@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> a owl:Ontology;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "14 September 2026";
  <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#gitCommitHash>
    "c0599beca8df55873a1ab061dee64e52c510c6a0";
  rdfs:comment "OntoSpecies is an ontology developed for representing chemical species.";
  owl:versionInfo "1" .

<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> a owl:AnnotationProperty .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#gitCommitHash>
  a owl:AnnotationProperty .

<http://purl.org/gc/hasAtom> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/gc/Atom>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/hasAtomCoordinateX> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Atom>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/gc/FloatValue>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/hasAtomCoordinateY> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Atom>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/gc/FloatValue>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/hasAtomCoordinateZ> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Atom>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/gc/FloatValue>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/hasUnit> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Value>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/isElement> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Atom>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#hasElement> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularFormula>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation that defines that a species or molecular entity contains a chemical element.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#hasElementNumber> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularFormula>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#ElementNumber>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation that defines a combined representation of a number indicating the amount of an element in a species and the element.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#indicatesNumberOf> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#ElementNumber>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation that defines the number of atoms of a given element contained in a species or molecular entity.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasCharge> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Charge>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation between a species or molecular entity and the overall net charge of this species or molecular entity in units of elementary charge";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasEmpiricalFormula>
  a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#EmpiricalFormula>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation between a species or molecular entity and the chemical formula describing the relative number of each constituting chemical element of the species or molecular entity.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasMolecularFormula>
  a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularFormula>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation between a species or molecular entity and the chemical formula describing the number of atoms of each constituting chemical element of the species or molecular entity.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasMolecularWeight>
  a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularWeight>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation between a species or molecular entity and the total mass of one mole of this species or molecular entity in g/mol";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasPhase> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#StandardEnthalpyOfFormation>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#Phase>;
  rdfs:comment "A phase for which the standard enthalpy of formation is defined.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasProvenance>
  a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#StandardEnthalpyOfFormation>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#Reference>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation between the standard enthalpy of formation and its provenance information.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasReferenceTemperature>
  a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#StandardEnthalpyOfFormation>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Temperature>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation that defines the temperature at which the value of a property is estimated.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasStandardEnthalpyOfFormation>
  a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#StandardEnthalpyOfFormation>;
  rdfs:comment "A relation that defines the standard enthalpy of formation of a given species.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://purl.org/gc/hasValue> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Value>;
  rdfs:range rdfs:Literal;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#hasNumberOfElement> a
    owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#ElementNumber>;
  rdfs:range xsd:integer;
  rdfs:comment "A number that indicates the amount of an element in a species.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#SMILES> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System. A form of line notation for codifying the structure of a chemical species using short ASCII strings.  In ChEBI, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles is defined as an annotation property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#casRegistryID>
  a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "A numerical identifier designed to uniquely identify all chemical substances. Also in PeriodicTable, http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#casRegistryID is defined as a data type property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#charge> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:integer;
  rdfs:comment "The overall net charge of a molecule. In ChEBI, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/charge is defined as an annotation property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#dateOfAccess>
  a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "The date when a web page was accessed.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasAtomicBond>
  a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "The data property that represents the bonds between all atoms in a species.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasCanonicalPosition>
  a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/gc/Atom>;
  rdfs:range xsd:integer;
  rdfs:comment "The canonical position of an atom in a species.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasGeometry> a
    owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "The data property that represents the geometry of species.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#inChI> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "An identifier designed to codify chemical species, molecules or substances. In ChEBI, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/inchi is defined as an annotation property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#inChIKey> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "A fixed-length representation of InChI. In ChEBI, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/inchikey is defined as an annotation property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#mass> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:float;
  rdfs:comment "The combined masses of all atoms of a molecule. In ChEBI, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/mass is defined as an annotation property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#pubChemCID> a
    owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "The PubChem Compound Identifier (CID) number taken from their database of chemical molecules and their activities in biological assays. ";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#spinMultiplicity>
  a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "The spin multiplicity is equal to the number of alpha electrons, minus beta electrons, plus 1.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#value> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "The value of a property. Also in OntoCAPE, http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontocape/upper_level/system.owl#value is designed as a data type property.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> a owl:DatatypeProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species>;
  rdfs:range xsd:string;
  rdfs:comment "An alternative name of a chemical species, molecule or substance.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core> .

<http://purl.org/gc/Atom> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:subClassOf _:302a25;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

_:302a25 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/gc/isElement>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element> .

<http://purl.org/gc/FloatValue> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:subClassOf <http://purl.org/gc/Value>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/IntegerValue> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:subClassOf <http://purl.org/gc/Value>;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://purl.org/gc/Value> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/gc> .

<http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "An atom or isotope.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontocape/material/substance/substance.owl#ChemicalSpecies>
  a owl:Class;
  owl:equivalentClass <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#ElementNumber> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:subClassOf _:302a35;
  rdfs:comment "A combined representation of a number indicating the amount of an element in a species and the element.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

_:302a35 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#indicatesNumberOf>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#Phase> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#Reference> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#Species> a owl:Class .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Charge> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "The overall net charge of a molecule or ion in units of elementary charge.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#EmpiricalFormula>
  a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "A chemical formula that indicates the relative number of each constituting chemical element of a species or molecular entity.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontocape/material/substance/substance.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularFormula>
  a owl:Class;
  rdfs:subClassOf _:302a45, _:302a55;
  rdfs:comment "A chemical compound formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a compound, without indicating how they are linked.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

_:302a45 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#hasElement>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.daml.org/2003/01/periodictable/PeriodicTable#Element> .

_:302a55 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#hasElementNumber>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#ElementNumber> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularWeight>
  a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "The mass of one mole of a species in units of g/mol.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Species> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:subClassOf <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontokin/OntoKin.owl#Species>,
    _:302a65, _:302a75, _:302a85, _:302a95, _:302aa5;
  rdfs:comment "\"An ensemble of chemically identical molecular entities\" (McNaught & Wilkinson, 1997).";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

_:302a65 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/gc/hasAtom>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://purl.org/gc/Atom> .

_:302a75 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasCharge>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Charge> .

_:302a85 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasEmpiricalFormula>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#EmpiricalFormula> .

_:302a95 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasMolecularFormula>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularFormula> .

_:302aa5 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#hasMolecularWeight>;
  owl:allValuesFrom <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#MolecularWeight> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#StandardEnthalpyOfFormation>
  a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "The energy required to form 1 mole of a substance from its constituent elements.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Temperature> a
    owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "A�measure of the average amount of energy of motion, or kinetic energy, a system contains\" (Chemistry LibreTexts, accessed on 11/11/2019).";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .

<http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl#Weblink> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "The address of a web page that describes a resource.";
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.theworldavatar.com/ontology/ontospecies/OntoSpecies.owl> .