@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-5B481D8C9708896F9B7B20B012EB1EF3 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isClaimIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-D76A428178BCD284E2C3C15B27AA389E .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo> a owl:Ontology;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> <http://dwellonit.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/dwellonit/ArgumentModel/amo.png>,
    """Nella maggior parte dei suoi lavori, Toulmin ha evidenziato come l'assolutismo (rappresentato da argomenti teorici o analitici) abbia un valore pratico limitato. L'assolutismo è derivato dalla logica formale idealizzata di Platone, che supporta pienamente la verità universale. Conformemente, gli assolutisti credono che le questioni morali possano essere risolte attraverso l'uso di ben stabiliti principi morali, in modo del tutto indipendente dal contesto. Contrariamente, Toulmin asseriscie che la maggior parte di questi così detti principi morali sono irrilevanti per le situazioni reali affrontate dagli esseri umani nella vita di tutti i giorni.

Per dare più vigore a quest sua idea, Toulmin ha introdutto il concetto di campi argomentativi: in \"The Uses of Argument (1958)\", Toulmin afferma che alcuni aspetti dell'argomentazione variano da campo a campo e sono conseguentemente chiamati \"dipendenti\", mentre altri aspetti sono percepiti allo stesso modo in tutti i campi e vengono quindi chiamati \"invarianti\". Toulmin crede che il fallimento dell'assolutismo sia da amputare allo trascurare gli aspetti \"dipendenti\" dell'argomentazione; infatti l'assolutismo assume che tutti gli aspetti argomentativi siano \"invarianti\".

Come conseguenza a queste critiche, Toulmin ha sviluppato un tipo differente di argomentazione, chiamato argomentazione pratica (anche conosciuto come argomentazione sostanziale). In contrasto con l'argomentazione teorica degli assolutisti, l'argomentazione pratica di Toulmin si focalizza sulla fuzione giustificativa dell'argomentazione, opposta alla funzione inferenziale dell'argomentazione teorica. Laddove l'argomentazione teorica produce inferenze sulla base di un insieme di principi per poi arrivare alla \"pretesa\", l'argomentazione pratica prima trova una \"pretesa\" di interesse per poi fornirne una giustificazione. Toulmin crede che il ragionamento sia meno un'attività di inferenza, che coinvolge l'identificazione di nuove idee, e più un processo di verifica di idee che già esistono - ovvero un atto raggiungibile attraverso il processo di giustificazione.

Toulmin credeva che, per essere efficacie, una buona argomentazione necessita di una buona giustificazione per una \"pretesa\". Lui credeva che questo avrebbe permesso di resistere alle critiche e di guadagnare un verdetto favorevole. Toulmin proponeva una struttura contenente sei componenti intercorrelate per analizzare le argomentazioni: pretesa (claim), dato (evidence), garanzia (warrant), fondamento (backing), qualificatore (qualifier) e confutazione (rebuttal).

Questa ontologia si propone di codificare la teoria di Toulmin attraverso classi e proprietà OWL in modo da descrivere una rete di entità intercollegate che partecipano, con un ruolo specifico, ad uno o più argomentazioni.

In più, l'ontologia è allineata con CiTO (Citation Typing Ontology, http://purl.org/spar/cito), un'ontologia per la caratterizzazione di citazioni (fattuali e retoriche) che è parte di SPAR, una suite di ontologie per il Semantic Publishing and Referencing."""@it,
    """Throughout many of his works, Toulmin pointed out that absolutism (represented by theoretical or analytic arguments) has limited practical value. Absolutism is derived from Plato’s idealized formal logic, which advocates universal truth; accordingly, absolutists believe that moral issues can be resolved by adhering to a standard set of moral principles, regardless of context. By contrast, Toulmin asserts that many of these so-called standard principles are irrelevant to real situations encountered by human beings in daily life.

To reinforce his assertion, Toulmin introduced the concept of argument fields; in 'The Uses of Argument (1958)', Toulmin states that some aspects of arguments vary from field to field, and are hence called 'field-dependent', while other aspects of argument are the same throughout all fields, and are hence called 'field-invariant'. The flaw of absolutism, Toulmin believes, lies in its unawareness of the field-dependent aspect of argument; absolutism assumes that all aspects of argument are field invariant.

As consequence of those critiques, Toulmin aimed to develop a different type of argument, called practical arguments (also known as substantial arguments). In contrast to absolutists’ theoretical arguments, Toulmin’s practical argument is intended to focus on the justificatory function of argumentation, as opposed to the inferential function of theoretical arguments. Whereas theoretical arguments make inferences based on a set of principles to arrive at a claim, practical arguments first find a claim of interest, and then provide justification for it. Toulmin believed that reasoning is less an activity of inference, involving the discovering of new ideas, and more a process of testing and sifting already existing ideas—an act achievable through the process of justification.

Toulmin believed that for a good argument to succeed, it needs to provide good justification for a claim. This, he believed, will ensure it stands up to criticism and earns a favourable verdict. Toulmin proposed a layout containing six interrelated components for analyzing arguments: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, qualifier and rebuttal.

This ontology aims to encode the Toulmin's theory through OWL classes and properties, in order to describe a web of inter-linked entities that participate, with a specific role, in one or more arguments.

Moreover, this ontology is aligned with CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology (http://purl.org/spar/cito), an ontology for the characterization of citations, both factually and rhetorically that forms part of SPAR, a suite of Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies."""@en;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> "Silvio Peroni", "Fabio Vitali";
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Ontologia del Modello di Argomentazione"@it,
    """The Argument Model Ontology
(AMO)"""@en;
  rdfs:comment "L'Ontologia del Modello di Argomentazione è un'ontologia OWL 2 DL che permette la descrizione dell'apparato argomentativo conformemente alla teoria di Toulmin."@it,
    "The Argument Model Ontology is an OWL 2 DL ontology that allows to describe argumentation according to the 'Toulmin Model of Argument'."@en;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights> "This ontology is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"@en,
    "Questa ontologia è distribuita con licenza Creative Commons Attribution - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"@it;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2011-05-04";
  owl:versionInfo "1.0";
  owl:imports <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isRebuttalIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasRebuttal>;
  rdfs:label "is rebuttal in"@en;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a rebuttal."@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isQualifierIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:comment "An sentence or word linked to an argument with the scope of qualifying the argument claim."@en;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasQualifier>;
  rdfs:label "is qualifier in"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/forces> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim>;
  owl:propertyChainAxiom _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-68B710A569B41FBF3BD39F258A17A6EC;
  rdfs:label "forces"@en;
  rdfs:comment "A qualifier that expresses as degree of force concerning a claim of an argument."@en;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Qualifier>;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> "By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links a qualifier to the relative claim is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties)."@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/cito/qualifies>, <http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasWarrant> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:label "has warrant"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant>;
  rdfs:comment "An argument includes a warrant as one of its (mandatory) components."@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-51B6454D32CABED4EFB27295F6C24F04 rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-F61E5F4DE8D148C7F8641F60AC95FD70;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isValidUnless> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "is valid unless"@en;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim>;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> "By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links a claim to the relative rebuttal is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties)."@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDisputedBy>, <http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo>;
  owl:propertyChainAxiom _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-FC513F351C1E3A984F05AFF3635AE894;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Rebuttal>;
  rdfs:comment "A claim that is restricted by a rebuttal of an argument."@en .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Qualifier> a owl:Class;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-B20689649798BFED51E0816C5723AFF1;
  rdfs:comment "Words or phrases that express the degree of certainty of the claim such as “certainly”, “possible”, “probably”, “presumably”, etc."@en;
  rdfs:label "qualifier"@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3142DA139A5FA2AC7D977DE1E8569E5B a owl:Restriction;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isClaimIn> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Backing> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "Sort of credentials that certifies the warrant - e.g., the OWL 2 document specifications."@en;
  rdfs:label "backing"@en;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-64FEE40A96F2F2F205470B0FAA2AC89E .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo> a owl:SymmetricProperty, owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "relates to"@en;
  rdfs:domain _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-A0A1F0A66D185EFE522C3C977B037C32;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentation entity relates to another one in some way - for example, it is the evidence that is used to prove a claim of an argument."@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-A3A3C58DFE69C4713F832CFFADAB4D14 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Rebuttal>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-5454308AA39D52552804685A6C60CEC2 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-56A4952E0AC76A16859E09F91CE12AA9 a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-B6B2AF984641954388037FA238FA6E13 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-69C67206DBDD3FCFC2620480FBF61DCC rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isWarrantIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-A2983B67C307A581F745C1077E9C1BAC .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasQualifier> a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "has qualifier"@en;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Qualifier>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:comment "An argument includes a qualifier as one of its (optional) components."@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-C1CB9344BFF63EA7E74694BCEC3B0390 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isRebuttalIn> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-2E2A507CCDB3410D2646055C10543DD0 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isBackingIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-5B481D8C9708896F9B7B20B012EB1EF3 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-68B710A569B41FBF3BD39F258A17A6EC rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isQualifierIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-E5A252C4653B31D34DAD81169D72459A .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9F8922DD7C78F24D0B269F01CC00E5A9 a owl:Class;
  owl:unionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-4357D46516C39EA50C3733FC37208F6C .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasRebuttal> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves>;
  rdfs:label "has rebuttal"@en;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Rebuttal>;
  rdfs:comment "An argument includes a rebuttal as one of its (optional) components."@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-C68C47ACD14EF8A0542EAF52C1D12052 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isBackingIn>;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:label "involves"@en;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> "This property and its sub-properties serve to describe an argument from an high-level perspective (i.e., which argumentation entities take part in it and what role they hold) rather than from a factual point of view (i.e., how argumentation entities are inter-linked between them)."@en;
  rdfs:comment "An argument involves an argumentation entity (claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal) or a qualifier."@en;
  rdfs:range _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-25AE14368E188DAF99CBD2CB4A17DD5E .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-A2983B67C307A581F745C1077E9C1BAC rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasEvidence> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Evidence>;
  rdfs:label "has evidence"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:comment "An argument includes an evidence as one of its (mandatory) components."@en .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/proves> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "proves"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsEvidenceBy>, <http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Evidence>;
  rdfs:comment "An evidence that founds a claim of an argument."@en;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> "By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links an evidence to the relative claim is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties)."@en;
  owl:propertyChainAxiom _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-050D53B5D2040A16B4567B37431DFFF4 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-64FEE40A96F2F2F205470B0FAA2AC89E a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-36AB94829109E058A1866A499932C26C .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-AB8434434BDA0094E55E4449126953E6 a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3D3012DF452989A0CB6BF53C68659152 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/leadsTo> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> "By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links a warrant to the relative claim is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties)."@en,
    "A warrant that points to a claim from the related evidence within an argument."@en;
  owl:propertyChainAxiom _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-69C67206DBDD3FCFC2620480FBF61DCC;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo>, <http://purl.org/spar/cito/confirms>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant>;
  rdfs:label "leads to"@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-0C9F804295486DA29F6F00A053A3B622 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-843518189082D630721EC64E846B6F4E .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-DB358ED1725F8886EEBFDDA13E9605AC a owl:AllDisjointProperties;
  owl:members _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-2E2A507CCDB3410D2646055C10543DD0 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:label "claim"@en;
  rdfs:comment "A fact that must be established - e.g., 'This is a consistent OWL ontology'."@en;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-AB8434434BDA0094E55E4449126953E6 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-E97005C0187806443FD0BDC8D59A7E01 a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-0C9F804295486DA29F6F00A053A3B622 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim> a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "has claim"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves>;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:comment "An argument includes a claim as one of its (mandatory) components."@en .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:label "warrant"@en;
  rdfs:comment """A statement bridging from the evidence to the claim - e.g., 'An ontology developed in OWL is a consistent OWL ontology'.
"""@en;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-C6878E48E8298F5756348641F3D6045C .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-B6B2AF984641954388037FA238FA6E13 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9953199EABFABEE89A75EEA617BFAECD .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-23244AB1D8EE91BAB95BCEAA4EF4F331 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Evidence>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-A3A3C58DFE69C4713F832CFFADAB4D14 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment """An argument, or practical argument according to the 'Toulmin model of argument', focuses on the justificatory function of argumentation: practical arguments first find a claim of interest, and then provide justification for it.

Each argument must be analyzed according to six interrelated components: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal and qualifier. The first three elements, 'claim', 'data' and 'warrant', are considered as the essential components of practical arguments, while the second triad, 'qualifier', 'backing', and 'rebuttal', may not be needed in some arguments."""@en;
  <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> <http://dwellonit.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/dwellonit/ArgumentModel/argument.png>;
  rdfs:label "argument"@en;
  rdfs:subClassOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-8A48DBEE12DAC5BB8323CD658F0AD506 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isEvidenceIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "is evidence in"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn>;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered an evidence."@en;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasEvidence> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-DC88A75DEC65B24CCD9F1F73D111721D a owl:Restriction;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isWarrantIn> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isClaimIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a claim."@en;
  rdfs:label "is claim in"@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn>;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-EFF2E79AF0C7575AAA8D3BD111CEA65B a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isEvidenceIn>;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument> .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/backs> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "backs"@en;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant>;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/cito/givesBackgroundTo>, <http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Backing>;
  rdfs:comment "A backing that attests the warrant of an argument."@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-18CEA1919F963A94C2B843A86DC4A812 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isQualifierIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9CB0817F0E88A8D5A6F3533EF0FFCDF0 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-152AAD5CB2F17EB63EA0A21CA1E3BBC6 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasRebuttal>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:label "is involved in"@en;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentation entity involved in the presentation of an argument."@en;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-4C1595816DAAD72ADA828DB9A0ACF3A7 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isWarrantIn>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isWarrantIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn>;
  rdfs:label "is warrant in"@en;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a warrant."@en;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasWarrant> .

<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> a owl:AnnotationProperty .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-D76A428178BCD284E2C3C15B27AA389E rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isEvidenceIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-18CEA1919F963A94C2B843A86DC4A812 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-C6878E48E8298F5756348641F3D6045C a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9B3685E864A55A1BEB9E2985336948F3 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-61C1E57D3A21340D596DECFC64376C51 rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-8C5A030A481C1925C0376F6E8AEDFD54;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9978046C31F888110830B2609B1C2F4E .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-6C053A8A6C4939977EB04F49767C1050 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-23244AB1D8EE91BAB95BCEAA4EF4F331 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/supports> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant>;
  rdfs:comment "An evidence that supports a warrant of an argument."@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo>, <http://purl.org/spar/cito/givesSupportTo>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Evidence>;
  rdfs:label "supports"@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-050D53B5D2040A16B4567B37431DFFF4 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isEvidenceIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-613D52F2B62D7B177BC285A0264420D1 .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Evidence> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:label "evidence"@en;
  rdfs:comment "A fact that represents a foundation for the claim - e.g., 'This ontology was developed in OWL'."@en;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-56A4952E0AC76A16859E09F91CE12AA9 .

<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights> a owl:AnnotationProperty .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-A0A1F0A66D185EFE522C3C977B037C32 a owl:Class;
  owl:unionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-14D9F04B50D8971584BE457FFDC8ED9D .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity> a owl:Class;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-D13768EA2EF6231A31A732FCFE05DFDB;
  rdfs:label "argumentation entity"@en;
  rdfs:comment "An entity that takes part in an argument according to the 'Toulmin model of argument'."@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-D98FD89F387332CB2F31C5D366AE05DF rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Qualifier>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9953199EABFABEE89A75EEA617BFAECD rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-EFF2E79AF0C7575AAA8D3BD111CEA65B;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9CB0817F0E88A8D5A6F3533EF0FFCDF0 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isRebuttalIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-4C1595816DAAD72ADA828DB9A0ACF3A7 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-CE317B22BB507E5DD51498B13E31F34D rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-E87E0DE08F66901A3361CAD3FD4DEA8B;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-61C1E57D3A21340D596DECFC64376C51 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-D13768EA2EF6231A31A732FCFE05DFDB a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-6A78F536D90F056E8356ADFADBF1F232 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9978046C31F888110830B2609B1C2F4E rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3A32A11A5C934B6C82CA9D5301697AAC;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/Rebuttal> a owl:Class;
  rdfs:comment "Restrictions that may be applied to the claim - 'Unless a reasoner for OWL 2 proves that it is not consistent'."@en;
  owl:equivalentClass _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-E97005C0187806443FD0BDC8D59A7E01;
  rdfs:label "rebuttal"@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-36AB94829109E058A1866A499932C26C rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-1B1284551A6613B35A1DF79111102A9C .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-8C5A030A481C1925C0376F6E8AEDFD54 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasWarrant> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-25AE14368E188DAF99CBD2CB4A17DD5E a owl:Class;
  owl:unionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3943CDC05ADF35636D7EFC2ECF33185A .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/isBackingIn> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn>;
  owl:inverseOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasBacking>;
  rdfs:comment "An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a backing."@en;
  rdfs:label "is backing in"@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-F61E5F4DE8D148C7F8641F60AC95FD70 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-1B1284551A6613B35A1DF79111102A9C rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-C68C47ACD14EF8A0542EAF52C1D12052;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-78DB734E355FC8A3F1C69A1FB41E0686 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Qualifier>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-613D52F2B62D7B177BC285A0264420D1 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-E87E0DE08F66901A3361CAD3FD4DEA8B a owl:Restriction;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasEvidence>;
  owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-4357D46516C39EA50C3733FC37208F6C rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Backing>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-6C053A8A6C4939977EB04F49767C1050 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-5454308AA39D52552804685A6C60CEC2 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-8A48DBEE12DAC5BB8323CD658F0AD506 a owl:Class;
  owl:intersectionOf _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-CE317B22BB507E5DD51498B13E31F34D .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-B20689649798BFED51E0816C5723AFF1 a owl:Restriction;
  owl:someValuesFrom <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isQualifierIn> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-09BB32A4C281C63FA5013A64812E7DA2 rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-DC88A75DEC65B24CCD9F1F73D111721D;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-FC513F351C1E3A984F05AFF3635AE894 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/isClaimIn>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-152AAD5CB2F17EB63EA0A21CA1E3BBC6 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9B3685E864A55A1BEB9E2985336948F3 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-09BB32A4C281C63FA5013A64812E7DA2 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3943CDC05ADF35636D7EFC2ECF33185A rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-D98FD89F387332CB2F31C5D366AE05DF .

<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> a owl:AnnotationProperty .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-329BD1D204594C473C79079D4F054EF9 rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3142DA139A5FA2AC7D977DE1E8569E5B;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

<http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasBacking> a owl:ObjectProperty;
  rdfs:range <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Backing>;
  rdfs:domain <http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument>;
  rdfs:comment "An argument includes a backing as one of its (optional) components."@en;
  rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves>;
  rdfs:label "has backing"@en .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-E5A252C4653B31D34DAD81169D72459A rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim>;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3D3012DF452989A0CB6BF53C68659152 rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-329BD1D204594C473C79079D4F054EF9 .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-3A32A11A5C934B6C82CA9D5301697AAC a owl:Restriction;
  owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger;
  owl:onProperty <http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim> .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-843518189082D630721EC64E846B6F4E rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-C1CB9344BFF63EA7E74694BCEC3B0390;
  rdf:rest rdf:nil .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-6A78F536D90F056E8356ADFADBF1F232 rdf:first
    _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-9F8922DD7C78F24D0B269F01CC00E5A9;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-51B6454D32CABED4EFB27295F6C24F04 .

<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> a owl:AnnotationProperty .

_:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-14D9F04B50D8971584BE457FFDC8ED9D rdf:first
    <http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity>;
  rdf:rest _:genid-30d046aca2b8444099191a258e53ac533698-78DB734E355FC8A3F1C69A1FB41E0686 .

<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> a owl:AnnotationProperty .