PREFIX cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

cito:SelfCitation a rdfs:Class ;
  rdfs:label "self citation"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """A citation in which the citing and the cited entities have at least one author in common.

In particular, like the parent class cito:Citation, cito:SelfCitation and its accompanying object properties cito:hasCitingEntity, cito:hasCitedEntity and cito:hasCitationCharacterization can be employed to reify direct citation statements made using the CiTO citation object property cito:cites or one of its sub-properties, accompanied by an additional statement using cito:sharesAuthorWith for linking the citing paper and the cited paper. 

For example, the following cito:SelfCitation resource

     :thisCitation a cito:SelfCitation ; 
          cito:hasCitingEntity :paperA ;
          cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends ;
          cito:hasCitedEntity :paperB .

can be alternatively described as follows

     :paperA cito:extends :paperB .
     :paperA cito:sharesAuthorWith :paperB ."""@en ;
  rdfs:subClassOf cito:Citation .

cito:hasCitationTimeSpan a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "has citation time span"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The temporal characteristic of a citation, namely the date interval (expressed in whole years) between the publication year of the cited entity and the publication year of the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:domain cito:Citation ;
  rdfs:range xsd:integer .

cito:hasCitedEntity a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "has cited entity"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "A property that relates a citation to the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#isSettingFor> .

cito:hasCitationCharacterization a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "has citation characterization"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """A property that links a citation to its characterization made by using a CiTO citation characterization property such as cito:extends. This usage involved OWL2 punning, whenby a CiTO object property, such as the aforementioned cito:extends, is used as the object of an OWL assertion:

     :thisCitation cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends .

In such cases of OWL punning, the CiTO object properties are simultaneously considered both as normal object properties and also as proper named individuals of the class owl:Thing."""@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#isSettingFor> .

cito:hasCitingEntity a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "has citing entity"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "A property that relates a citation to the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#isSettingFor> .

cito:Citation a rdfs:Class ;
  rdfs:label "citation"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """A citation is a conceptual directional link from a citing entity to a cited entity, created by a human performative act of making a citation, typically instantiated by the inclusion of a bibliographic reference (biro:BibliographicReference) in the reference list of the citing entity, or by the inclusion within the citing entity of a link, in the form of an HTTP Uniform Resource Locator (URL), to a resource on the World Wide Web.

The time span of a citation, i.e. the interval between the publication year of the citing entity and the publication year of the cited entity, can be recorded using the data property cito:hasCitationTimeSpan.

The nature or type of a citation can be characterized by using CiTO object properties, e.g. http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsDataSource (definition: “The citing entity cites the cited entity as a source of data”).  

This CiTO class cito:Citation and its accompanying object properties cito:hasCitingEntity, cito:hasCitedEntity and cito:hasCitationCharacterization can be employed to reify direct citation statements made using the CiTO citation object property cito:cites or one of its sub-properties. 

For example, the following RDF statement

     :paperA cito:extends :paperB .

can be alternatively described as follows

     :thisCitation a cito:Citation ; 
          cito:hasCitingEntity :paperA ;
          cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends ;
          cito:hasCitedEntity :paperB .

This usage involved OWL2 punning, whereby a CiTO object property, such as the aforementioned cito:extends, is used as the object of the OWL assertion.

     :thisCitation cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends .

Using such OWL2 punning (described at http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-new-features-20090611/#F12:_Punning), the CiTO object property is considered as a proper named individual of the class owl:Thing. 

Such reification of citation acts can be very useful, since it permits one to combine these CiTO properties with other vocabularies, or to handle situations in which none of the citation characterizations available in CiTO are applicable.  

Such situations can be resolved by the creation of a user-defined citation characterization, for example by using the Open Annotation Data Model, as explained at http://semanticpublishing.wordpress.com/2013/07/03/extending-cito-for-open-annotations/."""@en .

<http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#Situation> a rdfs:Class .

<https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> a rdfs:Class ;
  rdfs:comment "An unconstrained type or object"@en .

cito:agreesWith a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "agrees with"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity agrees with statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:cites a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity, either directly and explicitly (as in the reference list of a journal article), indirectly (e.g. by citing a more recent paper by the same group on the same topic), or implicitly (e.g. as in artistic quotations or parodies, or in cases of plagiarism)."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/swan/2.0/discourse-relationships/refersTo> .

cito:citesAsAuthority a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as authority"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as one that provides an authoritative description or definition of the subject under discussion."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsDataSource a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as data source"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as source of data."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsEvidence a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as evidence"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as source of factual evidence for statements it contains."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsMetadataDocument a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as metadata document"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as being the container of metadata describing the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsPotentialSolution a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as potential solution"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as providing or containing a possible solution to the issues being discussed."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsRecommendedReading a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as recommended reading"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as an item of recommended reading.  This property can be used, for example, to describe references in a lecture reading list, where the cited references are relevant to the general topic of the lecture, but might not be individually cited within the text of the lecture.  Similarly, it could be used to describe items in a 'Suggested further reading' list at the end of a book chapter."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsRelated a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as related"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as one that is related."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesAsSourceDocument a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites as source document"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as being the entity from which the citing entity is derived, or about which the citing entity contains metadata."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:citesForInformation a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "cites for information"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity cites the cited entity as a source of information on the subject under discussion."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:compiles a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "compiles"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity is used to create or compile the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:confirms a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "confirms"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity confirms facts, ideas or statements presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:containsAssertionFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "contains assertion from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity contains a statement of fact or a logical assertion (or a collection of such facts and/or assertions) originally present in the cited entity.   This object property is designed to be used to relate a separate abstract, summary or nanopublication to the cited entity upon which it is based."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:corrects a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "corrects"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity corrects statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:credits a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "credits"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity acknowledges contributions made by the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:critiques a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "critiques"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity critiques statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:derides a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "derides"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity express derision for the cited entity, or for ideas or conclusions contained within it."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:describes a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "describes"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity describes the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:disagreesWith a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "disagrees with"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity disagrees with statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:discusses a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "discusses"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity discusses statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:disputes a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "disputes"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity disputes statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:documents a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "documents"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity documents information about the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:extends a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "extends"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity extends facts, ideas or understandings presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:givesBackgroundTo a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "gives background to"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity provides background information for the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:givesSupportTo a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "gives support to"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity provides intellectual or factual support for the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:hasReplyFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "has reply from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity evokes a reply from the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:includesExcerptFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "includes excerpt from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity includes one or more excerpts from the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:includesQuotationFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "includes quotation from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity includes one or more quotations from the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:isAgreedWithBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is agreed with by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity contains statements, ideas or conclusions with which the citing entity agrees."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsAuthorityBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as authority by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as providing an authoritative description or definition of the subject under discussion in the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsDataSourceBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as data source by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as a data source by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsEvidenceBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as evidence by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited for providing factual evidence to the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsMetadataDocumentBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as metadata document by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as being the container of metadata relating to the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsPontentialSolutionBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as potential solution by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as providing or containing a possible solution to the issues being discussed in the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsRecommendedReadingBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as recommended reading by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited by the citing entity as an item of recommended reading.  This property can be used, for example, to describe references in a lecture reading list, where the cited references are relevant to the general topic of the lecture, but might not be individually cited within the text of the lecture.  Similarly, it could be used to describe items in a 'Suggested further reading' list at the end of a book chapter."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsRelatedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as related by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as being related to the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedAsSourceDocumentBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited as source document by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as being the entity from which the citing entity is derived, or about which the citing entity contains metadata."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCitedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity (the subject of the RDF triple) is cited by the citing entity (the object of the triple)."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .

cito:isCitedForInformationBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is cited for information by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited as a source of information on the subject under discussion in the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCompiledBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is compiled by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is the result of a compile or creation event using the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isConfirmedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is confirmed by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents facts, ideas or statements that are confirmed by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCorrectedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is corrected by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are corrected by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCreditedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is credited by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity makes contributions that are acknowledged by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isCritiquedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is critiqued by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are critiqued by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isDeridedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is derided by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity contains ideas or conclusions for which the citing entity express derision."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isDescribedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is described by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is described by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isDisagreedWithBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is disagreed with by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are disagreed with by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isDiscussedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is discussed by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are discussed by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isDisputedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is disputed by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are disputed by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isDocumentedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is documented by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Information about the cited entity is documented by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isExtendedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is extended by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents facts, ideas or understandings that are extended by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isLinkedToBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is linked to by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is the target for an HTTP Uniform Resource Locator (URL) link within the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isParodiedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is parodied by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The characteristic style or content of the cited entity is imitated by the citing entity for comic effect, usually without explicit citation."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isPlagiarizedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is plagiarized by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is plagiarized by the author of the citing entity, who includes within the citing entity textual or other elements from the cited entity without formal acknowledgement of their source. The cited entity is thus not explicitly cited from within the citing entity, according to the norms of scholarly practice, but is cited implicitly."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isQualifiedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is qualified by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are qualified or have conditions placed upon them by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isRefutedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is refuted by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are refuted by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isRetractedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is retracted by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is formally retracted by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isReviewedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is reviewed by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are reviewed by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isRidiculedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is ridiculed by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity or aspects of its contents are ridiculed by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isSpeculatedOnBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is speculated on by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity is cited because the citing article contains speculations on its content or ideas."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isSupportedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is supported by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity receives intellectual or factual support from the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:isUpdatedBy a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "is updated by"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents statements, ideas, hypotheses or understanding that are updated by the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:likes a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "likes"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "A property that permits you to express appreciation of or interest in something that is the object of the RDF triple, or to express that it is worth thinking about even if you do not agree with its content, enabling social media 'likes' statements to be encoded in RDF.  Use of this property does NOT imply the existence of a formal citation of the entity that is 'liked'."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .

cito:linksTo a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "links to"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity provides a link, in the form of an HTTP Uniform Resource Locator (URL), to the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:obtainsBackgroundFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "obtains background from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity obtains background information from the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:obtainsSupportFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "obtains support from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity obtains intellectual or factual support from the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:parodies a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "parodies"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity imitates the characteristic style or content of the cited entity for comic effect, usually without explicit citation."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:plagiarizes a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "plagiarizes"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "A property indicating that the author of the citing entity plagiarizes the cited entity, by including textual or other elements from the cited entity without formal acknowledgement of their source.  The citing entity thus contains no explicit citation of the cited entity, according to the norms of scholarly practice, but cites it implicitly."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:providesAssertionFor a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "provides assertion for"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity contains and is the original source of a statement of fact or a logical assertion (or a collection of such facts and/or assertions) that is to be found in the citing entity.   This inverse object property is designed to be used to relate a cited entity to a separate abstract, summary or nanopublication based upon it."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:providesConclusionsFor a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "provides conclusions for"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents conclusions that are used in work described in the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:providesDataFor a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "provides data for"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity presents data that are used in work described in the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:providesExcerptFor a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "provides excerpt for"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity contains information, usually of a textual nature, that is excerpted by (used as an excerpt within) the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:providesMethodFor a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "provides method for"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity details a method that is used in work described by the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:providesQuotationFor a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "provides quotation for"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The cited entity contains information, usually of a textual nature, that is quoted by (used as a quotation within) the citing entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:isCitedBy .

cito:qualifies a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "qualifies"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity qualifies or places conditions or restrictions upon statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:refutes a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "refutes"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity refutes statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:repliesTo a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "replies to"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity replies to statements, ideas or criticisms presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:retracts a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "retracts"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity constitutes a formal retraction of the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:reviews a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "reviews"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity reviews statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:ridicules a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "ridicules"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity ridicules the cited entity or aspects of its contents."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:sharesAuthorInstitutionWith a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "shares author institution with"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Each entity has at least one author that shares a common institutional affiliation with an author of the other entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .

cito:sharesAuthorWith a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "shares author with"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Each entity has at least one author in common with the other entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .

cito:sharesFundingAgencyWith a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "shares funding agency with"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The two entities result from activities that have been funded by the same funding agency."@en ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .

cito:speculatesOn a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "speculates on"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity speculates on something within or related to the cited entity, without firm evidence."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:supports a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "supports"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity provides intellectual or factual support for statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:updates a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "updates"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity updates statements, ideas, hypotheses or understanding presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:usesConclusionsFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "uses conclusions from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity describes work that uses conclusions presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:usesDataFrom a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "uses data from"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity describes work that uses data presented in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

cito:usesMethodIn a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "uses method in"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "The citing entity describes work that uses a method detailed in the cited entity."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

<http://purl.org/swan/2.0/discourse-relationships/refersTo> a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .

<http://schema.org/citation> a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "citation"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "This property is defined in schema.org and has been added here to align schema.org with CiTO. The object property schema:citation expresses similar semantics to cito:cites except for the explicit definition of domain and range classes, that are schema:CreativeWork according to schema.org. For that reason, it is here defined as a subproperty of cito:cites."@en ;
  rdfs:range xsd:string ;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf cito:cites .

<http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#isSettingFor> a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/linkml/Any> .