PREFIX obo:
PREFIX rdf:
PREFIX rdfs:
PREFIX xsd:
obo:PW_0001741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "timolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of timolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001739 .
obo:PW_0001673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinblastine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vinblastine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001672 .
obo:PW_0000841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylcholine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetylcholine signaling plays important roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems and exerts both excitatory and inhibitory effects. It is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and choline by choline O-acetyltransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0001890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pantoprazole pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pantoprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pantoprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001888 .
obo:PW_0001625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NXF1-NXT1 export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The NXF1-NXT export pathway is involved in the trafficking of bulk mRNA. It is dependent upon the TREX/THO complex for receptor recruitment to the cargo." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001587 .
obo:PW_0002005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrochlorothiazide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of hydrochlorothiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002003 .
obo:PW_0000403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of amino acid metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant amino acid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0001356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Deregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling can affect innate immunity and play a role in metabolic diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0001314 , obo:PW_0001355 .
obo:PW_0000096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G2/M checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000094 .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "part_of" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:PW_0001405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromatin remodeling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in members of the various chromatin remodeling families have been implicated in cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001339 , obo:PW_0001341 .
obo:PW_0000367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Jak-Stat signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Jak-Stat signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000209 , obo:PW_0001537 , obo:PW_0001543 .
obo:PW_0002140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-barrel pathway of mitochondrial protein import" ;
rdfs:comment "The mitochondrial protein import thereby beta-barrel proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are sorted and assembled." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001962 .
obo:PW_0002069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dipyridamole drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dipyridamole, a drug that inhibits the formation of blood clots via inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0002229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "argatroban pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of argatroban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002227 .
obo:PW_0000227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphas family" ;
rdfs:comment "Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpa/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001539 .
obo:PW_0002117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of citalopram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002116 .
obo:PW_0002448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydromorphone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydromorphone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002447 .
obo:PW_0001408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "INO80 family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The INO80 (inositol requiring 80) family of remodelers has been initially purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It promotes transcriptional activation and DNA repair." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001339 .
obo:PW_0001679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vincristine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vincristine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001675 .
obo:PW_0001527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thromboxane A2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Thromboxane is one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Of the two thromboxane molecules, only A2 has activity. Thromboxane A2 signaling exerts vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation roles. Its actions oppose those of prostaglandin I2, the other important prostanoid for cardiovascular system homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001296 .
obo:PW_0000339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered connexins mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000334 .
obo:PW_0002308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levobunolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levobunolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002307 .
obo:PW_0001494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vitamin A and metabolites signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001116 , obo:PW_0001493 .
obo:PW_0001496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sensory system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0002644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4, well known for its sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0002195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bendroflumethiazide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bendroflumethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0001307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylcholine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylcholine, an essential component of membranes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 .
obo:PW_0000209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Jak-Stat signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Jak-Stat pathway is a main intracellular cascade initiated primarily in response to cytokine and also other ligand signaling. Four Janus kinases (Jak) and seven signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) families of proteins mediate the action of almost 40 cytokine receptors, including the receptor for leptin. Combinations between four Jak(s) and seven Stat(s) shape the outcome of ligand- triggered signaling through the various receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000818 , obo:PW_0001195 .
obo:PW_0002100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism due to defects in the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002099 .
obo:PW_0000186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of streptomycin - the first of the aminoglycoside antibiotics to be isolated, derived from Streptomyces griseus; it is effective against a wide variety of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and some gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria. Its use is now limited because of the emergence of resistant strains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinidine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of quinidine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001849 .
obo:PW_0001839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "risedronate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of risedronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001623 , obo:PW_0001837 .
obo:PW_0001379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "octane oxidation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation of octane and found in some bacteria. The final product can be utilized as a source of carbon and energy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0001958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondrial autophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mitophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mitochondrial damage and altered mitophagy pathway have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, such as Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001563 , obo:PW_0001842 , obo:PW_0001960 , obo:PW_0002403 .
obo:PW_0002655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glucose, also known as dextrose. It is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gliclazide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of gliclazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002006 .
obo:PW_0000726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "repaglinide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of repaglinide. The drug is used as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel it stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0000724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "statin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of statin. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0001774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "docetaxel response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by administration of docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug. Docetaxel inhibits mitotic cell division and its cytotoxicity extends to all dividing cells, not just tumor cells. Severe side effects and even death cases have been reported." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0000397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cobalamin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cobalamin, known as vitamin B12 - a water-soluble vitamin. Cobalamin has important roles in a number of metabolic pathways. There are several related compounds whose synthesis occurs in bacteria but whose conversion can be carried out in higher organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Huntington's disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease manifesting in movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders caused by the abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch in the Huntingtin (HTT) protein. It mostly affects the caudate-putamen striatal neurons. Other areas are also affected and undergo a size reduction. HTT is thought to be involved in several cellular pathways. Its functions are overcome by the mutant protein mHTT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000171 .
obo:PW_0001696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valdecoxib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of valdecoxib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Currently, the prodrug parecoxib is being used as valdecoxib has been removed from the market because its side effects risks." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001694 .
obo:PW_0000197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphingolipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sphingolipids - important components of animal and plant membranes. They contain a long chain amino alcohol and a ceramide core. Ceramides are also the precursors of glycolipids, also referred to as glycosphingolipids, which have attached sugar(s)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0000945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 12 signaling is known to act in rodents and does not appear to have a human equivalent. Ccl12, together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ticlopidine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001731 .
obo:PW_0000960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite, can signal intracellularly as a second messenger or extracellularly as a ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors. The S1P pathway plays important roles in processes such as cell migration, proliferation and survival. The five receptors engage similar G-proteins but their expression varies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000541 , obo:PW_0000959 .
obo:PW_0000380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transport pathway for the elimination of drugs, endogenous or exogenous compounds and metabolites" ;
rdfs:comment "Drugs, endogenous and/or exogenous compounds processed through the phase I and II of bioactivation, biotransformation pathways are eliminated via phase III transport pathway carried out by several transporter families." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 , obo:PW_0000124 , obo:PW_0000378 , obo:PW_0001229 .
obo:PW_0000777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketone bodies degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions that convert acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate back to acetyl-CoA, which then can enter the citrate cycle for energy production. Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver and released into the bloodstream to supply fuel to peripheral tissues, heart and skeletal muscle in particular and during starvation, the brain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000069 .
obo:PW_0001628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triosephosphate isomerase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The rare autosomal recessive condition is caused by mutations in the triosephosphate isomerase enzyme involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0002737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The chemical reactions resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thioester linkage with a fatty-acyl group." .
obo:PW_0002520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyroglobulin processing pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Thyroglobulin, produced by the follicular cells of thyroid gland is used to produce the thyroid hormones via a number of steps. Thyroglobulin contains some 100-120 tyrosine residues, of which only a small fraction is used to produce thyroid hormones. Usually there are 5 to 6 molecules of either thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) derived from each molecule of thyroglobulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0000276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-apoptotic cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Non-apoptotic cell death pathway refers collectively to those types of cell death whose functional and/or morphological features are different from the apoptotic cell death. Cellular autophagy is an example." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001557 .
obo:PW_0000306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered galactose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of galactose metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. An aberrant galactose metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. One example is the involvement of aberrant galactose catabolism in cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000042 , obo:PW_0000305 .
obo:PW_0000046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inositol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol, a cyclic sugar alcohol occurring in a number of stereoisomers of which myo-inositol is the most prominent form. myo-inositol provides a structural basis for compounds such as inositol phosphates and phosphatidylinositols, which are secondary messengers in several signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide signaling plays an important role in promoting insulin secretion. Gip is secreted from the K intestinal cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It signals via a G-protein coupled receptor to increase calcium and cAMP and activate downstream signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indometacin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of indometacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Indometcin is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002303 .
obo:PW_0001899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nisoldipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nisoldipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001896 .
obo:PW_0000057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbon fixation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway whereby photosynthetic organisms such as plants and cyanobacteria convert inorganic carbon (usually carbon dioxide) into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0002606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protease mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Proteases, the vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteases in particular, can activate a specific class of G protein-coupled receptors harboring an internally tethered ligand. The four protease-activated receptors (PARs) are involved in numerous physiologically relevant processes and can also play a role in disease-related aspects. PARs can be cleaved at different sites by different proteases to elicit distinct signaling responses, referred to as biased signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. The GPI anchor allows for the attachment of cell surface proteins to the cell membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000146 .
obo:PW_0000836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aromatase inhibitor pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Aromatase inhibitors block the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. They can be classified into first-, second- and third-generation drugs. Depending on whether they inactivate the aromatase complex irreversibly or reversibly, they can be further subdivided into type I and II, respectively. Currently, third generation drugs are being used." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000835 .
obo:PW_0000086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell cycle pathway, mitotic" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. The cycle begins with a diploid cell and produces two identical diploid cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001317 .
obo:PW_0002116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citalopram drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of citalopram, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002115 .
obo:PW_0002364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial encephalomyopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A heterogeneous group of disorders triggered by alterations in mitochondria metabolism and resulting in dysfunction in muscle and nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001669 .
obo:PW_0000719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transcription factor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A transcription factor mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of such pathways has been linked to cancer and various other diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000716 .
obo:PW_0001461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amphotericin B pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001459 .
obo:PW_0002713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Interleukin-13 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-13, an interleukin-2 family member, is secreted predominantly by activated T helper cells and is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0001538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cardiovascular system homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0000476 .
obo:PW_0002319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caffeine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of caffeine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Caffeine is an antagonist of adenosine receptors of all types. As such, it stimulates vasomotor and respiratory centers and also promotes neurotransmitter release. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002317 .
obo:PW_0000761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "celecoxib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0001412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nervous system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Any disease that affects the central or peripheral nervous system. It includes disorders of the brain, neurological, neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular disorders, syndromes, dystrophies, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, and others. However, mental or neuropsychiatric disorders are not included." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0001662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anistreplase drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of anistreplase, an antithrombic drug that converts plasminogen to the active plasmin which degrades fibrin (blood clots). Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002152 .
obo:PW_0000518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atherosclerosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway leading to the thickening of medium and large arteries. While lipoprotein related pathways are of interest, monogenic conditions such as those linked to mutations in the laminin gene may also provide clues regarding atherosclerosis pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000517 .
obo:PW_0001198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered kinase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0001193 .
obo:PW_0000802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of dopamine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000409 , obo:PW_0001235 .
obo:PW_0001828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sotalol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sotalol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. It binds and inhibits the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors and is used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0002430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retromer-mediated pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The retromer complex is an important system for the selective cargo sorting for the endosome export pathways, primarily via the retrograde, but also the recycling pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002399 .
obo:PW_0000392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Ras mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Ras mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Ras mediated signaling pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers and deregulation of Ras has been reported even in the absence of mutations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000525 , obo:PW_0001540 .
obo:PW_0000135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metabolic pathway of cofactors, vitamins, nutrients" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cofactors, vitamins and other nutrients. Cofactors are necessary for the proper function of certain proteins and enzymes; they can be inorganic such as the metal ions or the iron-sulfur cluster or organic. Organic compounds that are tightly bound to proteins are also referred to as prosthetic groups. Often, they are or are made from vitamins, compounds that are vital but in small amounts and which are insufficiently synthesized by the organism. Some of these molecules can also perform signaling functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0002224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arbekacin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arbekacin, an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0001681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vindesine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vindesine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001676 .
obo:PW_0000238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Insulin-like growth factor signaling plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. Produced primarily by the liver in response to stimulation by growth hormone (GH), the proteins activate cognate receptors to prompt intracellular signaling pathways and cell growth in a variety of tissues. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with various conditions, including cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 , obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sorafenib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of sorafenib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sorafenib is the first multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001107 .
obo:PW_0002181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prolidase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in collagen metabolism and due to defects in the prolidase PEPD gene. The condition is manifested in skin ulcers and mental retardation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0002180 .
obo:PW_0001516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "organophosphate response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Organophosphates (OPs) represent one of the main classes of pesticides. However, they exert serious adverse effects, primarily affecting the cholinergic nervous system. OPs inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system and periphery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0000328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The family of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) comprises 22 ligands classified into seven phylogenetic subfamilies and three groups by mode of action: the intracellular intracrine and the extracellular paracrine or canonical and endocrine or hormone-like groups. The paracrine subfamilies signal via the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). The endocrine subfamily is FGFR-dependent but the affinity towards the receptors is low and it relies on the Klotho family of transmembrane proteins. The intracrine subfamily is FGFR-independent. Overall, the pathway plays important roles during embryonic and postnatal development, neuromodulation, mineral metabolism and homeostasis. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with neoplastic and metabolic diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0000591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The uptake and efflux routes of iron transport. Several systems mediate uptake of recycled and dietary iron. One system is involved in the efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000593 .
obo:PW_0001367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fumonisin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, transport and/or degradation of fumonisins. These are mycotoxins produced by the fungal genus Fusarium that contaminate crops worldwide, mainly corn." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001365 .
obo:PW_0001752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001751 .
obo:PW_0001524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "paracetamol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of paracetamol, a widely used analgesic, known as acetaminophen (APAP). The analgesic effect is believed to be due to the inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis. Paracetamol overdose is associated with hepatic toxicity and a leading cause of liver failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-196819 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "muscle spasticity disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper motor neuron dysfunction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002340 , obo:PW_0002341 .
obo:PW_0000708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lymphoid leukemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Lymphoid leukemia affects lymphoid tissues and there are increase numbers of circulating lymphoblasts and lymphocytes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000706 .
obo:PW_0002417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Phosphorylation of PtdIns can occur at the 3, 4, and/or 5 position of the inositol ring using one or multiple phosphate groups. These phosphorylated forms of PtdIns are known as phosphoinositides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 .
obo:PW_0000923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nervous system drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the nervous system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0000179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tuberous sclerosis complex disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal dominant condition that often leads to seizure and other neurological symptoms and that may be linked to deregulations in the mTOR signaling pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000178 .
obo:PW_0000766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ifosfamide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ifosfamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ifosfamide is administered as a prodrug and is widely used as an alkylating agent for the treatment of certain cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000764 .
obo:PW_0002263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pindolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pindolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002262 .
obo:PW_0000799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor drug pathway - beta-agonist and beta-blocker" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors drugs - beta-agonists and blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-agonists are used to stimulate while beta-blocker antagonists are used to inhibit these responses, as necessary. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 , obo:PW_0000924 .
obo:PW_0000942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 7 signaling engages chemokine (C-C) motif receptors 1, 2, and 3 (Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketoprofen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ketoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 , obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0000298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those growth factor mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant growth factor mediated pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 , obo:PW_0000264 .
obo:PW_0001647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfite oxidase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive inherited condition resulting from alteration in sulfur metabolism. It exhibits severe neurological symptoms in the neonatal period and is possibly fatal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phase II biotransformation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The phase II biotransformation pathway involves the conjugation of phase I products to various hydrophilic moieties that renders them more suitable for excretion. Various enzyme superfamilies are involved in carrying out the specific conjugation of metabolites." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 , obo:PW_0001229 .
obo:PW_0002257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reteplase pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of reteplase, one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002256 .
obo:PW_0000125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G protein mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "G-proteins act as signal transducers between activated receptors or other incoming signals and downstream effectors. They comprise the heterotrimeric G proteins downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the Ras superfamily of small, monomeric G proteins. They function as molecular switches, alternating between the GDP-inactive and GTP-active bound state." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inorganic chemical homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the proper balance of inorganic chemical levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of inorganic chemical homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a broad class of substances that do not contain carbon. Chemical elements are also included." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0001875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from impaired amino acid metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enalapril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of enalapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001707 .
obo:PW_0002578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered neurotrophic factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000389 , obo:PW_0000571 .
obo:PW_0001817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "molybdenum cofactor deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A disorder resulting from alterations in the molybdenum biosynthetic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001816 .
obo:PW_0001177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Deregulation of the intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and also with mental retardation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001172 , obo:PW_0001173 .
obo:PW_0000737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triacylglycerol degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of triacylglycerols when energy reserves are low, such as in the fasting state, during exercise or in response to stress. Triacylglycerols are the common form of fatty acid transport and storage." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000153 .
obo:PW_0001029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "substance dependence pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glucocerebroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glucocerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Gaucher's disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades glucocerebroside. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000744 , obo:PW_0000748 .
obo:PW_0001137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The C16 palmitate product of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway can be esterifed to triacylglycerol or converted to longer chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules by elongases and desaturases, depending on the needs of the cell. Unsaturated fatty acids are essential membrane components." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000029 .
obo:PW_0001497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinitis pigmentosa pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common form of photoreceptor degeneration with a varied pattern of inheritance that includes autosomal dominant and recessive and X-linked forms. Mutations in components of the visual phototransduction and visual cycle (retinoid) metabolic pathways have been associated with RP manifestations. Other genes and potential miRNAs also play a role. A fraction of RP patients also have Usher syndrome which in addition to vision loss, also involves hearing loss." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001496 .
obo:PW_0000715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 2" ;
rdfs:comment "A vasopressin, receptor type 2 mediated signaling pathway, that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in the pathway have been associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) caused by mutations in the receptor or, more rarely, in aquaporin channel 2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000686 , obo:PW_0000713 .
obo:PW_0001222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forkhead class C signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000647 .
obo:PW_0001763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxyntomodulin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to oxyntomodulin in the intestinal L cells and discrete sets of neurons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001759 .
obo:PW_0001483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered catecholamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A catecholamine signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000798 , obo:PW_0001484 .
obo:PW_0000991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atypical cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The atypical, or unconventional group includes the seven transmembrane (7TM), GPCR-like cadherins with up to nine cadherin repeats along with EGF-like and laminin motifs, the large FAT and the t-Cadherin proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000333 .
obo:PW_0001373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered inhibitor of DNA binding signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inhibitor of DNA signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. In neural cancers, deregulated activity of the pathway has been associated with tumor progression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001372 , obo:PW_0001374 .
obo:PW_0002047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "esmolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of esmolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002046 .
obo:PW_0000750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered isoprenoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An isoprenoid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant isoprenoid metabolism, as evidenced in alterations in cholesterol metabolism, has been associated with a variety of conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000248 , obo:PW_0000483 .
obo:PW_0001472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metabolic disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of a metabolic pathway. It can be due to an inherited defect in an enzyme function and thus congenital, or acquired, when resulting from the failure or malfunctioning of an important metabolic organ." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001583 .
obo:PW_0000805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Trail mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Trail mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations with the death domain of the receptors or deletions within the region containing the receptor genes have been reported for certain types of lymphomas." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000680 , obo:PW_0000682 .
obo:PW_0000896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "type II interferon signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Type II interferon, of which there is only one in humans, binds to distinct receptors that activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway. It is known as interferon gamma signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000894 .
obo:PW_0001549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diabetic angiopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001548 .
obo:PW_0000317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Members of the NFAT family of transcription factors, once de-phosphorylated by calcineurin, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where they induce the transcription of genes involved in the immune response and cell-cell interactions. NFAT signaling is believed to play important roles in the development and function of the cardiovascular system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "threonine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reaction involved in the synthesis of threonine. Threonine is an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001085 .
obo:PW_0001918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naltrexone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of naltrexone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of mu opioid receptor and to a lesser and much lesser extent, the kappa and delta opioid receptors, respectively. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001916 .
obo:PW_0000222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic pathway" .
obo:PW_0000360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypoxia inducible factor pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The hypoxia inducible transcription factor is activated in response to hypoxic conditions to promote the expression of many genes that play important roles in glucose and energy metabolism, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adefovir pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of adefovir. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001616 .
obo:PW_0002726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rRNA modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that encoded genetically." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001574 .
obo:PW_0000507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "estrogen signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Estrogens are C18 steroid hormones that constitute the females sex hormones. Estrogens signal via the estrogen receptor which, once activated, drives the expression of target genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000567 , obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Gaucher's disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Gaucher's disease is caused by defective sphingolipid metabolism and accumulation of glucosylceramide in the brain and other tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002301 .
obo:PW_0001238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indoleamine and related compounds biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000444 , obo:PW_0001234 .
obo:PW_0001064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonate and phosphinate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving phosphonate and phosphinate, organic compounds that contain carbon-phosphorus bonds and which can be synthesized by bacteria and protists." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0002543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydromorphine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dihydrolmorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002542 .
obo:PW_0000345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cerebral arterial diseases pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000344 .
obo:PW_0000126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase I transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events governing the synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor in the nucleolus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001275 .
obo:PW_0002375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "panitumumab pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of panitumumab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002374 .
obo:PW_0000816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG) I-like receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "This family of pattern recognition receptors are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize exogenous cytoplasmic DNA. The signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000925 .
obo:PW_0001929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metoprolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metoprolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001928 .
obo:PW_0002617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the gluconeogenesis pathway due to defects in the cytosolic PCK1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001413 , obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0000269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein folding pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions and molecular interactions underlying the folding of a protein into its functional three-dimensional structure. Folding takes place in the cytoplasm and, in the case of secreted proteins, in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are checked (quality control) for proper folding and misfolded proteins are targeted for degradation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 , obo:PW_0001756 .
obo:PW_0000044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Duplicated Glutamate Metabolism term" ;
rdfs:comment "OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000027." .
obo:PW_0002178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "skin disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001701 .
obo:PW_0000869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gefitinib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gefitinib. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0002297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosphenytoin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fosphenytoin, a prodrug used for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002296 .
obo:PW_0001303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "steroid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of steroids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000248 .
obo:PW_0002406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endosome export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endosome export pathway delivers cargo to the trans Golgi network (TGN) or the plasma membrane via the retrograde and recycling pathways, respectively. An important cargo sorting system for the export pathway, primarily via the retrograde, but also the recycling pathways, is the retromer complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002399 .
obo:PW_0002672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cellular response to heat stress pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. In response to exposure to elevated temperature, cells activate a number of cytoprotective mechanisms known collectively as the \"heat shock response\"." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000237 .
obo:PW_0000150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stilbene, coumarine and lignin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methadone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of methadone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001939 .
obo:PW_0000885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-33 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-33 is the most recently discovered member of the interleukin-1 family. As with the other members of the family, signaling by interleukin-33 plays important roles in inflammation and immunity and may be critical for the development of inflammatory and immune diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000882 .
obo:PW_0001256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrophobic amino acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 , obo:PW_0001254 .
obo:PW_0002428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered synaptic vesicle endocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in any of the mechanisms underlying the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002424 , obo:PW_0002427 .
obo:PW_0001897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrendipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nitrendipine, a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0002218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ocular nonnephropathic cystinosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A variant of the classic nephropathic cystinosis type." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002217 .
obo:PW_0000989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "desmosomal cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Desmosomal cadherins, which can be further subdivided into two subgroups, possess the five cadherin repeats but have distinct cytoplasmic tails." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000333 .
obo:PW_0000022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiomyopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiomyopathy - a general diagnostic term designating primary noninflammatory disease of the heart muscle, often of obscure or unknown etiology and not the result of ischemic, hypertensive, congenital, valvular, or pericardial disease. It is usually subdivided into dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (1). Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the cardiac muscle of the heart wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 .
obo:PW_0001639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amiloride pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amiloride. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001638 .
obo:PW_0002019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathione synthase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutamine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered tumor necrosis factor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered Tnf signaling has been implicated in many human diseases - cerebral malaria, cancer, multiple sclerosis - are a few examples." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000233 , obo:PW_0000616 , obo:PW_0000680 .
obo:PW_0002459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dermatological drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions related to skin, hair and nails. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0001360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA damage response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The response mechanism/pathways that assure the maintenance of genomic integrity. This involves detection of DNA damage, signaling and amplification of the signal leading to activation of effectors and resulting in repair of damage, cell cycle arrest or, if necessary, cell death. Such response mechanism/pathways may operate collectively with some of their components being shared." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000514 .
obo:PW_0001227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Stem Cell Factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Stem Cell Factor (SCF) signaling pathway plays important roles in cell migration, proliferation and survival. SCF activates the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase which then prompts several intracellular signaling pathways. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions including cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0000104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intrinsic apoptotic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The apoptotic pathway involving organelles, primarily the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and involving the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl family of proteins, cytochrome C, formation of the apoptosome and activation of caspases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000009 .
obo:PW_0002701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epigenetic regulation of gene expression pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in modulating the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure or nucleosomal histones, cytosine methylation of DNA or RNA interference. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001337 .
obo:PW_0002044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etacrynic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etacrynic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002043 .
obo:PW_0000385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G2/M DNA replication checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA. Un-replicated DNA signals to block the cell cycle from proceeding. The mechanism by which the cell detects un-replicated DNA is not known." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000096 .
obo:PW_0001267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histidine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of histidine. Histidine degradation provides a source of nitrogen and is carried out in microorganisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000051 , obo:PW_0001259 .
obo:PW_0002304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indometacin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of indometacin. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002303 .
obo:PW_0001296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostanoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostanoids are eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids and represented by several families. One such source is the arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase mediated route. Several categories of prostanoids can be generated and signaling via several receptor types elicits a range of physiological responses. Historically, they are viewed as mediators of inflammation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000565 .
obo:PW_0002521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyroid hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The major thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) or tetraidothyronine and triiodothyronine (T3) are the major thyroid hormones produced via processing of thyroglobulin precursor. T3 is the active hormone and is derived from T4 by the action of deiodinases." .
obo:PW_0000244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin II signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin II signaling pathways play a critical role in the control of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. Angiotensin II pathway can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000245 .
obo:PW_0000564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "androgen signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Androgens are C19 steroids that constitutes the male sex hormones. They are also the precursors of female sex hormones, the estrogens. Testosterone and its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone bind to androgen receptors to then translocate to the nucleus and activate the transcription of target genes. Many regulators, both activators and repressors, have been identified. Upregulation of receptor activity has been implicated in prostate cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000567 , obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0000356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxygen homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways involved in responding to changes in and maintenance of adequate oxygen levels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001692 .
obo:PW_0001608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosinemia type I pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Type I tyrosinemia results from defects in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the tyrosine degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001607 .
obo:PW_0000915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-23 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-23, an interleukin-12 family member, is a heterodimeric, inflammatory cytokine important in T helper cell effector cytokine secretion and proliferation; it also stimulates angiogenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000913 .
obo:PW_0001973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isradipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of isradipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001972 .
obo:PW_0001636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alteplase pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alteplase, one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001635 .
obo:PW_0000251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diterpenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of diterpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modifed in manifold ways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000184 .
obo:PW_0000033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "energy metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions and pathways whose role is to release or provide energy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0001336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CDP-choline pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "CDP-choline is one of the three distinct pathways of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. A second has been better studied in yeast while the third has only been identified in certain bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000878 .
obo:PW_0000542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "AMPK senses changes in cellular energy as an ATP/AMP ratio. AMP binding allosterically activates AMPK; subsequent phosphorylation events lead to repression of energy consuming pathways. One target of AMPK is the mTOR signaling pathway. AMPK activates the inhibitory Tsc2 while inhibiting the mTorc1 complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000541 .
obo:PW_0002539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxybuprocaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxybuprocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic, particularly in ophtalmology and otolaryngology. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002159 , obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0000233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tumor necrosis factor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling plays pivotal roles in immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by activating several pathways. NF-kB is a major pathway activated by Tnf; others include JNK and P38 MAPK. Through receptor-associated adapters, Tnf elicits apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway. Deregulation of Tnf signaling has been implicated in a great number of human diseases - cerebral malaria, cancer and multiple sclerosis are a few examples." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000106 , obo:PW_0000236 , obo:PW_0000926 .
obo:PW_0002532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metachromatic leukodystrophy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in cerebroside metabolism due to defects in the cerebroside sulfatase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002301 , obo:PW_0002531 .
obo:PW_0001980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hepatic porphyria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of metabolic conditions due to alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway in the liver. They are further classified depending on the enzymes that are deficient or the site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001413 , obo:PW_0001784 .
obo:PW_0002087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diclofenac pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of diclofenac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used for the treatment of various joint diseases and in pain management. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002085 .
obo:PW_0001513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carboplatin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of carboplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug used in the treatment of solid tumors. It is not as effective as cisplatin and while exerting less severe side affects, it can lead to myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001507 .
obo:PW_0001835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "roxatidine acetate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of roxatidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001834 .
obo:PW_0000335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transforming growth factor-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Alone or in combination with other pathways they underlie many conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and various types of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000298 , obo:PW_0000329 .
obo:PW_0001345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cardiolipin, a molecule important for mitochondrial function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001344 .
obo:PW_0001651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antithrombotic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are further classified depending on the blood clotting processes they affect. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000922 .
obo:PW_0000172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Kennedy's disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000171 .
obo:PW_0002058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eprosartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eprosartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0000444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indoleamine and related compounds metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Any of a number of indole derivatives containing an amine group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000211 , obo:PW_0000436 .
obo:PW_0002444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxycodone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxycodone, a semi-synthetic opioid and a narcotic analgesic indicated for relief of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tumor necrosis factor member 13 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tumor necrosis factor member 13 also known as April, binds the tumor necrosis factor receptor member 13B known as Taci and receptor member 17 known as Bcma of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the B cells of the immune system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000236 .
obo:PW_0001464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "losartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of losartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001462 .
obo:PW_0000847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate signaling pathway via metabotropic glutamate receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Glutamate signaling via the various metabotropic, G protein-coupled receptors plays important roles in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Based on their structure and physiological function, the receptors have been classified into three groups. Group I receptors couple to Galphaq, group II and III couple to Galphai" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000844 .
obo:PW_0000830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CXC chemokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The CXC family members are characterized by the presence of two cysteine resides separated by one amino acid. CXC and CC are the two most prominent families. This family of chemokines is also subdivided into two subgroups: the one with the ELR motif - ELR (+) and the one without - ELR(-), respectively. Generally, ELR(+) and ELR(-) members bind to distinct chemokine, G-coupled protein, receptors. The effects of their signaling is for the most part angiogenic or angiostatic, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000829 .
obo:PW_0002685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic sister chromatid segregation pathway" .
obo:PW_0000654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily exerts essential roles in signaling pathways. The coordinated interplay of tyrosine kinase mediated phosphorylation and tyrosine phosphatase mediated dephosphorylation of substrates shapes the functional topology of signaling networks. The PTP superfamily is composed of four families." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000652 .
obo:PW_0001502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mechanotransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mechanostransduction pathway involves the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal whose processing underlies proprioception, hearing, balance and touch. Auditory and cytoskeleton mechanotransduction are examples." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of procaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. It also has anti--inflammatory and mood enhancing effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0001007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin A homeostasis" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of vitamin A and vitamin A metabolites uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells, tissues and organs. 11-cis retinal is the visual chromophore while retinoic acid signaling through its nuclear receptors transcription factors exerts the rest and manifold functions of vitamin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001006 .
obo:PW_0002589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chondrodysplasia punctata pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A heterogeneous group of conditions with recessive, dominant, and X-linked forms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002590 .
obo:PW_0001886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentazocine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pentazocine, an opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001885 .
obo:PW_0002098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fumaric aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A severe autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from defects in the fumarate hydratase enzyme and manifesting in early-onset hypotonia, psychomotor and brain abnormalities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 , obo:PW_0002097 .
obo:PW_0000007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway groups several serine/threonine protein kinase mediated cascades in response to a number of extracellular stimuli. A characteristic feature of these cascades is the presence of at least three kinases in series leading to the activation of a multifunctional MAP kinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 , obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0000713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 2" ;
rdfs:comment "Vasopressin signaling via receptor type 2 plays a central role in water homeostasis by regulating the translocation of Aqp2 channel. The receptor couples to Gs alpha subunit leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase, production of cyclic AMP and triggering of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA regulates both the translocation and the expression of the channel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000491 .
obo:PW_0001047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Leishmaniasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Leishmania is a protozoan parasite and a number of its species can infect mammals, including humans. While cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, others such as visceral or mucosal have also been reported. The infection results in alterations in a number of host signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "syndecan signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Syndecan family of proteoglycans appears to be involved in cell-adhesion, particularly cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling and to integrate with the integrin pathway. They also appear to integrate directional cues important for neuronal migration, axon guidance and synapse formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000646 , obo:PW_0000657 .
obo:PW_0002490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycine signaling is primarily inhibitory. The glycine receptor is ligand-gated ion channel that exerts its effects via chloride currents." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000456 .
obo:PW_0001806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited disorder resulting from alteration in the urea cycle metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling involves more than 20 proteins involved in embryonic and postnatal development and for some members, also acting as hormones in the adult. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in a number of neoplastic and metabolic conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000298 , obo:PW_0000328 .
obo:PW_0002084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "didanosine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of didanosine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Didanosine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Didanosine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002082 .
obo:PW_0000884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-18 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-18 signaling plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In the central nervous system (CNS), Il-18 and its receptors have been shown to play a role in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes as well as behavior and homeostasis. In addition, Il-18 may be a mediator of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000882 .
obo:PW_0001075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrophilic amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving hydrophilic, polar amino acids. The hydrophilic amino acids include the negatively charged (acidic) aspartic acid and glutamic acid whose salts are glutamate and aspartate, respectively, the positively charged (basic) lysine and arginine and the uncharged polar asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, serine and threonine. Histidine, whose side chain contains an imidazole can shift from positively charged to neutral." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 .
obo:PW_0000429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered metabolic pathway of cofactors, vitamins, nutrients" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0002268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zoledronate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of zoledronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0000472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway appears to elicit cardiovascular, renal and endocrine functions similar to those elicited by the atrial natriuretic peptide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000470 .
obo:PW_0002230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atenolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of atenotolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 .
obo:PW_0000294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrations in the pathway have been implicated in a number of diseases. Examples include certain malignancies, disorders of the immune and inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000144 , obo:PW_0000418 .
obo:PW_0000648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell adhesion signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cell adhesion signaling pathway conveys information between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) using cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). While many CAMs appear to be specialized for either cell-cell or cell-ECM communication, integrin family of receptors mediates both types of signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzoate degradation pathway via CoA ligation" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the anaerobic pathway of benzoate degradation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000282 .
obo:PW_0000093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "M/G1 transition pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying progression out of mitosis and division into two daughter cells. It requires the inactivation of cyclinB-cdc2 by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis." .
obo:PW_0000998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenosine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Adenosine signaling is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes. It uses four receptors of the GPCR family that activate the Gaphas or Galphai types of G proteins to increase or decrease the levels of cAMP. The adenosine receptors are a class of purinergic or purinoreceptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000997 .
obo:PW_0001987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imipramine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of imipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression and its effect results from inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001985 .
obo:PW_0001584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "avitaminosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions caused by inadequate levels of one or more essential vitamins due to defects in their metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001601 .
obo:PW_0002192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bupivacaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bupivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0000012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotides. Nucleotides, which are the units of DNA and RNA, can also play important roles in cellular energy, enzyme regulation as well as serve as signaling molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0002528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magnesium salicylate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of magnesium salicylate, used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0000553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of glucose levels, transport and processing as demanded by the needs of the cells, tissues and organs. Glucose is an important and the most efficient fuel source. Disruption of glucose homeostasis underlies many complex disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001691 .
obo:PW_0002320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trichlormethiazide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of trichlormethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0000852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine signaling pathway via D2 family of receptors" ;
rdfs:comment "Dopamine signaling via D2-like family of receptors engages the Galphai family of G proteins leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. Dopamine receptors 2, 3 and 4 belong to this family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000394 .
obo:PW_0000075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and which are intimately related. Although the body can not manufacture phenylalanine on its own, phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine. Phenylalanine together with tryptophan governs the release of an intestinal hormone - cholecystokinin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0001695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valdecoxib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of valdecoxib, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001694 .
obo:PW_0000704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lung small cell carcinoma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive type of lung cancer. Several pathways appear to be deregulated and they include the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling and changes in oncogene transcription factors such as Myc and p53." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000703 .
obo:PW_0000415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "proteasome degradation pathway involving cullin-dependent ubiquitin ligases" ;
rdfs:comment "A proteasome degradation pathway mediated by cullins. Cullins are components of E3 ligase complexes and substrates for Nedd8 - a ubiquitin-like molecule. Neddylation is thought to modulate the activity of cullins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000144 .
obo:PW_0000262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0000072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three, dietary essential, branched amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0000194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "O-linked glycan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of O-linked glycans. Sugars are serially added to a fully synthesized polypeptide chain. The initial step involves the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to the carboxy group of a serine or threonine. The location of the residue appears to be dictated by structure rather than amino acid signature." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000146 .
obo:PW_0000643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycogen metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycogen metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000305 , obo:PW_0000533 .
obo:PW_0000637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein modification pathway in the secretory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the secretory pathway, the protein modification pathway involves the appropriate modification of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. It also provides for processing of the pro-forms of proteins into their mature form." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002715 .
obo:PW_0000572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway plays important roles in the growth, differentiation and survival of neurons, particularly the striatal neurons. BDNF signals via the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) to activate PKC, PI3K-AKT and MAPK/ERK intracellular pathways. Impaired BDNF signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of conditions such as Huntington Disease (HD) and psychiatric disorders. Upregulation, on the other hand, is associated with several malignancies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000571 .
obo:PW_0002151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anticoagulant drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001651 .
obo:PW_0000596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered insulin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An insulin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of insulin signaling can have profound health consequences due to its potential to alter glucose and energy homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000143 , obo:PW_0000359 , obo:PW_0000511 , obo:PW_0000594 .
obo:PW_0000683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "integrin mediated cell-cell signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cell-cell signaling pathway mediated by integrins, a family of receptors that convey both 'outside-in' and 'inside-out' signals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000286 , obo:PW_0000332 .
obo:PW_0000002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "classic metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various, enzyme-controlled, series of reactions allowing for the conversion of materials, energy availability and biodegradation of xenobiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000001 .
obo:PW_0002358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neurodevelopmental disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of mental disorders whose onset is in the developmental period." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000240 .
obo:PW_0002628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bortezomib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bortezomib. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002627 .
obo:PW_0001578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "5'-end pre-mRNA capping pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "5'-end capping occurs earlier in transcription and, along with phosphorylation of pol II, promotes productive elongation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001569 .
obo:PW_0000035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ATP biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP synthesis is coupled to the electron transfer or respiratory chain pathway which generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the phosphorylation of ADP. The coupling of the two pathways is called oxidative phosphorylation. Under certain circumstances however, the two may be uncoupled." .
obo:PW_0001705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Refsum disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder due to alterations in peroxisomal metabolic pathways manifesting in hearing loss and impaired vision." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0001798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "telmisartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of telmisartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001796 .
obo:PW_0002386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clomipramine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of clomipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002385 .
obo:PW_0001233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzo(a)pyrene metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reaction involved in handling this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon whose metabolites are mutagenic and carcinogenic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001438 .
obo:PW_0001846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rabeprazole drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000918 .
obo:PW_0001796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "telmisartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of essential hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0000183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "the proteolytic pathway involving calcium-dependent proteases" ;
rdfs:comment "A protein degradation pathway that involves calcium-dependent proteases (e.g., calpains) ," ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000325 .
obo:PW_0000735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered sphingolipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A sphingolipid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered sphingolipid metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000197 , obo:PW_0000483 .
obo:PW_0001054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "influenza A pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The influenza A virus is the causative agent of seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics of influenza which affects the respiratory system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0002072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lactose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the synthesis of lactose, the major sugar in milk." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001363 .
obo:PW_0001598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acenocoumarol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002325 .
obo:PW_0000083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-alanine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of alanine. D-alanine can be found in bacterial cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0002696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chondroitin sulfate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide occurring in sulfated form in various animal tissues (such as cartilage)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0001014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinoic acid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Retinoic acid, a vitamin A-derived metabolite, plays important roles in development and cell differentiation. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) binds to nuclear RA (RARs) and X (RXRs) receptor subtypes that once activated act as transcription factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001116 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amphotericin B drug pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001202 .
obo:PW_0001093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bile acid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Bile acid binds to and activates several nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X and liver X receptors as well as a cell surface G-protein- coupled receptor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0000959 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0000202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair" ;
rdfs:comment "A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. It is involved in repair of breaks induced by damaging agents or generated during meiotic recombination." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000663 .
obo:PW_0000374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alternate pathways of glutathione conjugates processing" ;
rdfs:comment "Pathways of glutathione conjugates processing other than the mercapturic acid pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000373 .
obo:PW_0000388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Reelin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The reelin signaling pathway regulates neuronal positioning and may also play a role in synaptic plasticity. The reelin gene appears to be downregulated in schizophrenic brains but the link between the reelin pathway and the disease remains to be established." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 , obo:PW_0000656 .
obo:PW_0002213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of renal tubular transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Conditions resulting from genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport pathways of kidney tubules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 , obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0001640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amiloride pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of amiloride-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the epithelial sodium channels and is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001638 .
obo:PW_0001567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA processing pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various pathways whereby initial RNA transcripts are processed into their mature, functional forms and those involved in removing excess or erroneous RNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ovarian cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Several susceptibility genes have been identified and they have a role to play in pathways involved in or regulating proliferation, DNA repair and apoptosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000606 .
obo:PW_0001150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fc receptor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fc receptors mediated signaling exerts important regulatory and modulatory roles in immunity. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize. They are widely expressed on immune system cells and a number of other cell types. With one exception, they mediate activating signaling cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000235 , obo:PW_0000820 .
obo:PW_0000722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "warfarin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of warfarin. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002325 .
obo:PW_0002246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prilocaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of prilocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug exerts its effects by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002244 .
obo:PW_0001249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nifedipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nifedipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, particularly the L-type channel. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001247 .
obo:PW_0000813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered microRNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A microRNA pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An altered miRNA pathway has been implicated in many diseases including various forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000808 , obo:PW_0000812 .
obo:PW_0000458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin IV signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin IV is derived from angiotensin III through the action of aminopeptidase N. The receptor for angiotensin IV has been shown to be the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase. Studies suggest that angiotensin IV signaling activates a number of intracellular second messenger systems and plays a role in vascular remodeling and memory." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000245 .
obo:PW_0001110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sunitinib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sunitinib, a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancer, in particular for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "substance P metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of substance P - a short-chain polypeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000447 .
obo:PW_0000531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin III signaling pathway via AT2 receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "The role of angiotensin type 2 receptor is less well understood. In rats, angiotensin III can mediate natriuresis through the activation of receptor type 2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000457 .
obo:PW_0002106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "desmosterolosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive disorder likely resulting from alteration in cholesterol metabolism. Desmosterol, a precursor of cholesterol, is present in elevated amounts." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0001371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "basic helix-loop-helix signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Basic helix-loop-helix proteins represent a large superfamily of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in growth and development as well as environmental responses. Phylogenetically, they are classified into six clades of which the sixth, also referred to as clade F only contains plant genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0002027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forasartsn pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of forasartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002025 .
obo:PW_0001187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 1 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001186 .
obo:PW_0000399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "remethylation pathway of homocysteine metabolism - cobalamin dependent" ;
rdfs:comment "The predominant route of homocysteine remethylation to methionine that requires the 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate 1 carbon donor and as such, engages folate metabolism." .
obo:PW_0002666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fructose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000041 .
obo:PW_0001318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell cycle pathway, meiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events that take place in the germ cells resulting in the production of four non-identical haploid cells from each diploid cell that enters the cycle. Meiosis involves chromosomal pairing and exchange of DNA segments or recombination." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001317 .
obo:PW_0001595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abacavir drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of abacavir, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0000928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tocilizumab drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tocilizumab is a humanized anti-interleukin 6 (Il-6) receptor antibody used in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Tocilizumab binds to the soluble and membrane associated interleukin-6 receptor and competitively blocks binding of interleukin-6 to its receptor(s) and inhibits the effects of this potent cytokine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0001962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial protein import pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide most of the ATP fuel for the cell, are the site of several important metabolic pathways and play essential roles in calcium storage, signaling and apoptosis. Of the many proteins involved, only 13 are encoded in the mammalian mitochondrial DNA. The remaining ~99% of mitochondrial proteins are translocated from the cytosol via a complex, multicomponent pathway system. Mitochondria-encoded proteins are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix into the inner mitochondrial membrane by a single system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000535 .
obo:PW_0000483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered lipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those lipid metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie a number of diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0001991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting from alterations in the glycogen metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0000873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erlotinib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of erlotinib. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000872 .
obo:PW_0002331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enoxaparin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of enoxaparin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002330 .
obo:PW_0000249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides, also known as lipoglycans, found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. They are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond. In host cells they act as endotoxins which are recognized by members of the Toll-like receptors to elicit strong immune responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000876 .
obo:PW_0000698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyroid cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Thyroid cancer refers to one of several types of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland of which papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent, accounting for almost 80% of all cases. The other types include follicular, medullary and anaplastic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000631 , obo:PW_0000700 .
obo:PW_0001217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pralatrexate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pralatrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001216 .
obo:PW_0001801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulindac pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of sulindac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sulindac is thought to interfere with prostaglandin synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001799 .
obo:PW_0001430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lamivudine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV type 1 and 2 and Hepatitis B virus. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0000310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty necrosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fatty necrosis results from the action of lipases on fatty tissues (e.g. acute pancreatitis)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000279 .
obo:PW_0000463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism" ;
rdfs:comment "Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase pathway is one the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000460 .
obo:PW_0000583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The orexin/hypocretin signaling appears to play a role in the stimulation of food intake. Alterations of the system are associated with the narcolepsy sleep disorder." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0000287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered apoptotic cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those apoptotic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of programmed cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000009 , obo:PW_0001559 .
obo:PW_0002111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cimetidine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cimetidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002110 .
obo:PW_0001951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mefenamic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mefenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat mild to moderate pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0001289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carotene metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of carotenes, collectively referring to several related unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are synthesized by plants. Some are vitamin precursors, such as the beta-carotene precursor of vitamin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0001604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orotic aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway resulting in excessive excretion of orotic acid. The inborn metabolic condition is primarily due to deficiency in the bifunctional uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthetase enzyme. Orotic aciduria is also due to ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and its hyperammonemia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0001329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "guanosine diphosphate mannose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of guanosine diphosphate mannose, a nucleotide sugar." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000055 .
obo:PW_0002477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. In several countries the drug was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002476 .
obo:PW_0000632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bone cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0000914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-12 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-12 signaling activates the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade and promotes the differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells and the production of interferon-gamma." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000913 .
obo:PW_0002286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilostazol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0000863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrimidine salvage pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis, mostly used in resting and differentiated cells, allows for the synthesis of pyrimidines from intermediates derived from DNA and RNA degradation pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000861 .
obo:PW_0001787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tranexamic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tranexamic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001786 .
obo:PW_0000755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzodiazepine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of benzodiazepines, a class of drugs acting upon the central nervous system. The drugs are administered as sedatives and also as antiepileptics. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002295 .
obo:PW_0000672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000671 .
obo:PW_0002416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylserine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylserine, an essential component of the membrane, also with roles in signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 .
obo:PW_0002207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "autonomic nervous system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Conditions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0000746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered sphingomyelin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A sphingomyelin metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Niemann-Pick disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades sphingomyelin. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000735 , obo:PW_0000745 .
obo:PW_0001785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "variegate porphyria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "One of several liver porphyrias, all resulting from alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Here, the deficient enzyme is protoporphyrinogen oxidase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001980 .
obo:PW_0001505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mechanotransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0001502 .
obo:PW_0000795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 1" ;
rdfs:comment "Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 1 receptors couple to the Galphaq subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000791 .
obo:PW_0001441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gout pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. Elements of the gout pathway potentially contributory to the disease are urate excretion by renal transporters where mutations in these genes can increase the risk of gout, hepatic production of urate, urate crystal formation in joints and initiation of the inflammatory response." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001440 .
obo:PW_0000341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Notch signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes, macromolecules that act upon the main players. They include proteases, elements of the proteo- and glucosaminoglycan metabolic pathways, ubiquitin ligases, other proteins that modulate availability, sensitivity, endocytosis of ligands/receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000324 .
obo:PW_0001468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibuprofen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 , obo:PW_0001170 , obo:PW_0001202 , obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0001947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mepivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of mepivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts mainly as a blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001945 .
obo:PW_0000838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tamoxifen pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tamoxifen - a SERM anti-estrogen drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. For instance, variation in CYP2D6, an important enzyme for the production of a primary drug metabolite, impacts on the available concentration of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000837 .
obo:PW_0002021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Krabbe disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of galactosylceramidase leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as galactosylceramides and psychosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002300 .
obo:PW_0000994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered classical cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000338 , obo:PW_0000988 .
obo:PW_0002188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorothiazide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of chlorothiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002186 .
obo:PW_0002488 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 1" ;
rdfs:comment "Vasopressin signaling via receptor type 1 couples to Gq alpha subunit leading to stimulation of phospholipase C beta, subsequent generation of second messengers and increase in intracellular calcium resulting in vasoconstriction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000491 .
obo:PW_0000460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arachidonic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or conversion of arachidonic acid - a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a precursor in the production of eicosanoids and can also be converted to other metabolites, collectively known as the arachidonic acid cascade." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000058 .
obo:PW_0002621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Deregulation of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2) signaling pathway has been associated with several conditions, including neurodegeneration and cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000369 , obo:PW_0002620 .
obo:PW_0000290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered pathway pertinent to DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in and/or controlling DNA replication, cell cycle, DNA repair and preservation of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Such aberrant pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 , obo:PW_0000263 .
obo:PW_0000978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 8, also known as interleukin-8 (Il-8), although a chemokine, engages receptor 1 and 2 to promote angiogenic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0001082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arginine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arginine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0002274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in leucine metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate - a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of over 200 polychlorinated biphenyls." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0002438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital limb deformities pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Congenital structural deformities caused by alterations in a number of pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001593 .
obo:PW_0002336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antiarrhythmic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used in the treatment of arrythmias. Some beta receptor and channel blockers may also act as antiarrhythmic agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0000614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transforming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A transfoming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered TGF-beta Smad dependent signaling has been implicated in vascular conditions and tumorigenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000490 , obo:PW_0000613 , obo:PW_0000673 .
obo:PW_0002455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxymorphone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of oxymorphone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts on the mu-opioid receptor and to a lesser extent, the delta receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002453 .
obo:PW_0001998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondria fission pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The events leading to fission of mitochondria. Fission allows mitochondria to divide and grow and also to isolate and remove defective organelles." .
obo:PW_0002040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etodolac drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etodolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycan metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycans. Glycans are a class of compounds that include oligo- and polysaccharides, simple sugars or polymeric structures of mono- or di-saccharides, respectively. The term also refers to the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "furosemide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of furosemide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002014 .
obo:PW_0001213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pemetrexed drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of permetrexed, an antifolate originally designed as a thymidylate synthase inhibitor but which also has inhibitory effects on other enzymes involved in the folate cycle and/or folate mediated one-carbon transfer reactions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway via orexin/hypocretin receptor 2" ;
rdfs:comment "Orexin/hypocretin signaling through receptor 2 couples to Galphaq and the inhibitory Galphai classes of G proteins. Orexin/hypocretin receptor 2 binds both orexin A and B derived from the prepro-orexin precursor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000583 .
obo:PW_0001907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "olmesartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0001031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amphetamine addiction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Amphetamine is believed to promote an elevation in extracellular dopamine. Higher and high levels of the drug lead to overactivation of transcription factors and cofactors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001029 .
obo:PW_0001557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "programmed cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Programmed cell death pathways group together several types that can be described as apoptotic or non-apoptotic, based on morphological characteristics. The common feature is their highly regulated nature, as opposed to accidental, non-programmed cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000275 .
obo:PW_0000418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000326 , obo:PW_0000417 .
obo:PW_0001003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving the fat-soluble vitamin A and its metabolites. Vitamin A, retinol and vitamin A activities of metabolites such as retinal and retinoic acids are essential for visual transduction as well as for neuro and immune system functions and epithelial differentiation. Plants and microorganisms can synthesize vitamin A de novo while higher organisms derive it from diet as precursors of carotenoids or retinyl esters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000406 , obo:PW_0002665 .
obo:PW_0002745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide salvage pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in converting nucleosides and free bases, generated by RNA and DNA breakdown, back into nucleotide monophosphates, allowing them to re-enter the pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis and interconversion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000012 .
obo:PW_0002083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "didanosine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of didanosine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Didanosine triphosphate is the active form of the drug which is intracellularly metabolized. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002082 .
obo:PW_0002037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "famotidine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of famotidine - a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0002235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "malabsorption syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The group of syndromes resulting from failure of normal intestinal absorption of nutrients." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001472 , obo:PW_0002366 .
obo:PW_0000792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 1" ;
rdfs:comment "Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 1 receptors couple to the Galphaq subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000790 .
obo:PW_0000060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "long term potentiation" ;
rdfs:comment "Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a strengthening of the synapse that can last from hours to days and months. It is thought to underlie information storage and constitute the cellular basis of learning and memory. LTP engages numerous cascades of events on either side of the synapse and is accompanied by changes in gene expression." .
obo:PW_0000212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "choline metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Choline metabolism is important for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in mammalian cells. Its oxidation results in the production of betaine, an important methyl donor. In the brain, it is converted to the powerful neurotransmitter acetylcholine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000211 .
obo:PW_0000157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycosaminoglycan metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosaminoglycans - any of several high molecular weight linear polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units. In many cases, the unit consists of an amino sugar and a uronic acid. When aggregating with proteins, they form proteoglycans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000146 .
obo:PW_0001812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mevalonic aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defects in mevalonate kinase, one of the two kinases sequentially phosphorylating mevalonate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stress response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway(s) elicited as a physiological response to various types of insults, injuries, shocks and other situations the organism perceives as threatening." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0000448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuropeptide Y metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neuropeptide Y." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000447 .
obo:PW_0000295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered integrin mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An integrin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant integrin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. An example is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that involves integrins and the synergy between integrins and growth factors. Aberrant integrin signaling has also been correlated with tumor progression in several cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000286 , obo:PW_0000671 .
obo:PW_0001888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pantoprazole drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000918 .
obo:PW_0002369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "immunosuppressant drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used as immunosupressants. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000919 .
obo:PW_0000561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The sodium-glucose or the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters are characterized by the presence of 14 transmembrane alpha-helices. The N- and C-termini are responsible for permeating sodium and sugar, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000554 .
obo:PW_0001115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-visual phototransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A signaling cascade triggered by light in the visible and red spectrum whose sensor appears to be cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the electron transfer chain, and which relies on a retrograde mitochondrion-to-nucleus pathway that translates in the upregulation of various genes. Unlike the visual phototransduction, this pathway does not require vitamin A metabolites." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001008 .
obo:PW_0000241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "schizophrenia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and emotion. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek words schizo, (split or divide) and phrenos, (mind) and is best translated as 'shattered mind'." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000240 .
obo:PW_0002392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tioguanine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tioguanine, a drug used to treat several leukemia types, ulcerative colitis and some autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amino acid neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000407 .
obo:PW_0002281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "various drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "One of the subgroups of the Therapeutic Chemical Classification System developed by WHO for grouping drugs acting as antidotes, chelators, detoxifying agents, and others. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of such agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0000995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered E-cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000992 , obo:PW_0000994 .
obo:PW_0001670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sarcosinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutations in sarcosine dehydrogenase resulting in alterations of sarcosine metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001669 .
obo:PW_0001603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-ureidopropionase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare, autosomal recessive inborn metabolic disease caused by alterations in pyrimidine metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001414 , obo:PW_0001589 , obo:PW_0001611 .
obo:PW_0001882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pirenzepine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pirenzepine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0001722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benazepril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of benazepril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0002464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamazepine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of carbamazepine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002463 .
obo:PW_0002185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lysine, an essential amino acid." .
obo:PW_0000080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Duplicated term - Selenoamino acid metabolism" ;
rdfs:comment "OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133" .
obo:PW_0002353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trastuzumab pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of trastuzumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor 2, overexpressed in certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002351 .
obo:PW_0002241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxeprenolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxeprenolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002240 .
obo:PW_0001284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and/or conversion of tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid. Tyrosine is the precursor of several neurotransmitters and hormones. Tyrosine can also be degraded to acetoacetate and fumarate. In plants, tyrosine is the precursor of several families of secondary metabolites." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000052 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0002054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythromycin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ertthromycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with bacterial growth via incompletely understood mechanisms. It is used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002052 .
obo:PW_0000063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, as depicted in the KEGG diagram." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000665 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galactokinase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A galactosemia resulting from defects in the galactokinase enzyme GALK1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002091 .
obo:PW_0000468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "steroid hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "steroid hormones - steroids that act as hormones - can be grouped into several categories depending on the receptor to which they bind." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000469 .
obo:PW_0000740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unsaturated fatty acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of unsaturated fatty acids requires additional enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000642 .
obo:PW_0001771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tenofovir drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tenofovir, an antirfetroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection and hepatitis B. It is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0001871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysinuric protein intolerance pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A disorder resulting from an impaired transport pathway of positively charged amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - agents often used to treat angina and relatively selective for myocardium. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001892 .
obo:PW_0001295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leukotriene signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Leukotriene are eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. One such source is arachidonic acid metabolism via the 5-lipoxygenase-mediated route. Leukotriene signaling plays a major role in inflammation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000565 .
obo:PW_0002311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxepin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of doxepin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002310 .
obo:PW_0002080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diflunisal pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diflunisal. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002079 .
obo:PW_0001479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the most severe disorder of steroid hormone biosynthesis, is caused by a defect in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first step in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. All affected individuals are phenotypic females with a severe salt-losing syndrome that is fatal if not treated in early infancy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001478 .
obo:PW_0001463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "losartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of losartan. The drug is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001462 .
obo:PW_0001802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxorubicin response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by administration of doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin is primarily manifested in its cardiotoxic effect that can lead to heart failure, Possible causes are reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired iron homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0002163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moexipril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moexipril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0001419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abciximab pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of abciximab, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001418 .
obo:PW_0001541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered G protein mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000125 , obo:PW_0000264 .
obo:PW_0000023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "immune response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Immune response pathways mediate the defense of host cells against infection and injury. The first line of defense is provided by the phylogenetically older innate immune response. The later, more versatile response is provided by the pathways of adaptive immunity: the B cell mediated humoral and the T cell mediated cellular or cell-mediated responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0001747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tobramycin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tobramycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Kanamycin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001745 .
obo:PW_0002409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endosome maturation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Early to late endosome maturation pathway is a state of flux associated with changes in component composition, such as particular Rab proteins and lipids such as phosphoinositides, increase in the number of intraluminal vesicles, luminal acidification and movement along microtubules. Along this continuum, sorting and trafficking of cargo takes place." .
obo:PW_0001255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrophilic amino acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 , obo:PW_0001254 .
obo:PW_0000700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endocrine gland cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the adrenal gland, ovaries and pancreas, pituitary and thyroid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0001071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Follicle-stimulating hormone signaling is important for the normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. It acts synergistically with the lutenizing hormone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procainamide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of procainamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001858 .
obo:PW_0001711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ramipril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ramipril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001710 .
obo:PW_0001393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "starch and cellulose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of starch and cellulose, two related polymers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001391 .
obo:PW_0002654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethanol oxidation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is oxidized to acetate. This is then condensed with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0001020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "basal cell carcinoma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer that is mostly sporadic. Hedgehog signaling pathway via sonic hedgehog appears to be constitutively active. Mutations in Tp53 are also frequent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000633 .
obo:PW_0001036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dilated cardiomyopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart is weakened and enlarged resulting in inefficient blood pumping. Although mostly occurring in adults, it can also affect children." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000022 .
obo:PW_0001580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lncRNA maturation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001568 .
obo:PW_0001760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucagon biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The processing of preproglucagon precursor that gives to the glucagon hormone in the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001759 .
obo:PW_0000441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of epinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000443 .
obo:PW_0000780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C18-steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C18-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, a C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting material for the C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C18 class is represented by estrogens. The major natural estrogens are beta-estradiol - the primary estrogen, the estrone of menopause and the estriol of pregnancy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000040 .
obo:PW_0000613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A trasforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered Tgf-b signaling, primarily the well characterized SMAD dependent pathway, has been implicated in numerous conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000206 , obo:PW_0000335 .
obo:PW_0000258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracycline biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tetracyclines - any of a group of biosynthetic antibiotics. Some are isolated from certain species of Streptomyces and others are produced semisynthetically." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hepatitis B virus infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the causative agent of hepatitis B, an inflammatory condition of the liver affecting people in parts of Asia and Africa. The virus interferes with a number of regulatory and signaling pathways in the host." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0002062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondria dynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001960 , obo:PW_0001961 .
obo:PW_0002662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycerophospholipid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycerophospholipids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 .
obo:PW_0001042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Shigella infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Shigella, a Gram-negative bacterium that is related to Salmonella and to Escherichia coli, is a disease causing agent in humans and primates. Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery or Marlow syndrome is due to colonization of the intestinal epithelium and the subsequent evasion of the host defense machinery and use of host intracellular pathways by the bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0001834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "roxatidine acetate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of roxatidine acetate - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0002330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enoxaparin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin derivative. The drug is an anticoagulant that activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002326 .
obo:PW_0000189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism represents the one-carbon transfer reactions important for de novo purine and thymidylate biosynthesis and for the remethylation of methionine in the methionine cycle and homocysteine metabolism. The methionine cycle also produces the major methyl donor for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other small molecules. The folate mediated one-carbon transfer and the folate cycle pathways are part of folate metabolism." .
obo:PW_0002542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydromorphine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dihydromorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid used for the management of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0002076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diltiazem drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diltiazem- a benzothiazepine L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001893 .
obo:PW_0001330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The receptor for advanced glycation end-products is a multi-ligand receptor whose signaling engages several downstream cascades. In addition to its pro-inflammatory role in innate immunity, it is also involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. It has been associated with a range of pathological states." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000024 , obo:PW_0000819 .
obo:PW_0001961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondria dynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interplay of mitochondria fission and fusion and mitochondria trafficking to properly respond to cellular needs. Mitochondria tend to form reticular networks, regulated through the coordination of fission, fusion and redistribution." .
obo:PW_0000430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "killed term" .
obo:PW_0001108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sorafenib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sorafenib. The drug was the first oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001107 .
obo:PW_0001921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nalbuphine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nalbuphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001919 .
obo:PW_0002170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acebutolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acebutolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002169 .
obo:PW_0000407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotransmitters, substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron and cross the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit a target cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000406 .
obo:PW_0000751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, as evidenced in altered cholesterol biosynthesis has been associated with several conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000453 , obo:PW_0000750 .
obo:PW_0000039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bile acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of bile acids - any of the steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids are the primary bile acids and are formed in the liver. Secondary bile acids - deoxycholic and lithocholic - are formed from the primary bile acids through the action of intestinal bacteria. Bile acid also acts as a signal molecule via several nuclear receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001304 .
obo:PW_0001455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxorubicin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of doxorubicin, a streptomyces metabolite used as a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancers. However, its use is limited by the serious cardiotoxic side effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling impacts on various biological processes such as proliferation and survival, morphogenesis and motility. SF/HGF and its receptor c-Met have also been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0001877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plasmalogen biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of plasmalogen." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001876 .
obo:PW_0001097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zidovudine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of zidovudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Zidovudine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Zidovudine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001095 .
obo:PW_0001154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0002292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carnitine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carnitine. It involves the amino acids lysine and methionine and it largely occurs in the kidney and liver." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002291 .
obo:PW_0001245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "codeine and morphine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of codeine and morphine, a class of drug opiates used as pain relievers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001244 .
obo:PW_0000206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway regulates numerous cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. The SMAD-dependent pathway represents the core signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. Mutations in the TGF-beta family are responsible for a number of human diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000329 .
obo:PW_0000109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisphenol A degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of bisphenol A, known as BPA, an important compound in the production of plastics. However, it is believed to be hazardous to humans and reports have linked several health effects to levels of BPA exposure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0000550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway (SMD) is a rather novel pathway identified in mammals. Staufen (Stau1) is thought to be involved in mRNA localization and it has recently been shown to be involved in mRNA decay. It shares some of the features of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD) but does not require components essential for NMD." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000546 .
obo:PW_0001018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "immune system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Altered immune system responses can be grouped into four categories: malignancy, immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysosomes based pathway of protein degradation" ;
rdfs:comment "A protein degradation pathway that involves proteases residing in lysosomes and exhibiting optimal activity at an acidic pH (e.g., cathepsins)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000325 .
obo:PW_0002632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron efflux pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A single system is involved in the efflux of iron from many cell types. As the iron crossing the membrane is the ferrous Fe(II), several oxidases carry out the formation of ferric Fe(III) which can be bound by the transferrin carrier." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000591 .
obo:PW_0000386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rap1 mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A very close relative of Ras, the Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin-linked cell adhesion and morphogenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000158 .
obo:PW_0000479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin-antithrombin pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Antithrombin (AT) affects the activity of many coagulation factors in the intrinsic and common coagulation cascade. Heparin, though not essential, is an important AT cofactor. increasing the activity of AT by ~1,000-fold." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000477 .
obo:PW_0002506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in long-fatty acid oxidation and due to defects in the SLC25A20 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0000011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of the primary or standard 20 amino acids found in proteins. Amino acids are described as non-essential or essential depending on whether humans can or can not synthesize them, respectively. Chemically, they are classified based on the polarity of their side chain or R group, as non-polar and hydrophobic and hydrophilic and charged or polar uncharged. Amino acid metabolic pathways are also listed with their KEGG entries." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0002150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antiplatelet drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit blood clot formation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001651 .
obo:PW_0000603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erk5 MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Erk5 pathway, also known as the big MAP kinase, is activated by various stresses but not by inflammatory cytokines. In HeLa and PC12 cells, the pathway can be activated by growth factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000007 .
obo:PW_0001684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinorelbine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of vinorelbine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001674 .
obo:PW_0000074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lysine - an essential amino acid. In plants and bacteria it is synthesized from aspartate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0002675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cobalamin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cobalamin (Cbl) metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Cbl deficiency results in hyperhomocysteinemia (due to defects in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine which requires Cbl as a cofactor) and increased levels of methylmalonic acid. Symptoms of Cbl deficiency are bone marrow promegaloblastosis (megaloblastic anemia) due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis (specifically purines and thymidine) and neurological symptoms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000397 , obo:PW_0000429 .
obo:PW_0001563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered non-apoptotic cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000276 , obo:PW_0001559 .
obo:PW_0000325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the degradation of proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 .
obo:PW_0002202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azathioprine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of azathioprine, a meracptopurine prodrug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002201 .
obo:PW_0002550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "malonic aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare acidosis resulting from defects in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme." .
obo:PW_0001591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xanthinuria type I pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. Of the two types of clinically related disorders, type I is caused by genetic defects in the xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001590 .
obo:PW_0002643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 3, expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium and macrophages." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0000314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calmodulin dependent signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways that are mediated through the binding of calmodulin - a multifunctional calcium transducer - to its target effectors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001140 .
obo:PW_0000694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "geraniol degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of geraniol, a monoterpenoid and an alcohol, used in perfumes and in flavors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor agonist drug pathway" .
obo:PW_0001686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "verapamil pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of verapamil, an L-type calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001685 .
obo:PW_0000034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "electron transport chain pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions whereby the electrons, derived from the oxidation of glucose and lipids or the degradation of amino acids, are passed to oxygen via a series of series of spatially separated complexes. The energy derived generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. The coupling between the electron transport chain, also known as the respiratory chain, and the ATP biosynthetic pathway is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Under certain circumstances the two may be uncoupled." .
obo:PW_0000575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sugar transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that mediate the transport of sugars across the cell membrane. Transport of glucose, one of the major energy sources in the cell, is an important aspect of the sugar transport pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0001183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphate transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway that assures the proper transport of phosphate in the body. The kidney plays a major role in the filtration and reabsorption of phosphate while bone is a principal form of storage. Several types of sodium phosphate cotransporters are involved; the role of type 2 and 3 has been established. Renal phosphate transport is under the control of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0001382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway III" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway III which proceeds via 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) and is found in humans and other mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001263 .
obo:PW_0000626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pancreatic cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Pancreatic cancer, a malignant tumor of the pancreas, has both genetic and predisposing factors. Deregulated pathways, such as TGF-B, PI3K-Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK, have been implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000625 , obo:PW_0000700 .
obo:PW_0001340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA modification is a component of the chromatin modification pathway. At least four DNA modification types are known. The modifications are recognized by specific readers and removed by eraser enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001403 .
obo:PW_0000230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galpha12/Galpha13 family" ;
rdfs:comment "Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpa/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001539 .
obo:PW_0001658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amiodarone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of amiodarone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amiodarone has beta blocker-like and calcium channel blocker-like actions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001656 .
obo:PW_0002510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catecholamine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000443 .
obo:PW_0000687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered sugar transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A sugar transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in sugar transport, particularly glucose, can potentially have very harmful consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000545 , obo:PW_0000575 .
obo:PW_0001972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isradipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of isradipine, a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0001609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosinemia type II pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Type II tyrosinemia results from defects in the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in the tyrosine degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001607 .
obo:PW_0000723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anti-diabetic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-diabetic drugs such as repaglinide, nateglinide and sulfonylurea - inhibitors of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel they stimulate insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0002252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "torasemide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of torasemide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002250 .
obo:PW_0001613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylsalicylic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acetylasalicylic acid, known as aspirin. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as analgesic, antipyretic and antitrombic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 , obo:PW_0001546 , obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0001936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperlysinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of inherited disorders resulting from alterations in the lysine metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathione conjugates processing - the mercapturic acid pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mercapturic acid pathway of glutathione conjugates processing involves the sequential cleavage of glutamyl and glycine residues of glutathione followed by cysteine N-acetylation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000373 .
obo:PW_0001143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Caveolar endocytosis is a ligand-triggered uptake mechanism functioning in parallel with the clathrin-mediated pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000281 .
obo:PW_0000900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-17F signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-17F binds the same receptor as interleukin-17A and can also heterodimerize with it. However, its signaling while sharing features of interleukin-17A pathway also elicits distinct responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000897 .
obo:PW_0001509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "platinum (Pt) containing drug response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to platinum (Pt) containing drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors. The DNA lesion they introduce is toxic to the tumor cells. However, they also exert powerful toxic side effects. Cisplatin, the most potent drug is also the most toxic followed by the less potent carboplatin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0001860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procainamide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of procainamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that can also elicit serious cytotoxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001858 .
obo:PW_0000702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "respiratory tract cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000701 .
obo:PW_0000676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucagon signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucagon signaling responds to low levels of circulating glucose to stimulate its release. The action of glucagon signaling is counter-regulatory to the action of insulin and it plays an essential role in glucose homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0000827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "T cell receptor signaling pathway in CD8+ T cells" ;
rdfs:comment "T cells that express the CD8 co-receptor, also called cytotoxic or cytolytic T cells, recognize class I MHC presented antigens derived from cytosolic proteins to initiate a signaling cascade that results in killing of the target cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000821 .
obo:PW_0002122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorthalidone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chlorothalidone - a blocker of sodium -chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The drug is used for the treatment of hypertension and also as an adjuvant drug for treating edema. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0000330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bone morphogenetic proteins signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are related to TGF-beta and activins and are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. The BMP signaling pathway plays important roles in induction and patterning of the mesoderm. BMP pathway cross-talks to other pathways such as TGF-beta, Wnt, MAPK, Notch, JAK-STAT and others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000329 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0001932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperprolinemia type II pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare condition resulting from alterations in the proline amino acid metabolic pathway leading to high levels of proline and the related compound pyrroline-5-carboxylase in the circulation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ranitidine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ranitidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a specific antagonist H2 receptor and it is used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001843 .
obo:PW_0002262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pindolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pindolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Pindolol is a sympathomimetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0001057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Epstein-Barr virus infection pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein sorting pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the secretory pathway, protein sorting, mainly in trans-Golgi Network (TGN), but also in other compartments, underlies cargo recognition by various carriers to assure the specificity of final localization." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 .
obo:PW_0001362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) serine/threonine kinase mediated signaling responds to several kinds of DNA damage, of which single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) exerts a key role. ssDNAs are induced by stressed replication forks. ATR acting on its substrates prevents the cell from erroneous mitotic entry, plays a key role in interstrand cross link (ICL) repair pathway and also exerts important regulatory roles in homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0001351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered non-metal ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001353 .
obo:PW_0000611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endometrial cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Endometrial cancer affects the lining of the uterus, or endometrium. Hormonal and genetic alterations play a role in the development of this carcinoma type. Mutations in genes acting in several pathways have been associated with the condition and its types." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000606 .
obo:PW_0000691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000561 , obo:PW_0000689 .
obo:PW_0002199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azithromycin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of azithromycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial growth. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002198 .
obo:PW_0002144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamoyl phosphate synthase I deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1." .
obo:PW_0002240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxeprenolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxeprenolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms. The drug has some intrinsic sympathomimetic properties. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0002325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin K antagonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood acting as vitamin K inhibitors . Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002151 .
obo:PW_0001758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insulin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The insulin precursor, preproinsulin is subject to several processing steps in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus before ending as the mature zinc-insulin hexamer stored in secretory granules. The expression of insulin is confined to the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0001486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbon tetrachloride response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to carbon tetrachloride, an organic compound used in several application. It is one oft he most potent hepatotoxins and has been banned in consumer products. In vivo studies using animal models show that exposure to carbon tetrachloride triggers the activity of several enzymes and the production of antioxidant molecules in a dose-dependent manner." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0000090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G2 phase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying the second 'gap' phase of the mitotic cell cycle - an interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis, during which protein synthesis occurs." .
obo:PW_0002397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "constitutive exocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A signal-independent exocytic pathway employed by all cell types." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002396 .
obo:PW_0001449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nicotine, an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000721 .
obo:PW_0000999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenosine triphosphate signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extracellular signaling activates the P2X ligand-gated ion channels that are permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium ions. There are several P2X subtypes that are involved in a range of physiological processes. ATP along with other nucleotide also engages a class of metabotropic purinergic receptors known as P2Y that couple to either the Galphaq or to G alphai subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. ATP is the sole ligand of P2Y 11 receptor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000997 .
obo:PW_0001475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The cerebrotendinous type of xanthomatosis is caused by mutation in the CYP27A1 gene - a sterol hydrolase involved in the oxidation of side chain sterol intermediates. It affects many tissues, predominantly the brain and lungs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001474 , obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0000217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for amino acid hydroxylases involved in the synthesis of several neurotransmitters. It can be synthesized de novo from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or recycled via a regeneration pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diterpene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of diterpenes, a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001395 .
obo:PW_0002499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor selective agonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of selective adrenergic beta receptors agonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002498 .
obo:PW_0001552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cell cycle pathway, mitotic" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000086 , obo:PW_0001551 .
obo:PW_0000661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "single-strand DNA repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A DNA repair pathway responsible for removing one or several damaged nucleotides or of nucleotide mismatched during DNA replication in one of the DNA strands. Several excision pathways are available for correcting single-strand damage." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000099 .
obo:PW_0001281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tryptophan degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. Tryptophan undergoes oxidative catabolism carried out by several hemeprotein enzymes. In plants, tyrosine is the precursor for several secondary metabolites." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000054 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0002665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fat-soluble vitamin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving the fat-soluble vitamins. These include vitamins A, D, E and K." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vincristine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vincristine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001672 .
obo:PW_0000990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protocadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Protocadherin represent a very large family which can be further subdivided into two groups. The protocadherin are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. They have up to seven cadherin repeats but distinct and even divergent cytoplasmic regions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000333 .
obo:PW_0001727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trandolapril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of trandolapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001725 .
obo:PW_0002251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "torasemide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of torasemide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002250 .
obo:KEGG_00730 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphingomyelin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sphingomyelin - a sphingolipid found abundantly in the myelin sheath of nerve cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000197 .
obo:PW_0002651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand such as a bacterial cell wall component binding to a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0001126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "everolimus drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of several types of tumors, including renal cell carcinoma. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is constitutively active in the disease; mTOR regulates the translation of HIF-alpha gene. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 , obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0002640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acrolein response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Acrolein is a reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is a dietary and environmental pollutant and can also be metabolically generated. It exerts severe toxic effects through production of DNA and protein adducts and disruption of important cellular pathways. Acrolein is thought to play a role in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and immune disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0001914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naproxen pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naproxen. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001913 .
obo:PW_0002396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "exocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The exocytosis pathway whereby cellular material is delivered in the extracellular space outside the cell. There are two main types of exocytosis: calcium-triggered, regulated and constitutive. They are also represented in the more specific protein exocytosis pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002395 .
obo:PW_0000849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate signaling pathway via group I metabotropic glutamate receptor" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000847 .
obo:PW_0001823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spironolactone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of spironolactone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001822 .
obo:PW_0000773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aldosterone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of aldosterone, a C21 mineralocorticoid produced in the outer zone, the zona glomerulosa, of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol as the precursor. It plays important roles in the regulation of water and salt balance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000771 .
obo:PW_0001321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trichothecene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins by members of Fusarium fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001319 , obo:PW_0001368 .
obo:PW_0001793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tenoxicam drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tenoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0002341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "muscle hypertonia disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A disorder manifested by abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002096 .
obo:PW_0001159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoacyl-tRNA, or transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes and is part of the translation pathway. tRNAs are specific for the amino acids with which they are associated. Their synthesis involves adenylation of the amino acid followed by its transfer; both steps require ATP." .
obo:PW_0000964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class I signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000621 .
obo:PW_0000284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycosaminoglycan pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic pathways involving glycosaminoglycans that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycosaminoglycan pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 , obo:PW_0000283 .
obo:PW_0000120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "styrene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of styrene - an aromatic hydrocarbon that is colorless and oily. It is used in the manufacture of rubber, resins and plastics. It is a toxic, possibly carcinogenic substance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0002239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penbutolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of penbutolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002237 .
obo:PW_0001119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered citric acid cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Defects in components of the citrate cycle have been shown to relate to several types of cancer. For instance, mutations in fumarate hydratase are associated with renal cancer, in succinate dehydrogenase in renal as well as paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase have also been implicated in several types of cancer. Defects in this central metabolic network result in unwanted activation of hypoxia inducible factor whose target genes are involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glycolysis, among others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000026 , obo:PW_0000359 , obo:PW_0001118 .
obo:PW_0001824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spironolactone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of spironolactone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the effects of aldosterone by competing with its receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001822 .
obo:PW_0001165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000407 .
obo:PW_0001903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrendipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nitrendipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001897 .
obo:PW_0002734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide sugar transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside esterified with (ortho) phosphate, into, out of or within a cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000055 .
obo:PW_0002010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glyburide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of glyburide, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug is also known is glibenclamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002009 .
obo:PW_0000784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered androgen signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An androgen signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered androgen signaling, due to upregulation of the androgen receptor, has been implicated in prostate cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000564 , obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0000787 , obo:PW_0001314 .
obo:PW_0002133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "capecitabine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of capecitabine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Capecitabine is used in the treatment of numerous cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002131 .
obo:PW_0001994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type III pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen disease pathway that involves the glycogen debranching enzyme. There are further subdivisions, to delineate the clinical manifestations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0001664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anistreplase pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of anistreplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. An anithrombic drug, anistreplase cleaves a bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001662 .
obo:PW_0002434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "other antithrombotic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are further classified depending on the blood clotting processes they affect. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001651 .
obo:PW_0000975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 5 signaling engages receptor 2 to exert potent chemotactic functions in neutrophil activation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0002610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 3" ;
rdfs:comment "Protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR3/F2RL2) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR3 is thought to not signal autonomously and require heterodimerization with other PARs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002606 .
obo:PW_0000602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered extracellular signal-regulated Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Raf/Mek/Erk signaling has been implicated in many types of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000102 , obo:PW_0000421 .
obo:PW_0001207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "folate cycle metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The folate cycle metabolic pathway sums up the uptake and transport of folates, the processing and interconversion reactions of folate compounds. The folate cycle and the folate mediate one-carbon transfer pathways are part of folate metabolism." .
obo:PW_0000396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spermidine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyamine metabolism plays important roles in a number of cellular processes. Spermidine and spermine are formed in two consecutive reactions carried out by distinct enzymes that employ the decarboxylated form of AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000214 .
obo:PW_0002278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fenoprofen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fenoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and mild pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0001299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trehalose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved on the synthesis of trehalose, a disaccharide found in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001298 .
obo:PW_0000498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reverse cholesterol transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the pathway by which cholesterol from extrahepatic cells/tissue is transported to the liver for excretion. The pathway may prevent the development of atherosclerosis by reducing the accumulation of cholesterol in the walls of arteries." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001346 .
obo:PW_0001777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rather rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency resulting from decreased T-cell function. Disruption of purine nucleoside phosphorylase results in an altered purine salvage pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0002051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "escitalopram pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of escitalopram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002049 .
obo:PW_0001270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leucine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of leucine, an essential amino acid for humans. In plants and microorganisms its synthesis proceeds via a number of steps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001088 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0000303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "p53-dependent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The p53-dependent pathway of G1 arrest in response to damaged DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000095 .
obo:PW_0001416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Leigh disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A neurometabolic disorder affecting the central nervous system, caused by defects in mitochondrial and/or nuclear genes involved in energy metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 , obo:PW_0001751 .
obo:PW_0000067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reductive carboxylate cycle - CO2 fixation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in carbon dioxide fixation - the reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation) - the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide to organic carbon compounds, as in photosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0001194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling include essential intracellular pathways such as those involving the mitogen-activated (MAPK), Akt (also known as Pkb), protein kinase A and protein kinase C, to name a few. Serine/threonine-specific kinases represent the largest class." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001193 .
obo:PW_0001250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monoamine transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway responsible for the transport of monoamines, biogenic amines representing various neurotransmitters. The reuptake of neurotransmitters following their release is a key element determining the duration and intensity of their signaling and is thus essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 , obo:PW_0001251 .
obo:PW_0001368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trichothecene metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001365 .
obo:PW_0001782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "primary hyperoxaluria type 1 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hyperoxaluria results from alteration in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway. Type 1 is due to mutations in the alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001781 .
obo:PW_0002591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata 2 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The better characterized form of chondrodysplasia punctata due to defects in the Ebp gene involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001872 , obo:PW_0002589 .
obo:PW_0002139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intermembrane space assembly pathway of mitochondrial protein import" ;
rdfs:comment "The mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly pathway (MIA) delivers the resident proteins of this mitochondrial localization." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001962 .
obo:PW_0000734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cerebroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cerebroside, sphingolipids in which the sugar is a monosaccharide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000733 .
obo:PW_0000986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0001864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prednisone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of prednisone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001862 .
obo:PW_0000931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methotrexate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of methotrexate (MTX), a folate analogue used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug and It is believed that variability in MTX pharmacokinetics is linked to genetic variations in transporter proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000930 .
obo:PW_0001310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid, an important plant isoprenoid hormone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001309 .
obo:PW_0002442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levobupivacaine phgarmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of levobupivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine compared to which, it has a longer duration of action and is associated with less vasodilation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002440 .
obo:PW_0001700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urologic disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001699 .
obo:PW_0001925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metolazone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metolazone - a blocker of sodium -chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The drug is used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0002315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indometacin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of indometacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Indometacin is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes and commonly used to reduce fever, pain and swelling in a wide range of conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002313 .
obo:PW_0001104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pH sensing signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway that respond to increases or decreases in protons, or pH levels and whose signaling aim at restoring systemic acid-base balance. Several G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) and ion channel mediated signaling have been reported in the literature." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001105 .
obo:PW_0000814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Toll-like receptors represent a large and the better understood family of pattern recognition receptors that sense an array of exogenous structures, and recent evidence shows they can also recognize defective endogenous molecules. The intracellular signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000925 .
obo:PW_0001643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of lipid metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of lipid metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001473 , obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-3/interleukin-5/GM-CSF mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interleukin-3, interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor family of hemopoietic cytokines mediate overlapping and distinct signals. Collectively they regulate the production and activation of hemopoietic cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0000622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway has been implicated in several forms of cancer. The components of the pathway are attractive targets for the development of therapeutics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000232 , obo:PW_0000964 , obo:PW_0001199 .
obo:PW_0000078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyanoamino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0000953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 15 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 3 (Ccr1 and Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0002567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urolithiasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Conditions leading to the formation of stones in any part of the urinary tract." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001700 .
obo:PW_0002629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bortezomib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bortezomib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Bortezomib is used in the treatment of several cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002627 .
obo:PW_0001025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "allograft rejection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Allograft or transplant rejection results from the recipient's autoimmune response to non-self antigens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0001769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "docetaxel pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of docetaxel. Docetaxel is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001768 .
obo:PW_0001829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sotalol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of sotalol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta 1 and beta 2. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001828 .
obo:PW_0002707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0002091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galactosemias pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies that affect galactose metabolism and manifest as elevated galactose levels in the blood." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0002127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "captopril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of captopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0002125 .
obo:PW_0001438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the uptake, modification and elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of compounds, members of which are potent mutagens and carcinogens. Metabolites of PAHs can form DNA adducts, considered a necessary step of their carcinogenic property." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001229 .
obo:PW_0002273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eplerenone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of eplerenone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Eplerenone is an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor and indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular death risk in people with heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002271 .
obo:PW_0001292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carotene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carotenes, several related unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are synthesized by plants. Some are vitamin precursors, such as the beta-carotene precursor of vitamin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001289 .
obo:PW_0000028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0001587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mRNA nuclear export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway thereby processed, mature mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm. Two distinct export pathways are mediated by specific transport receptors. The NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer exports the bulk of mRNA whereas a subset of mRNA is exported by the CRM1 system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001160 .
obo:PW_0002166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP17A1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001478 .
obo:PW_0001485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "losartan-gene, gene-chemical, gene-gene interaction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The expanded network of losartan-interacting genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001462 .
obo:PW_0000650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway pertinent to development" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of development." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "S phase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying duplication of the hereditary material of the cell, forming two copies of each chromosome." .
obo:PW_0001716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "perindopril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of perindopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0002177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pamidronate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pamidronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pamidronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001624 , obo:PW_0002175 .
obo:PW_0001427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amikacin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amikacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0002466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in steroid metabolism due to defects in HSD11B2 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002102 .
obo:PW_0002347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cholesterol ester storage disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition due to defects in the acid lipase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001630 , obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0002718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial translation initiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000580 .
obo:SMP_00076 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - a rare prion disease, associated with a number of different mutations of the prion protein gene, existing in sporadic, familial (as an autosomal dominant), and infectious forms, with onset usually in middle life, and having a wide variety of clinical and pathological features. The most commonly seen are varying degrees of spongiform degeneration of neurons, neuronal loss, gliosis, and amyloid plaque formation, accompanied by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, motor disturbances." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000019 .
obo:PW_0000349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Alagille syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alagille syndrome is a developmental disease characterized by defects in heart, as well as liver, skeleton and eye. Abnormalities of the central nervous system are also found. The disease is associated with mutations across the entire Jag1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000348 .
obo:PW_0001818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mucopolysaccharidoses pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of lysosomal storage diseases resulting from alterations in the glycosaminoglycans degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001630 , obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0001060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "primary bile acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Primary bile acids, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, are derived from cholesterol in the liver. Upon conjugation with glycine or taurine they can be secreted into the intestine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000039 .
obo:PW_0001474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xanthomatosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Xanthomatosis results from deregulation of cholesterol metabolic pathways and is manifested by the formation of yellow, cholesterol-rich deposits. It is a rare, inherited condition and can affect several tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001473 .
obo:PW_0002531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hereditary central nervous system demyelinating disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Inherited conditions characterized by a loss of myelin in the central nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0001535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin F2alpha signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostaglandin F2alpha signaling engages one receptor and plays important roles in mammalian reproduction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001297 .
obo:PW_0002483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloroprocaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chloroprocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002482 .
obo:PW_0002633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron utilization pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Heme and iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biosynthetic pathways are the major routes of iron utilization." .
obo:PW_0002557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from alteration in lipid metabolism due to defects in lipase or apolipoprotein functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0000168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that are triggered through the binding of a growth factor to its particular receptor. Growth factors carry out mitogenic signaling via their largely tyrosine kinase receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial complex I deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving the NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001669 .
obo:PW_0002026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forasartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of forasartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002025 .
obo:PW_0002453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxymorphone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxymorphone, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "renin-angiotensin cascade pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The renin-angiotensin cascade (RAS) generates a number of bioactive peptides with diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. RAS exerts vasoconstriction, vasodilation or vascular remodeling, cell proliferation or anti-proliferation effects, depending on which angiotensin peptide generates the signaling. Some of these features are also shared by the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS); the two systems can interact and cross-talk." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0000375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phase I biotransformation pathway via cytochrome P450" ;
rdfs:comment "The major phase I biotransformation pathway for the activation of endogenous and exogenous substances carried out by members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000857 .
obo:PW_0002065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disulfiram pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of disulfiram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and also appears to prevent the breakdown of dopamine. Disulfiram is used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also cocaine dependence. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002063 .
obo:PW_0000254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penicillins and cephalosporins biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporins. The former is the best known antibiotic which blocks the cross linking reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis, thus destroying the bacterial cell wall. The latter represents a broad class of antibiotics similar to penicillin, both chemically and in mode of action." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antigen processing and presentation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways of antigen processing and presentation assure the generation of peptides that have the structural attributes necessary for the association with and their placement near major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Protein antigens present in vesicular compartments generate class II peptides, those in cytosol, class I." .
obo:PW_0001866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piroxicam pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of piroxicam, an anti-inflammatory drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001865 .
obo:PW_0000273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuron-to-neuron signaling pathway via the electrical synapse" ;
rdfs:comment "A simpler pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling involving the direct flow of ionic currents. It is a reciprocal pathway involving membrane-to-membrane apposition known as a gap junction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000272 .
obo:PW_0002174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alendronate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of alendronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Alendronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001624 , obo:PW_0002172 .
obo:PW_0001983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "irbesartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of irbesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001982 .
obo:PW_0000956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 27 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10 (Ccr10) and does not appear to be a member of any of the chemokines subgroups." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0002723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ion homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0001079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "proline metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of proline, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases. Its side chain bends to form a ring and its rigidity limits the folding abilities of proteins around proline residues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0001407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ISWI family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The ISWI (imitation switch) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Drosophila melanogaster. Eukaryotes assemble several ISWI complexes using one or two different catalytic subunits. Many complexes function to promote chromatin assembly and repression of transcription. Overall, the pathway is important for DNA replication and repair along with the regulation of transcription." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001339 .
obo:PW_0002289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "malonic aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare inherited metabolic condition due to alterations in the activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endothelin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Endothelins represent a family of three vasoconstrictor peptides that play a role in several intracellular signaling pathways and have been associated with hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infarction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mycophenolic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of mycophenolic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Mycophenolic acid is used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection in transplantation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002507 .
obo:PW_0002708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "organic anion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the the elimination of a variety of endogenous anionic substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body, mediated by families of transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001348 .
obo:PW_0000944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 11 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vibrio cholerae infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Vibrio cholerae disease is an infection of the small intestine resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalance which in some cases can cause death. Cholera toxin, is one the main virulence factors of the Gram-negative Vibrio cholerae bacterium which, together with other virulence factors can invade the host." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0002048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "esmolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of esmolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002046 .
obo:PW_0000961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceramide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceramide signaling can act as a lipid second messenger or as a mediator of various cellular signaling pathways by promoting receptor clustering. The pathway plays important roles in apoptosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000541 , obo:PW_0000959 .
obo:PW_0001576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase III transcription elongation pathway" .
obo:PW_0002661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA replication initiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000098 .
obo:PW_0002480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cholestasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum which can be mechanical in nature as in blockage of the duct system or metabolic, resulting from alterations in bile formation due to genetic or environmental factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002479 .
obo:PW_0002421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphoinositide metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphoinositides are involved in a wide range of biological processes and alterations in their metabolism have been associated with a spectrum of human conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002418 , obo:PW_0002420 .
obo:PW_0000248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoprenoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of isoprenoids or terpenoids - a large class of organic biomolecules. Isoprenoids are precursors of sterols such as cholesterol and its derivatives and also of non-sterol molecules, many of which are used in the post-translational modification of proteins. Plant isoprenoids are among the most commonly found and have a broad range of uses and applications in plants and beyond." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0002494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenindione pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of phenindione-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Phenindione is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002492 .
obo:PW_0002469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "felodipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of felodipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002468 .
obo:PW_0001904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nizatidine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nizatidine - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0001063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The metabolic reactions involving lipoic acid, a compound derived from octanoic acid that contains two sulfur centers. Lipoic acid is a co-factor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex responsible for the irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting insulin secretion. GLp-1 is secreted from the L intestinal cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It signals via a G-protein coupled receptor to increase calcium and cAMP and activate numerous downstream signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered calcium/calcium-mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0001140 .
obo:PW_0000344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cerebrovascular disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 , obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0002525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethylmorphine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ethylmorphine, an opiate narcotic analgesic mostly used to treat dry cough and as an ophtalmologic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000924 , obo:PW_0002159 , obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nervous system and nerve tissue cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the brain, spinal cord or central nervous system and of nerve tissue such as neuroepithelial or neurectodermal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0002565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carnosinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from alterations in carnosine metabolism due to defects in the enzyme carnosinase and manifested in neurological disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anti-tumor necrosis factor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The inhibitors are recombinant proteins that bind the soluble and membrane-associated TNF and inhibit the effects of this pro-inflammatory cytokine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0001290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lycopene metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved ion the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lycopene - a carotene and phytochemical found in red fruits and vegetables." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001289 .
obo:PW_0000311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fibrinoid necrosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fibrinoid necrosis involves the deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins in the walls of afferent renal arterioles in malignant hypertension, often accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate within the walls and thrombosis of the vessel lumen. " ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000279 .
obo:PW_0001216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pralatrexate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pralatrexate, a polyglutamatable antifolate used as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme of folate cycle. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endocytic pathway allows for recycling of cargo delivered via the exocytic or secretory routes, uptake of nutrients, internalization of receptors and also, the engulfing of dying cells or of material foreign to the cell. Endocytosis can be subdivided into four pathways: clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, micropinocytosis and phagocytosis. Endosomes and lysosomes are central endocytic components responsible for sorting, recycling, or degradation of cargo, as necessary." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002395 .
obo:PW_0001800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulindac pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of sulindac, an anti-inflammatory drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001799 .
obo:PW_0000381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug resistance-associated protein mediated transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000380 .
obo:PW_0002329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of heparin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that binds to and activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002327 .
obo:PW_0001995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type IV pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving glycogen branching enzyme 1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0001950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "meloxicam pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of meloxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001948 .
obo:PW_0001068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered translation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000101 , obo:PW_0000290 .
obo:PW_0000881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glucocorticoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000782 , obo:PW_0000880 .
obo:PW_0000428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000427 , obo:PW_0000429 .
obo:PW_0001396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monoterpene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes, a class of terpenes composed of two isoprene units." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001395 .
obo:PW_0001632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alfentanil drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alfentanil - a synthetic opioid used for anesthesia in surgery. The drug is short-acting but potent and classified as restricted. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0002536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lidocaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lidocaine, an important class 1b antiarrhythmic drug also used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 , obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0000817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NOD-like receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "NOD-like receptors are cytosolic proteins that recognize components of bacterial peptidoglycans. The signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000925 .
obo:PW_0002634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron-sulfur cluster protein biogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The steps involved in the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters (ISC) to Fe-S proteins. The mitochondrial ISC and the connected cytosolic assembly (CIA) pathways provide for the biogenesis of all Fe-S proteins. The Fe-S proteins participate in a broad range of important cellular processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 , obo:PW_0002633 .
obo:PW_0002729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic prometaphase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying mitotic prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, which follows mitotic prophase, during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles." .
obo:PW_0001879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Lesch-Nyhan syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited disorder with several psychomotor phenotypes resulting from altered purine metabolism, particularly the salvage pathway, due to defects in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene, located on the X chromosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 , obo:PW_0001776 , obo:PW_0001878 .
obo:PW_0000517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arterial occlusive disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway leading to a general or specific artery occlusion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 .
obo:PW_0000439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aspartic acid/aspartate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of aspartic acid/aspartate. Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid with roles in glucose, protein and nucleotide metabolism. In the brain, it can act as a neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000445 , obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 23 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (Ccr1) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibutilide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ibutilide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001988 .
obo:PW_0000361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered oxygen homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000356 , obo:PW_0001833 .
obo:PW_0002361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "remifentanil drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of remifentanil, a synthetic opioid analgesic used in general anesthesia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 , obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0002616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered fibrinolysis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A fibrinolysis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Several congenital and acquired disorders of fibrinolysis are reported." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000481 , obo:PW_0001538 .
obo:PW_0001910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nebivolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nebivolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 .
obo:PW_0002070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dipyridamole pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dipyridamole. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002069 .
obo:PW_0002029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoxetine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fluoxetine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002028 .
obo:PW_0002580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis and utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). There are several routes leading to NAD biosynthesis from various sources. NAD, in addition to its well known role as a cofactor in redox reactions, also serves as a substrate for several classes of enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arthritis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Arthritis collectively describes several conditions whose primary feature is represented by joint pain resulting from inflammation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 , obo:PW_0001593 .
obo:PW_0001349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-metal ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The transport pathways of elements in group 1, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the periodic table." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001348 .
obo:PW_0000134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathione metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutathione - a tripeptide that acts as an antioxidant and provides protection against reactive oxygen species. It is also used in the conjugation of xenobiotics and drugs by the phase II biotransformation enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 , obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0002376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "panitumumab pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of panitumumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002374 .
obo:PW_0000243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The VEGF family plays key roles in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Through their receptors, VEGFs can initiate a diverse and complex network of signaling cascades. Deregulation of VEGF-mediated pathways, mostly through upregulation of VEGF expression, has been implicated in a number of conditions, primarily cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0002264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pindolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pindolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002262 .
obo:PW_0000071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three dietary-essential branched amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0000759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gemcitabine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of gemcitabine. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain cancers. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000758 .
obo:PW_0001984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "irbesartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of irbesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001982 .
obo:PW_0000124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cellular detoxification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exogenous or endogenous elements, compounds or molecules that can be harmful to the system. The phase I (oxidative) and phase II (conjugative) metabolizing enzymes and the phase III transport systems and other pathways are involved in the response mechanisms resulting in processing and subsequent elimination of such elements. Others induce downstream effects such as antioxidant, cell death or inflammatory response pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0000646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway conveys information between cells and components of the extracellular matrix using cell adhesion molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000648 .
obo:PW_0001644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0001389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway IX" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001263 .
obo:PW_0000567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sex steroids signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Sex steroid mediated signaling pathways have important roles in the development and/or maintenance of sex-specific characteristics or attributes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000468 .
obo:PW_0001176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Deregulation of endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several paraneoplastic and metabolic diseases that include renal failure, Cushing's syndrome, type 2 diabetes and obesity, among others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001172 , obo:PW_0001175 .
obo:PW_0001868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypermethioninemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inborn metabolic disorder resulting from alterations in the methionine cycle/metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0002730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying the progression of a cell from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog, which results in the degradation of cyclin B and securin." .
obo:PW_0001546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "analgesic and/or antipyretic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to alleviate pain and/or reduce fever. Examples include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen and the widely used paracetamol, known as acetaminophen, among others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0002577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inheritied condition resulting from alterations in the degradation of branched-chain amino acid due to defects in the beta subunit of methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MCCC2). MCCC is a biotin-requiring enzyme in the mitochondria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0000738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid beta degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fatty acid degradation via beta oxidation, the most common fatty acid degradation pathway, occurs in four reactions resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA two carbon shorter than the one that began the cycle. Acetyl-CoA can undergo further oxidation via the Krebs cycle or can be converted to ketone bodies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000642 .
obo:PW_0001799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulindac drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiovascular system homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0001028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "infectious disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that have gained access to the host organism and have managed to avoid the host defense mechanisms while taking over some of the host pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ras superfamily mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Ras superfamily consists of a diverse group of small, monomeric G proteins that function as molecular switches alternating between the GDP-inactive and the GTP-active bound state. The GTP-bound form can interact with many downstream effectors. Ras superfamily controls a broad spectrum of processes; deregulation of Ras cascades has been linked to several forms of cancer. The superfamily is structurally classified in five families." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000125 .
obo:PW_0002576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inheritied condition resulting from alterations in the degradation of branched-chain amino acid due to defects in the alpha subunit of methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MCCC1). MCCC is a biotin-requiring enzyme in the mitochondria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0002249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ropivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ropivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug exerts its effects by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002247 .
obo:PW_0000954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 16 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 2 (Ccr1 and Ccr2) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "photosynthesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A chemical combination caused by the action of light; specifically the formation of carbohydrates (with release of molecular oxygen) from carbon dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants and blue-green algae under the influence of light. In bacteria, photosynthesis employs hydrogen sulfide, molecular hydrogen, and other reduced compounds in place of water, so that molecular oxygen is not released." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0001136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid elongation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The C16 palmitate product of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway can be esterifed to triacylglycerol or converted to longer chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules by elongases and desaturases, depending on the needs of the cell. The elongation pathway takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the mitochondrion. Longer chain fatty acids are present in certain specialized tissues; for instance, myelin contains large amounts of C22 and C24 molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000029 .
obo:PW_0002295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antiepileptic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used in the treatment of epilepsy or seizure. Some can also act as mood stabilizers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0002689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "keratan sulfate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of keratan sulfate - a glycosaminoglycan found in the cornea, in cartilage, and in the nucleus pulposus and also as the accumulation product in Morquio's syndrome. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to one of galactose, which is usually sulfated. There are two forms, keratan sulfate I and keratan sulfate II, which differ in carbohydrate content and localization; the former occurs in the cornea and the latter in skeletal tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0000721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nicotine, an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. It is an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exerts stimulatory roles. It is also responsible for tobacco dependence. Prolonged exposure and high levels of nicotine can have toxic effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0000918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "proton pump inhibitor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), a class of compounds that block the acid secretion from parietal cells in the stomach. A representative PPI compound is omeprazole. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0002284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naloxone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of naloxone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Naloxone is a mu-opioid receptor competitive antagonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002282 .
obo:PW_0001129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "temsirolimus drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma; HIF-alpha translation is under the control of mTOR pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A late onset, mostly sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Various pathways are thought to be deregulated and contribute to the condition; among them calcium and/or zinc homeostasis, apoptosis, Cdk5 and calcineurin dependent processes, and in the case of the more rare, genetically inherited form of the disease, mutations in the cytosolic Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the subsequent changes in the processes that involve SOD1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000014 .
obo:PW_0002393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tioguanine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tioguanine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002392 .
obo:PW_0002473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "venlafaxine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of venlafaxine, a drug used in the treatment of major depressive, anxiety and panic disorders. The drug inhibits the reuptake of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002472 .
obo:PW_0001237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in modulating mood, memory and other biological processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000410 , obo:PW_0001238 .
obo:PW_0000085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pathway pertinent to DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in and/or controlling DNA replication, cell cycle, DNA repair and maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0000679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glucagon signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glucagon signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Glucagon signaling counteracts the signaling of insulin and the potential exists that an alteration of glucagon signaling has a role to play in diabetes type 2. Serum glucagon is elevated in patients with the disease; the mechanisms leading to and the consequences of elevated glucagon remain to be established." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000511 , obo:PW_0000594 , obo:PW_0000676 .
obo:PW_0001489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metformin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is widely distributed in various tissues. Meformin is excreted unchanged and several transporters are involved in its tissue uptake and elimination. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001488 .
obo:PW_0001478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway represents a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal glands that results from defects in several enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001477 .
obo:PW_0001597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abacavir pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of abacavir-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. Abacavir is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Abacavir inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA whose growth is then terminated. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. A small percentage of individuals receiving the drug develop immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), those carrying a variant in the human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001595 .
obo:PW_0002476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rosiglitazone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. In several countries the drug was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0000371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The maintenance of adequate intracellular calcium levels are crucial in order to assure the availability of this important ion and, at the same time prevent against the damage its high concentration can cause. Pumps and exchangers move the calcium ions into organelles or outside the cell, channels of many types allow for its transient flow inside the cell. Calcium transport, which maintains and controls the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000589 .
obo:PW_0000748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cerebroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered cerebroside metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000734 , obo:PW_0000742 .
obo:PW_0001514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carboplatin response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to carboplatin, a platinum containing drug used in the treatment of solid tumor. It is less potent than cisplatin but it can have serious toxic side effects such as myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001509 .
obo:PW_0000710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chronic myeloid leukemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chronic myeloid leukemia, a slowly progressing condition, is a type of leukemia where too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000707 .
obo:PW_0000806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered FasL mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A FasL mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000680 , obo:PW_0000681 .
obo:PW_0002138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carrier pathway of mitochondrial protein import" ;
rdfs:comment "The carrier pathway delivers many of the inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. These proteins are synthesized without a presequence." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001962 .
obo:PW_0000592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron storage pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The main storage system for iron is represented by ferritin. The iron entering the cell is in its ferrous Fe(II) form. It is oxidized to the stored ferric Fe(III) by the oxidase activity of ferritin heavy chain. Neuromelanin pigment, abundant in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, is known as a metal chelator and is the storage form of iron in these cells." .
obo:PW_0001592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xanthinuria type II pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. Of the two types of clinically related disorders, type II is caused by genetic defects in the xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001590 .
obo:PW_0000221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heme metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002285 .
obo:PW_0000501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyroid hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling pathway plays important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. The TH receptors are nuclear receptors that once activated act as transcription factors. Low levels of TH stimulate the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus, in turn stimulating the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary whose signaling then triggers TH production. TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 , obo:PW_0000500 .
obo:PW_0001277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathione biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione is a tripeptide that exerts important functions as an antioxidant and in the conjugation of xenobiotics and drugs by phase II biotransformation enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000134 .
obo:PW_0000411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histamine - a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter and is also involved in local immune responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000444 .
obo:PW_0000779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dehydroepiandrosterone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone, a C19 steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex and a primary precursor of estrogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000770 .
obo:PW_0001262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamic acid/glutamate biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reaction involved in the biosynthesis of glutamic acid/glutamate. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000027 , obo:PW_0001255 .
obo:PW_0000045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentose phosphate pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the generation of reducing equivalents and five carbon (pentose) sugars. The oxidative phase is irreversible; the non-oxidative is reversible." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002655 .
obo:PW_0000897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-17 family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interleukin-17 family-mediated signaling plays important roles in inflammation and in the development of autoimmunity as well as in the host defense against fungal and bacterial infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0001211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plevitrexed pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of plevitrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001210 .
obo:PW_0002155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bumetanide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bumetanide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Bumetanide is used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002153 .
obo:PW_0002719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial translation termination pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000582 .
obo:PW_0002115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "selective serotonin uptake inhibitor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of selective serotonin uptake inhibitor drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002114 .
obo:PW_0000149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alkaloid biosynthetic pathway II" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0002558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heroin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heroin, an opioid painkiller and a narcotic. Chemically is 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lncRNA capping pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001580 .
obo:PW_0001140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calcium-mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Calcium signaling impacts on a large and diverse spectrum of cellular processes such as gene expression and cell death, proliferation, muscle contraction and energy metabolism, learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Calcium acts in signal transduction as a first as well as a second messenger. Calcium transport, which controls and maintains the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Interleukin mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Signaling by interleukin family members plays various roles in the immune response." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000828 .
obo:PW_0002217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cystinosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the transport of cystine across the lysosomal membrane due to defects in the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin (CTNS)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001630 .
obo:PW_0002223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aprotinin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of aprotinin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrypsin and others. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002221 .
obo:PW_0002623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathione antioxidant pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002622 .
obo:PW_0001304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cholesterol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cholesterol, an essential component of cell membranes and lipid rafts and the precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001303 .
obo:PW_0000790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha receptor 1 and 2 couple to the Galphaq and Galphai subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, respectively. The three beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 , obo:PW_0000798 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0000370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor whose ligands include a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons and which regulates the expression of phase I and phase II drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Phase I enzymes convert otherwise inactive hydrocarbons into active metabolites with potential carcinogenic effects, thus rendering AhR a player in tumor initiation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 , obo:PW_0001229 , obo:PW_0001371 .
obo:PW_0000938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 3 signaling pathway engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 2 and 5 (Ccr2 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class II major histocompatibility complex pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Peptides generated from enzymatic degradation of proteins internalized in late endosomes or lysosomes bind to class II MHC molecules. Peptide-class II MHC complexes are delivered to the cell surface to be recognized by CD4+ T cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000825 .
obo:PW_0000907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-2 is the prototypical member of the interleukin-2 family of cytokines. The signaling pathway initiated by Il-2 and the other family members activates the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade to regulate T cell, innate and adaptive immune responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0002183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "esomeprazole pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of esomeprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002182 .
obo:PW_0000263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered regulatory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those regulatory pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant regulatory pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0001822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spironolactone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of spironolactone - a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0002622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endogenous antioxidant pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Several endogenous small proteins are involved in the antioxidant response. Subsequently they need to be reduced back for another round of response, The reductase enzymes catalyze the reaction in an NADPH-dependent manner. The expression of these and of NADPH-producing enzymes is under the control of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 .
obo:PW_0000404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "creatine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of creatine. Officially methyl guanidino-acetic acid formed from arginine and glycine and the methyl group of methionine, creatine supplies energy to muscle cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 , obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0000709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acute myeloid leukemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Acute myeloid leukemia is a common type of leukemia among adults. Abnormal cells are present inside the bone marrow that grow very vast and replace healthy blood cells. Several signaling pathways are disrupted and/or constitutively activated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000707 .
obo:PW_0002447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydromorphone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydromorphone, a derivative of the morphine family and a potent analgesic opioid drug and a narcotic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered melanocortin system pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A melanocortin dependent system pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the prohormone gene PMOC and the modifying enzyme PC1 are linked to obesity. Mutations in MC2R receptor and its accessory protein MRAP have been associated with type 1 and 2 familial glucocorticoid deficiency, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000359 , obo:PW_0000365 , obo:PW_0000511 .
obo:PW_0000997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleoside and nucleotide mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0002343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rather common condition resulting from alterations in folate metabolism and due to defects in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001841 , obo:PW_0002342 .
obo:PW_0001402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "momilactone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of momilactone - a diterpene produced by rice. Momilactone A and B can act as potent phytoalexins and allelochemicals" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001401 .
obo:PW_0001638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amiloride drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amiloride - a blocker of epithelial sodium channels used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0002680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NADPH regeneration pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the generation of a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002580 .
obo:PW_0000966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000595 .
obo:PW_0002522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flurbiprofen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of arthritis and dental pain and also as a pre-operative solution. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 , obo:PW_0002159 .
obo:PW_0000252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenoid. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modifed in manifold ways." .
obo:PW_0001100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tramadol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tramadol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tramadol is an analgesic used for the treatment of pain. The drug and its o-desmethyl metabolite are weak, but selective opiate receptor 3 (OP3) agonists. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001098 .
obo:PW_0000082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving D-arginine and D-ornithine as depicted in the KEGG diagram." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0001649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from mutations in the enzyme involved in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RuMP pathway of formaldehyde assimilation" ;
rdfs:comment "The RuMP pathway, or RuMP cycle, is one of two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation resulting in a three-carbon intermediate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001376 .
obo:PW_0000459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apelin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The apelin signaling pathway plays a role in the vascular, cardiac, bone and digestive systems as well as in the brain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gliclazide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of gliclazide, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002006 .
obo:PW_0000778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "testosterone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of testosterone, a C19-steroid hormone secreted primarily in the testes and ovaries and to a lesser extend by the adrenal glands." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000770 .
obo:PW_0001857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of procaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001855 .
obo:PW_0000933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tumor necrosis factor member 14 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tumor necrosis factor member 14, also known as Light, binds the lymphotoxin beta receptor and the tumor necrosis receptor member 14 known as Hvem of the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the dendritic (DC) and T cells of the immune system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000236 .
obo:PW_0001490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metformin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of metformin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Metformin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the activation of AMPK signaling via molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. Mitochondria is the primary target of metformin which specifically inhibits complex I of the respiratory chain. The resulting change in AMP:ATP ratio can contribute to AMPK activation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001488 .
obo:PW_0002659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "proline degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of proline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001079 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0000140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "folate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Folate metabolism represents the various aspects of the folate cycle and the folate-mediated transfer reactions essential for several biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and the folate-mediated one-carbon pathways are part of folate metabolism. Folate compounds are water-soluble forms of vitamin B9." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0002172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alendronate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alendronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0002109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclophosphamide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of cyclophosphamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The alkylating drug is used for the treatment of several cancer types but its toxicity can have severe adverse effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002107 .
obo:PW_0001503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "auditory mechanotransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The auditory mechanotransduction pathway converts mechanical stimuli into electrical signaling that are processed by the brain and account for the perception of sound, gravity and movement. The inner ear contains the cochlea and the vestibule responsible for sound and movement mechanotransduction, respectively. The auditory mechanotransduction primarily depicts the sound generated responses by the hair cells in the organ of Corti." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001502 , obo:PW_0001536 .
obo:PW_0001856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of procaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001855 .
obo:PW_0001453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valproic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of valproic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Valproic acid is used as a mood-stabilizing drug and in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently it has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001451 .
obo:PW_0000870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gefitinib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of gefitinib. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000869 .
obo:PW_0001616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adefovir drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adefovir, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of hepatitis B. It is administered as adefovir dipivoxil prodrug. Once metabolized, it acts as a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0002605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rivaroxaban pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of rivaroxaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002599 .
obo:PW_0000658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glypican signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glypicans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans represented by six families in mammals. They impact on a number of signaling pathways; the effect on signaling can be either inhibitory or stimulatory, depending on the context. They also appear to integrate directional cues important for neuronal migration, axon guidance and synapse formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000657 .
obo:PW_0001385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate fermentation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Certain anaerobic bacteria are capable of fermenting amino acids. While at least one fermentation pathway is known for every amino acid, several have been reported for glutamate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001263 .
obo:PW_0002688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyaluronan degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of hyaluronan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001154 , obo:PW_0002670 .
obo:PW_0002648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 8, which senses ssRNA oligonucleotides from RNA viruses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0000699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "parathyroid cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Parathyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer whose causes are unknown. There are four parathyroid glands, each of the two lobes of the thyroid gland houses two." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000631 .
obo:PW_0002365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A severe autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in the p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase RRM2B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002364 , obo:PW_0002366 .
obo:PW_0002544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydromorphine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of dihydromorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002542 .
obo:PW_0000464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leukotriene metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of leukotrienes - a class of eicosanoids whose effects include vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000462 , obo:PW_0000485 .
obo:PW_0001339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chromatin remodelers are large complexes that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to promote nucleosome sliding, ejection or repositioning, and histone exchange. Currently, there are four different families of chromatin remodeling complexes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001337 .
obo:PW_0002332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enoxaparin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of enoxaparin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin derivative anticoagulant that binds to and activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002330 .
obo:PW_0000988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "classical cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Classical cadherins, such as E- or N-cadherin are single-span transmembrane proteins with five extracellular cadherin repeats and a conserved cytoplasmic tail. Their interaction with many cytoskeletal and signaling molecules underlies the calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and signaling. While E- and N-cadherin share some of the interacting partners, they have different localization and impact on distinct cellular events." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000333 .
obo:PW_0002112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cimetidine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of cimetidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002110 .
obo:PW_0002004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrochlorothiazide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydrochlorothiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002003 .
obo:PW_0000582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "translation termination pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Translation termination occurs when a stop codon is read, followed by splitting of the ribosomal subunits and their recycling. Ribosome recycling also happens in the case of aberrantly stalled ribosomes due to features of the mRNA, absence of a stop codon or its premature presence. In these cases mRNA surveillance mechanisms trigger appropriate mRNA decay pathways." .
obo:PW_0000756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepine represent a class of drugs used as sedatives. They act as ligands for the GABA-A receptor to stimulate its inhibitory activity. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000755 .
obo:PW_0002741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "very-low-density lipoprotein assembly pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the two-step aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle." .
obo:PW_0000913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-12 family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-12 family members are heterodimeric cytokines produced by antigen-presenting cells. The signaling they initiate triggers the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade and plays important roles in the regulation of T helper (Th) cell differentiation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0002600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apixaban pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of apixaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002597 .
obo:PW_0002491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leukotriene C4 synthase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in leukotriene C4 synthesis due to defects in the LTC4 synthase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "deoxyribonucleotide metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis occurs via the de novo pathway mediated by ribonucleotide reductase or via the salvage pathway. The de novo pathway is responsible for the bulk of dNTP during the S phase of the cell cycle, whereas the salvage pathway mostly operates in the quiescent state of the cell. Several cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes are responsible for the initial steps of the salvage pathway in the two compartments and for the reverse reactions that control the size of the dNTP pool." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000012 .
obo:PW_0002611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered hemostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the hemostatic system can result in a series of pathological conditions. They are caused by alterations in the coagulation cascade and/or anticoagulant pathways that regulate it." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000475 , obo:PW_0001538 .
obo:PW_0001074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrophobic amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving hydrophobic, uncharged amino acids. Hydrophobic amino acids include alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and methionine with hydrocarbon side chains and the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan with bulky, aromatic side chains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 .
obo:PW_0000796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 2" ;
rdfs:comment "Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 2 receptors couple to the Galphai subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000791 .
obo:PW_0000768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "omeprazole pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of omeprazole, a representative compound of a class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000767 .
obo:PW_0002458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salicylic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of salicylic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Salicylic acid is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002456 .
obo:PW_0002552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levacetylmethadol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levacetylmethadol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002551 .
obo:PW_0000257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyketide sugar biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) represents an inherited heart muscle condition leading to arrhythmia and heart failure that could results in death. Mutations in several genes and disruption of associated pathways have been implicated in the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000022 .
obo:PW_0001844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ranitidine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ranitidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001843 .
obo:PW_0001508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cisplatin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of cisplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Cisplatin is the most potent of such drugs, it si also the one with the strongest toxic side effects. Nephorotoxicity and ototoxicity are among the primary toxic side effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001507 .
obo:PW_0001132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pazopanib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pazopanib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial or platelet derived growth factors are direct and indirect targets of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0002018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycerol kinase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare metabolic disease due to alterations in the glycerol metabolic pathway resulting from defects in the glycerol kinase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0000523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "linoleic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of linoleic acid - an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that humans and other animals cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000058 .
obo:PW_0000705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lung non-small cell carcinoma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Non-small cell lung carcinoma groups together several non-small cell lung carcinomas. The main types are represented by squamous cell, adeno- and large-cell carcinoma. Alterations in Ras and epidermal growth factor signaling, among others, have been implicated in the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000703 .
obo:PW_0002152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thrombolytic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that can dissolve blood clots. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001651 .
obo:PW_0000219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD can be synthesized de novo downstream of kynurenine metabolism of tryptophan degradation, or from precursors such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide riboside, collectively known as vitamin B3 or niacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002580 .
obo:PW_0001621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nitrogenous bisphosphate drugs, inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. The disruption of geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate production affects the cell membrane localization of proteins that depend on this lipid modification for proper placement. They include the members of the small G proteins and the impact on Ras, Rho and Rac G proteins is thought to underlie the effect of drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001620 .
obo:PW_0001767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "radical SAM enzyme mediated metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The radical SAM enzymes use their iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster(s) generate a radical using the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the substrate. The intermediate radical allows these enzymes to mediate a vast range of chemical transformations important for co-factor and lipid metabolism, peptide and RNA modification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose oxidation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various pathways thereby glucose is converted to other compounds to yield primarily ATP. The final oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water produces a net of 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000555 .
obo:PW_0000099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways involved in the repair of damaged DNA. The damage can involve mismatched or damaged bases, distortion of the helix or breaks in the DNA double strand. Repair of DNA lesions along with the upstream lesion detection and signaling its presence are collectively known as the DNA damage response." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neurological disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Neurological disorders are a group of disorders that involve the central nervous system (brain, brainstem and cerebellum), the peripheral nervous system (including cranial nerves), and the autonomic nervous system (parts of which are located in both the central and peripheral nervous systems). Major branches are headache, stupor and coma, dementia, seizure, sleep disorders, trauma, infections, neoplasms, neuro-ophthalmologic diseases, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, spinal cord disorders, and disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junctions. Many mental illnesses are believed to be neurological disorders of the central nervous system, but they are classified separately. They are not traditionally listed as neurological diseases because their causes are not definitely determined as biological, although there are good reasons to suspect that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have neuro-chemical causes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0000644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycogen biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycogen biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000532 , obo:PW_0000643 .
obo:PW_0000052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tyrosine - a non-essential amino acid produced from phenylalanine and a precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines and melanin. Along with phenylalanine and tryptophan, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 , obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0002357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "artemether pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of artemether-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Artemether is used to treat malaria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002355 .
obo:PW_0000684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "integrin mediated cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway mediated by integrins, a family of receptors that convey both 'outside-in' and 'inside-out' signals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000286 , obo:PW_0000646 .
obo:PW_0002231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atenolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of atenolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002230 .
obo:PW_0000107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xenobiotics biodegradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the breaking down of toxic chemical compounds such as oil spills, solvents, pesticides and other pollutants. These chemicals are generally resistant to degradation, but microorganisms possess enzymes that are capable of breaking them down." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001229 .
obo:PW_0000565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eicosanoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Eicosanoids, derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, are represented by the leukotriene and prostanoid classes of which the latter is represented by several families. Some can act as endogenous ligands for members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). Once activated, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and modulate the expression of target genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000469 , obo:PW_0000959 .
obo:PW_0001315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ascaroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving ascaroside, a glycolipid containing the sugar ascarylose, found in nematodes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000733 .
obo:PW_0001326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondrial translation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001068 , obo:PW_0001323 , obo:PW_0001960 .
obo:PW_0001288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenylalanine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and/or conversion of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine, which is in turn a precursor for a number of neurotransmitters and hormones. In plants, phenylalanine serves as a precursor for a large number of functional secondary metabolites." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000053 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0002149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bivalirudin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bivalirudin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002147 .
obo:PW_0000355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the maintenance of the internal environment of an organism, the adequate levels of substances and nutrients, the stability of normal body states and the feedback regulatory mechanisms that control them." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0000950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 24 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fc epsilon receptor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling cascade initiated by an activated Fc epsilon receptor. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize; thus, Fc epsilon receptors bind IgE antibody." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001150 .
obo:PW_0001730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilazapril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of cilazapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001728 .
obo:PW_0000353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving proteins affecting its expression" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s), any activity change in the proteins that regulate VEGF expression. They include transcription factors such as the hypoxia-inducible factor and the many proteins impacting on the stability and/or activity of these factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000350 .
obo:PW_0002245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prilocaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prilocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002244 .
obo:PW_0000668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mismatch repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mismatch repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in several genes in the pathway have been implicated in cases of colorectal cancer, primarily the inherited forms. To a lesser extent they are found in other types of cancer, such as type 1 endometrial cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000662 , obo:PW_0000666 .
obo:PW_0000608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervical cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervical cancer affects the cervical area and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the condition. A number of HPV proteins interact with and affect the function of several host proteins that play a role in apoptoptic pathway and/or those involved in cell proliferation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000606 .
obo:PW_0002059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eprosartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eprosartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002058 .
obo:PW_0002699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dermatan sulfate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of dermatan sulfate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001154 , obo:PW_0002698 .
obo:PW_0000844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic AMPA or NMDA and several metabotropic receptors plays important roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity, long term depression or potentiation, and in learning and memory." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000455 .
obo:PW_0002533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cocaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cocaine, a drug of few medical uses, mostly as a local anesthetic during surgery. Cocaine is highly addictive due to its effects on the reward system in the brain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0001586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Wolman disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A severe form of lipid storage disease in infants caused by deficiency of acid lipase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002347 .
obo:PW_0000279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "necrosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Necrosis represents the sum of the morphological changes indicative of cell death and is caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ. There are many causes of necrosis including injury, infection, cancer, infarction, inflammation and others. There are several distinctive morphologic patterns of necrosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001558 .
obo:PW_0001467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clopidogrel pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of clopidogrel-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of purinergic receptor P2RY12 a G-protein coupled receptor and chemoreceptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001465 .
obo:PW_0001111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tocilizumab pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000928 .
obo:PW_0001251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "regulatory pathway pertinent to the brain" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0002650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand such as a bacterial lipoprotein or peptide binding to a cotranslationally formed heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0001248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nifedipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nifedipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001247 .
obo:PW_0000208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "type 2 diabetes mellitus pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Hereditary and environmental factors are likely contributors but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance, involves alterations in insulin secretion and signaling and impaired glucose homeostasis pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000176 .
obo:PW_0000139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biotin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or H, a water-soluble vitamin. Biotin assists in various metabolic reactions and processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0002368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "immunostimulant drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used as immunostimulants. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000919 .
obo:PW_0000619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered NF-kB signaling has been implicated in a number of conditions including immunodeficiency, inflammation and several forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000499 , obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0001314 , obo:PW_0001543 .
obo:PW_0002228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "argatrobran pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002227 .
obo:PW_0002270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zoledronate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of zoledronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Zoledronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002268 .
obo:PW_0002410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cellular trafficking cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Any alteration in the proceedings of endocytosis or exocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000263 , obo:PW_0002395 .
obo:PW_0001733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ticlopidine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ticlopidine-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug can irreversibly block the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001731 .
obo:PW_0001046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tuberculosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of most forms of tuberculosis. Once in the lung, the bacteria interfere with a number of intracellular pathways and processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000030 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 , obo:PW_0000263 .
obo:PW_0002443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "opioid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to alleviate pain and which act on the nervous system in a way similar to opiate. They can be natural opiates, like morphine or codeine, endogenous opioid peptide, like endorphins, semi- or fully synthetic opioids, or drugs that chemically are not of the opioid class but act as agonists of opioid receptors. Others can act as antagonists or mixed agonists/antagonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0001520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyol pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The polyol pathway is triggered by excess glucose which is reduced to sorbitol in the first step which requires NADPH as a cofactor. Sorbitol is eventually converted to fructose. Sorbitol, which is membrane impermeable and metabolites of fructose which can lead to the production of AGEs (advance glycation endproduct), along with other pathways affected by a hyperglycemic state are thought to be associated with the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. The intermediate sorbitol in the pathway is a sugar alcohol; sugar alcohols are a class of polyols - alcohol molecules with multiple hydroxyl groups." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 , obo:PW_0001519 .
obo:PW_0000624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "breast cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Breast cancer or neoplasm is the most common cancer among women and the second worldwide after lung cancer. Deregulated pathways such estrogen or PI3K-Akt signaling have been implicated in breast cancer. In many cases, the disease is estrogen-dependent and it is possible that dysregulation of miRNA may correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor. Mutations in a number of other genes such as Brca1, 2 and 3 or p53 have also been associated with breast cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0000833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CX3C chemokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The CX3X family of chemokine is small and characterized by the presence of three residues separating the first two cysteines. Currently, only one member is known in mammals. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000829 .
obo:PW_0000532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions leading to the biosynthesis of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the cell; it represents an energy reserve that can be mobilized when and where there is a need for glucose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000533 , obo:PW_0000557 .
obo:PW_0001334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-coding RNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Non-coding RNA are functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. In addition to ribosomal and transfer RNA involved in protein translation many other small and long RNA are transcribed with important roles in the regulation of gene expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "celecoxib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of celecoxib - a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000761 .
obo:PW_0002032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flecainide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of flecainide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002031 .
obo:PW_0002306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutaric aciduria type I pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in several metabolic pathways due to defects in the GCDH gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001414 , obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "base excision repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The base excision repair pathway involves the identification and removal of a damaged base followed by its replacement with the correct nucleotide and ligation of the break in the strand." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000661 .
obo:PW_0001833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered inorganic chemical homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inorganic chemical homeostasis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0001692 .
obo:PW_0002712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vesicle-mediated transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cellular transport pathway in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The pathway begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0000633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "skin cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping together neoplastic pathways of the sweat and sebaceous gland or of neuroectodermal and neuroendocrine origins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0001872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "X-linked genetic disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions resulting from alterations in pathways involving genes on the X-chromosome in humans or in other species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001477 .
obo:PW_0000972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CXC chemokine ELR(-) subgroup mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "CXC chemokine (ELR-) subgroup mediated signaling primarily engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000830 .
obo:PW_0002253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multiple carboxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Autosomal recessive conditions resulting from alterations in biotin metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 , obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Wnt/calcium signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000199 , obo:PW_0000600 .
obo:PW_0002671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oncogene-induced cell senescence pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cellular senescence pathway associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family, which can be caused by oncogenic mutations in RAS or RAF proteins, or by oncogenic mutations in growth factor receptors, such as EGFR, that act upstream of RAS/RAF/MAPK cascade." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000277 .
obo:PW_0000167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pantothenic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pantothenic acid or panthothenate, also known as vitamin B5 - a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin B5 is the precursor to coenzyme A (CoA) which in turn, plays an essential role in fatty acids and pyruvate metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C-type natriuretic peptide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The role of the C-type signaling pathway is not well established. The receptor for the C-type natriuretic peptide, unlike the receptors for the other two types of peptides, is non-guanylyl cyclase receptor that appears to couple to adenylyl cyclase inhibition/phospholipase C activation via Gi family of G-protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000470 .
obo:PW_0001669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions resulting from impaired mitochondrial function and alterations in mitochondrial pathways and due to acquired or inherited mutations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001472 .
obo:PW_0002285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "porphyrin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrins. Porphyrins represent a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds. Many are naturally occurring and one best example is the red blood cell heme pigment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000190 .
obo:PW_0000688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in sugar transport, particularly glucose, can potentially have very harmful consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000576 , obo:PW_0000687 .
obo:PW_0001788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tranexamic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tranexamic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is an inhibitor of plasminogen and used to treat bleeding conditions and in surgery to prevent excessive bleeding Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001786 .
obo:PW_0002267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "teniposide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of teniposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of certain cancers and its mode of action is believed to be inhibition of DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002265 .
obo:PW_0000092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "M phase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying mitosis (M phase), in turn comprised of several phases, involving nuclear division and cytokinesis and resulting in the formation of two daughter cells." .
obo:PW_0001614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylsalicylic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acetylsalicylic acid, known as aspirin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001613 .
obo:PW_0002206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethylmalonic encephalopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the brain and peripheral vessels and manifested in infancy. Genetic studies identify defects in the ETHE1 gene, a mitochondrial resident gene product, thus pointing to implications in many aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fructose and mannose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose and mannose, as depicted in the KEGG diagram." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forkhead signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Forkhead proteins represent a large family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation and survival as well as organ development and speech acquisition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "irinotecan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of irinotecan-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Irinotecan is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001224 .
obo:PW_0001273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prokaryotic RNA polymerase transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of DNA transcription in prokaryotic organisms is carried out by a single polymerase. Five subunits constitute the core enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001272 .
obo:PW_0000554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucose diffusion into cells requires specific transporter proteins. Two families of hexose transporters facilitate glucose transport down its concentration gradient." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000575 .
obo:PW_0001602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose metabolism disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of glucose metabolic pathways. The condition(s) can be inherited or acquired." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001472 .
obo:PW_0001080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of valine, an essential amino acid. Valine, along with leucine and isoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0000673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered signaling pathway pertinent to development" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0002547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alkalosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic changes resulting in an excess of bases in the system causing an increase in the normal pH range." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002545 .
obo:PW_0000364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered leptin system pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000359 , obo:PW_0000363 , obo:PW_0000511 .
obo:PW_0002587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carvedilol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of carvedilol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta belonging to the third generation of blockers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002585 .
obo:PW_0000922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blood and blood forming organs drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with blood and blood forming organs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0002043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etacryninc acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etacrinic acid, a loop diuretic used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0000571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neurotrophic factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Signaling pathways activated by members of the neurotrophic family of growth factors are involved in differentiation of progenitor cells, survival and differentiation of neural cells. They exert their effects by engaging specific tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 , obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0002387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clomipramine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of clomipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is categorized as a non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002385 .
obo:PW_0000226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "putrescine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are the only polyamines synthesized in mammalian cells. Putrescine, derived from L-ornithine, an important component of the urea cycle, is the substrate for the formation of spermidine, which is in turn the substrate for spermine formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000214 .
obo:PW_0000977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0000118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethylbenzene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of ethylbenzene - a liquid hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of styrene and as a solvent and diluent for dyes and paints." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sorafenib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancer, in particular for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0002256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reteplase drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of reteplase - one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Plasminogen is a key player in the fibrinolytic cascade pathway of blood clots breakdown. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002152 .
obo:PW_0001861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procainamide response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by administration of procainamide, a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. The cytotoxic effects impact on lymphocytes and interfere with pacemaker, among others. Many of the toxic effects may result from acetylation of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0002296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosphenytoin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fosphenytoin, a drug used in the treatment of acute convulsive epileptic seizure. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002295 .
obo:PW_0000803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of epinephrine. Epinephrine is primarily synthesized in adrenal chromaffin cells in response to specific stresses that activate the sympatho-adreno-medullary system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000441 , obo:PW_0001235 .
obo:PW_0000892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-28B signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0000767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "omeprazole drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Omeprazole is the representative compound of a class of such inhibitors that are administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000918 .
obo:PW_0001525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "paracetamol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of paracetamol, a widely used analgesic known as acetaminophen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001524 .
obo:PW_0002379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydroflumethiazide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of hydroflumethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002377 .
obo:PW_0000886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-19 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0001053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Entamoebiasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Entamoeba histolyca is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of amoebiasis which affects the intestinal tissue leading to severe dysentery and ulcerations. It can also infect other tissues such as the liver and to a lesser extent the brain, lungs and spleen." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "N-Glycan degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of N-Glycans. N-Glycans are found attached to the R-group nitrogen of asparagine." .
obo:PW_0002627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bortezomib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used in the treatment of several cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I, further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000541 .
obo:PW_0001266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histidine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of histidine, an essential amino acid for humans. The biosynthesis of histidine has been extensively studied in E. coli and S. typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000051 .
obo:PW_0001458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nystatin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nystatin-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nystatin interacts with both the fungal ergosterol and the host cholesterol but its afinity for ergosterol is higher. The interaction with cholesterol impacts on the uptake and activity of the anti-angiogenic endostatin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001456 .
obo:PW_0001085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "threonine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of threonine, an essential amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transcription factor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Transcription factors mediated signaling are components of transcription that, by controlling the expression of target genes, impact upon a wide range of processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, a member of the intercrine chemokine family, has roles in many cell functions, including inflammation, immune surveillance, embryogenesis and tumor growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0000001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway is a set of inter-connected reactions and interactions whose delineation and scope are used as a model for exploring and studying, describing and understanding the working of and relationships between biomolecules within a context." .
obo:PW_0001147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eicosanoid signaling pathway via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000565 .
obo:PW_0002693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of heparin. Heparin is similar to heparan sulfates but is of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contains fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups. It is found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0002599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rivaroxaban drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002596 .
obo:PW_0001926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metolazone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metolazone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001925 .
obo:PW_0000543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a widely used intracellular pathway and the major route for channeling the cAMP signal. cAMP is regulated by adenylyl cyclases that produce it and phosphodiesterases that hydrolyze it. Compartmentalization of PKA signaling is mediated by the AKAP family of scaffold proteins that bring together the kinase, cAMP modulators and sometimes the targets." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000541 , obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0002390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "felbamate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of felbamate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002389 .
obo:PW_0000322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ephrin - ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling axis" ;
rdfs:comment "Ephrins and their receptors constitute a bidirectional signaling pathway transducing forward signals through the receptors and reverse signals through the ephrins that influence the behavior of both interacting cells. The Eph/ephrin axis plays important roles in cell morphology, adhesion and migration. Its disruption has been implicated in several human cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000332 .
obo:PW_0001013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin D signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The active vitamin D metabolite plays important roles in cell growth and differentiation and in immunity. Its receptor is a transcription factor nuclear receptor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001012 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0000420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000313 , obo:PW_0000422 .
obo:PW_0001519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose reduction pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000555 .
obo:PW_0001096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zidovudine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of zidovudine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001095 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-189200 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cell-cell signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those cell-cell signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000332 , obo:PW_0000671 .
obo:PW_0001568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA maturation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in producing the mature forms of RNAs: mRNA, tRNA and rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001567 .
obo:PW_0002638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cofactor transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The molecular aspects of transport and intracellular trafficking of cofactors and prosthetic groups." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0000113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atrazine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of atrazine - a herbicide used to kill weeds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered basic helix-loop-helix signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A basic helix-loop-helix signaling pathway that deviates from its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0001314 , obo:PW_0001371 .
obo:PW_0000232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway, involving PI3K class I enzymes, particularly class IA, controls various processes such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Class IA enzymes couple to receptor tyrosine kinases or their adaptors; class IB couple to G-protein-coupled receptors mainly via Galphai. Members of the Akt family of protein kinases are activated downstream of class I PI3Ks and collectively (Akt1, 2, and 3) phosphorylate more than 70 cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates. Deregulation of the pathway has been linked to various forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000963 , obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0001006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin homeostasis" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the proper balance of vitamin levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of vitamin homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a class of organic chemicals that the organism cannot synthesize or does not in adequate quantities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001691 .
obo:PW_0000453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of an isoprenoid. Isoprenoids are precursors of both sterols and non-sterol derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000248 .
obo:PW_0002588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bone disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions affecting the skeletal system and elements associated with it, arising from deregulation in a number of pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001593 .
obo:PW_0001204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyromimetics drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thyroid hormone analogs, many of which have tissue specific thyroid hormone action." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001203 .
obo:PW_0001807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gyrate atrophy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A progressive atrophy of the choroid and retina resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolic pathways involving ornithine aminotransferase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001496 .
obo:PW_0000839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tamoxifen pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tamoxifen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. In breast cancer cells, tamoxifen binding antagonizes estrogen binding and the subsequent conformational changes necessary for co-activators recruitment. It may also prompt the recruitment of co-repressor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000837 .
obo:PW_0001161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The turnover of RNA molecules produced by the three eukaryotic polymerases and those resulting from their processing and/or assembly. It includes the degradation of defective molecules, of excess molecules, or of defective components by the RNA surveillance or decay pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001567 .
obo:PW_0002537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lidocaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lidocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002536 .
obo:PW_0001811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methylmalonic aciduria, cobalamin-related pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A form of methylmalonic aciduria disease pathway involving cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the methionine and homocysteine metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001810 .
obo:PW_0002108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cyclophosphamide. It is a prodrug that has to be converted to its metabolite - 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide, to exhibit chemotherapeutic activity. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002107 .
obo:PW_0000560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. The members of group I (best characterized) and of group III transporters facilitate glucose transport." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000554 .
obo:PW_0002461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sodium salicylate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sodium salicylate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002460 .
obo:PW_0001842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial autophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Damage to mitochondria will promote mitophagy, the mitochondrial autophagy pathway. It exhibits features common to macroautophagy or the regular autophagy, and also features that are distinct. Under more sustained stress, the cell will promote apoptosis. Translocation of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane, to the outer membrane, provides a signal of mitochondrial dysfunction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002402 .
obo:PW_0002000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibandronate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibandronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0002061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondria transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The transport of mitochondria to sites of high energy demand, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial distribution at synaptic terminals and active growth cones is crucial for the proper function of neurons. Impaired transport and other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0000695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "" .
obo:PW_0000908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-7 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-7, an interleukin-2 family member, is secreted by several cell types and is involved in leukemia progression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0001819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stavudine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of stavudine, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0001457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nystatin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination -of nystatin. Nystatin is an antifungal that binds to ergosterol - a component of the fungal cell membrane, and also with cholesterol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001456 .
obo:PW_0000874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erlotinib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of erlotinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000872 .
obo:PW_0000891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-28A signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0001547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endocrine system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0002615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glyoxalase metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The glyoxalase pathway is the main detoxifying route to protect against the harmful effects of methylglyoxal (MG). The highly reactive dicarbonyl compound is primarily a by-product of glycolysis, but it can also result as a by-product of fatty acid and protein metabolism. MG is also known as pyruvaldehyde or 2-oxopropanol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000063 .
obo:PW_0001091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin signaling pathway via receptors engaging G alphas protein family" ;
rdfs:comment "Serotonin signaling via receptor family 4, 6, and 7 engages G alphas protein family resulting in activation of adenylyl cyclases and increased concentration of cAMP. There are seven receptor subtypes in family 4 and only one in families 6 and 7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000854 .
obo:PW_0002312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxepin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of doxepin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia. Its effects result from inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002310 .
obo:PW_0001341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered chromatin remodeling/modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromatin remodeling/modification pathway that deviate from what its normal course should be. Aberrant chromatin remodeling and modification has been associated with various conditions, particularly cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000290 , obo:PW_0001337 .
obo:PW_0001078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cysteine and methionine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0002700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypusinylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cytosolic eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) undergoes a unique two-step post-translational modification at Lysine 50 via deoxyhypusine to form hypusine. eIF5A is the only protein known to undergo hypusinylation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002715 .
obo:PW_0000274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuron-to-neuron signaling pathway via the chemical synapse" ;
rdfs:comment "A neurotransmitter-releasing pathway of neuron-to-neuron communication. It involves fusion of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and activation of postsynaptic receptors. It also involves recycling and re-release of synaptic vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000272 .
obo:PW_0001627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trifunctional protein deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Trifunctional protein deficiency is caused by alteration in the fatty acid beta degradation pathway. Specifically, mutations in the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the last three steps, have been linked to this inherited metabolic condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0000752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cholesterol biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant cholesterol biosynthesis involves defects in enzymes of both early and later steps leading to several disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000454 , obo:PW_0001306 .
obo:PW_0001390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "starch biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of starch, a carbohydrate produced by all green plants as an energy store." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000151 , obo:PW_0001391 .
obo:PW_0000610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urinary bladder cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Bladder cancer groups several types of malignant tumors of the urinary bladder. It is more prevalent in men than in women and combines both risk factors such as tobacco and exposure to certain carcinogens and genetic factors. Mutations in genes involved in a number of signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of these conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000606 .
obo:PW_0000919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as antineoplastic or as immunomodulatory agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0002604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002599 .
obo:PW_0002321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trichlormethiazide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trichlormethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002320 .
obo:PW_0000828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cytokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cytokine-initiated signaling pathways play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000577 , obo:PW_0000818 .
obo:PW_0001867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piroxicam pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of piroxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001865 .
obo:PW_0000304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "p53-independent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The p53-independent pathway of G1/S arrest in response to damaged DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000095 .
obo:PW_0002148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bivalirudin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bivalirudin, a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002147 .
obo:PW_0001536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sensory system signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 .
obo:PW_0000442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of norepinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000443 .
obo:PW_0000431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "another killed term" .
obo:PW_0002105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopa responsive dystonia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for the activity of many enzymes. Diet and supplements, such as administration of L-Dopa, may diminish the outcomes of the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002104 .
obo:PW_0000340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Notch signaling pathway involving the main players" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include receptor(s), ligand(s), and members of the CSL complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000324 .
obo:PW_0000851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine signaling pathway via D1 family of receptors" ;
rdfs:comment "Dopamine signaling via D1-like receptors engages the Galphas family of G proteins leading to activation of adenylyl cyclases and increase in intracellular cAMP. Dopamine receptors 1 and 5 belong to this family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000394 .
obo:PW_0002681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "very long-chain fatty acid beta degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fatty acid degradation via beta oxidation, acting on very long-chain fatty acids having an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000738 .
obo:PW_0002145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "argininosuccinic aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0002275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy associated with later-onset spasticity and cognitive deficit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000178 , obo:PW_0001589 , obo:PW_0001611 .
obo:PW_0000880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered corticosteroid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000566 .
obo:PW_0000103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway that mediates or facilitates the movement of biochemical material, organic and inorganic substances and/or drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0000811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Piwi-interacting RNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Piwi-RNA (piRNAs) are believed to play a role in gene silencing, particularly the silencing of transposons as many" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000809 .
obo:PW_0002324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism and due to defects in the AADC gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfate assimilation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfur, mostly found as inorganic sulfate, can be taken up by plants, microorganisms and algae. Upon reduction to sulfide, it is then incorporated into bioinorganic compounds. The underlying reactions and interactions constitute the sulfate assimilation pathway, best characterized in plants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000037 .
obo:PW_0000521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "1,2-dichloroethane degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane - a moderately reactive alkylating compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0002454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxymorphone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxymorphone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002453 .
obo:PW_0000757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of benzodiazepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used as sedatives. They act as ligands for the GABA-A receptor to stimulate its inhibitory activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000755 .
obo:PW_0000615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered BMP signaling has been implicated in cardiovascular condition, pulmonary hypertension, the juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000330 , obo:PW_0000335 , obo:PW_0000673 .
obo:PW_0002439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An X-linked dominant disorder with a range of phenotypes and reduced activities of several enzymes in a number of metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001872 , obo:PW_0002438 .
obo:PW_0000214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyamines play important roles in cell growth, proliferation and survival. They can be derived from diet as well as via cellular- and intestinal flora-mediated biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000211 .
obo:PW_0001706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate kinase deficiency of red cells pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited disorder affecting the red blood cells, resulting from alteration in the pyruvate metabolic pathway and manifesting in hemolytic anemia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001751 .
obo:PW_0000497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endogenous pathway" .
obo:PW_0001577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase III transcription termination pathway" .
obo:PW_0000280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein secretory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The secretory pathway is the route by which secreted proteins travel from sites of biosynthesis and folding, modification and sorting, to their final destinations. It involves ER insertion where folding and quality control of folding take place, move to Golgi and trans-Golgi Network (TGN) where sorting and final modifications take place, exit from Golgi and vesicular transport and delivery to plasma membrane and extracellular space or the endosomal system via constitutive or regulated exocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 .
obo:PW_0002014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "furosemide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of furosemide - a blocker of luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter used for the treatment of hypertension and edema. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0000184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenoids. The terpenoids, sometimes referred to as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally-occurring chemicals. Terpenoids are derived from five-carbon isoprene units and are assembled and modified in manifold ways. They are classified according to the number of isoprene units. The mevalonate pathway and the non-mevalonate MEP/DOXP pathway are the two biosynthetic routes. The first can branch into non-sterol and sterol-producing compounds. The second is only found in plants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001394 .
obo:PW_0002424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle endocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, their recycling and refilling for another round of exocytosis. Two recycling pathways are documented: a fast endocytosis, also referred to as 'kiss-and-run' which is thought to be clathrin-independent, and a slower route, that is clathrin-dependent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002423 .
obo:PW_0001121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bevacizumab pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor used in the treatment of several types of tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001120 .
obo:PW_0001203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "systemic hormones drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hormonal preparations that may contain natural hormones or are synthetic hormonal analogs and their derivatives. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0001244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "codeine and morphine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of codeine and morphine, a class of drugs in the opiate family used as pain relievers. Both are naturally found in the poppy plant with codeine derived from the more abundant morphine, as methylated morphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilazapril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cilazapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0000203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-homologous end joining pathway of double-strand break repair" ;
rdfs:comment "A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. Possibly constitutive, it is the most important pathway in mammalian cells and plays an important role in mitotically replicating cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000663 .
obo:PW_0001853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propranolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of propanolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001852 .
obo:PW_0001322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "deoxynivalenol biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol, a type B trichothecene produced by members of the fungal genus Fusarium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001321 .
obo:PW_0000625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "digestive system cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the biliary tract, liver, pancreas and the gastrointestinal system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0001847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rabeprazole pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rabeprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001846 .
obo:PW_0001155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "butirosin and neomycin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of butirosin and neomycin -aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by Bacillus circulans and Streptomyces fradiae, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase IV transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase IV transcription pathway is found in plants and is involved in the synthesis of small interfering RNA (siRNA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001275 .
obo:PW_0001043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bordetella pertussis infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Gram-negative Bordetella pertusis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. One of its main virulence factors, pertussis toxin blocks the interaction of Galphai subunit of heterotrimeric G protein with its partner receptors. This results in unrestrained adenylyl cyclase activity and subsequent increased concentration of cAMP which affects normal intracellular signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "long term depression" ;
rdfs:comment "Long term depression is a weakening of a synapse that lasts hours to days. It results from either strong synaptic stimulation (as in the cerebellum) or to weak synaptic stimulation (as in the hippocampus), and engages several cascades." .
obo:PW_0000173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spinocerebellar ataxia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited form of neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Several types are grouped under SCA, types 1-3, 6, 7 and 17. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000171 .
obo:PW_0002234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "folic acid deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from inadequate levels of folic acid in the diet and manifested as various forms of anemia. In certain tissues, the condition is indistinguishable from vitamin B deficiency." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001584 .
obo:PW_0000604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Erk5 MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000421 , obo:PW_0000603 .
obo:PW_0000175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "familial combined hyperlipidemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A possible subset of the metabolic syndrome, characterized by features such as hypertriglyceridemia, age-dependent changes in plasma total cholesterol, overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several metabolic and possibly other pathways deviate from their normal functioning." .
obo:PW_0000478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tissue factor pathway inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Tissue factor pathway inhibitor isoforms alpha and beta are the main anticoagulants targeting the extrinsic coagulation cascade factors F7a and F7a-dependent F10a." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000477 .
obo:PW_0000655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways mediated or initiated by oligosaccharide or polysaccharide linked proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0002201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azathioprine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of azathioprine, an immunosupressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0001943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mercaptopurine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mercaptopurine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001942 .
obo:PW_0000840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Protein kinase C constitutes a family of serine/threonine kinases activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and calcium whose signal transduction plays important roles in many cellular processes. Ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors, via the Galphaq pathway, stimulate phospholipase C, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3. IP3 promotes calcium release." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000541 , obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0000534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate can then be dephosphorylated to glucose or it can be utilized via glycolysis for energy production; an alternative pathway of G6P utilization is the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate shunt. A small percentage of glucose-6-phosphate can be converted to hexosamines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000533 , obo:PW_0000685 .
obo:PW_0000774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cortisol biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cortisol, a C21 glucocorticoid produced in the middle zone, the zona fasciculata, of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol as the precursor. It plays important roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000772 .
obo:PW_0001717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "perindopril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of perindopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001716 .
obo:PW_0001659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amlodipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0000666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered single-strand DNA repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A single-strand DNA repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant single-strand repair pathways have been linked to several diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000292 , obo:PW_0000661 .
obo:PW_0002123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorthalidone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chlorthalidone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002122 .
obo:PW_0000291 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diflunisal drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diflunisal, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0000268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kuru" ;
rdfs:comment "Kuru - an infectious form of prion disease with a long incubation period, found only among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea. It is thought to be associated with ritual cannibalism. Its manifestations include truncal and limb ataxia, tremor, others; ends invariably in death. Amyloid plaques are present in about two thirds of affected individuals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000019 .
obo:PW_0001114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sunitinib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of sunitinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sunitinib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001110 .
obo:PW_0001610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosinemia type III pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Type III tyrosinemia results from defects in the 4-hydroxyohenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the tyrosine degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001607 .
obo:PW_0001285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of valine, an essential amino acid for humans. Plants synthesize valine from pyruvic acid via a number of steps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001080 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0001792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triamterene pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of triamterene-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the epithelial sodium channels and is used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001790 .
obo:PW_0001699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urogenital disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0001915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naproxen pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of naproxen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Naproxen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001913 .
obo:PW_0001687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "verapamil pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of verapamil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001685 .
obo:PW_0002242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxeprenolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of oxeprenolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002240 .
obo:PW_0000164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ganglioside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of gangliosides - any of a group of glycosphingolipids in which the polar head group on ceramide is a sialic acid. Their names include letters and numbers where the letters M, D and T indicate the number of sialic acid residues in the molecule - one, two or three, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000733 .
obo:PW_0001182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphate homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphate is an essential element with many important roles in biology, from skeletal development and integrity to metabolism and cellular signaling. The greatest amount of phosphate is found in bone and teeth. The major regulator of phosphate homeostasis is the kidney. Maintenance of proper phosphate levels is assured by an interplay of transport and signaling pathways. Sodium phosphate co-transporters, primarily type 2 and 3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling are essential components." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001692 .
obo:PW_0002735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase I promoter clearance pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events mediating the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors." .
obo:PW_0000576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. These transporters are characterized by the presence of 12 transmembrane alpha helices. Of the 14 members of the GLUT family, 11 have been shown to be involved in sugar transport pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000575 .
obo:PW_0002212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-glycericacidemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A very rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in glycerolipid metabolism due to defects in the glycerate kinase (GLYCTK) gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0001058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "measles pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The measles virus (MV) of the genus Morbillivirus is the causative agent of the condition that bears its name. The condition causes immunosuppression and several MV proteins are thought to interfere with the normal host immune responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0001209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000189 , obo:PW_0001189 .
obo:PW_0000822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "B cell receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Antigen recognition by B cell receptors initiates signaling cascades that activate the expression of genes whose products are important for B cell functional responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000820 .
obo:PW_0002692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparan sulfate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001154 , obo:PW_0002691 .
obo:PW_0001197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000653 , obo:PW_0001196 .
obo:PW_0000862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the de novo biosynthetic pathway, pyrimidines are synthesized from simple precursors. Six reactions carried out by three enzymes in higher eukaryotes result in the formation of UMP, the precursor of all other pyrimidine nucleotides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000861 .
obo:PW_0000510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000238 , obo:PW_0000511 .
obo:PW_0001561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "necroptosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Necroptosis is a programmed or regulated form of necrosis generally triggered by DNA damage, leading to cell swelling and lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000276 .
obo:PW_0000309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caseous necrosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Caseous necrosis is a mix of coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis (e.g. tuberculosis)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000279 .
obo:PW_0000151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "starch and sucrose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of starch and sucrose, as depicted in the KEGG diagram. Starch is a polysaccharide produced by all green plants and is an important carbohydrate in the human diet. Sucrose, or the table sugar is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose that is produced by plants and cyanobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0001103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acid-base homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways that respond to and control the levels of protons, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and ammonia in cells. Several sensing pathways, i.e., prompting intracellular signaling cascades and transport have been identified as critical players. The kidneys play a major role along with the respiratory system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0002130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "candesartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of candesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002128 .
obo:PW_0002162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "betaxolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of betaxolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002160 .
obo:PW_0000976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C0) ligand 6 engages receptors 1 and 2 to promote chemoattraction of neutrophils and angiogenic effects, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0000114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzoate degradation pathway via hydroxylation" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the aerobic pathway of benzoate degradation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000282 .
obo:PW_0002335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenytoin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of phenytoin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used as an anti-seizure medication and also for certain heart arrhythmias. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002333 .
obo:PW_0000677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered insulin secretion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An insulin secretion pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered insulin secretion has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multiple defects are thought to underle malfunctions of insulin secretion; the exact molecular mechanisms are only partially understood." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000594 , obo:PW_0000674 .
obo:PW_0002382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dobutamine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dobutamine, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0000903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Leukemia inhibitory factor, an interleukin-6 family member, inhibits cell differentiation, affecting cell growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000514 .
obo:PW_0002720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate." .
obo:PW_0001825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spirapril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of spirapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0000484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered lipoprotein metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those lipoprotein metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipoprotein metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie several diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000482 , obo:PW_0000483 .
obo:PW_0001021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "melanoma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Melanoma is a form of skin cancer which, despite being less common than other forms of skin malignancies, can be dangerous if not detected earlier, and accounts for the highest percentage of skin cancer related deaths. Oncogenic Nras and other mutations in downstream pathways appear to be associated with it." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000633 .
obo:PW_0001665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antipyrine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of anitpyrine, an analgesic and antipyretic drug used to relieve pain and fever. It is thought to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0001778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propionic acidemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutations in propionyl CoA carboxylase genes resulting in alteration of amino acid metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0002562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathionuria disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from alterations in glutathione metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin signaling pathway via receptors engaging G alphai protein family" ;
rdfs:comment "Serotonin signaling via receptor family 1 and 5 primarily engages G alphai protein family resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. There are five receptors subtypes in family 1 and one in the human family 5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000854 .
obo:PW_0000987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythropoietin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling is crucial for the production of blood cell or erythropoiesis and also plays important roles in wound healing and responses to neural injury. EPO is a glycoprotein hormone and also a cytokine whose receptor belongs to type I cytokine receptor. The pathway engages the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 , obo:PW_0000828 .
obo:PW_0001744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tirofiban pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tirofiban-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tirofiban is a reversible inhibitor of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001742 .
obo:PW_0000926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An early response of the innate immunity is the secretion of cytokines critical for the acute inflammatory response. The major pro-inflammatory cytokines are tumor necrosis factor alpha and the interleukins 1 and 6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000024 .
obo:PW_0000636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein exocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The protein exocytosis pathway involves trafficking of protein-containing vesicles to their final destination. It consists of several steps: budding, transport mediated by microtubule and actin associated molecular motors, tethering/docking and fusion with target membrane. Members of the Arf and Rab family of Ras superfamily are involved in the control of exit from Golgi and exocytic route, respectively. These are two main types of protein exocytosis which also represented in the more general exocytosis thereby material is delivered outside the cell." .
obo:PW_0002639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heme transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Heme is a prosthetic group found in proteins important for many and diverse metabolic pathways. Import and export of heme into and from cells are important for proper heme homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002638 .
obo:PW_0000711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glioma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Gliomas are tumors of the brain categorized by the type of cell they are associated with, their location and grade. Several pathways appear to be deregulated via amplifications, overexpression, mutations or loss." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001550 .
obo:PW_0002487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prednisolone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of prednisolone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and also allergic reactions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002485 .
obo:PW_0001434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "toxin and toxicant response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The responses triggered by exposure to a toxin or a toxicant, a poisonous substance naturally produced by an organism or made by humans, respectively. A toxicant can be a poison, such as a pesticide. It can also be a compound for use in certain applications or a drug, the exposure to which may be toxic. Inflammatory responses, various types of cell death, changes in gene and protein expression can be induced upon exposure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 .
obo:PW_0002033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flecainde pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of flecainide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent that acts by blocking sodium and possibly other channels in cardiomyocytes. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002031 .
obo:PW_0000763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "celecoxib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of celecoxib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000761 .
obo:PW_0001814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial complex II deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving the succinate dehydrogenase complex II." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001669 .
obo:PW_0001553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered G1/S transition pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The G1/S transition pathway defines the point when the decision to complete the cell cycle is made. Deregulation of G1/S transition is observed in many human cancers and involves important players/regulators of the pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000088 , obo:PW_0001552 .
obo:PW_0002570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diphenoxylate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diphenoxylate, a drug of the phenulpiperidine sries used for the treatment of diarrhea. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0001691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "organic chemical homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the proper balance of organic chemical levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of organic chemical homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a broad class of substances containing carbon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0000079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Duplicated Selenoamino acid metabolism term" ;
rdfs:comment "OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133" .
obo:PW_0001572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase I transcription termination pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Termination of transcription by the polymerase I system requires the recruitment of specific factors to particular DNA elements." .
obo:PW_0002595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dabigatran pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of dabigatran-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002593 .
obo:PW_0001335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "long non-coding RNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Long non-coding RNA, of which there are several types, perform important regulatory roles whose function and mechanism are under investigation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001334 .
obo:PW_0000587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "narcolepsy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Narcolepsy is a neurological condition characterized by excessive day sleep, an inability to maintain awake states. Dysfunction of the orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway has been linked to this condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000178 .
obo:PW_0001480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kinin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The active kinin peptides generated by the kallikrein-kinin cascade - bradykinin, kallidin and their C-terminal processed metabolites, signal via two G-protein coupled (GPCR) receptors. The two receptors employ similar signaling pathways but also exhibit distinct patterns. Type 1 receptor is inducible, type 2 is ubiquitous and can form heterodimers with angiotensin II receptors." .
obo:PW_0001531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin I2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostaglandin I2 signaling exerts potent vasodilator and anti-thrombic effects. Its actions oppose those of thromboxane A2, the other prostanoid important for the cardiovascular system homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001297 .
obo:PW_0002092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galactosemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A galactosemia resulting from defects in the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase enzyme GALT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002091 .
obo:PW_0000599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Wnt signaling, canonical pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in core components of the canonical pathway have been implicated in several types of cancer as well as diseases other than cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000201 , obo:PW_0000598 .
obo:PW_0001781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "primary hyperoxaluria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A genetic disorder characterized by the excretion of large amounts of oxalate and present in several forms depending on the alteration of the glyoxalate metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 , obo:PW_0001780 .
obo:PW_0002637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The core mitochondrial iron-sulfur assembly and export pathways are crucial for the assembly of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Despite knowledge of the export system, the species that is actually transported remains to be determined. The exported molecule is usually termed X-S." .
obo:PW_0001435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nanomaterial response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to a nanomaterial. Nanomaterials, such as fullerenes and inorganic nanoparticles are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications. However, in a dose-dependent manner, they may exert toxic effects that affect cellular pathways and processes and elicit defense mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0002503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoprenaline pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of isoprenaline-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of heart block and slow heart rate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002501 .
obo:PW_0001820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stavudine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of stavudine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001819 .
obo:PW_0002036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fentanyl pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of fentonyl-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a synthetic opioid analgesic acting as a strong inhibitor of mu receptors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002034 .
obo:PW_0001445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ezetimibe pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ezetimibe-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ezetimibe is a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001443 .
obo:PW_0001002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "copper homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the proper balance of copper levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as needed by cells, tissues and organs. Copper is a cofactor in proteins mediating electron transfer reactions and is required by plants as a micronutrient." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000589 .
obo:PW_0000791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha receptor 1 and 2 couple to the Galphaq and Galphai subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, respectively. The three beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 , obo:PW_0000798 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0002354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antiparasitic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as antiparasitic agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0001017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "renal cell carcinoma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Renal cell cancer, although representing a small percentage of human neoplasms, has one of the highest rates of mortality amongst genitourinary cancers. Several mutated genes and associated altered pathways have been implicated in the condition but many more remain to be elucidated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000606 .
obo:PW_0002553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levacetylmethadol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of levacetylmethadol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts as a mu-receptor agonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002551 .
obo:PW_0001564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anoikis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Anoikis is a form of apoptotic programmed cell death triggered by the absence of cell-matrix interactions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000009 .
obo:PW_0000326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered protein degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000293 , obo:PW_0000325 .
obo:PW_0002161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "betaxolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of betaxolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002160 .
obo:PW_0000939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 4 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0002022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosinopril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fosinopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0000406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metabolic pathway pertinent to the brain" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0000445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "excitatory neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000437 .
obo:PW_0000236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Members of TNF superfamily mediate autoimmunity and inflammation, cell proliferation, survival and/or apoptosis through a number of signaling mechanisms that involve activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, of caspases and/or of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). TNF superfamily has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including tumorigenesis, septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000828 .
obo:PW_0000332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell-cell signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The cell-cell signaling pathway conveys information between cells using cell adhesion molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000648 .
obo:PW_0001766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "radical SAM enzyme mediated RNA processing pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA molecules such as ribosomal and transfer RNA, rRNA and tRNA respectively, undergo many modifications to achieve functionality. Among the many modifications, there are those introduced by iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster-containing enzymes. Most have radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) domains that use SAM to produce 5-adenosyl radical; the intermediate allows them to mediate a vast range of chemical transformations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001567 , obo:PW_0001767 .
obo:PW_0000948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 22 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (Ccr4) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the developmental subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kanamycin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of kanamycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Kanamycin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of several infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001421 .
obo:PW_0001413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "liver disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the liver." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001697 .
obo:PW_0001067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered ribosome biogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the pathway result in specific phenotypes collectively known as ribosomopathies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001066 , obo:PW_0001068 .
obo:PW_0000315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcineurin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Calcineurin - a calcium/calmodulin dependent serine/threonine phosphatase - plays important regulatory roles in cardiac muscle growth and differentiation, memory processes and apoptosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000314 , obo:PW_0000653 .
obo:PW_0000965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class II signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000595 .
obo:PW_0002184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "esomeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of esomeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Esomeprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002182 .
obo:PW_0000980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 9 engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0002238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penbutolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of penbutolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002237 .
obo:PW_0002057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eptifibatide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of eftifibatide-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The platelet aggregation inhibitor belongs to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002055 .
obo:PW_0000434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ubiquitination pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with ubiquitin. Ubiquitination is well known for targeting proteins for degradation. However, ubiquitination is also used as a tag that modulates the signaling outcomes of modified substrates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000433 .
obo:PW_0002465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamazepine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of carbamazepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Carbamazepine is used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. The drug stabilizes the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels and can also act as a GABA receptor agonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002463 .
obo:PW_0002592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin K cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The vitamin K cycle is an essential aspect of its metabolism. The carboxylation of glutamate residues in vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins, necessary for their function, requires a reduced form of vitamin K as a cofactor. The resulting oxidized compound is converted back to the reduced form via a two-step reduction reaction. Natural and synthetic antagonists block the cycle and thus, the VKD protein modification. VKD proteins include coagulation factors; antagonists are used as anti-coagulation, anti-thrombotic agents." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001016 .
obo:PW_0001352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered metal ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001353 .
obo:PW_0001721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lisinopril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001719 .
obo:PW_0000350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A VEGF mediated pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant VEGF mediated pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers. Upregulation of VEGF expression is associated with cancer and tumor growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000243 , obo:PW_0000298 , obo:PW_0001538 .
obo:PW_0000285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered heparan sulfate pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic pathways involving heparan sulfate (HS) that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant HS pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways may be involved in diseases. An example is the potential role of HS in Alzheimer's disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000284 , obo:PW_0000524 .
obo:PW_0001954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eukaryotic DNA replication pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nuclear eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the context of the cell cycle during the S-phase. The fast and accurate replication of DNA requires the presence and the coordinated function of a complex of proteins known as the replisome. The exact composition of the replisome in higher organisms still has to be fully determined. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Human mtDNA is a small, circular molecule that resides in the matrix and, depending on cell type, can exist as a few to several thousands copies. mtDNA has its own replicative machinery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000098 .
obo:PW_0000467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peptide and protein hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000465 .
obo:PW_0001894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - agents derived from dihydropyridine and used to reduce arterial pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001892 .
obo:PW_0002097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "muscle hypotonia disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A disorder manifested by a diminished skeletal muscle tone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002096 .
obo:PW_0001770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "docetaxel pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of docetaxel-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Docetaxel is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001768 .
obo:PW_0001424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neviparine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neviparine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0000348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital heart defects pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000347 .
obo:PW_0001908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "olmesartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of olmesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001907 .
obo:PW_0000785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered lipid hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000469 , obo:PW_0000509 .
obo:GO_0006384 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrocodone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydrocodone, a narcotic analgesic synthesized from codeine and used for relief of moderate to severe pain. It is also used as an antitussive to treat cough. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0002484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloroprocaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of chloroprocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002482 .
obo:PW_0000393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mTOR signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000180 , obo:PW_0000290 , obo:PW_0000359 .
obo:PW_0001803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of streptomycin, a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0002025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forasartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of forasartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-73780 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enkephalin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of enkephalin, a pentapeptide involved in the regulation of nociception." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000447 .
obo:PW_0002573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypoglycemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in glucose metabolism and homeostasis leading to abnormally low blood glucose levels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001602 .
obo:PW_0002011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glyburide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of glyburide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glyburide is also known as glibenclamide. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002009 .
obo:PW_0002317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caffeine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of caffeine, a psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. It can confer some protective effects against some conditions. It is largely considered safe but the pure powdered caffeine, available as dietary supplement, can be lethal in higher amounts. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002316 .
obo:PW_0002584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sirtuin mediated pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Sirtuins belong to the class III deacetylases that carry out NAD-dependent deacetylation and other activities. They are sensors of NAD/NAM ratio and play important roles in cellular homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002581 .
obo:PW_0001542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "organismal aging pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Organismal aging represents the sum of impaired functions and pathways. It is associated with changes in homeostatic responses and circadian rhythm, mitochondrial stress and dysfunction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000651 .
obo:PW_0001948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "meloxicam drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosphingolipids - glycolipids with sugar(s) attached to the ceramide core. Based on the sequences of the core carbohydrate residues, they are classified into a number of series such as lacto- and neolacto-, globo-, ganglio- or muco-series." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000197 .
obo:PW_0002173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alendronate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alendronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001623 , obo:PW_0002172 .
obo:PW_0002709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "organic cation transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the the elimination of a variety of endogenous cationic substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body, mediated by families of transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001348 .
obo:PW_0000138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin B6 metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin B6 - a water-soluble vitamin that exists in several forms. Vitamin B6 is required for many enzymatic reactions as the active pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) form. A number of organisms can carry out de novo synthesis of vitamin B6; humans derive it from diet." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tRNA maturation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Processing of the initial tRNA transcript, including splicing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs and multiple modifications to produce the mature tRNA molecule that is exported to the cytoplasm." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001568 .
obo:PW_0001960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondria homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and aging." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0001959 .
obo:PW_0000433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein modification pathway via conjugation with ubiquitin and ubiqutin-like molecules" ;
rdfs:comment "Conjugation of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules proceeds via a cascade-like, enzyme-driven mechanism with diverse functionality." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002715 .
obo:PW_0002290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperargininemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal condition resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the arginase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0002645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 5, the receptor for flagellin, expressed on epithelial cells as well as on macrophages and dendritic cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0000142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q. Ubiquinone is a member of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and plays important roles in cellular metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "" .
obo:PW_0001920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nalbuphine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nalbuphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001919 .
obo:PW_0002050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "escitalopram pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of escitalopram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002049 .
obo:PW_0002316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "psychostimulant drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of psychoactive drugs that can induce an improvement in the mental or physical activity. While such drugs are used as prescription medicine they can also be abused and some substances in this category are illicit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0000050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arginine and proline metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arginine - an essential amino acid - and proline - an amino acid that can play important roles in protein secondary structure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0002301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphingolipidosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting in abnormal accumulation of sphingolipids in the central nervous system and also visceral organs due to defects in their degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 , obo:PW_0002300 .
obo:PW_0000579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "somatostatin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Somatostatin signaling through its receptors regulates processes such as proliferation, secretion and motility via inhibition of growth hormone and factor. The potential anti-tumor activity of somatostatin has led to the development and clinical use of its analogs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002417 , obo:PW_0002419 .
obo:PW_0001212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plevitrexed pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of plevitrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets thymidylate synthase and is used in the treatment of several cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001210 .
obo:PW_0002419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 , obo:PW_0000483 .
obo:PW_0000662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mismatch repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mismatch repair pathway assures the maintenance of normal Watson-Crick base pairing. Bases incorrectly matched during DNA replication are removed and replaced with the correct ones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000661 .
obo:PW_0000247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transforming growth factor-beta Smad independent signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "TGF-beta can activate signaling cascades other than the Smad-mediated ones, including MAPK pathways such as Erk, p38 and JNK. The mechanisms of MAPK pathway activation by TGF-beta are not well understood." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000206 .
obo:PW_0002498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor agonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors agonists. The drugs can be either selective or non-selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0001676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vindesine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vindesine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001672 .
obo:PW_0000621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000595 , obo:PW_0000620 .
obo:PW_0000131 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Metabolism of complex carbohydrates" ;
rdfs:comment "OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted" .
obo:PW_0000744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucocerebroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glucocerebroside, a cerebroside in which the monosaccharide is glucose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000734 .
obo:PW_0000669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycoprotein signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycoprotein signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000656 , obo:PW_0000670 .
obo:PW_0001024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "autoimmune thyroiditis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) groups several conditions that are generally relatively mild but that can progress to serious symptoms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0002328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of heparin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002327 .
obo:PW_0001240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostanoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of prostanoids, a class of eicosanoids that contains the prostaglandins, the thromboxanes and prostacycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000485 .
obo:PW_0001032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "morphine addiction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Morphine, an effective pain killer drug, can also be extremely addictive. Activation of dopamine neurons and reduction of inhibitory synaptic transmission might be associated with the effects or morphine. Changes in neuronal responses and communication may underlie the addictive behavior." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001029 .
obo:PW_0001166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endocannabinoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001165 .
obo:PW_0000727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nateglinide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nateglinide. The drug is used as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel it stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0002429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prior to exocytosis and following endocytosis, synaptic vesicles go through several trafficking steps that prepare them for neurotransmitter release." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002423 .
obo:PW_0002360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fanconi syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Condition resulting from genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the kidney tubules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002213 .
obo:PW_0002581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotinamide adenine nucleotide utilization pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD, in addition to its well known role as a cofactor in redox reactions, also serves as a substrate for several classes of enzymes. These include the sirtuin deacetylases, the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose transferases/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) synthases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002580 .
obo:PW_0000027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamic acid/glutamate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation glutamic acid/glutamate. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000445 , obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0002220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001669 , obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0001125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "axitinib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of axitinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Axitinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Axitinib is a selective second generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001123 .
obo:PW_0002159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sensory organ drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used in the treatment of conditions affecting the sensory organs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0002101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hereditary fructose intolerance syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism and due to defects in the fructose-1-phosphate aldolase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002099 .
obo:PW_0002704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoxin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of lipoxins. Lipoxins are non-classic eicosanoid signaling molecules that have four conjugated double bonds and are derived from arachidonic acid. They form during, then act to resolve, inflammatory responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001137 , obo:PW_0001239 .
obo:PW_0002141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alpha-helical insertion pathway of mitochondrial protein import" ;
rdfs:comment "The mitochondrial protein import thereby alpha-helical proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are sorted and assembled." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001962 .
obo:PW_0001836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "roxatidine acetate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of roxatidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a specific antagonist H2 receptor and it is used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001834 .
obo:PW_0000651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aging pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Aging or the overall deteriorating change of function can be at the cellular level as well as the whole organism level. Cellular aging or senescence underlies organismal aging." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0001259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrophilic amino acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 , obo:PW_0001257 .
obo:PW_0000657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "proteoglycan signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways initiated or mediated by proteoglycans - heavily glycosylated proteins that have glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s) linked to their protein cores. GAGs are long unbranched polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units. Proteoglycans are categorized by the nature of the GAG chain or by their size." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000655 .
obo:PW_0001186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling cascade" ;
rdfs:comment "The calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling cascade require an upstream CAMK kinase (CAMKK) for activating phosphorylation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000316 .
obo:PW_0000690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000560 , obo:PW_0000689 .
obo:PW_0002398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "regulated exocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A signal-dependent exocytic pathway employed by particular cell types. For instance, the release of hormones and neurotransmitters by neuroendocrine cells is mediated by regulated exocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002396 .
obo:PW_0000296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is thickened. Many physiological and pathological conditions as well as many pathways underlie the hypertrophic response." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000022 .
obo:PW_0002126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "captopril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of captopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0002125 .
obo:PW_0002715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "post-translational protein modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the covalent altering of one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000432 .
obo:PW_0002667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fructose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of fructose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002666 .
obo:PW_0000121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetrachloroethene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of tetrachloroethene (acetylene tetrachloride) - used as a solvent for fats, waxes, resins and as an intermediate in the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alpha-linolenic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of alpha-linolenic acid - an unsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. Alpha-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid that humans and other animals cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000058 .
obo:PW_0001118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered energy metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0002119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histamine signaling pathway, immunological" ;
rdfs:comment "Histamine signaling is important for the central and to some extent the peripheral nervous systems and is also involved in the immune responses. Histamine signaling engages four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In the immune system/inflammatory it involves receptors H2 and H4. H2 couples to Galphas." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000818 , obo:PW_0002120 .
obo:PW_0002350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lornoxicam pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of lornoxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used to relieve various types of pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002348 .
obo:PW_0001965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lansoprazole pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of lansoprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lansoprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors pharmacologically related to omperazole, used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001963 .
obo:PW_0002346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etoposide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of etoposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Etoposide is a cytotoxic anticancer drug in the topoisomerase inhibitor class. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002344 .
obo:PW_0001429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amikacin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of amikacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amikacin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001427 .
obo:PW_0001919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nalbuphine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nalbuphine, a semi-synthetic opioid used an analgesic for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gastric cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Gastric cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide and has a high death rate. Deregulated pathways, such as Wnt, PI3K-Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK, have been implicated in the development of gastric cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000627 .
obo:PW_0000162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are enriched in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and display multiple biological functions. They participate in tissue development, cell recognition and adhesion, and act as receptors for toxins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000197 .
obo:PW_0001869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from impaired lipid metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0002690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "keratan sulfate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of keratan sulfate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001154 , obo:PW_0002689 .
obo:PW_0001831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered iron homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An iron homeostasis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Either iron deficiency or iron overload contributes to the development of numerous conditions, from anemia to inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, infection and neurodegenerative diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000590 , obo:PW_0001832 .
obo:PW_0002371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cetuximab drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cetuximab, a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002370 .
obo:PW_0002402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cellular autophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cellular autophagy involves the mechanisms whereby dysfunctional components, proteins or organelles, are targeted to the lysosomes for destruction. Three main pathways are known: macroautophagy generally referred to as autophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. A fourth is the autophagy pathway for the removal of damaged mitochondria whose features are both shared with regular autophagy and distinct." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000276 .
obo:PW_0001605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orotic aciduria 1 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The most common form of the orotic acid inborn error metabolic disease pathway is due to deficiency in the uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001604 .
obo:PW_0000321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Hedgehog signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Hedgehog signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling pathway has been involved in a number of human cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000122 , obo:PW_0000673 .
obo:PW_0000110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "toluene and xylene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of toluene and xylene. Toluene is used as organic solvent in rubber, paint, cement. Xylene represents any of three benzene derivatives used as solvent in printing, rubber, also as a cleaning agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0000229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphaq family" ;
rdfs:comment "Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpha/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001539 .
obo:PW_0002134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bupranolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of buoranolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0002511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of dopamine. Dopamine degradation can be initiated by two enzymes. Dopamine can spontaneously oxidize and in the process, radicals are being produced. Storage of newly synthesized dopamine or degradation of excess cytosolic dopamine prevents oxidation of dopamine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000409 , obo:PW_0002510 .
obo:PW_0002435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fondaparinux drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002434 .
obo:PW_0001755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate dehydrogenase E3 deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001752 .
obo:PW_0001971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketoprofen pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ketoprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ketoprofen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001969 .
obo:PW_0001931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperprolinemia type I pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the proline amino acid metabolic pathway and involving the enzyme proline oxidase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0002081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diflunisal pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of diflunisal-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Diflunisal is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002079 .
obo:PW_0000493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Corticotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to stress or fear and signaling through its receptors stimulates secretion of corticotropic (adrenocorticotropic, ACTH) hormone by the anterior pituitary. ACTH is one of the cleavage products of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abciximab drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abciximab, an integrin receptor antagonist used as a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0001144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "micropinocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The incorporation of macromolecules or other chemical substances into cells by membrane invagination and the pinching off of relatively small vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000281 .
obo:PW_0000153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triacylglycerol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of triacylglycerols - esters of glycerols with three fatty acid molecules. Triglycerides are the common form of transport and storage of fatty acids. Esters with one or two fatty acid molecules are metabolic intermediates present in small amounts." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001156 .
obo:PW_0001858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "procainamide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of procainamide, a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. There are many adverse side effects and the cytotoxicity of the drug is documented. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0001680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vincristine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of vincristne-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001675 .
obo:PW_0002413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered endosome export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the endosome export pathway can dramatically impact on cellular fate. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002406 , obo:PW_0002412 .
obo:PW_0001710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ramipril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramipril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0002408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "recycling export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The recycling export pathway routes receptors and other proteins back to the plasma membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002406 .
obo:PW_0001739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "timolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of timolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. It binds and inhibits the beta 1 receptor and is used in for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0001300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trehalose degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of trehalose. While the synthesis of trehalose does not take place in vertebrates, the catabolic route of its metabolism does occur." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001298 .
obo:PW_0001193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kinase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Kinases are essential components of biological pathways. Phosphorylaton by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases exert major regulatory roles. In addition, they can also initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Kinases represent a significant fraction of eukaryotic genes and prominent amongst them are the serine/threonine kinases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocaproic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of aminocaproic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001653 .
obo:PW_0000068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methane metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways used by methanotrophs and the methanogens that metabolize methane as the sole carbon source or as a byproduct." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0002724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial tRNA modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that encoded genetically." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002714 .
obo:PW_0000049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cysteine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cysteine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases. Its side chain contains a sulfhydryl group that is readily oxidized to form the cystine dimer covalently linked by a disulfide bond." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein C anticoagulant pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Activated protein C, with the aid of protein S, inhibits F8a and F5a - the important cofactors of the intrinsic tenase and thrombinase complexes, respectively, of coagulation cascade." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000477 .
obo:PW_0000489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiopoietin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiopoietin signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of angiogenic remodeling. Recent studies suggest that the pathway may also be involved in lymphangiogenesis and possibly in the development of hematopoietic system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0001450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nicotine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nicotine is an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exerts stimulatory roles. It is also responsible for tobacco dependence. Prolonged exposure and high levels of nicotine can have toxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000721 .
obo:PW_0002626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ferroptosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death that is triggered by conditions or molecules that inhibit the Gpx4 function. Loss of function of glutathione peroxidase GPX4 results in accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000276 .
obo:PW_0000091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G2/M transition pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying the transition from the G2 phase into mitosis." .
obo:PW_0000400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism" ;
rdfs:comment "The transulfuration pathway is one of the two routes of homocysteine metabolism. It allows for the transfer of sulfur from methionine to cysteine. 70% of cysteine is then converted to glutathione and the remainder ends up as either taurine or pyruvate and sulfate." .
obo:PW_0002403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cellular autophagy" ;
rdfs:comment "A cellular autophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered cellular autophagy has been associated with a range of human conditions and disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002402 .
obo:PW_0002339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexiletine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of mexiletine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002337 .
obo:PW_0000932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methotrexate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of methotrexate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The impact of MTX on cancer and rheumatoid arthritis is thought to arise through distinct mechanisms and pharmacodynamics pathways. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000930 .
obo:PW_0000943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 8 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 3 and 5 (Ccr3 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sterol, vitamin K, vitamine E and cartenoids biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted." .
obo:PW_0002194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bupivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bupivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts mainly as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002192 .
obo:PW_0001331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase II transcription elongation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase II transcription elongation commences when the nascent transcript reaches about 25 residues. Some general transcription factors are released and the RNA polymerase II carries out elongation of the pre-mRNA transcript and proofreading. Various regulators control early elongation, proximal promoter pausing and full elongation proceedings. Nascent mRNA processing, splicing and alternative splicing are co-occurring." .
obo:PW_0001976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error amino acid transport disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Disorders caused by alterations in the amino acid transport pathways across cell membranes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "small non-coding RNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The small non-coding RNA pathways have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression. Three major classes have been identified of which the microRNA (miRNA) system is the better understood one." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001334 .
obo:PW_0002472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "other antidepressant drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to treat various forms of depression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002114 .
obo:PW_0001878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "X-linked intellectual disability pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Genetic disorders involving intellectual disabilty resulting from alterations in pathways whose component genes are located on the X chromosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001872 .
obo:PW_0001491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metformin-gene, gene-chemical, gene-gene interaction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The expanded network of metformin-interacting genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001488 .
obo:PW_0001558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-programmed cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cell death pathways that are not the result of a regulated process and may be the result of injury or trauma, such as necrosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000275 .
obo:PW_0001654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocaproic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of aminocaproic acid. The drug is used in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001653 .
obo:PW_0002656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the biosynthesis of DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 , obo:PW_0000875 .
obo:PW_0000417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like/proteasome degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitination, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin, or ubiquitin-like, to target proteins is a key signal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000325 .
obo:PW_0000422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered stress-regulated MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000312 , obo:PW_0000421 .
obo:PW_0002566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenine phoshoribosyltransferase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder leading to the formation of urinary stones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 , obo:PW_0002567 .
obo:PW_0001363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lactose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving lactose, a disaccharide found in milk." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tiaprofenic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tiaprofenic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, especially arthritic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0002676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered biotin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A biotin metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000139 , obo:PW_0000429 .
obo:PW_0001510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cisplatin response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to cisplatin, a widely used and very potent anti-cancer platinum containing drug. It is also the one with the most toxic side effects. Nephorotoxicity and ototoxicity are among the primary toxic side effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001509 .
obo:PW_0001889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pantoprazole pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pantoprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001888 .
obo:PW_0001959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondria homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various pathways and mechanisms that assure the proper function and abundance of mitochondria within cells. In addition to being the powerhouse of the cell as the place of oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also the site of other important metabolic pathways and play essential roles in calcium storage and signaling and apoptosis, among others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0001883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pirenzepine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pirenzepine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001882 .
obo:PW_0000455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "excitatory synaptic transmission pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Synaptic transmission, or neurotransmission is the pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling via the chemical synapse and mediated by neurotransmitters. Their effect can be excitatory or inhibitory and many neurotransmitters can exert either effect. The major excitatory neurotransmitter is the amino acid glutamate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 .
obo:PW_0000529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin (1-7) signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin (1-7) is derived from angiotensin II through the action of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or from angiotensin I through the action of neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Angiotensin (1-7) signaling appears to have a vasodilatory effect but the exact action of this peptide in humans remains to be established." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000245 .
obo:PW_0000937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 2 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (Ccr2) and together with other CC chemokines it is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of prostaglandins - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids with many regulatory functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000461 , obo:PW_0001240 .
obo:PW_0000143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insulin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Insulin, the peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells, plays essential roles in glucose and energy homeostasis. Insulin signaling activates two main intracellular pathways to regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and to prompt glucose absorption in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with a number of conditions, primarily diabetes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "musculoskeletal disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions affecting the muscular and skeletal systems and elements associated with them, arising from deregulation in a number of pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stress-regulated MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "MAPK signaling pathways that are responding to stress or injury as well as inflammatory cytokines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000007 .
obo:PW_0001911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nebivolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nebivolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001910 .
obo:PW_0001059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxidative phosphorylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxidative phosphorylation is the coupling of the electron transport chain and the ATP biosynthetic pathways. The electron transfer chain generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the phosphorylation of ADP. Under certain circumstances the two may be uncoupled." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0002590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "osteochondrodysplasia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions resulting from the abnormal development of cartilage and bone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001477 , obo:PW_0002588 .
obo:PW_0001862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prednisone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisone - a synthetic glucocorticoid that is particularly effective as a immunosuppressant drug. Both short- and long-term effects can occur. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 , obo:PW_0001203 , obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0001316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ascaroside biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of ascaroside - a glycolipid containing the sugar ascarylose, found in nematodes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001315 .
obo:PW_0000570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hexosamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of hexosamines, amino sugars created by adding an amino group to a hexose. Hexosamines, particularly N-acetylglucosamine, are used to modify proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000152 .
obo:PW_0002548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lactic acidosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An acidosis caused by alteration in lactic acid metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002546 .
obo:PW_0000264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant signaling pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0002030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoxetine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of fluoxetine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002028 .
obo:PW_0002500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor non-selective agonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-selective adrenergic beta receptors agonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002498 .
obo:PW_0002400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "degradative endosome sorting pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The lysosome is the final destination of endosomal degradative and autophagy pathways. Fusion of late endosomes and mature autophagosome with the lysosome form the endolysosome or autolysosome, respectively, where cargo is actively degraded." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002399 .
obo:PW_0000037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfur metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving sulfur - a component of methionine and cysteine amino acids and of co-enzymes and vitamins. It also serves as electron donor in anaerobic respiration. Microorganisms and plants can incorporate inorganic sulfate into bioinorganic compounds; higher organisms derive them from diet." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0002609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 4" ;
rdfs:comment "Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4/F2RL3) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR4 signaling plays important roles in the inflammatory response." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002606 .
obo:PW_0001526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "paracetamol response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to paracetamol, a widely used analgesic also known as acetaminophen. Paracetamol overdose is associated with hepatic toxicity and a leading cause of liver failure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0000854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Serotonin signaling exerts many roles, from regulation of appetite, mood and sleep to involvement in learning and memory and in muscle contraction. Serotonin signals via several receptors known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT receptors. With one exception, 5-HT receptors are G protein-coupled receptors engaging distinct G protein signaling to elicit distinct, both inhibitory and excitatory responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 , obo:PW_0000466 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0000488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antigen processing pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Antigen processing pathway engages the proteosomal machinery in the cytosol, ER specific proteases as well as chaperones for loading the HMC class I molecules with the 8-10 amino acid peptides" .
obo:PW_0000639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. The members of group I (best characterized) and of group III transporters facilitate glucose transport. Of the three members of group I, Slc2a4 (Glut4), is involved in insulin-mediated uptake of glucose in the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The response - central to glucose homeostasis - brings together several signaling and trafficking events." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000560 .
obo:PW_0002313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indometacin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes. It is commonly used to reduce fever, pain and swelling in wide range of conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "N-linked glycan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of N-linked glycans. A 14 residue sugar is first built on a dolichol carrier and then attached to the amide group of an asparagine of a nascent polypeptide chain. The asparagine is in a specific amino acid sequence. Subsequent processing involves removal as well as addition of various sugars and produces a wide range of N-glycan structures." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000146 .
obo:PW_0000689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000554 , obo:PW_0000594 , obo:PW_0000687 .
obo:PW_0000739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid alpha degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The degradation of branched-chain fatty acids is carried out by the alpha oxidation pathway. In humans, this pathway occurs in peroxisomes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000642 .
obo:PW_0001175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF) also known as hormone-like belong to the 15/19/21/23 phylogenetic subfamily, also referred to as FGF19 subfamily. They have low affinity for the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and rely on the Klotho family members to bind the receptors under physiological conditions. In particular, FGF23 signaling via Klotho, also known as the FGF23/Klotho axis plays a central role in vitamin D metabolism and renal phosphate homeostasis. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000328 .
obo:PW_0001596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abacavir pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of abacavir, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001595 .
obo:PW_0001938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001441 .
obo:PW_0000856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylcholine signaling pathway via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors engaging G alphai protein family" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetylcholine signaling via receptor type M2 and M4 primarily engages G alphai protein family resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. The receptors are expressed in various areas of the brain and the cell membrane of effector tissues. A special feature is their role as autoreceptors at the presynapse of cholinergic neurons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000843 .
obo:PW_0002136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bupranolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of buopranolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002134 .
obo:PW_0000066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C5-branched dibasic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0001070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "luteinizing hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Lutenizing hormone signaling is important for the normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. It acts synergistically with the follicle-stimulating hormone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "parathyroid hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling is important for calcium and phosphate homeostasis in bone and kidney. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood, has both anabolic and catabolic effects in the bone and regulates calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the kidney. It also plays important roles in vitamin D metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001180 .
obo:PW_0000477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "natural anticoagulant pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endogenous routes of inhibiting the coagulation cascade, collectively known as the natural anticoagulant pathways." .
obo:PW_0000026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citric acid cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of chemical reactions that are central to all aerobic cells and constitute the citric acid cycle. Also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or Krebs cycle, it is the center of convergence for all molecular fuels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0000609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostate cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostate cancer is a frequent form of cancer in men over the age of fifty. It is usually asymptomatic but when in an advanced stage, it may spread to other parts of the body, causing symptoms others than those sometimes observed. Several susceptibility as well as defective genes have been identified." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000606 .
obo:PW_0002215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in creatine metabolism due to mutations in the GAMT gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001611 .
obo:PW_0002694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of heparin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001154 , obo:PW_0002693 .
obo:PW_0001040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium of which many species exist, in humans can cause gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever. Salmonella enters the host via the digestive tract; bacteria that escape the host defense machinery can survive and replicate in Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) whose maturation they control." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered calcium homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Dysfunction of calcium homeostasis has been implicated in several human neural, neurodegenerative and cardiac conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0000371 , obo:PW_0001832 .
obo:PW_0002294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AICA-ribosuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway and due to defects in the enzyme catalyzing the final steps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001496 , obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0001220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitric oxide mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitric oxide (NO) signaling, well known for its vasodilation effects, exerts multiple roles that include the immune and nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000818 , obo:PW_0001221 , obo:PW_0001764 .
obo:PW_0000112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-chloroacrylic acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 3-chloroacrylic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peptide and protein hormone metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, folding and/or degradation of peptide and protein hormones, and those derived from them." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001756 .
obo:PW_0000081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving D-glutamine and D-glutamate as depicted in the KEGG diagram. D-glutamic acid is naturally found primarily in the cell wall of certain bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0000720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered p53 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A p53 signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Due to its central role at the intersection of many cellular pathways, disturbance of p53 network can have far-reaching negative consequences. The tumor suppressor Tp53 gene is frequently mutated in cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000718 , obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0001314 , obo:PW_0001545 .
obo:PW_0000200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Wnt signaling, the planar cell polarity pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The planar cell polarity (PCP) Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in morphogenesis through the regulation of tissues patterning." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000597 .
obo:PW_0002125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "captopril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of captopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0000421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitogen activated protein kinase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mitogen activated protein kinase pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered MAPK pathways have been linked to a spectrum of conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000007 , obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0001199 .
obo:PW_0000456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Inhibitory synaptic transmission pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Synaptic transmission, or neurotransmission is the pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling via the chemical synapse and mediated by neurotransmitters. Their effect can be excitatory or inhibitory and many neurotransmitters can exert either effect. The major inhibitory neurotransmitter is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 .
obo:PW_0002209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting in alterations in glycine, choline and folate metabolism and due to mutations in DMGDH gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mRNA maturation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "mRNA maturation involves 5'-capping and 3' processing of pre-mRNA, splicing and alternative splicing to produce the mature mRNA molecule(s)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001568 .
obo:PW_0002380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hawkinsinuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal dominant condition resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolism due to defects in the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tramadol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tramadol, an analgesic used in the treatment of pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001098 .
obo:PW_0001252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prolactin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The prolactin signaling pathway is important for normal reproduction. Prolactin is a peptide hormone whose signaling activates several intracellular cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceric oxide nanoparticle response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles, also known as nanoceria. Like other nanoparticles, nanoceria has a broad range of applications. A peculiar feature is the anti-oxidant property; by catalytically reacting with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, it mimics the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. In addition, beneficial effects on cell differentiation and dopamine production have been shown. However, toxic effects have also been demonstrated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001435 .
obo:PW_0002204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from alterations in lysine metabolism. Mutations in the DHTKD1 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in the lysine degradation pathway, have been associated with the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "surfactant homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The processes and pathways involved in maintaining steady-state levels of surfactants, surface-active agents that reduce the surface tension of liquids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0000454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cholesterol biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, an essential sterol component of mammalian cell membrane. Cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001152 , obo:PW_0001304 .
obo:PW_0002641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 1, which is expressed on monocytes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0000159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rab family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Rab family mediated signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking. More than 60 Rab members bind to specific effectors to regulate all aspects of vesicular trafficking - from formation and transport of vesicles, to tethering and fusion with target membranes. Of note is that cytoskeletal rearrangements such as actin remodeling, a process regulated by the Rho family, have a role to play in vesicular trafficking." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000006 .
obo:PW_0001263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamic acid/glutamate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glutamic acid/glutamate. There are several routes of glutamic acid/glutamate degradation. Some are found only in microorganisms and plants; others can be found in mammalian cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000027 , obo:PW_0001259 .
obo:PW_0001870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "maple syrup urine disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways. It has several forms and a range of phenotypes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gefitinib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of gefitinib-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000869 .
obo:PW_0001746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tobramycin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tobramycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001745 .
obo:PW_0002495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dicoumarol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002325 .
obo:PW_0000640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycolysis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The glycolytic pathway converts the six-carbon glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The ten reactions of glycolysis can be subdivided into an energy-consuming 'stage I' and an energy-generating 'stage II'. The net energy yield is two molecules of ATP. Pyruvate can be further oxidized via the citrate cycle, converted to lactose under anaerobic conditions or back to glucose via gluconeogenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000025 , obo:PW_0000556 .
obo:PW_0001333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The transcription of mitochondrial DNA which encodes several genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway as well as the ribosomal and transfer RNA genes involved in their translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000100 .
obo:PW_0000628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intestinal cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000627 .
obo:PW_0001551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cell cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000290 , obo:PW_0001317 .
obo:PW_0001428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amikacin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of amikacin, an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001427 .
obo:PW_0001432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lamivudine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of lamivudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lamivudine is a a reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV typ1 and 2 and Hepatitis B. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001430 .
obo:PW_0002156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisoprolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bisoprolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 .
obo:PW_0001062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lacto-series glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lacto-series type of glycosphingolipids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000733 .
obo:PW_0002137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "presequence pathway of mitochondrial protein import" ;
rdfs:comment "A classical pathway of mitochondrial protein import that delivers matrix resident and some of the inner membrane proteins. The precursor proteins are synthesized with an amino terminal peptide extension - the presequence. Translocase complexes, chaperones and processing enzymes cooperate in the process." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001962 .
obo:PW_0002545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acid-base imbalance pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A disturbance that leads to changes in the body's normal balance of acids and bases resulting in deviation from the normal pH range. The imbalance is due to changes in renal or ventilation function. The changes can lead to an excess of acid, acidosis or acidaemia, or to an excess of vases, alkalosis or alkalemia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001472 .
obo:PW_0001832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered metal homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000589 , obo:PW_0001833 .
obo:PW_0000634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Wnt signaling, the planar cell polarity pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A planar cell polarity Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered planar cell polarity Wnt signaling has been implicated in a number of conditions including gastric and pancreatic cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000200 , obo:PW_0000600 .
obo:PW_0001830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sotalol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sotalol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001828 .
obo:PW_0001000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide signaling via the purinergic P2Y receptors." ;
rdfs:comment "The P2Y receptors are a class of purinergic or purinoreceptors, Gprotein-coupled receptors that respond to ADP, ATP, UDP, UTP and UDP-glucose to activate either the Galphaq or the Galphai mediated signal transduction pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000997 .
obo:PW_0001260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arginine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of arginine. Although primarily a non-essential amino acid, its synthesis from citrulline may be insufficient and it is also energetically costly. Diet-derived arginine can circumvent these aspects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001082 , obo:PW_0001255 .
obo:PW_0000289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of cell death that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000263 , obo:PW_0000275 .
obo:PW_0002345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etoposide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etoposide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002344 .
obo:PW_0002479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biliary tract disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various conditions affecting any part of the biliary tract including the bile ducts, resulting from alterations in one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001697 .
obo:PW_0001707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enalapril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0002254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biotinidase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A late onset form of multiple carboxylase deficiency due to defects in the biotin recycling biotinidase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002253 .
obo:PW_0002555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levorphanol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levorphanol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002554 .
obo:PW_0000818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway pertinent to immunity" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of immune responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0002742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial calcium ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The events involved in the transport of a calcium ion (Ca2+) across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001139 .
obo:PW_0000912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-4 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-4 is a member of the interleukin 2 family of cytokines whose signaling is important for the differentiation of naive T helper cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0001619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rRNA nuclear export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway whereby the pre- ribosomal particles, pre-40S and pre-60S containing three of the four rRNA genes, are exported to the cytoplasm. The two particles follow independent transport routes, embedded within ribosome biogenesis. The 5S rRNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III is independently transported to be delivered to the ribosome immediately or from a cytoplasmic pool." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001160 .
obo:PW_0000359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered energy homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of energy homeostasis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Obesity in particular has been associated with disturbances in the control of energy balance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000357 , obo:PW_0000358 .
obo:PW_0002635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster protein biogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mitochondrial pathway consists of the synthesis of [2Fe-2S] clusters on scaffold proteins, cluster transfer and formation of mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] proteins, and the synthesis of 4Fe-4S] clusters and the formation of [4Fe-4S] proteins. The first two steps are required for the mitochondrial export and the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. This arm of the pathway is usually referred to as the 'core'." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002634 .
obo:PW_0002176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pamidronate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pamidronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001623 , obo:PW_0002175 .
obo:PW_0000481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fibrinolysis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The steps leading to the activation of plasminogen and the subsequent breaking down of a fibrin clot - the product of the coagulation cascade." .
obo:PW_0002624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thioredoxin antioxidant pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002622 .
obo:PW_0000438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alanine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid with roles in glucose and protein metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0001507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "platinum (Pt) containing drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of platinum (Pt) containing drugs, widely used in the treatment of cancer. These drugs introduce intra- and inter-strand DNA breaks. The DNA lesion and responses it triggers is toxic to tumor cells. However, it can also exert toxic side effects. Three Pt-containing drugs are being used and they vary in their efficacy and toxicity. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0001789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "renin-angiotensin system drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that target the renin-angiotensin system, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0000077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-alanine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-alanine. Beta-alanine is an amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Beta-alanine is not used in the synthesis of proteins but is a component of natural peptides, vitamins such as vitamin B5 and of coenzyme A. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0001750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tolmetin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tolmetin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tolmetin is thought to inhibit cyclooxygenases and thus block prostaglandin synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001748 .
obo:PW_0001488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metformin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin has also been shown to have a tumor suppressor function. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0002414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endosomal pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the endosomal pathway, endosomal maturation couples to sorting of material and its appropriate delivery or degradation, promoted by specific transport along and dynamics of cytoskeleton and associated molecular motors." .
obo:PW_0001783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "primary hyperoxaluria type 2 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hyperoxaluria results from alteration in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway. Type 2 is due to mutations in the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001781 .
obo:PW_0001537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered tyrosine-specific protein kinase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001195 , obo:PW_0001198 .
obo:PW_0000674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insulin secretion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells is an important aspect of glucose homeostasis. A major component of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is represented by the route dependent on the ATP-sensitive potassium channels. However, other contributions are also likely to promote insulin secretion." .
obo:PW_0000271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "postsynaptic differentiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The factors and components involved in, and the elements that regulate them and together shape and modulate the formation of the postsynaptic differentiation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002422 .
obo:PW_0001677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinblastine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vinblastine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001673 .
obo:PW_0002232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atenolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of atenolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002230 .
obo:PW_0002575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine oxidation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The reactions thereby dopamine can spontaneously oxidize under aerobic conditions. In the process, radicals are being formed that can potentially exert noxious effects. Oxidation of dopamine gives rise to three quinone species that can form adducts with proteins or be precursor to the neuromelanin pigment (NM). NM, which accumulates with age, but is diminished in Parkinson disease patients may confer protective roles, particularly as a metal chelator." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000409 .
obo:PW_0000155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phospholipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phospholipids - lipids containing phosphorus, including those with a glycerol backbone or a backbone of sphingosine or related substances. Phospholipids are the major form of lipid in the cell membrane." .
obo:PW_0002683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "striated muscle contraction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a calcium-triggered chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle contains repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils that are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable by light microscope." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002682 .
obo:PW_0002243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anesthetic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to cause reversible loss of sensation and generally administered to facilitate surgery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0000031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "purine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of purines. Purines consist of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. The nucleobases adenine and guanine in DNA are purines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000012 .
obo:PW_0000365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "melanocortin system pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The melanocortin dependent system is involved in a diverse number of pathways such as pigmentation, steroidogenesis, sexual function, energy homeostasis. Its implication in energy homeostasis is of particular interest as alterations of this system have been associated with obesity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mercaptopurine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of mercaptopurine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used as an immunosuppressive and its cytotoxic effects result from its interference with nucleic acids synthesis and function. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001942 .
obo:PW_0002142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of urea cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare congenital disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway. The neonatal form exhibits several phenotypes and can result in death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0001768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "docetaxel drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of docetaxel - an antineoplastiic agent. It is an anti-mitotic drug whose cytotoxicity affects tumor cells but can also extend to other dividing cells. In some cases, the drug could cause severe side effects and deaths due to its toxicity have been reported. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rheb mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Rheb family of proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of cell growth and cell cycle. Rheb could be a mediator of the mTOR signaling pathway. The results have been shown for Drosophila but remained to be established for mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000158 .
obo:PW_0002182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "esomeprazole drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. The drug inhibits the hydrogen potassium ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000918 .
obo:PW_0000117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluorene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of fluorene - a colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon. It is obtained from coal tar and is used in making dyes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0000524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan occurring in the cell membrane of most cells. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a glucosamine residue linked to a uronic acid, either glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid, which may be sulfated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002686 , obo:PW_0002691 .
obo:PW_0002457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salicylic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of salicylic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002456 .
obo:PW_0002703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hepoxilin biosynthetic pathway" .
obo:PW_0002582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADP-ribosylation pathway, mono and poly-ribosylation" ;
rdfs:comment "Mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins is carried out by members of the PARP family. Proteins with particular domains or modules are involved in the recognition of modified proteins while others reverse the modification. Protein ADP-ribosylation plays important roles in DNA damage repair, cell-cycle, transcription and cell death pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002581 .
obo:PW_0001348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that mediate the uptake and transport of ions. Ion transport can be passive (facilitated) or active." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0000383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multispecific organic anion transporter mediated transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the the elimination of a variety of endogenous anionic substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body, mediated by families of multi-specific transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000380 , obo:PW_0002708 .
obo:PW_0000887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-20 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0002338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexiletine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mexiletine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002337 .
obo:PW_0002523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flurbiprofen pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of flurbiprofen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002522 .
obo:PW_0001191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered methionine cycle/metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A methionine cycle/metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Impaired methionine metabolism and/or altered levels of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000048 , obo:PW_0001190 .
obo:PW_0001388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway VIII" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VIII, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VI and VII." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001385 .
obo:PW_0001477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn genetic disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during fetal development and that may be inherited from a parent or acquired in utero. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways that give rise to a broad spectrum of conditions affecting many types of organs and/or tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001476 .
obo:PW_0001338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histone modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The tails of histone proteins are subject to a wide array of modifications of which methylation and acetylation have been more thoroughly documented. The modified residues are recognized by particular proteins or readers, in turn acting upon their targets. The modifications are rendered reversible by the enzymes that carry out the reaction in the opposite direction, also referred to as erasers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001403 .
obo:PW_0001327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA genes are associated with a number of disorders. These mutations may affect steps in the biosynthesis of tRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001324 , obo:PW_0001326 .
obo:PW_0001634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alfentanil pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of alfentanil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an agonist for mu opioid receptors, is classified as a restrictive drug and is almost exclusively used for anesthesia in surgery. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001632 .
obo:PW_0000936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 1 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (Ccr8) and together with other CC chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "statin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of statins-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000724 .
obo:PW_0000917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-35 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-35, an interleukin-12 family member, plays a role in suppressing the immune system; it obstructs development of certain T cell subsets by restricting early cell proliferation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000913 .
obo:PW_0000354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerophospholipids, also known as phospholipids. They are key components of membranes and some are also involved in signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0001309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abscisic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Abscisic acid is a plant isoprenoid hormone important for development and stress responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000248 .
obo:PW_0001544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered heterotrimeric G protein mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001539 , obo:PW_0001541 .
obo:PW_0002327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heparin, a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by basophils and mast cells. Heparin, and its low molecular weight derivative, bind to and activates the thrombin enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002326 .
obo:PW_0001343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylglycerol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylglycerol. The molecule is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 .
obo:PW_0002446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxycodone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of oxycodone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is thought to act on different opioid receptors in different situations. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002444 .
obo:PW_0000019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prion disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prion disease - any of a group of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormalities of prion protein metabolism, which may result from mutations in the prion protein gene or from infection with pathogenic isoforms of the protein. Characteristics include neuronal loss, gliosis, and extensive vacuolization of the cerebral cortex. Prion diseases may be sporadic, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, or acquired. Human diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and kuru" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000014 .
obo:PW_0002530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magnesium salicylate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002528 .
obo:PW_0002394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tioguanine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of teniposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of several leukemia types, ulcerative colitis and some autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of tioguanine exert several cytotoxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002392 .
obo:PW_0002158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisoprolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bisoprolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002156 .
obo:PW_0000253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of indole and ipecac. Indole is a heterocyclic compound, obtained from coal tar, and produced by the decomposition of tryptophan in the intestine, being partly responsible for the peculiar odor of the feces. It is also found in cultures of Vibrio cholerae and other bacteria; a color test for its production is used in classifying enteric bacteria. Ipecac is derived from the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha or of C. acuminata. It is a mixture of alkaloids, primarily emetine and cephaelin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "niacin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving niacin, also known as nicotinate, vitamin B3 or vitamin PP - a water-soluble vitamin. Niacin represents an essential nutrient and is also a precursor of NAD through a salvage pathway. Niacin is among the few vitamins humans can synthesize." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 17 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (Ccr4) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the developmental subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0002283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naloxone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naloxone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002282 .
obo:PW_0001698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "liver disease pathway" .
obo:PW_0001623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrogenous bisphosphanate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nitrogenous bisphosphonates such as alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate or risedronate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0001521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sugar alcohol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols represent a class of polyols - alcohol molecules with multiple hydroxyl groups. They are used in place of table sugar and in combination with artificial sweeteners and while they can occur naturally, many are commercially produced." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "natriuretic peptide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The natriuretic peptide family consists of three peptide hormones of diverse roles in cardiovascular as well as neuroendocrine and renal functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0000410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serotonin - an amine neurotransmitter that is believed to play important roles in a number of conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000444 .
obo:PW_0000101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "translation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events governing the processes whereby mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain. Post-translational modifications often accompany the formation of the final, mature protein. Translation involves initiation, elongation and termination steps and is dependent upon the availability of aminoacyl-tRNA and mature ribosomes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "selectin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Selectins represent a small family of lectin-like adhesion receptors that mediate cell-cell interactions via calcium-dependent recognition of sialylated glycans. The exact role of this signaling pathway is not well known." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000332 .
obo:PW_0000949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 25 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (Ccr9) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the developmental subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of DNA damage response that occur during the G1 phase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000094 .
obo:PW_0002422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic differentiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical synapses require the induction and assembly of pre- and postsynaptic structures." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001251 .
obo:PW_0000427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Molybdenum cofactor is a complex between molybdopterin and an oxide of molybdenum and is required for the activity of several enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lisinopril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of lisinopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001719 .
obo:PW_0000282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzoate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid or benzene carboxylic acid, a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0000059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway pertinent to the brain and nervous system" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of nervous system and/or brain function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbohydrate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions and pathways involved in the oxidation, breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates in the tissue. The breakdown can be utilized by the body for energy production. The converse synthesis is used for energy storage." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0002198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azithromycin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of azithromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and used for the treatment of several bacterial infections and a number of sexually transmitted infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0000466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amine and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000465 .
obo:PW_0002351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trastuzumab drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor 2, overexpressed in certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002370 .
obo:PW_0001775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate carboxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from impaired pyruvate metabolism. An absent or decreased activity of pyruvate carboxylase results in an altered pyruvate pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001751 .
obo:PW_0001069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway induces the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones from the pituitary." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 10, causing homodimerization. It is expressed as a highly N-glycosylated protein detectable in B cells and dendritic cells" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0001208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered folate cycle metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001189 , obo:PW_0001207 .
obo:PW_0001417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Canavan disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by degeneration of the nervous system due to white matter vacuolization and demeylination. It results from defects in ASPA, aspartoacylase gene involved in several amino acid metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000014 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-1 family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-1 family mediated signaling plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. The best characterized member of the family is interleukin-1, followed by interleukin-18 and the more recently identified interleukin-33. Other family members are less well characterized." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0002492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenindione drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of phenindione. The drug is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002325 .
obo:PW_0001873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Y-linked genetic disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions resulting from alterations in pathways involving genes on the Y-chromosome in humans or in other species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001477 .
obo:PW_0001397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpene and terpenoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of terpene and terpenoid, large classes of related organic compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alkaloid biosynthetic pathway I" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacterial polysaccharide metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reaction involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of polysaccharides that are components of bacterial cell wall. They may also act as virulence factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000146 .
obo:PW_0000769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "omeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of omeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Omeprazole is a representative compound of a class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000767 .
obo:PW_0002046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "esmolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of esmolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 .
obo:GO_0006385 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered steroid hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000468 , obo:PW_0000785 .
obo:PW_0000511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered peptide and protein hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 , obo:PW_0000509 .
obo:PW_0000557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose storage pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycogen is the major form of glucose storage. Excess glucose is converted into glycogen - a highly branched polysaccharide. When glucose is rapidly needed, glycogen can be broken down via glycogenolysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000555 .
obo:PW_0000133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "selenoamino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of selenoamino acids - amino acids in which a selenium atom replaces a sulfur atom. Examples include selenocysteine, selenohomocysteine and selenomethionine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0002086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diclofenac pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diclofenac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002085 .
obo:PW_0000551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An mRNA decay pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An aberrant mRNA decay pathway would lead to the translation of erroneous mRNA with potentially serious consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000290 , obo:PW_0000546 .
obo:PW_0001320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fumonisin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by members of the fungal genus Fusarium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001319 , obo:PW_0001367 .
obo:PW_0000014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neurodegenerative pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Neurodegenerative diseases group together a number of conditions of various and many times poorly understood origins that are characterized by the progressive loss of particular neurons, the formation of particular structures such as plaques and fibrils, and protein aggregates. Proteosomal degradation, programmed cell death and oxidative stress are among a number of pathways thought to be disrupted." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0001601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nutritional disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those disorders caused by nutritional imbalance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001583 .
obo:PW_0002071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dipyridamole pharmacodyamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of dipyridamole-target nteraction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Dipyridamole inhibits he formation of blood clots via inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002069 .
obo:PW_0001201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyrotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH or TRF) signaling stimulates the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary, which in turn stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone (TH). TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lncRNA polyadenylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001580 .
obo:PW_0001022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "asthma pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Asthma, a complex condition with many phenotypic manifestations, is primarily characterized by inflammation of the airways. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to it through complex and incompletely understood interactions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 , obo:PW_0001308 .
obo:PW_0002103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fabry disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder resulting from alterations in lipid metabolic pathways. It is due to defects in alpha-galactosidase leading to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in blood vessels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001872 , obo:PW_0002301 .
obo:PW_0001949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "meloxicam pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of piroxicam. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001948 .
obo:PW_0001081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lysine, an essential amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycogen degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycogen degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000534 , obo:PW_0000643 .
obo:PW_0000053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenylalanine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid. Along with tyrosine and tryptophan, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 , obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0000475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hemostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hemostasis is the response to blood vessel injury to prevent blood loss via platelet-mediated primary homeostasis and the secondary homeostasis of coagulation. The latter is a complex cascade which is triggered by the innate immune response and inflammation." .
obo:PW_0000323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered ephrin - ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An Eph/ephrin bidirectional axis that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Eph/ephrins axis has been implicated in a number of human cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000322 , obo:PW_0000336 .
obo:PW_0002508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mycophenolic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002507 .
obo:PW_0001421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kanamycin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of kanamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0002356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "artemether pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of artemether. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002355 .
obo:PW_0000793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 2" ;
rdfs:comment "Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, of the G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 2 receptors couple to the Galphai subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000790 .
obo:PW_0002259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nadolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nadolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0001645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of amino acid metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class I major histocompatibility complex pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Peptides generated from proteolytic degradation of cytosolic proteins are translocated to the ER where they associate with class I MHC molecules. Peptide-class I MHC complexes move through the Golgi and are transported to the cell surface to be recognized by CD8+ T cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000825 .
obo:PW_0000070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C21-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, the first C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting materials for the biosynthesis of C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C21 class includes glucocorticoids such as cortisol and mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are collectively referred to as corticosteroids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000040 .
obo:PID_200227 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0001690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valsartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of valsartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001688 .
obo:PW_0002265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "teniposide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of teniposide, a drug used to treat childhood leukemia. The drug inhibits DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pattern recognition receptor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) respond to a diverse array of exogenous molecules and also several endogenous ones. PRR's 'sensing' of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or damage-associated (DAMP) prompts signaling cascades leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000024 , obo:PW_0000819 .
obo:PW_0000764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ifosfamide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ifosfamide, am antitumor agent used in the treatment of certain cancers. It is administered as a prodrug that has to be converted to the active form. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 5 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1, 3 and 5 (Ccr1, Ccr3 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines it is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diabetic nephropathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end stage renal diseases affecting a number of pathways, particularly the thiol and anti-oxidant pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 , obo:PW_0001548 .
obo:PW_0001881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypophosphatasia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A genetic metabolic disorder due to impaired bone alkaline phosphatase activity and manifesting in a range of phenotypes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001816 .
obo:PW_0000620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered signaling pathway involving second messengers" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathways involving second messengers that deviate from what their normal course should be. Deregulation of these pathways can have far reaching consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000541 .
obo:PW_0000218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heme biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring. There are several kinds of heme depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for several classes of proteins that include hemoglobin and myoglobin, cytochromes, peroxidases, catalases and others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000221 , obo:PW_0002633 .
obo:PW_0000141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinol metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involving retinol, a fat-soluble vitamin that is the dietary form of vitamin A and is important for bone growth and in vision. Precursors of retinol such as carotenoid or retinyl esters are derived from diet and are converted to retinal and retinol, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001003 .
obo:PW_0000123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of synaptic vesicle endocytosis and neurotransmitter refill following exocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002423 .
obo:PW_0000685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose biosynthesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The metabolic pathways for generating glucose to meet the body's glucose needs. Gluconeogenesis in the liver and to some extent in kidney is the major pathway of glucose production; glycogenolysis is another route for generating glucose in these tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002655 .
obo:PW_0002425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle exocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The release pathway of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002423 .
obo:PW_0002187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorothiazide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chlorothiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002186 .
obo:PW_0000598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Wnt signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in several cancers as well as diseases other than cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000008 , obo:PW_0000669 , obo:PW_0000673 .
obo:PW_0000495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Gas6 - Axl signaling axis" ;
rdfs:comment "Gas6, a vitamin K-dependent growth factor signals through the Axl subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors. The Gas6-Axl axis appears to be involved in growth and survival of various cell types as well as in tissue remodeling and regeneration. Deregulation of the axis is involved in a number of conditions, particularly renal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0002698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dermatan sulfate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of dermatan sulfate - a mucopolysaccharide found primarily in skin but also in tendons, lungs, heart valves and blood vessels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0000747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered galactocerebroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A galactocerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Krabbe's disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades galactocerebroside. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000743 , obo:PW_0000748 .
obo:PW_0002248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ropivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ropivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002247 .
obo:PW_0000660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hematopoiesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cellular components. All components are derived from the hematopoietic stem cells residing in the marrow. A great amount of new blood cells needs to be produced daily to maintain steady-state levels of circulation." .
obo:PW_0001044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Legionella infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Legionella, a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that includes species such as legionella pneumophila, causes several respiratory infections of which Legionnaires' disease is potentially fatal. L. pneumophila can grow within lung macrophages and is known to subvert several host pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0002068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disopyramide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of disopyramide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a sodium channel blocker used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002066 .
obo:PW_0001095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zidovudine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of zidovudine, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0001375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, the salvage pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from precursors such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide riboside, collectively known as vitamin B3 or niacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000219 .
obo:PW_0002411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered endocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Any alteration of an aspect pertinent to endocytosis pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000281 , obo:PW_0002410 .
obo:PW_0001139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Calcium is pumped into organelles or out of the cell by pumps and exchangers to maintain the low calcium concentration necessary for cell viability. Many type of channels, some calcium-selective, others of lower selectivity or calcium-permeant, allow for the flow of calcium from external sources or internal stores into the cell to initiate many signaling events. The movement of calcium ions, which controls and maintains the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000593 .
obo:PW_0000409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of dopamine, a neuromodulatory molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone. Dopamine has multiple functions in the brain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000443 .
obo:PW_0001585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin A deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001584 .
obo:PW_0002271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eplerenone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eplrenone, a drug used as an adjunct in the management of chronic heart failure. enetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0001916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naltrexone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of naltrexone, an antagonist of opioid receptors used in the treatment of substance dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0002049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "escitalopram drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of escitalopram, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002115 .
obo:PW_0001718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "perindopril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of perindopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001716 .
obo:PW_0000593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metal ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that mediate the uptake and transport of metal ions. Metal ion transport pathways are important aspects of metal ion homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001348 .
obo:PW_0002564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phytanic acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation of phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid. Phytanic acid alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome results in pristanic acid, which can then follow a beta degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000739 .
obo:PW_0000807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A transcription pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant transcription can have devastating consequences. Altered signaling mediated by various transcription factors has been implicated in a spectrum of human diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000100 , obo:PW_0000290 .
obo:PW_0000898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-17E signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-17E signaling, also known as interleukin-25, induces the production of Th2 cell cytokine leading to enhancement of Th2 cell responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000897 .
obo:PW_0002660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA strand elongation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in extending an existing DNA strand by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000098 .
obo:PW_0002716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type II pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving mutations in lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (GAA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0001688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valsartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0001841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "homocystinuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition downstream of homocysteine and involving alterations in the transsulfuration pathway. Usually, it is due to defects in the first enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, cystathione beta synthase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001840 .
obo:PW_0000502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "complement system pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The complement system is an important effector of innate and also of humoral adaptive immunity. It consists of three biochemical cascades that are differently initiated but share similar late steps and effector functions. The complement pathway and the coagulation cascade are connected in a cross talk." .
obo:PW_0002541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxybuprocaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of oxybuprocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002539 .
obo:PW_0001456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nystatin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nystatin - a polyene antifungal drug used to treat yeast infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001202 .
obo:PW_0000128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase III transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events governing the synthesis of transport/transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors, the small ribosomal rRNA and other small RNAs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001275 .
obo:PW_0002481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital bile acid synthesis defect pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Autosomal recessive disorders resulting from alterations in bile acid synthesis due to defects in one or several enzymes. Type 1 is due to mutations in the HSD3B7 gene, type 2 is due to mutations in the AKR1D1 gene, type 3 is due to mutations in the CYP7B1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002102 , obo:PW_0002480 .
obo:PW_0001386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway VII" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VII, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VI and VIII." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001385 .
obo:PW_0001955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacterial DNA replication pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000098 .
obo:PW_0001922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nabumetone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nabumetone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, preferentially COX-2 type. The drug is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nuclear protein transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The import-export cycle that underlies the shuttling of proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000535 .
obo:PW_0001761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucagon-like peptide-1 biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestinal L cells and discrete sets of neurons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001759 .
obo:PW_0000343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Notch signaling pathway involving promoters" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the promoters of target gene(s)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000324 .
obo:PW_0002474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "venlafaxine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of venlafaxine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002473 .
obo:PW_0001359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered nucleotide excision repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A nucleotide excision repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Defects in this repair pathway have been associated with cancer and premature aging." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000130 , obo:PW_0000666 .
obo:PW_0002593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dabigatran drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002146 .
obo:PW_0002349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lornoxicam pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lornoxicam. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002348 .
obo:PW_0000577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cytokines are small proteins released by the cell and acting as intercellular mediators. Chemokines are a subset of cytokine that can attract and activate leukocytes. They are characterized by a small size and the presence of four cysteines whose location is important for their structural folding. Cytokines or chemokines binding to cognate receptors triggers numerous downstream signaling cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antihemorrhagic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent bleeding. It is to be noted here that genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000922 .
obo:PW_0001562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered autophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered autophagy has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis, among others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000278 , obo:PW_0001563 , obo:PW_0002403 .
obo:PW_0002288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilostazol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of cilostazol-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 3. The increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) and subsequent increase in active protein kinase A (PKA) leads to inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002286 .
obo:PW_0002519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "somatostatin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Somatostatin, known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates cell proliferation, neurotransmission and the endocrine system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0002670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyaluronan metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, which is not sulfated and is not found covalently attached to proteins as a proteoglycan. This includes any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0000166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modified in manifold ways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000184 .
obo:PW_0000670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000655 .
obo:PW_0000256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyketides biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides. Polyketides are a group of secondary metabolites made by microorganisms that possess a broad range of pharmacologically important activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0002468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "felodipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of felodipine, a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0000753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sterol regulatory element-binding protein signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway has important roles in the control of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. SREBPs are sterol-regulated transcription factors that belong to the bHLH family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001313 , obo:PW_0001371 .
obo:PW_0000867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "de novo purine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "De novo purine biosynthesis requires ten enzymatic reactions to produce inosine monophosphate (IMP). Both adenine and guanine are then derived from IMP via several reactions. Purines are synthesized as nucleosides, i.e., as bases attached to ribose. Purines can also be created synthetically." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000865 .
obo:PW_0000490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transforming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is one of the best characterized modules of the Tgf-b superfamily pathways. Binding to the type II receptor leads to activation of the type I receptor and subsequent activation of the Smad pathway. Nuclear translocation of Smad(s) and interaction with transcription factors leads to activation or repression of many genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000206 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0001399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of terpenes, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001398 .
obo:PW_0002205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder with several phenotypes and due to mutations in the L2HGDH gene (the L-type), D2HGDH and IDH2 genes (the D-type). A combined L- and D-type has also been observed and has been attributed to mutations in the SLC25A1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0001533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thromboxane biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thromboxane - eicosanoid prostanoids essential for the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000732 , obo:PW_0001243 .
obo:PW_0001611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "movement disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Abnormal and involuntary movement due degenerative, post-traumatic, inflammatory, hereditary or medication-induced conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0002551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levacetylmethadol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levacetylmethadol, a synthetic opioid, similar in structure to methadone, used for the treatment and management of opioid dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "steroid hormone metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of steroid hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001303 .
obo:PW_0000042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galactose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactose - an aldohexose epimeric with glucose at the 4 carbon. Galactose is a component of lactose and other oligosaccharides, cerebrosides and gangliosides, and of various glycolipids and glycoproteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0001033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotine addiction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nicotine, like the other addictive substances, impacts on the dopaminergic and mesolimbic reward circuitries. Nicotine is also a ligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which are ligand-gated ion channels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001029 .
obo:PW_0001884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pirenzepine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pirenzepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001882 .
obo:PW_0001282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kynurenine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of kynurenine, a product of tryptophan degradation pathway. Kynurenine and its metabolites play important roles in the nervous system and also in immunity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001281 .
obo:PW_0001005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinoid cycle metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of reactions involved in the regeneration of the visual chromophore 11-cis retinal from the all-trans retinal released from the light -activated rhodopsin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001003 .
obo:PW_0001073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spliceosome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The spliceosome is a multimegadalton ribonucleoprotein complex that removes the exons to produce the mature mRNA, including several mature mRNAs from a single RNA transcript via alternative splicing. A complex assembly/disassembly pathway mediates the two chemical steps of a splicing event. lncRNAs are also frequently spliced." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001569 , obo:PW_0001580 .
obo:PW_0000379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endoplasmic reticulum stress - the unfolded protein response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibition of protein folding or its disruption by mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a signal transduction response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR increases the biosynthetic capacity while decreasing the biosynthetic burden of the secretory pathway through up- and downregulation of gene expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000237 .
obo:PW_0000522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flavonoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids - a class of plant secondary metabolites generally known for their antioxidant activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DNA replication pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anti-infective drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as anti-infective agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0002586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carvedilol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of carvedilol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002585 .
obo:PW_0002227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "argatrobran drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002146 .
obo:PW_0000516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-6 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-6 signaling is involved in a wide range of biological processes such as immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. A signal transducer common to all family members, gp130 activates Jak-Stat and Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000514 , obo:PW_0000926 .
obo:PW_0002731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell division pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; this may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0002613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered coagulation cascade pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the coagulation cascade have been associated with several conditions. Deficiencies in factors F5 and F8, the essential cofactors of the intrinsic tenase and thrombinase complexes, lead to parahemophilia and hemophilia A, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000474 , obo:PW_0002611 .
obo:PW_0002299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition due to defects in glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). As a component of methionine, homocysteine and folate metabolism among others, the defective enzyme potentially disrupts many metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stavudine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of stavudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Stavudine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Stavudine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001819 .
obo:PW_0000893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-29 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0001666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antipyrine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of antipyrine, a drug used to relieve pain and fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001665 .
obo:PW_0000906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-2 family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interleukin-2 family of cytokines, also known as the gamma(c) family because of the shared gamma(c) receptor, play crucial roles in the regulation of T cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0000555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose utilization pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various pathways thereby glucose is oxidized to produce energy, is converted to other molecules or is stored for further use." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002655 .
obo:PW_0000225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citrulline degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of citrulline. Citrulline, not a DNA-coded amino acid, is a product in the urea cycle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0001900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrendipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nitrendipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001897 .
obo:PW_0000106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "extrinsic apoptotic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The apoptotic pathway involving the death receptors-mediated route of caspase activation. Members of the tumor necrosis superfamily such as the better known Tnf-alpha (Tnf), Fas ligand or Trail elicit apoptosis via receptor-associated adapters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000009 .
obo:PW_0002334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenytoin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of phenytoin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002333 .
obo:PW_0001298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trehalose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of trehalose - a disaccharide synthesized by bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates. It has important roles in plant development and it represents the energy storage that insects use for flight. It is believed to be involved in the ability of plants and animals to withstand long periods of desiccation or anhydrobiosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aldosterone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Aldosterone signaling through the mineralocorticoid receptor plays an important role in the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. Its biosynthesis is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin system and potassium ions concentration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0000783 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pemetrexed pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pemetrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001213 .
obo:PW_0002571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diphenoxylate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diphenoxylate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002570 .
obo:PW_0000562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "growth hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The growth hormone signaling pathway is an important regulator of postnatal development. However, despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying its many actions are incompletely understood. It is believed that its actions involve direct and indirect routes. An example of the latter is the role the pathway plays in stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acebutolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of acebutolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002169 .
obo:PW_0001540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Ras family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000158 , obo:PW_0000391 .
obo:PW_0001258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrophobic amino acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 , obo:PW_0001257 .
obo:PW_0001729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilazapril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cilazapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001728 .
obo:PW_0002310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxepin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of desipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002113 .
obo:PW_0000440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycine, a non-essential amino acid. Glycine has the simplest amino acid structure with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000446 , obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0000505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alternative complement pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The alternative pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. Stable activation of the alternative pathway occurs on microbial cell surfaces." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000502 .
obo:PW_0002089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "desipramine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of desipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002088 .
obo:PW_0001852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propranolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of propanolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0000843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylcholine signaling pathway via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetylcholine signaling via the metabotropic muscarinic receptors exerts important roles in the central and peripheral nervous system, the autonomic nervous system and also in non-neuronal cells. The five G protein-coupled receptors can be classified according to the G proteins they engage. Receptors M1, M3 and M5 predominantly couple to Galphaq whereas receptors M2 and M4 predominantly couple to Galphai-mediated pathways. The signaling effects can be either excitatory or inhibitory." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000841 .
obo:PW_0000546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways of mRNA quality control whereby erroneous mRNA is degraded in the nucleus or cytoplasm, or normal mRNA accumulated in the nucleus is degraded." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001161 .
obo:PW_0001555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair" ;
rdfs:comment "Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation. Mutations in several components of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been implicated in several conditions in both an autosomal dominant and recessive fashion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000202 , obo:PW_0000667 .
obo:PW_0002534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cocaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cocaine, a drug of limited medical uses. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002533 .
obo:PW_0000278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "autophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The autophagic pathway involves the sequestration of misfolded or long-lived proteins and of defective organelles within double membrane vesicles, and delivery of the cargo to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. It is also known as macroautophagy, or bulk autophagy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002402 .
obo:PW_0001446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lomitapide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lomitapide, a drug used to lower cholesterol levels. Lomitapide is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0001979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "homocarnosinosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway involved in a progressive neurologic disorder resulting from a deficiency of homocarnosinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0002323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal condition resulting from alterations in several metabolic pathways and due to defects in the HMGCL gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serine pathway of formaldehyde assimilation" ;
rdfs:comment "The serine pathway is one of two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation resulting in a three-carbon intermediate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001376 .
obo:PW_0001772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tenofovir pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tenofovir - a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001771 .
obo:PW_0000235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adaptive immune response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The adaptive immune response is an evolutionarily newer mechanism that provides great specificity and diversity of antigen recognition, immunological memory and specialized responses. The two types of adaptive immune response pathways are humoral and cellular or cell-mediated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000023 .
obo:PW_0001466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clopidogrel pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of clopidogrel. The drug is an inhibitor of ADP-dependent platelet activation and aggregation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001465 .
obo:PW_0001892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium channel blocker drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of calcium channel blockers - agents used as antihypertensive drugs. They are further classified as dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine drugs, and both classes are rather selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0000588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered adiponectin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An adiponectin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of adiponectin signaling have been linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000511 , obo:PW_0000563 .
obo:PW_0000845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate signaling pathway via NMDA receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic NMDA glutamate receptor plays important roles in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory. The receptor is ligand-gated and voltage-dependent and requires glycine as a co-agonist." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000844 .
obo:PW_0000207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "central obesity with hypertension pathway" .
obo:PW_0001133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pazopanib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "he pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pazopanib. The drug is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001132 .
obo:PW_0000020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiovascular system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiovascular diseases represent a very broad spectrum of conditions that can also combine with diabetes and renal failure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "remethylation pathway of homocysteine metabolism - cobalamin independent, betaine dependent" ;
rdfs:comment "The route of homocysteine remethyation to methionine that mainly occurs in the liver and requires betaine as the methyl donor." .
obo:PW_0000130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide excision repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The nucleotide excision repair pathway is an important mechanism for the detection of helix-distorting base alterations. Unlike the base excision repair pathway that only removes the damaged bases, the NER pathway removes an entire lesion-containing segment. The single-strand gap thus introduced is filled in by DNA polymerase using the undamaged strand as a template. The pathway can be subdivided into two sub-pathways: transcription-coupled and global genome repair. They only differ in the lesion recognition step while the core repair component is shared." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000661 .
obo:PW_0002687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyaluronan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of hyaluronan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002670 , obo:PW_0002686 .
obo:PW_0001575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase III transcription initiation pathway" .
obo:PW_0000993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "N-cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "N-cadherin, or neuronal cadherin, is predominantly expressed in the brain. The pathway plays important roles in learning and memory." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000988 .
obo:PW_0000832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C chemokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The C family of chemokine is small and its members have two rather than four cysteines residues. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000829 .
obo:PW_0000775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of the pathway, mostly as upregulation due to the increased expression or amplification of ligands and/or receptors, or mutations leading to such increases, has been linked to numerous forms of cancer, such as pancreatic, lung, endometrial and breast." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000170 , obo:PW_0000298 .
obo:PW_0002216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythropoietic porphyria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition due to defects in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001784 .
obo:PW_0002307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levobunolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levobunolol, a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 , obo:PW_0002159 .
obo:PW_0000342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Notch signaling pathway involving target gene(s)" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the target gene(s). They may include members of the HES and HERP families of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000324 .
obo:PW_0001242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leukotriene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, a class of eicosanoids, molecules exerting important roles in the immune and vascular systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000464 , obo:PW_0001239 .
obo:PW_0002526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethylmorphine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ethylmorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002525 .
obo:PW_0001214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pemetrexed pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pemetrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets thymidylate synthase and other enzymes of the folate cycle and folate mediated one-carbon transfer reactions and is used in the treatment of several cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001213 .
obo:PW_0000834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bile acid transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Bile acid absorption by the intestinal epithelium and hepatic recycling collectively group the transport pathway of the important molecules of cholesterol catabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0002165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moexipril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of moexipril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0002163 .
obo:PW_0000513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-10 family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interleukin-10 family comprises several interleukins, including members of the interferon type III also known as interferon lambda or interferon-like type, that carry out various immunomodulatory functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0002003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrochlorothiazide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydrochlorothiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0002131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "capecitabine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of capecitabine, an agent used in the treatment of several cancers. Capecitabine is a prodrug that is enzymatically converted to 5-fluorouracil which inhibits the activity of thymidylate synthase necessary for the de novo DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G1/S transition pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying the transition from G1 into S phase and under the control of Cyclin E/A - Cdk2 and cyclin D-Cdk4/Cdk6 complexes and their regulators. Genetic alterations of this important transition point are frequent in human cancers." .
obo:PW_0002432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis" ;
rdfs:comment "Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is a major route for synaptic vesicle endocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002424 .
obo:PW_0002147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bivalirudin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Bivalirudin binds to both the catalytic site and anion-binding exosite of thrombin and as classified as a bivalent inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002146 .
obo:PW_0000742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycoshingolipid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered glycosphingolipid metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000733 , obo:PW_0000735 .
obo:PW_0001274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase II transcription initiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase II and a set of general and specific transcription factors assemble as a large pre-initiation complex which undergoes a series of transformations before transcription proceeds. Promoter recognition and subsequent initiation of transcription are dependent upon the presence of these transcription factors. Activators and repressors impact upon transcription at these early stages." .
obo:PW_0000048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methionine cycle/metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis (remethylation), utilization and/or degradation of methionine, an essential amino acid for humans. The cycle produces S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the major methyl donor for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other small molecules. The cycle also produces homocysteine (Hcy) which either regenerates methionine via the remethylation pathway or leads to the synthesis of cysteine and derivatives via the transsulfuration pathway. Homocysteine and folate metabolic pathways are intimately related to the methionine cycle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0002226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arbekacin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of arbekacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Arbekacin inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. The drug is used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002224 .
obo:PW_0001410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered DNA modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A DNA modification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of DNA modification have been implicated in several developmental abnormalities and human malignancies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001340 , obo:PW_0001404 .
obo:PW_0002649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 9, which recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs of bacterial or viral origin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0001724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benazepril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of benazepril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001722 .
obo:PW_0001178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Deregulation of the paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several congenital disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000673 , obo:PW_0001172 , obo:PW_0001174 .
obo:PW_0001734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor drug pathway - beta agonist" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors drugs - beta-agonists. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-agonists are used to stimulate these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." .
obo:PW_0001324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoacyl-tRNA, or transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes and is part of the translation pathway. tRNAs are specific for the amino acids with which they are associated. Their synthesis involves adenylation of the amino acid followed by its transfer; both steps require ATP. There are 22 tRNA genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Mutations in these genes have been implicated in a number of disorders and may affect various steps of tRNA biosynthesis." .
obo:PW_0001981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hereditary coproporphyria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal dominant liver porphyria due to deficiency in the coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001980 .
obo:PW_0001848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rabeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of rabeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Rabeprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001846 .
obo:PW_0000533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide that constitutes the major form of glucose storage in the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "betaxolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of betaxolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 , obo:PW_0002159 .
obo:PW_0001011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin D metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin D - a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin D represents a group of fat-soluble compounds that can be synthesized from cholesterol and exposure to sunlight. In view of the latter source, it is not considered a true vitamin. One of its metabolites, calcitriol, acts in a hormone-like manner as a signaling molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002665 .
obo:PW_0000040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Steroid hormone metabolism is extremely complex and its molecular details are incompletely understood. De novo steroid biosynthesis is confined to very few tissues, primarily the adrenals, the gonads and the placenta." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001152 , obo:PW_0001305 .
obo:PW_0001056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Herpes simplex virus infection pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0002078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diltiazem pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of diltiazem-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002076 .
obo:PW_0000797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor beta" ;
rdfs:comment "Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit. Beta 2 receptor may also couple to Galphai." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000791 .
obo:PW_0001518 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythromycin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of erythromycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial growth. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002052 .
obo:PW_0001420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abciximab pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of abciximab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Abciximab is an antagonist of the integrin alpha2b/beta3 complex found on platelets. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001418 .
obo:PW_0000641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gluconeogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The gluconeogenic pathway involves the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. They include the glycolysis products pyruvate and lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates and the carbon skeletons of many amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000025 , obo:PW_0000685 .
obo:PW_0000758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gemcitabine pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gemcitabine, a cytidine analogue that is administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain types of cancer. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0001431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lamivudine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment of several virally induced diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001430 .
obo:PW_0001641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways of rRNA quality control whereby non-functional rRNAs, both at the level of transcript and of mature ribosome components, are subject to degradation. Bulk ribosomes can also be degraded via autophagy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001161 .
obo:PW_0001162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemical compound signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway initiated by a chemical entity. It could be an organic or inorganic molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valsartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of valsartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001688 .
obo:PW_0001499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered retinoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A retinoid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000429 , obo:PW_0001003 , obo:PW_0001501 .
obo:PW_0001967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketorolac pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ketorolac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001966 .
obo:PW_0001102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered hypoxia inducible factor pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A hypoxia inducible pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl), the E3 ubiquitin ligase which targets Hif alpha for degradation under normoxic conditions, lead to a constitutively active pathway regardless the levels of oxygen. Mutations in Vhl and a number of other genes have been implicated in renal cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000360 , obo:PW_0000361 , obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0001314 .
obo:PW_0000969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-5 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-5 signaling plays important roles in the function of hematopoietic cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000967 .
obo:PW_0000185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "limonene and pinene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of limonene - an essential oil, a monocyclic terpene, found in the peel of oranges and lemons, and pinene - a terpene found in turpentine and many essential oils, used as a solvent and in the manufacture of camphor, insecticides, and synthetic pine oil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001399 .
obo:PW_0000051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histidine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histidine, an essential amino acid which can act as either a proton donor or a proton acceptor. While the synthesis and degradation pathways of histidine are present in microorganisms, histidine can be acted upon by eukaryotic enzymes. Histidine is the precursor of histamine, is involved in immune responses and also acts as a neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 , obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0002596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "direct factors Xa inhibitor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by directly inhibiting activated factor X (Xa). Factor X is a serine protease and essential component of coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002151 .
obo:PW_0001694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valdecoxib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valdecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0001247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nifedipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0001481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peripheral dopamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The peripheral dopaminergic system is distinct from the neuronal one. In the kidney, dopamine signaling plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and accounts for ~50% of total water and sodium excretion. Both type1-like and 2-like receptors are expressed in the mammalian kidney. They couple to distinct G protein alpha subunits to elicit renal dopamine responses. Type 1-like may be responsible for many of dopamine effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000798 .
obo:PW_0001219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrogen sulfide mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hydrogen sulfide can act as a signaling molecule with roles in the heart, brain and smooth muscle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001221 .
obo:PW_0002093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GALE deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A galactosemia resulting from defects in the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase enzyme GALE." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002091 .
obo:PW_0002221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aprotinin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of aprotinin, an antifibrinolytic inhibitor of trypsin and other serine proteases, used to reduce bleeding during surgery. Once withdrawn from the market, it has been reintroduced. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001652 .
obo:PW_0001122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bevacizumab pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bevacizumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of VEGF and is used in the treatment of several types of cancers such as for instance renal cell carcinoma. VEGF is a target of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, which is constitutively active in the condition. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001120 .
obo:PW_0001016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin K metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin K - a fat-soluble vitamin which represents a group of related compounds. The K1 form is found in plants; other forms are synthesized by bacteria, including species present in the microflora of the human gut. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor in the modification reaction of vitamin K-dependent proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002665 .
obo:PW_0002705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "guanosine diphosphate mannose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of guanosine diphosphate mannose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001329 .
obo:PW_0001366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aflatoxin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, transport and/or degradation of aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent toxic secondary metabolites that contaminate grain and nut crops. Of the four types, aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic one." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001365 .
obo:PW_0000671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cell adhesion signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000648 .
obo:PW_0002440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levobupivacaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levobupivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine compared to which, it has a longer duration of action and is associated with less vasodilation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0001306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered steroid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000751 , obo:PW_0001152 .
obo:PW_0000652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphatases are essential components of biological pathways. Phosphorylaton by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases exert major regulatory roles. In addition, they can also initiate signaling cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle exocytosis - neurotransmitter release pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Release of neurotransmitters is mediated through the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicle trafficking cycle is composed of a number of steps that culminate in calcium-triggered fusion and release." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002423 .
obo:PW_0000327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein disulphide bond formation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways involved in the formation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds in proteins. Disulphide bonds are essential for the stability of proteins that are secreted or are localized to organelles of the secretory pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000269 .
obo:PW_0001966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketorolac drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway that mediates the transport of proteins to their proper destination and the trafficking of proteins between organelles. Notable examples are the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and the mitochondrial protein import pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0000319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered calcineurin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A calcineurin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant calcineurin pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases. One example is the role a constitutively active calcineurin plays in cardiac hypertrophy, via the NFAT pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000315 , obo:PW_0000318 , obo:PW_0001197 .
obo:PW_0001589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases resulting from alterations in metabolic pathways that are caused by genetic mutations present during fetal development and that may be inherited from a parent or acquired in utero. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways, giving rise to a broad spectrum of conditions affecting many types of organs and/or tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001472 , obo:PW_0001477 .
obo:PW_0002120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Histamine is a nitrogenous compound derived from histidine whose signaling plays important roles in the nervous and immune systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000466 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0000909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-9 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-9, an interleukin-2 family member, is produced by a variety of cell types; it stimulates hematopoietic cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0000732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thromboxane metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving thromboxanes - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids whose effects include vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001240 .
obo:PW_0000573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentose phosphate pathway - oxidative phase" ;
rdfs:comment "The oxidative (linear) phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves the oxidation and decarboxylation of glucose-6-phosphate to produce the 5 carbon sugar ribulose-5-phosphate with the generation of NADPH." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000556 .
obo:PW_0002470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "felodipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of felodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002468 .
obo:PW_0001912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nebivolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nebivolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001910 .
obo:PW_0002585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carvedilol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of carvedilol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of mild to severe congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0000362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "the ion channels pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The acute hypoxic response is mediated through the activity of excitable cells via oxygen-sensing ion channels." .
obo:PW_0001964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lansoprazole pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lansoprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors pharmacologically related to omeprazole. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001963 .
obo:PW_0001425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neviparine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of neviparine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001424 .
obo:PW_0002039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "famotidine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of famotidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002037 .
obo:PW_0002064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disulfiram pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of disulfiram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002063 .
obo:PW_0001236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histamine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Histamine is derived from the amino acid histidine via a decarboxylation reaction carried out by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000051 , obo:PW_0000411 , obo:PW_0001238 .
obo:PW_0001355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling is initiated in response to binding several compounds within classes of lipids such as the eicosanoids, leukotrienes and prostagladins, among others. The receptors form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor, bind to specific DNA elements and regulate the expression of target genes. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in several conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0000509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A hormone signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000465 .
obo:PW_0001380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway I" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the deamination pathway of glutamate degradation that is found in microorganisms and plants. It results in ammonia and the 2-oxoglutarate compound which is fed into the citric acid cycle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001263 .
obo:PW_0000544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered reverse cholesterol transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An impaired pathway of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux can pose a risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. This varies in severity and manifestation depending on which gene in the pathway is affected." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000484 , obo:PW_0000498 , obo:PW_0001347 .
obo:PW_0001606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orotic aciduria 2 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A secondary form of the orotic acid inborn error metabolic disease pathway due to deficiency in orotidine-5-monophosphate decarboxylase (C-terminal activity of uridine monophosphate synthetase)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001604 .
obo:PW_0000347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiovascular abnormalities pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 .
obo:PW_0000267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatal familial insomnia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fatal familial insomnia - an inherited prion disease, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, affecting primarily the ventral and dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus and characterized by progressive insomnia, hallucinations, stupor, and coma ending in death within 6 months to 3 years of onset; autonomic and motor disturbances are also present." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000019 .
obo:PW_0001181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001176 , obo:PW_0001179 .
obo:PW_0000494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxytocin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The peptide hormone oxytocin plays a central role in parturition, lactation and sexual behavior." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sucrose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of sucrose. The disaccharide is synthesized by plants and cyanobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000151 .
obo:PW_0001656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amiodarone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amiodarone, a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0000821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "T cell receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in developing thymocytes is important for the establishment of CD4 and CD8 lineages. Mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8 co-receptors which are essential for the interaction with peptide-bound class II or class I MHC complexes to elicit CD4 T helper (Th) or CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, respectively. In either case, T cell-initiated signaling activates the expression of genes whose products mediate these responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000820 .
obo:PW_0002485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prednisolone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisolone - a synthetic glucocorticoid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and also allergic reactions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 , obo:PW_0000924 , obo:PW_0001203 , obo:PW_0002159 , obo:PW_0002459 .
obo:PW_0001447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lomitapide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lomitapide, an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001446 .
obo:PW_0001756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peptide and protein metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, folding and/or degradation of peptides and proteins, including the synthesis of protein/peptide/amino-acid based hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0000861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. A major route for pyrimidine synthesis is the de novo pathway. However, an alternate pathway, the salvage pathway, converts nucleosides generated by DNA or RNA breakdown back to nucleotide monophosphates which can then re-enter the biosynthetic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000032 .
obo:PW_0000451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-endorphin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-endorphine - a peptide neurotransmitter that may play a role in depression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000447 .
obo:PW_0002601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apixaban pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of apixaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002597 .
obo:PW_0001927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metolazone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of metolazone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the sodium-chloride symporter and is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001925 .
obo:PW_0000152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amino sugar metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of amino sugars. An amino sugar has an amino group substituent in place of a hydroxyl group. Amino sugars are important constituents of a variety of polysaccharides and glycoproteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0001141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium signaling pathway via the calcium-sensing receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Calcium signaling through the calcium-sensing receptor inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands and controls calcium absorption and water balance in the kidneys. Calcium is considered the main physiological agonist but other cations and various agonists can activate the receptor. The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is believed to engage several types of Galpha proteins and to have many other interacting partners. The pathway leads to activation of MAPK cascades, particularly the one mediated by Erk1/2. Casr signaling is cell specific; many of its molecular details are not fully understood. Many mutations, both inactivating and activating the receptor, have been identified." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001140 .
obo:PW_0001301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methionine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of methionine. As an essential amino acid, methionine can not be synthesized by humans. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000048 .
obo:PW_0000706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leukemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. The term covers a broad spectrum of conditions subdivided by proliferation type - acute and chronic, and by cell type - myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0000823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "humoral immunity pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by the B cell lymphocytes. Antibodies recognize antigens of extracellular microbes and act to neutralize and eliminate them. Activation of B cells can occur in a T cell dependent or independent manner." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000235 .
obo:PW_0002721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "melanin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The metabolic reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in plants and fungi, and eumelanins and pheomelanins in animals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000052 .
obo:PW_0000902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-11 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000514 .
obo:PW_0002067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disopyramide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of disopyramide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002066 .
obo:PW_0001738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor non-selective antagonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-selective adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001735 .
obo:PW_0001975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A stress response pathway to mitochondrial DNA depletion or accumulation of misfolded protein in the matrix or intermembrane space. Mitochondrial-to-nucleus signaling results in the increased expression of genes important for mitochondrial protein homeostasis. UPRmt can promote increased lifespan but the mechanisms are not well understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to normal aging, but mild distress can extend lifespan by almost 50% in organisms ranging from yeast to worms, flies and mice." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000237 .
obo:PW_0000320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "novobiocin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of novobiocin, an aminocoumarin antibiotic. It is also known as albamycin or cathomycin and is produced by an actinomycete of the order Actinobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0002682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "muscle contraction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a calcium-triggered chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001140 .
obo:PW_0001492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered photosignal transduction pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0001008 .
obo:PW_0002023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosinopril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fosinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002022 .
obo:PW_0002563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ornithine translocase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0002663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "choline degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of choline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000212 .
obo:PW_0000693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biphenyl degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of biphenyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon used as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls or as an intermediate for the production of a variety of organic compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chromatin modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of chromatin - DNA and constituent histones, modification mediated by writers and recognized by readers which in turn, act upon their effectors. The modifications are removed by erasers. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories are known to be implicated in cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001337 .
obo:PW_0002193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bupivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bupivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002192 .
obo:PW_0001229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xenobiotic metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the uptake, modification and elimination of chemical compounds that are foreign to the biological system. This includes the biotransformation pathways organisms use to detoxify the system and the degradation of toxic pollutants by microorganisms. Many of the compounds that enter the cell are inactive and the transformation pathways aim to increase their hydrophilicity and ease elimination. In the process, some of the intermediates may give rise to toxic metabolites and effects. The transformation pathways are also important for the pharmacokinetics aspect of drug metabolism. The distinction is that a drug is a foreign compound intentionally administered. In the case of the degradation pathway, microoganismal enzymes have the ability to degrade otherwise resistant compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0000102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "the extracellular signal-regulated Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway - a Ras activated protein kinase cascade - regulates diverse processes such as cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, in response to cytokines, hormones, growth factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000007 .
obo:PW_0001622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drugs are metabolized to compounds that render the ATP molecule non-functional, thus promoting cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001620 .
obo:PW_0000879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cortisol signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cortisol signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor have been associated with rare, sporadic or familial, glucocorticoid resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000569 , obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0000881 , obo:PW_0001314 .
obo:PW_0002436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fondaparinux pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fondaparinux. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002435 .
obo:PW_0002378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydroflumethiazide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydroflumethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002377 .
obo:PW_0001364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lactose degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The breaking down of lactose to its constituent sugars." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001363 .
obo:PW_0000215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase V transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase V transcription pathway operates in plants and plays a role in heterochromatin formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001275 .
obo:PW_0000496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "exogenous pathway" .
obo:PW_0000566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "corticosteroid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Corticosteroids group together glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C21-steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. They control a wide range of physiological and cellular responses. Synthetic drugs mimicking their effects are used in the treatment of many conditions. Side effects, long-term use and/or natural deficiencies have been associated with various disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000468 .
obo:PW_0001269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoleucine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of isoleucine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001087 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0002302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "familial hypercholanemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition characterized by elevated serum bile acid concentration that can be due to defects in any of several genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002102 .
obo:PW_0000416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sumoylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier). SUMOylation does not target proteins to the proteasome, rather it targets proteins to particular cellular compartments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000433 .
obo:PW_0002598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edoxaban drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of edoxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002596 .
obo:PW_0000663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "double-strand DNA repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway dealing with repair of double-strand breaks of the DNA or of strand damage such as interstrand cross-links." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000099 .
obo:PW_0001084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipoxygenase pathway is one of three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000460 .
obo:PW_0000743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galactocerebroside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactocerebroside, a cerebroside in which the monosaccharide is galactose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000734 .
obo:PW_0002515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tiaprofenic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002514 .
obo:PW_0002657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fructose degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of fructose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002666 .
obo:PW_0001163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cannabinoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cannabinoids are a class of rather diverse chemical compounds of which some, like endocannabinoids, are naturally produced by the body in humans and other animals, while others are found in plants or are synthesized. Signaling is mediated by the cannabinoid receptors that are G-protein-coupled (GPCR) receptors. The endogenous cannabinoids are lipids and the signaling route is referred to as retrograde as it travels 'backwards' from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0001294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eicosanoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Eicosanoids, derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, are represented by the leukotriene and prostanoid classes of which the latter is represented by several families. Some can act as endogenous ligands for members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). Once activated, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and modulate the expression of target genes." .
obo:PW_0001394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpene and terpenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of terpene and terpenoid, large classes of related organic compounds. Modified terpenes, via oxidation or re-arrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as terpenoids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001397 .
obo:PW_0002538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lidocaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of lidocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lidocaine is an important class 1b antiarrhythmic drug also used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002536 .
obo:PW_0000584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway have been linked to narcolepsy. It may also play a role in obesity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000511 , obo:PW_0000583 .
obo:PW_0002237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penbutolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of penbutolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001738 .
obo:PW_0001529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostagladin E2 is the most abundant product of prostaglandin biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. It exerts a plethora of functions by activating four receptors of the G-protein coupled (GPCRs) family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001297 .
obo:PW_0000920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiovascular system drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0000210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SMAD dependent signaling pathways" ;
rdfs:comment "The core intracellular signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. SMAD proteins function by carrying signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. There are eight vertebrate SMAD proteins and they are activated by two types of TGF-beta receptors in response to TGF cytokines binding.There are two known SMAD-dependent TGF-beta signaling pathways. SMAP pathways can also be activated via NGF signalign pathways" .
obo:PW_0001933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypercholesterolemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the various aspects of cholesterol metabolism or transport along with environmental or other diseases related aspects and manifesting in high levels of circulating cholesterol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001473 .
obo:PW_0001837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "risedronate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of risedronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0002367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antineoplastic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used in the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000919 .
obo:PW_0000062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ascorbate and aldarate, as depicted in the KEGG diagram." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diabetes mellitus pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A range of conditions with various manifestations associated with disruptions of several pathways, primarily those revolving around glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Organs and tissues affected include the kidney, eye, cardiovascular system and nerve tissue." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001547 , obo:PW_0001602 .
obo:PW_0000549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nonstop mRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The nonstop mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that lacks a translation termination codon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000546 .
obo:PW_0001286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, a branched-chain essential amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001080 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0001559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered programmed cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A programmed cell death pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000289 , obo:PW_0001557 .
obo:PW_0000446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitory neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000437 .
obo:PW_0001442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inflammatory bowel disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from the deregulation of the immune system to which both genetic and environmental factors contribute. Alterations in pattern recognition receptor signaling, such as Toll-like or Nod and signaling downstream of them, among others, may contribute to and/or lead to the chronic inflammation characteristic of the condition. The main forms of IBD are Crohn's and ulcerative colitis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0001956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nuclear DNA replication pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nuclear eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the context of the cell cycle during the S-phase. The fast and accurate replication of DNA requires the presence and the coordinated function of a complex of proteins known as the replisome. The exact composition of the replisome in higher organisms still has to be fully determined." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001954 .
obo:PW_0000174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metabolic syndrome X pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The metabolic syndrome is a multiphenotypic condition with concurrent features of several diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Insulin resistance, obesity and hypertension are considered risk factors. Alterations in lipid, glucose and cholesterol metabolic pathways, among others, can contribute to the multifactorial metabolic syndrome and the conditions associated with it." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 , obo:PW_0001472 .
obo:PW_0001511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisphenol A response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to bisphenol A - a synthetic compound used in the production of plastics and certain resins. It mimics estrogen and has negative health effects with the early developmental stages being the more sensitive to its effects. It may be implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0000331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "activin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Activins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. The pathway plays important roles in embryonic development, inflammation and reproductive biology. Deregulation of activin signaling contributes to a number of pathological conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000329 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0001714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinapril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of quinapril, an ACE inhibitor. Quinapril is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite, quinaprilat, in the liver. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001713 .
obo:PW_0001230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACE inhibitor pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ACE inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0001253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid omega degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The omega degradation pathway is an alternative route to the common beta degradation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000642 .
obo:PW_0002462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sodium salicylate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of salicylic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sodium salicylate is used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002460 .
obo:PW_0001128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "everolimus pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of everolimus-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of mTOR pathway and is used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001126 .
obo:PW_0000771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mineralocorticoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mineralocorticoids are a group of C21 steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex and so named because of their effects on the concentration of sodium as well as potassium and chloride. The group is best exemplified by aldosterone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000070 .
obo:PW_0000682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trail mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Trail-mediated signaling leads to apoptosis via assembly of the DISC complex (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex) downstream of its receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000106 , obo:PW_0000236 .
obo:PW_0002732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propionyl-CoA degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000064 , obo:PW_0000738 .
obo:PW_0000589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metal homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the proper balance of metal ion levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as demanded by the needs of cells, tissues and organs. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis can have toxic and harmful consequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001692 .
obo:PW_0001009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ascorbic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving ascorbic acid, known as vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C is an essential antioxidant that is derived from glucose. Unlike many animals, humans do not have the ability to produce it." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphingolipid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of sphingolipids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000197 .
obo:PW_0002612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered natural anticoagulant pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the anticoagulant system are associated with various conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000477 , obo:PW_0001538 .
obo:PW_0001901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimodipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nimodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001895 .
obo:PW_0001749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tolmetin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tolmetin, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001748 .
obo:PW_0001168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered calcium signaling pathway via the calcium-sensing receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Altered calcium signaling due to mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor has been associated with a number of conditions. To date, more than 250 mutations have been identified of which more than half reside in the extracellular part of the receptor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001141 , obo:PW_0001169 .
obo:PW_0000351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving the main players" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include the various VEGF molecules and VEGF receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000350 .
obo:PW_0001579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3'-end pre-mRNA processing pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The 3'-end processing of pre-mRNA is intimately coupled to pol II transcription termination, splicing, mRNA transport and translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001569 .
obo:PW_0002012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of gentamicin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001433 .
obo:PW_0000951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 26 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0000308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "liquefactive necrosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Liquefactive necrosis is associated with cellular destruction and pus formation (e.g. pneumonia)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000279 .
obo:PW_0000165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "taurine and hypotaurine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of taurine and hypotaurine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0001092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin signaling via receptor family 3" ;
rdfs:comment "Serotonin family 3 receptor is a ligand-gated Na+/K+ channel with two receptor subtypes and their heterodimerization is believed to be necessary for their function. Serotonin signaling results in depolarization of plasma membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000854 .
obo:PW_0001049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sleeping sickness pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of sleeping sickness, also known as the African trypanosomiasis, as its vector is the tsetse fly common to sub-Saharan Africa. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines are overactivated. The neurological damage the infection causes is irreversible and the disease is fatal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001048 .
obo:PW_0002711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "global genome nucleotide-excision repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The nucleotide-excision repair pathway in which DNA lesions are removed from non-transcribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000130 .
obo:PW_0001504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered auditory mechanotransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the auditory mechanotransduction pathway is associated with hearing impairment and deafness." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001503 , obo:PW_0001505 .
obo:PW_0001725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trandolapril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of trandolapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0001895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimodipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker developed for the treatment of hypertension but now used to prevent vasospasm. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0000973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 2 belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 to promote chemotaxis of neutrophils." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0001804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and as such is a broad-spectrum antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001803 .
obo:PW_0000717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forkhead class O signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway mediated by the FoxO subgroup of forkhead family of transcription factors regulates cell cycle and survival via the expression of its target genes. FoxO pathway is negatively regulated by PI3K-Akt pathway downstream of insulin signaling. It is positively regulated by the Jnk pathway of stress activated MAPK cascade." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000647 .
obo:PW_0001992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type Ia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "One of the two forms of the type I glycogen storage disease pathway involving glucose-6-phosphate, here due to mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in particular organs and tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0001554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered SWI/SNF family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the SWI/SNF family mediated pathway of chromatin remodeling are implicated in a number of human cancers that include ovarian, pancreatic and renal, among others. Many mutations are found in Smarca4, one of the two mutually exclusive, ATP-dependent, enzymatic subunits or Arid1a subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001405 , obo:PW_0001406 .
obo:PW_0001713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinapril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0001117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinol mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A signaling pathway mediated by a signaling complex for which retinol or vitamin A appears to be an essential docking molecule and redox sensor. The pathway may play an important role in regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by mechanisms that are still to be elucidated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001116 .
obo:PW_0001328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "uridine diphosphate glucose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of uridine diphosphate glucose, a nucleotide sugar." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000055 .
obo:PW_0001391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "starch and cellulose metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of starch and cellulose, two similar polymers produced and used by green plants. Both are made from glucose repeat units that differ in their orientation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered DNA repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of DNA repair that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of DNA repair, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000099 , obo:PW_0000290 .
obo:PW_0001196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphatase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000652 .
obo:PW_0001038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) represents any of a number of hereditary, monogenic forms of diabetes caused by mutations in several genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000176 .
obo:PW_0001543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered signaling pathway pertinent to immunity" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000818 .
obo:PW_0001157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ether lipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ether lipids. On these molecules one or more of the carbon atoms of glycerol is bonded to an alkyl group via an ether linkage." .
obo:PW_0000305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered carbohydrate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of carbohydrate metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant carbohydrate metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0001414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "brain disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the brain, including but not limited to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, brain stem, cerebellum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001412 .
obo:PW_0001077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amino acid metabolic pathway (KEGG)" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving amino acids as listed in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 .
obo:PW_0002190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "buprenorphine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of buprenorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002189 .
obo:PW_0001683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinorelbine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vinorelbine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001674 .
obo:PW_0002383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dobutamine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dobutamine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002382 .
obo:PW_0000810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endogenous small interfering RNA pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000809 .
obo:PW_0002504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenal gland disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions resulting from alterations in one or several pathways and affecting the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are the site of synthesis for a variety of hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001547 .
obo:PW_0002677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "agmatine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of agmatine, which is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and hydrolyzed by agmatinase to putrescine. Agmatine binds to several target receptors in the brain and has been proposed as a novel neuromodulator. It has the potential to serve in the coordination of the early and repair phase pathways of arginine in inflammation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001234 .
obo:PW_0001565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxorubicin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Its use is limited by the serious cardiotoxic side effects it exerts. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001455 .
obo:PW_0000981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 10 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0001066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribosome biogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ribosome biogenesis starts with the transcription of rRNA precursors, and involves the co-transciptional events of pre-rRNA processing and the assembly of pre-ribosomal particles. The maturation of pre-40S and pre-60S particles follows independent routes. Once in the cytoplasm, additional steps yield the mature, translation-competent ribosome. Alterations in the pathway result in specific phenotypes collectively known as ribosomopathies." .
obo:PW_0000581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "translation elongation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Translation elongation involves sampling of aminoacyl-tRNAs until a cognate tRNA is found followed by peptidyl transfer and translocation reactions. The iterative step continues until a stop codon is read or other events stall the ribosome." .
obo:PW_0002373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cetuximab pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of cetuxiumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002371 .
obo:PW_0002153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bumetanide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bumetanide - a blocker of luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter used for the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0000432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The protein modification pathway exerts a central role in the regulation of protein function and the pathways these functions impinge upon. It is also used to target proteins for degradation. In the more specialized aspect of protein modification in the secretory pathway, it involves the final modification of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans as well as processing of proteins to their mature forms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 .
obo:PW_0000137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "riboflavin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2 - a water-soluble vitamin. B2 occurs in several products and is a precursor for flavin coenzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dermatan sulfate biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate - a mucopolysaccharide found primarily in skin but also in tendons, lungs, heart valves and blood vessels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002686 , obo:PW_0002698 .
obo:PW_0000850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate signaling pathway via group II or III glutamate receptor" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000847 .
obo:PW_0001312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nodal signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nodal of the Nodal signaling pathway belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and plays important roles during vertebrate embryogenesis, where it is involved in pattern formation and differentiation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000329 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0002404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered chaperone mediated autophagy" ;
rdfs:comment "Chaperone mediated autophagy declines with aging and can also be due to alterations in protein stability and gene structure. Altered chaperone mediated autophagy has been associated with conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002401 , obo:PW_0002403 .
obo:PW_0002104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dystonia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Movement disorders classified by patterns of inheritance and age of onset." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001611 .
obo:PW_0000260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "puromycin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of puromycin - an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces alboniger, which has been used experimentally as an antineoplastic because of its ability to inhibit protein synthesis; it also has trypanosomicidal and amebicidal activity and was formerly used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and amebic dysentery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial complex III deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving complex III." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001669 .
obo:PW_0002034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fentanyl drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic used to treat sudden, severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "toxoplasmosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Toxoplasma gondii, whose hosts include various warm-blooded species including humans, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. The infection interferes with a number of host pathways; in its most severe manifestations it can be fatal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0001794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tenoxicam pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tenoxicam, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001793 .
obo:PW_0001106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bicarbonate sensing signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway elicited by increased levels of bicarbonate. Bicarbonate results from the instantaneous dissociation of carbonic acid, the end product of carbonic anhydrase hydration of exogenous or metabolically produced carbon dioxide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001105 .
obo:PW_0001650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder due to altered cholesterol metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 , obo:PW_0002102 .
obo:PW_0000539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ghrelin system pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted primarily from the stomach in response to fasting that can downregulate energy expenditure and lead to weight increase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "saccharopinuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Saccharopinuria, also known as hyperlysinemia type II, is an autosomal recessive condition due to alteration in metabolic pathways of lysine and its derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001936 .
obo:PW_0002569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare condition resulting from possible alterations in amino acid metabolism for which the causative genes are a matter of debate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone. Its own secretion is dependent upon activation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus by low levels of thyroid hormone (TH). TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0000204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Notch signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Notch signaling pathway regulates processes involved in early embryonic development. It plays an important role in cell fate determination. Target genes of Notch have been implicated in angiogenesis, somitogenesis and gliogenesis. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway underlies a broad spectrum of diseases and clinical conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000332 , obo:PW_0000650 , obo:PW_0000656 .
obo:PW_0001661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amlodipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of amlodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker is used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001659 .
obo:PW_0001152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "steroid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of steroids. Notable examples include cholesterol and steroid hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000453 , obo:PW_0001303 .
obo:PW_0001780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperoxaluria pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 .
obo:PW_0000605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cancer, or malignant neoplasm, represents a category of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and avoidance of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Deregulation of many pathways - signaling, regulatory, metabolic and combination of them, have been implicated in susceptibility to or development of these conditions. Generally, cancer is classified according to the tissue or organ affected." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0001532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins - a class of eicosanoid prostanoids with several members, exerting a range of important functions in the immune and cardiovascular systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000156 , obo:PW_0001243 .
obo:PW_0002060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eprosartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of eprosartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002058 .
obo:PW_0001146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fc gamma receptor mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling cascade initiated by an activated Fc gamma receptor. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize; thus, Fc gamma receptors bind IgG, the most common type of antibody. Fc gamma receptors belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001145 , obo:PW_0001150 .
obo:PW_0001648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A congenital disorder of sucrose metabolism resulting from mutations in the enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of dietary sugars." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0002630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "paraquat response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Paraquat, a chemical used as a herbicide and a powerful oxidant, is highly toxic to the mammalian system. Toxicity depends on delivery routes: the highest is via inhalation, followed by the oral route, with the dermal route being moderately toxic. It has been shown that there is a connection between paraquat use and Parkinson disease (PD) in farm workers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0001171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tuberoinfundibular 39 residues peptide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (Tip39) is encoded by the parathyroid hormone 2 gene, weakly homologous to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHrP). Tip39 is an endogenous ligand for the parathyroid hormone receptor 2, a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), initially considered an orphan receptor. Signaling, mostly in the brain but also in the pancreas, testis and renal tissues, appears to involve elevation in cAMP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001180 .
obo:PW_0000300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kidney disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the kidney." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001700 .
obo:PW_0001275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eukaryotic RNA polymerase transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of DNA transcription carried out by the eukaryotic polymerases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001272 .
obo:PW_0001702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "french type sialuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the biosynthetic pathway of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) lead to its excessive accumulation in the urine, resulting in several phenotypes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002381 .
obo:PW_0000180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mTOR signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mTOR signaling pathway regulates cellular processes such as translation, ribosome biogenesis, cell growth and autophagy and is regulated by or responds to growth factors, energy metabolites and/or levels of nutrients." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0001027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "primary immunodeficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Primary immunodeficiency groups disorders that result from the immune system malfunctioning that affect both cell-mediated and humoral immunity pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0000270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "presynaptic differentiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The major events in presynaptic terminal differentiation are the formation of the active zone and the clustering of synaptic vesicles. Cytoskeletal and membrane specializations within the presynapse are necessary to for the regulated exo- and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002422 .
obo:PW_0001436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbon nanotube response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to carbon nanotube (CNT), an allotrope of carbon of the fullerene structural family. CNTs have a very broad range of applications but can also exert toxic effects. Pulmonary toxicity possibly via reactive oxygen species, inhibition of potassium channels and DNA repair are some of the potential mechanisms of CNT genotoxicity. Various forms of cell death and inflammatory responses are triggered in response to CNT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001435 .
obo:PW_0001753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001752 .
obo:PW_0000316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinases (CAMKs) play important regulatory roles in the cardiac, muscle, nervous and immune tissues. They are represented by CAMK2 whose Ca2+/CaM binding leads to autophosphorylation and activation and the CAMK cascades that depend on an upstream CAMK kinase (CAMKK) for phosphorylation of an 'activation loop' and subsequent activation. CAMK1 and CAMK4 are the two CAMK signaling cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000314 , obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0001843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ranitidine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ranitidine acetate - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0001185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 2 (CAMK2) signaling plays important roles in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and long-term potentiation (LPT) and memory in the brain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000316 .
obo:PW_0002668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinoic acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The reactions involved in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001004 .
obo:PW_0001470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibuprofen pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ibuprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ibuprofen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001468 .
obo:PW_0002260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nadolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nadolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002259 .
obo:PW_0002549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid transferase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An acidosis caused by alteration in the ketone bodies metabolic pathway due to defects in the 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002546 .
obo:PW_0000696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zeatin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of zeatin - a plant hormone derived from adenine. It induces plant growth and has been reported to have anti-aging effects on human skin fibroblasts." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylcholine signaling pathway via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors engaging G alphaq protein family" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetylcholine signaling via receptor type M1, M3 and M5 primarily engages G alphaq protein family resulting in activation of phospholipase C and mobilization of intracellular calcium. The receptors are expressed in various areas of the brain and the cell membrane of effector tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000843 .
obo:PW_0002501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoprenaline drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of isoprenaline, a non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of heart block and slow heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002500 .
obo:PW_0001615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylsalicylic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The actual targets of acetylsalicylic acid known as aspirin were discovered after the drug was marketed. It was believed that it acts upon the central nervous system, but its true mode of action is to irreversibly inhibit cuclooxygenase enzyme COX-1 and to a lesser extent COX-2, thus suppressing the downstream production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001613 .
obo:PW_0002001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibandronate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibandronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001623 , obo:PW_0001624 , obo:PW_0002000 .
obo:PW_0002728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic prophase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying mitotic prophase, which is the first stage of mitosis, during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell." .
obo:PW_0000465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hormones are a class of molecules that are used as messengers between cells and serve as signals to the target cell. Vertebrate hormones belong to three classes: amine and amino acid derived, peptide and protein hormones, and lipid and phospholipid derived hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0000890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-26 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0001953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mefenamic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of mefenamic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001951 .
obo:PW_0002372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cetuximab pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cetuximab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002371 .
obo:PW_0002512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of epinephrine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000441 , obo:PW_0002510 .
obo:PW_0001633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alfentanil pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alfentanil. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001632 .
obo:PW_0001264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000440 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0001923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nabumetone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nabumetone. The drug is rapidly metabolized in the liver to 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl, its major active metabolite. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001922 .
obo:PW_0002280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fenoprofen pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of fenoprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and mild pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002278 .
obo:PW_0000154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inositol phosphate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol phosphate, which represents all of the possible phosphorylated states of inositol. Inositol phosphates have many important cellular functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in pyrimidine degradation pathway due to mutations in dihydropyrimidine gene (DPYD). DPYD catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in pyrimidine bases (uracil and thymine) catabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0002678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type XV pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving glycogenin 1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0001934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nonketotic hyperglycinemia disease pathway" .
obo:PW_0002451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrocodone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydrocodone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002450 .
obo:PW_0001560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyroptosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pyroptosis pathway is a form of programmed cell death triggered by microbial infection and release of cytokines. It can also occur independently of microbial virulence. Pyroptosis can have either apoptotic or necrotic morphological features." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000009 , obo:PW_0000276 .
obo:PW_0000678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glucagon secretion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A glucagon secretion pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Elevated serum glucagon has been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. The pathway of glucagon secretion is not well understood and this complicates the understanding of how the pathway may falter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000594 , obo:PW_0000675 .
obo:PW_0000275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cell death pathway represents the particular series of events leading to the demise of a whole cell or parts of its contents. It plays an essential role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Biochemical and morphological characteristics are used in the classification of various forms of cell death. Deregulation of cell death can contribute to the development of cancer and neurodegeneration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0000829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine-initiated pathways play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. They are also involved in development and tissue maintenance. The presence and localization of four cysteines is important for structural folding and is also the basis for chemokine classification. The spacing between the first two cysteine residues divides the family members into four groups. Most mammalian chemokines belong to the CC and CXC families. Chemokines signal via G-protein-coupled receptors to engage distinct G-protein signaling and downstream cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000577 , obo:PW_0000818 .
obo:PW_0002725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 , obo:PW_0001756 .
obo:PW_0002389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "felbamate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of felbamate - an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002295 .
obo:PW_0000424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered surfactant homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A surfactant homeostatic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in surfactant proteins and in ABCA3 - a member of the ABC transporters have been implicated in the altered pathway and associated with conditions such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns and lung diseases in infants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0000423 .
obo:PW_0000958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forkhead class A signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway mediated by the FoxA subgroup of forkhead family of transcription factors plays important roles in development and in modulating steroid hormone signaling. Three FoxA genes carry out overlapping yet distinct functions. FOXA1 appears to modulate steroid receptor activity in breast and prostate cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000647 .
obo:PW_0001451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valproic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valproic acid, a branched short-chain fatty acid derived from valeric acid used as a mood-stabilizing drug and in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently it has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002295 .
obo:PW_0002646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 6, which appears to participate in discriminating the subtle differences between dipalmitoyl and tripalmitoyl cysteinyl residues" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0000866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "purine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation pathway of purines. Several enzymes are involved in the breakdown of adenine and guanine to uric acid. Primates, birds and other animal excrete uric acid. In other species uric acid is further metabolized to allantoin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000031 .
obo:PW_0002114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antidepressant drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to treat various forms of depression. Some are non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, others are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The category also includes monoamine oxidase inhibitors and drug classified as others." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0001088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leucine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of leucine, an essential, branched-chain amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0001571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase I transcription elongation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Subunits of Pol I have elongation and hydrolysis capabilities. However, additional trans-acting factors are involved in Pol I elongation steps." .
obo:PW_0002276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0001745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tobramycin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tobramycine - an anti-bacterial antibiotic, used primarily for the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0002291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carnitine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of carnitine. Carnitine is derived from lysine and methionine and is important for fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0001637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alteplase pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of alteplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Alteplase is one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Alteplase is used for treatment of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, among others. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001635 .
obo:PW_0000616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Altered tumor necrosis factor superfamily pathways have been implicated in a spectrum of conditions ranging from septic shock and tumorigenesis to diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and various inflammatory diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000236 , obo:PW_0000617 .
obo:PW_0000338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cadherins mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000333 .
obo:PW_0001225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "irinotecan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of irinotecan, a drug used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001224 .
obo:PW_0001764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "radical mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway initiated by a radical. The reactivity of free radicals renders them potentially hazardous but it can also positively contribute to many biological processes. The generation, utilization and neutralization of radicals is tightly regulated. Disturbance in the levels and regulation of radicals leads to pathological states including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and aging." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0001241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostacyclin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving prostacycline - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids with important functions in the cardiovascular system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001240 .
obo:PW_0002042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etodolac pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of etodolac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with a preference for COX-2 enzyme. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002040 .
obo:PW_0002559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heroin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of heroin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002558 .
obo:PW_0002197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bendroflumethiazide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of bendroflumethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002195 .
obo:PW_0001406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SWI/SNF family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The SWI/SNF (switching defective/sucrose nonfermenting) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In mammals, two complexes are comprised of one of two mutually exclusive catalytic ATPase subunits along with a set of conserved core subunits and variant subunits. The SWI/SNF is involved in nucleosome sliding and ejection. Deregulation of pathway is associated with several human cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001339 .
obo:PW_0000369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nuclear factor, 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2) signaling pathway is one of the most important regulator of antioxidant and/or electrophilic stress responses. Upon activation, Nfe2l2 induces the expression of antioxidant, xenobiotic metabolism, and cytoprotective genes, among others. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with various conditions, including neurodegeneration and cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 , obo:PW_0000378 , obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001229 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0000540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "obesity pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Obesity, usually defined as 20% or more excess body weight, constitutes a major public health problem and an independent risk factor for a number of conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Deregulation of energy homeostasis, of various metabolic and signaling pathways, genetic and environmental aspects, all can contribute to the development of an obese state." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001601 .
obo:PW_0002418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphoinositide metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Reversible phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol at the 3, 4, and/or 5 position of the inositol ring with one or more phosphate groups by the action of phosphatidylinositol kinases and phosphatases gives rise to several different phosphoinositides (PIs) whose various distribution is important to cellular membrane identity. PIs are involved in various transport and trafficking, signaling and metabolic pathways. As such, alteration of PIs metabolism is implicated in a wide range of human diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002417 .
obo:PW_0001323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial translation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The translation pathway that takes place in the mitochondrion. The mitochondrial translation pathway utilizes 22 tRNAs which are encoded in the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genome also encodes 2 ribosomal genes. A small set of mitochondrially-encoded proteins is translated in the mitochondrion. Most others are nuclear genes, synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and then targeted to the organelle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000101 .
obo:PW_0000667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered double-strand DNA repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000292 , obo:PW_0000663 .
obo:PW_0000132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metabolic pathway of other amino acids" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of amino acids other than the common 20 amino acids found in protein. Some of these amino acids like carnitine or homocysteine derive from primary amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0000009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apoptotic cell death pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Apoptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that is characterized by particular morphological features such as membrane blebbing and DNA fragmentation. It can be intrinsic or extrinsic and involves the activation of caspases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001557 .
obo:PW_0000015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Alzheimer's disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mostly sporadic, late-onset condition affecting the central nervous system, that is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and fibril tangles. Possible pathways affected range from protein mis-folding and aggregation, to oxidative stress and impaired metal homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000014 .
obo:PW_0002179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "connective tissue disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001701 .
obo:PW_0001124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "axitinib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of axitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Axitinib is a selective second generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001123 .
obo:PW_0000333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cadherin mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cadherins represent a large protein superfamily with many and important roles in cell adhesion and signaling. Cadherins are characterized by the presence of the extracellular cadherin, calcium-binding repeat. The number and structural similarities of repeats across families vary." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000332 .
obo:PW_0001810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methylmalonic acidemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An inherited condition resulting from alterations in the metabolic pathway whereby methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is converted into succinyl-CoA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Hippo signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hippo signaling pathway plays important roles in organ development and growth and tumor suppression. The pathway consists of a core of four kinases which once activated by upstream regulators promote the cytoplasmic sequestration of YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators. Dysregulation of the pathway has been implicated in tumor metastasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000650 , obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0002554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levorphanol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levorphanol, an opioid used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Primarily an agonist of the mu opioid receptor, levorphanol acts as an agonist or antagonist for several other receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin II signaling pathway via AT2 receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2) is less well understood and rather controversial. It appears to counteract AT1 receptor function and promote apoptosis. Alternatively, it may complement the effects of AT1 receptor with deleterious consequences in cardiac pathologies. AT2 receptor appears to function in a G-protein dependent as well as independent manner." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000244 .
obo:PW_0000656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycoprotein signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways initiated or mediated by glycoproteins. Glycoproteins have oligosaccharides attached to their amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosylation. Glycoproteins represent a large category of proteins encompassing a wide range of functionalities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000655 .
obo:PW_0000297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The PDGF signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and survival." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0001942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mercaptopurine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mercaptopurine, an immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of leukemia, Crohn's disease and colitis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 , obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0000412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the central nervous system's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, involved in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000446 .
obo:PW_0002056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eptifibatide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eptifibatide, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002055 .
obo:PW_0001130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "temsirolimus pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001129 .
obo:PW_0001672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinca alkaloid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Vinca alkaloids are anti-mitotic and anti-microtubule agents originally derived from plants and also produced as semisynthetic compounds. They have a hypoglycemic and cytotoxic effects and are widely used as cancer drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0001317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. The mitotic cell cycle pathway underlies the generation of new cells. The meiotic cell cycle pathway is a special type of cell division that takes place in germ cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neddylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with Nedd8 - a ubiquitin-like protein. All Nedd8 targets appear to be members of the cullin family. Cullins participate in the assembly of various E3 ligase complexes. The neddylation pathway is important for embryogenesis and cell cycle control in metazoa, embryonic development in animals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000433 .
obo:PW_0001353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000545 , obo:PW_0001348 .
obo:PW_0000962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "visual phototransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway initiated by light-induced isomerization of 11-cis retinal and subsequent activation of its photoreceptors in rods and cones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001008 , obo:PW_0001116 , obo:PW_0001536 .
obo:PW_0002739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insulin receptor recycling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be dephosphorylated and recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation." .
obo:PW_0001113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sunitinib pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sunitinib. The drug is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001110 .
obo:PW_0002075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondria fission pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mitochondria fission pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001998 , obo:PW_0002062 .
obo:PW_0000382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug resistance protein mediated transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000380 .
obo:PW_0000286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "integrin mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Integrins signal bi-directionally across the plasma membrane and provide an example of mechanotransduction. Inside-out signaling modulates their interaction with ligands to regulate cell adhesion and ECM organization. Ligand binding initiates and shapes many signaling events and links to the cytoskeleton. Via protein clustering and ECM organization integrins synergize with and/or modulate various growth factor pathways. Integrin signaling regulates multiple processes including gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation and survival." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000648 , obo:PW_0001502 .
obo:PW_0002691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparan sulfate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan occurring in the cell membrane of most cells. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a glucosamine residue linked to a uronic acid, either glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid, which may be sulfated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0002736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase II promoter clearance pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events mediating the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors." .
obo:PW_0001626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRM1 export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "CRM1 export pathway is involved in trafficking a subset of mRNA as well as other RNA particles. Depending on the adaptor proteins that recruit CRM1 to cargo, there are several routes of export." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001587 .
obo:PW_0001667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive metabolic disease due to alteration in the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0002574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in long chain fatty acid oxidation due to defects in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001643 , obo:PW_0002573 .
obo:PW_0001548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diabetes complication pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000176 .
obo:PW_0001791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triamterene pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of triamterene. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001790 .
obo:PW_0001190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered hydrophobic amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000403 , obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0000144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitylation, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to target proteins is a key signal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000417 .
obo:PW_0001500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vitamin homeostasis" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0001006 .
obo:PW_0001905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nizatidine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nizatidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001904 .
obo:PW_0002096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuromuscular manifestation of disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those symptoms associated with conditions affecting the muscles, neuromuscular junctions or peripheral nerves." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000178 .
obo:PW_0000394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Dopamine signaling plays important roles in processes such as motivation, learning and movement. It also plays several roles in the periphery as a modulator of renal, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Dopamine signals to a family of at least 5 receptors that are classified into two subfamilies that couple to distinct G proteins to elicit diverse downstream events. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 , obo:PW_0000798 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0000443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catecholamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of catecholamines - chemical compounds derived from tyrosine. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000211 , obo:PW_0000436 .
obo:PW_0002362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "remifentanil pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of remifentanil. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002361 .
obo:PW_0001996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type VI pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving the liver phosphorylase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0001779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare recessive metabolic disorder arising from alteration in the purine metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0001808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nonketotic hyperglycinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the glycine metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0002082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "didanosine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of didanosine - an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0002318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caffeine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of caffeine, a widely used stimulant of the central nervous system. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002317 .
obo:PW_0001826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spirapril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of spirapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001825 .
obo:PW_0001205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sobetirome drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Sobetirome, also known as GC-1, is a one of the best characterized thyromimetics with high affinity for the beta thyroid receptor. It has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol in animal model studies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001204 .
obo:PW_0001344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cardiolipin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cardiolipin. The molecule is derived from phosphatidylglycerol as an immature cardiolipin, and further remodeled by phospholipases. Cardiolipin is important for a range of mitochondrial functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001343 .
obo:PW_0001945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mepivacaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mepivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0002157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisoprolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bisoprolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002156 .
obo:PW_0000069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketone bodies metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of ketone bodies. The chemicals acetoacetate, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate are collectively known as ketone bodies, although only the first two are ketones. They provide fuel for heart and skeletal muscle and for the brain during starvation. Excessive accumulation of these acidic chemicals leads to dangerous diabetic conditions known as ketoacidosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000058 .
obo:PW_0002407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retrograde export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The retrograde export pathway is major route to recycle components of the secretory apparatus and to diverge from lysosomal degradation components derived from endocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002406 .
obo:PW_0001192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered homocysteine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A homocysteine metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Enzyme and/or vitamin deficiencies or defects in folate metabolism can give rise to the abnormal levels of homocysteine in homocysteinuria or hyperhomocystenemia and the consequences related to them." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000398 , obo:PW_0000402 .
obo:PW_0001985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imipramine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of imipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depression. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002113 .
obo:PW_0002352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trastuzumab pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trastuzumab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002351 .
obo:PW_0002168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP11B1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001478 .
obo:PW_0001372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Inhibitor of DNA binding signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix superfamily of transcription factor that regulate cell growth and differentiation. They lack the DNA binding domain and exert their gene expression regulatory function through the interaction with other transcription factors. They also appear to play a role in malignant biology; in neural cancers, deregulated activity has been associated with tumor progression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001371 .
obo:PW_0000808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "microRNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The biogenesis and function of miRNA is subject to complex control. Deregulation of miRNA expression has been linked to many diseases including cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000809 .
obo:PW_0000831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CC chemokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The CC family members are characterized by the presence of two adjacent cysteine residues. The CC and the CXC family are the two most prominent families. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000829 .
obo:PW_0002507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mycophenolic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid - an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0000899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-17A signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Of the six family members of the interleukin-17 family, interleukin-17A is the founding member and the better-characterized system. While interleukin-17A binds the same receptor as interleukin-17F and can also heterodimerize with it, its signaling elicits distinct and broader responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000897 .
obo:PW_0002684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smooth muscle contraction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a calcium-triggered chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002682 .
obo:PW_0000100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways governing and/or regulating DNA transcription and gene expression. DNA transcription into coding and non-coding RNA is accomplished by one prokaryotic and several eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Transcription-coupled repair handles DNA lesions that interfere with the progression of RNA polymerases. Splicing of nascent RNA is thought to be predominantly co-transcriptional. Signaling pathways mediated by various transcription factors are involved in the regulation of gene expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "p38 MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A SAPK MAPK pathway that plays an important role in inflammation and may be involved in several forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000312 .
obo:PW_0001239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, molecules that play important roles in the immune and vascular systems. They are derived from either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, with the route via the conversion of arachidonic acid being better known." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000485 .
obo:PW_0001332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase II transcription termination pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Termination of transcription is important for partitioning the genome and maintaining adequate expression of neighboring genes." .
obo:PW_0002300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nervous system lysosomal storage disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The lysosomal storage disease pathways affecting the nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001630 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase II transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events governing the synthesis of protein-coding messenger RNA (mRNA) precursors and of transcripts of many classes of non-coding genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001275 .
obo:PW_0002348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lornoxicam drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lornoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 , obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0000008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Wnt signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The secreted glycoproteins of the Wnt family regulate a wide spectrum of developmental processes and they are also playing important roles in the adult organism. Deregulation of Wnt cascades has oncogenic effects and is responsible for tumorigenesis in adults." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000650 , obo:PW_0000656 .
obo:PW_0000160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ran family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Ran family mediated signaling pathways are involved in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000006 .
obo:PW_0002556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levorphanol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of levorphanol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts primarily as a mu-receptor agonist, but it can be an agonist or antagonist for several other receptors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002554 .
obo:PW_0000970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "GM-CSF signaling, like the other hemopoietic cytokines, is involved in the production and activation of hemopoietic cells. The GM-CSF pathway acts on monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes and is also involved in the regulation of T and dendritic cell functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000967 .
obo:PW_0002714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tRNA modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that encoded genetically. At least 92 distinct tRNA nucleotide base modifications have been found, made post-transcriptionally by a large group of disparate enzymes located in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001573 .
obo:PW_0002478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rosiglitazone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of rosiglitazone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. In several countries rosiglitazone was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002476 .
obo:PW_0000491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vasopressin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The hormone vasopressin plays central roles in cardiovascular and water homeostasis by signaling via two receptor types, G-protein coupled receptors coupling to particular G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilostazol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002286 .
obo:PW_0000760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gemcitabine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of gemcitabine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue that is administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain types of cancer. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000758 .
obo:PW_0002255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The neonatal form of multiple carboxylase deficiency due to defects in holocarboxylase synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the covalent attachment of biotin to biotin-dependent carboxylases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002253 .
obo:PW_0000094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell cycle checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the control of cell cycle progression as well as its precision and fidelity." .
obo:PW_0000558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucose conversion pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000555 .
obo:PW_0000471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atrial natriuretic peptide signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone pathway plays important roles in the regulation of body fluid volume and blood pressure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000470 .
obo:PW_0000076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urea cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of metabolic reactions, occurring in the liver, by which the ammonia derived from the breakdown of amino acids combines with carbon dioxide to form urea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 .
obo:PW_0001023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "systemic lupus erythematosus pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that can affect many parts of the body and which, although treatable, does not have a cure. Activation of complement and deregulations of immune regulatory and signaling pathways contribute in ways that are incompletely understood." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0002244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prilocaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of prilocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0000552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids or brassins, a group of plant hormones released in response to low oxygen and sugar, or to root stresses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the endoplasmic reticulum, correctly-folded proteins are targeted for further export whereas misfolded proteins are retained and targeted for degradation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000325 .
obo:PW_0000043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyruvate - a salt, ester, or anionic form of pyruvic acid. Pyruvate, which is the end-product of glycolysis, can be converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions, can be further oxidized via the Krebs or citrate cycle or can be converted back to glucose via gluconeogenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 , obo:PW_0000556 .
obo:PW_0000482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoprotein metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lipoproteins - any of the protein-lipid complexes. In the blood, lipoproteins carry fats essential for the cell. Genetic variability and environmental (nongenetic) factors contribute to alterations in the homeostasis of lipid metabolic pathways and constitute cardiovascular disease risk." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0000318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered calcium/calmodulin dependent signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those calcium/CaM dependent pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant calcium/CaM dependent pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many diseases. One example is the potential role disruptions within these pathways play in cardiac hypertrophy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000314 , obo:PW_0001169 .
obo:PW_0002415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered endosomal pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Any alteration of an aspect pertinent to endosomal pathway. Defects in endosomal sorting and export have been associated with human conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002411 , obo:PW_0002414 .
obo:PW_0002269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zoledronate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of zoledronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002268 .
obo:PW_0001189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered folate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A folate metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Impairment of folate cycle and/or folate mediated one-carbon pathways is associated with an increased risk for several conditions and developmental anomalies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000140 , obo:PW_0000429 .
obo:PW_0001279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "threonine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of threonine, an essential amino acid for humans. There are several routes for the degradation of threonine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001085 .
obo:PW_0000649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "" .
obo:PW_0001653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocaproic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of aminocaproic acid, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in fibrinolysis and as such, effective in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001652 .
obo:PW_0001784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "porphyria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of metabolic conditions due to alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway in bone marrow, the liver or both. They are further classified depending on the enzymes that are deficient or the site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lung cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in men but is also very common in women. The main types are represented by small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas. The former tends to respond better to chemotherapy; the latter is at times treated surgically." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000702 .
obo:PW_0001583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nutritional and metabolic disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those disorders and diseases resulting from nutritional imbalances and by alterations in various aspects of metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0002673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic metaphase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying mitotic metaphase, the cell cycle phase following prophase or prometaphase, during which chromosomes become aligned via spindle fibers on the equatorial or metaphase plate of the cell. Such an organization helps to ensure that later, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus that is formed receives one copy of each chromosome. " .
obo:PW_0001863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prednisone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prednisone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001862 .
obo:PW_0000794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor beta" ;
rdfs:comment "Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit. Beta 2 receptor may also couple to Galphai." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000790 .
obo:PW_0000894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interferon mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interferons represent a subset of cytokines whose signaling is involved in various aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the type of receptors they employ, interferons have been classified into type I and II. A third type, the lambda interferons, are members of the interleukin 10 family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000828 .
obo:PW_0001570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase I transcription initiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Initiation of transcription from the bipartite rDNA repeats requires the assembly of the Pol I preinitiation complex (PIC) and subsequent recruitment of the polymerase." .
obo:PW_0002337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexiletine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mexiletine, a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Mexiletine is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker of the Class IB antiarrhythimc drugs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0000801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor agonist and beta-blocker pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of beta adrenergic drug-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The beta-agonists are used to stimulate while the beta-blockers are used to inhibit the action of adrenergic beta receptors, as necessary. Adrenergic beta receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine elicit various sympathetic responses important for proper cardiac function and in the case of beta2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000799 .
obo:PW_0000888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-22 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-22 signaling triggers the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade resulting in the activation of various T helper (Th) cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0000036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrogen metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions in the nitrogen cycle carried out by various microorganisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000033 .
obo:PW_0002614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered protein C anticoagulant pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in protein C (Proc) and its cofactor, protein S (Pros1) are associated with several deficiencies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000480 , obo:PW_0002612 .
obo:PW_0002045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etacrynic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of etacrynic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts by inhibiting sodium-potassium-chloride contransport in the ascending loop of Henle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002043 .
obo:PW_0000911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-21 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-21, an interleukin-2 family member, induces proliferation of immune system cells and has roles in cancer, allergies and viral infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0001493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vitamin and vitamin metabolites signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0001012 .
obo:PW_0000597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Wnt signaling, non-canonical pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway groups the various Wnt signaling routes that are beta-catenin-independent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000008 .
obo:PW_0001476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "congenital disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases present at birth and also before birth, or those that develop during the first month of life. Alteration(s) in one or several pathways can contribute to the development of the condition usually manifested in structural deformities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered extrinsic apoptotic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000106 , obo:PW_0000287 .
obo:PW_0000859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucuronidation conjugation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucuronidation of phase I products by members of the UDP-glucuronosyltranferase superfamily represents the major phase II conjugation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000858 .
obo:PW_0000299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myocardial infarction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack, is a serious, sudden heart condition characterized by varying degrees of chest pain, weakness, sweating, nausea and vomiting, sometimes causing loss of consciousness. It occurs when parts of the heart muscle die because they are not supplied with enough blood." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 .
obo:PW_0002196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bendroflumethiazide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bendroflumethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002195 .
obo:PW_0000003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways where a signal - hormone, neurotransmitter, growth factor, peptide, any molecule - triggers one or multiple cascades of events. This involves a number of molecules, including receptors, proteins, ligands, messengers, any participating molecule. A signaling pathway may be upstream or downstream of other signaling pathways. Signaling pathways control a very broad spectrum of processes as well as pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000001 .
obo:PW_0002031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flecainide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of flecainide, a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0002214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cystinuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal condition resulting from impaired epithelial transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal renal tubule. It is further classified based on differences in the genetic basis of the disorder." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002213 .
obo:PW_0002695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heparin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002686 , obo:PW_0002693 .
obo:PW_0001019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rheumatoid arthritis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition characterized by persistent inflammation. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are over-activated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001440 .
obo:PW_0002128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "candesartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of candsartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0001970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketoprofen pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ketoprofen. The drug is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001969 .
obo:PW_0000250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan - a high molecular weight polymer that forms the tough, rigid structure of bacterial cell walls. It is made up of three parts: (1) a backbone, composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; (2) a set of identical tetrapeptide side-chains attached to N-acetylmuramic acid; and (3) a set of identical peptide cross-bridges. The backbone is the same in all bacterial species; however, the tetrapeptide side-chains and the peptide cross-bridges vary from species to species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000876 .
obo:PW_0002399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endosomal sorting pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endosomal system is at the crossroads of endocytosis and secretory pathways. As the endosome goes through the maturation process various trafficking events are initiated. Material internalized from the plasma membrane or synthesized is sorted along two routes: a degradative pathway to the lysosome or an export pathway. Cargo delivery to the plasma membrane is via the recycling export pathway while delivery to the trans Golgi network (TGN) is via the retrograde export pathway. An important system for selective cargo sorting is the retromer." .
obo:PW_0001482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered peripheral dopamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A peripheral dopamine signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered peripheral dopamine signaling has been associated with elevated blood pressure in rodent models and with essential hypertension in certain populations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001481 , obo:PW_0001483 .
obo:PW_0001498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered retinoid cycle metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alteration in the retinoid cycle, or the visual cycle, have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa and a few other forms of photoreceptor degeneration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001005 , obo:PW_0001499 .
obo:PW_0001149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus causing a type of cancer known as adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma and a demyelinating condition referred to as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A viral regulatory protein known as Tax, which is a transcriptional co-factor, interferes with a number of signaling pathways in the host." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, also known as lindane, used as an insecticide and suspected to be carcinogenic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0002568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal condition resulting from alterations in cysteine metabolism due to defects in the enzyme mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0002180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "genetic skin disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those skin diseases that contain a genetic component, usually resulting from inborn error of metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002178 .
obo:PW_0001223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "forkhead class P signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000647 .
obo:PW_0000600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Wnt signaling, non-canonical pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of the beta-catenin independent pathway appears to play a role in the biology of tumors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000597 , obo:PW_0000598 .
obo:PW_0002088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "desipramine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of desipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of depression and attention deficit disorder. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002113 .
obo:PW_0000979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 4 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0001930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metoprolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of metoprolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001928 .
obo:PW_0000457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin III signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin III is derived from angiotensin II through the action of aminopeptidase A and in turn is cleaved by aminopeptidase N to generate angiotensin IV. Angiotensin III appears to function in a manner similar to angiotensin II. It plays a role in vasoconstriction and the control of arterial blood pressure. Angiotensin III may be the effective angiotensin peptide in the central nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000245 .
obo:PW_0000530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin III signaling pathway via AT1 receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin III, like angiotensin II, binds to the type 1 and 2 receptors and triggers downstream signaling pathways. In rats, angiotensin III signaling through the receptor type 1 (AT1) can modulate noradrenergic transmission via phospholipase C activation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000457 .
obo:PW_0002445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxycodone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxycodone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002444 .
obo:PW_0001978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histidinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the histidine metabolic pathway and characterized by increased levels of histidine in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Gamma-aminobutyric acid signals at inhibitory synapses via the type A receptor, which is part of a ligand-gated ion channel, and the type B receptors, which are metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000456 .
obo:PW_0001319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "toxic secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of toxic secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins, produced by some fungi, such as Fusarium. The mycotoxins they produce in cereal crops, such as species of fumonisins and trichothecenes, can affect humans and animals if present in food." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001365 .
obo:PW_0001001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adenosine triphosphate signaling via the P2X ligand-gated ion channel" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000999 .
obo:PW_0000329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transforming growth factor-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors regulates a broad spectrum of processes such as angiogenesis, embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation and wound healing. Binding to two types of serine/threonine receptors and activation of Smad proteins is a common theme. However, ligand-receptor interaction and the identity of the activated Smad protein(s) appear to be member-specific." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0001501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vitamin A homeostasis" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001007 , obo:PW_0001500 .
obo:PW_0001719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lisinopril drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lisinopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0001854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propranolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of propanolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001852 .
obo:PW_0001840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperhomocysteinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition of elevated levels of homocysteine usually due to alteration in folate metabolic pathways. Homocysteine is an intermediate in the methionine metabolic cycle. It can be remethylated to methionine or it can follow the transsulfuration pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rRNA maturation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The reactions involved in processing the primary Pol I-transcribed rRNA and the 5S pre-rRNA transcribed by Pol III. The large Pol I transcribed pre-rRNA contains the mature 18S, 5.8S and 25S/28S rRNAs separated by internal (ITS) and flanked by external transcribed spacers (ETS). The nascent pre-rRNA associates co-transcriptionally with various factors, folds and is modified, while endo- and exo-nucleolytic cleavages sequentially remove the spacers. Cleavage at site ITS1 separates the initial 90S pre-ribosome into pre-40S and pre-60S particles whose nucleocytoplasmic processing will follow independent routes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001568 .
obo:PW_0002642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 2, which is expressed constitutively on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, and can be induced in some other cell types, including epithelial cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0000277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cellular senescence pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cellular senescence, also known as replicative senescence, results from cells ceasing to divide. Generally, it is a state of steady cell cycle arrest induced by stresses such as DNA damage, toxins and/or oncogene activation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000276 , obo:PW_0000651 .
obo:PW_0002017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acute intermittent porphyria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rather common autosomal dominant porphyria resulting from defects in hydroxymethybilane synthase in the heme biosynthetic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001980 .
obo:PW_0002423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The cycle of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter release and the subsequent endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001251 .
obo:PW_0001050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chagas disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the Chagas disease, also known as the American trypanosomiasis, as it occurs primarily in poor areas of the Americas, mostly Central and South America. Infection interferes with a number of intracellular pathways and it appears to activate calcium signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001048 .
obo:PW_0001909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "olmesartan pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of olmesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001907 .
obo:PW_0001160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway whereby various RNA molecules synthesized in the nucleus are exported to the cytoplasm to be further processed such as protein-coding mRNA or to fulfill particular functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 , obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0001218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pralatrexate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pralatrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and is used in the treatment of some cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001216 .
obo:PW_0001460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amphotericin B pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001459 .
obo:PW_0000391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Ras superfamily mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000006 , obo:PW_0001541 .
obo:PW_0002370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monoclonal antibody drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of various types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0002518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyrotropin-releasing hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH is a tripeptidal hormone produced in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0002502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoprenaline pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of isoprenaline. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002501 .
obo:PW_0002085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diclofenac drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis and other joint diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0001261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arginine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of arginine. Higher organisms do not possess the enzymes involved in this catabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001082 , obo:PW_0001259 .
obo:PW_0000877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cytosine monophosphate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cytosine monophosphate, the only nucleotide sugar in the monophosphate form." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000055 .
obo:PW_0000819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway in the innate immune response" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000818 .
obo:PW_0002743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those chemical reactions resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety; these may be mono-, di- or triphosphates. This definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000012 .
obo:GO_0006386 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0001120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bevacizumab drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits VEGF activity. It is used for the treatment of several types of advanced cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002370 .
obo:PW_0001935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hyperinsulinism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition spanning a spectrum of manifestations that may also cause hypoglycemia resulting from alterations in glucose homeostasis and insulin related pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001602 .
obo:PW_0001415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zellweger syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cerebro-hepato-renal phenotype caused by mutations in genes involved in the peroxisome biogenesis pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 , obo:PW_0001413 , obo:PW_0001414 .
obo:PW_0002175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pamidronate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pamidronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0000255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-Lactam resistance pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that confer to an organism resistance to the action of beta-lactams - a class of broad spectrum antibiotics that are structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving thiamine, a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. It is synthesized in bacteria, fungi and plants while animals obtain thiamine from food. Thiamine insufficiency results in a condition called beriberi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "type 1 diabetes mellitus pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Hereditary and environmental factors are likely contributors but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. The type 1 diabetes mellitus pathway involves alterations in immune response pathways resulting in destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000176 , obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0002006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gliclazide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gliclazide, a second generation sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0002431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered retromer-mediated pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in retromer-mediated pathway can affect both the sorting and the export pathways subsequent to sorting. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002413 , obo:PW_0002430 .
obo:PW_0001986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imipramine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of imipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001985 .
obo:PW_0002102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of steroid metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those disorders resulting from alterations in steroid metabolic pathways due to inborn genetic mutations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0002583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADP-ribosylation pathway, cyclic ribosylation" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyclic ADP-ribosylation leads to the formation of second messengers with important roles in calcium signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002581 .
obo:PW_0002118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citalopram pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of citalopram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002116 .
obo:PW_0001357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "coenzyme A metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of coenzyme A, important for fatty acid, pyruvate and citric acid metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000167 .
obo:PW_0000097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic spindle checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway prevents cells with mis-aligned chromosomes from dividing. Defects of kinetochore function activate checkpoint proteins to initiate a cascade of events that eventually prevent separation of sister chromatids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000094 .
obo:PW_0000525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ras mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000158 .
obo:PW_0000245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin peptides Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV and Ang (1-7) generated from a single precursor protein - angiotensinogen - regulate an array of physiological and pathophysiological processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0000826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "T cell receptor signaling pathway in CD4+ T cells" ;
rdfs:comment "T cells that express the CD4 co-receptor, also called T helper cells, recognize class II MHC presented antigens derived from internalized microbes to initiate a signaling cascade that results in enhanced microbicidal capacity of phagocytes. T helper cells can be further subdivided into subsets of CD4+ T cells based on the distinct cytokines they produce and effector functions they perform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000821 .
obo:PW_0002143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citrullinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The condition represents a group of disorders due to argininosuccinate synthase deficiency. The enzyme is a component of the urea cycle pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002142 .
obo:PW_0002702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hepoxilin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of hepoxilins, a class of bioactive non-classic icosanoid signaling molecules with roles in the regulation of cell physiology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001137 , obo:PW_0001239 .
obo:PW_0002326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heparin group drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heparin group drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by activating the antithrombin III (AT) thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002151 .
obo:PW_0001030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cocaine addiction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prolonged use of cocaine results in cardiovascular and brain damage. Cocaine is thought to bind to the dopamine reuptake transporter thus blocking the reuptake of dopamine into nerve terminals. The resulting higher concentration of dopamine in synapses leads to overactivation of dopamine receptors such as D1 and of signaling pathways downstream of it overall believed to be critical in mediating the behavioral responses to cocaine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001029 .
obo:PW_0002309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levobunolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of levobunolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective antagonist of beta adrenergic used in the treatment of glaucoma. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002307 .
obo:PW_0001765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "superoxide mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Superoxide and the radicals for which it is a precursor participate in several reactions and processes important in immunity and epigenetics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001764 .
obo:PW_0001989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibutilide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibutilide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001988 .
obo:PW_0000054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tryptophan metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions that are involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tryptophan - a dietary essential amino acid and precursor for several important compounds. Along with phenylalanine and tyrosine, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 , obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0001174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Paracrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are represented by five phylogenetic subfamilies whose signaling, also referred to as canonical, is involved in the well known role of FGF in embryonic and postnatal development. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000328 , obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0001880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iminoglycinuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition associated with impaired renal tubular transport." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 .
obo:PW_0001795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tenoxicam pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tenoxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tenoxicam is thought to inhibit cyclooxygenases and thus block prostaglandin synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001793 .
obo:PW_0002314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indometacin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of indometacin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002313 .
obo:PW_0002135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bupranolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bupranolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002134 .
obo:PW_0001646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of brain metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those brain diseases that are caused by inborn metabolic errors. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001414 , obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adiponectin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Adiponectin signaling, by a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, impacts on metabolic pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism, possibly via activation of the AMPK pathway. Its deregulation has been linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A disorder due to alteration in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0000065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "butanoate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of butanoate - an ester or salt of n-butyric acid. Various butanoates are used as ingredients in flavoring and perfumery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edoxaban pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of edoxaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002598 .
obo:PW_0001660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amlodipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001659 .
obo:PW_0000842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylcholine signaling pathway via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Activation of the pentameric ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor leads to membrane depolarization and subsequent excitatory transmission. A salient feature of presynaptic signaling is promoting the release of various neurotransmitters depending on the neuron expressing the receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000841 .
obo:PW_0001754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001752 .
obo:PW_0001221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gasotransmitter mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those signaling pathway elicited by gases such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide or hydrogen sulfide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0002744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those chemical reactions resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety; these may be mono-, di- or triphosphates. This definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000012 .
obo:PW_0000025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the energy-yielding conversion of glucose to pyruvate or in the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as pyruvate, lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates, the carbon skeleton of many amino acids. While many enzymes are shared by the two pathways, a few steps are carried out by pathway-specific enzymes. The two pathways are independently regulated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002655 .
obo:PW_0001422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kanamycin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of kanamycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001421 .
obo:PW_0001134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pazopanib pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pazopanib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pazopanib is a selective multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment or renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001132 .
obo:PW_0002697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chondroitin sulfate degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of chondroitin sulfate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001154 , obo:PW_0002696 .
obo:PW_0001635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alteplase drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alteplase - one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Plasminogen is a key player in the fibrinolytic cascade pathway of blood clots breakdown. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002152 .
obo:PW_0001383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway IV" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reaction involved in glutamate degradation pathway IV. It proceeds via 4-aminobutanoate (GABA), like degradation pathway III, but is found in plants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001263 .
obo:PW_0000187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythromycin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of erythromycin - an intermediate spectrum macrolide (a chemical compound characterized by a large lactone ring containing multiple keto and hydroxyl groups) antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus, effective against most gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria species and Haemophilus influenzae, and against spirochetes, some rickettsias, and Entamoeba; it is also highly effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is used especially in patients allergic to penicillin and in those with penicillin-resistant infections and Legionnaires' disease; administered orally or topically." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pathogenic Escherichia coli infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathogenic Escherichia coli strains EPEC and EHEC (enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, respectively) can cause severe food poisoning in humans. The non-pathogenic strains are part of the gut normal flora with beneficial contributions for the host." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0001762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucagon-like peptide-2 biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in the intestinal L cell and discrete sets of neurons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001759 .
obo:PW_0001588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tRNA nuclear export pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway thereby processed, mature tRNA is exported to the cytoplasm. It is dependent upon export receptors and Ran GTPases of the small G protein of the Ras superfamily." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001160 .
obo:PW_0000729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "statin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of statin. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000724 .
obo:PW_0002272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eplerenone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eplerenone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002271 .
obo:PW_0000992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "E-cadherin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "E-cadherin or the epithelial cadherin encoded by the Cdh1 gene, is a member of the classical cadherin family and among the best studied cadherin pathway. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000988 .
obo:PW_0002412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered endosomal sorting pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the endosomal sorting pathway can dramatically impact on the proper delivery of cargo. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002399 , obo:PW_0002415 .
obo:PW_0000398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "homocysteine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is at the intersection of two pathways: the remethylation pathway that regenerates methionine and thus the methionine cycle and the transsulfuration pathway that gives rise to cysteine and derivatives. The Hcy pathway also engages choline, folate and vitamin metabolism and links to the metabolism of other amino acids and compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0002203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azathioprine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of azathioprine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is an immunosupressive drug that inhibits DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002201 .
obo:PW_0001594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "VLCAD deficiency is due to alterations in fatty acid beta oxidation pathway. It is an inherited metabolic disease due to mutations in the ACADVL gene. It appears in infancy or early childhood and is manifested as lack of energy and muscle weakness." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001593 , obo:PW_0001643 .
obo:PW_0000514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-6 family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The interleukin-6 family includes several members involved in a wide range of biological processes such as immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. All members share a common signal transducer, gp130, which activates Jak-Stat and Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 .
obo:PW_0000234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "innate immune response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The innate immune response - a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection - is a first line of response to various pathogens and also to damaged cells. It plays a role in stimulating adaptive immunity; molecules generated during innate responses act as second signals that can impact on both the magnitude and the nature of the adaptive response." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000023 .
obo:PW_0000402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered metabolic pathway of other amino acids" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic pathways of amino acids other than the common amino acids that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways of other amino acids, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000132 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0002733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "translation initiation complex formation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Joining of the large ribosomal subunit with the translation preinitiation complex, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3 or IF5B/eIF5B. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site." .
obo:PW_0001697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "digestive system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the digestive system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0001188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 4 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001186 .
obo:PW_0001917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naltrexone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naltrexone, an antagonist of opioid receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001916 .
obo:PW_0002475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "venlafaxine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of venlafaxiine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the reuptake of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002473 .
obo:PW_0001624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrogenous bisphosphonate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nitrogenous bisphosphonate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. They include alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate or risedronate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001621 .
obo:PW_0002561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cystathioninuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001840 .
obo:PW_0000776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketone bodies biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, also known as ketone bodies, although only acetoacetate is a ketone. Generally, the acetyl-CoA derived from fatty acid oxidation enters the citrate cycle. In the liver, a substantial fraction of acetyl-CoA is converted to ketone bodies which are then released into the bloodstream to supply peripheral tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000069 .
obo:PW_0000047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycine, serine and threonine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, serine and threonine and which are intimately connected with serine being synthesized from glycine and threonine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0001283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tyrosine. In mammals, it is derived from phenylalanine or from diet. In plants, it is produced as part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000052 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0000812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered small non-coding RNA pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A small non-coding RNA pathway that deviates from what its normal course should. For instance, alterations in miRNA pathway have been associated with many diseases including various types of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000290 , obo:PW_0000809 .
obo:PW_0000223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic pathway" .
obo:PW_0000196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "globoside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of globosides - glycosphingolipids containing acetylated amino sugars and simple hexoses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000733 .
obo:PW_0001743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tirofiban pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tirofiban, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001742 .
obo:PW_0002625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peroxiredoxin antioxidant pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002622 .
obo:PW_0001004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retinoic acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The reactions involved in deriving retinoic acid (RA) from retinal and its further processing to more polar derivatives. Retinoic acid engages several retinoic acid receptors; its actions are important for neurological and immune system functions and for energy balance. Deregulation of proper RA activity has been associated with obesity and cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001003 .
obo:PW_0002219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urea cycle disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Conditions resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway." .
obo:PW_0001243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostanoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of prostanoids, a class of eicosanoids that includes several families and which has important roles in the immune and vascular systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001239 , obo:PW_0001240 .
obo:PW_0002710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The nucleotide-excision repair pathway that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway. Pathway impairment is the underlying cause of a severe hereditary disorder, Cockayne syndrome, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypersensitivity to UV light." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000130 .
obo:PW_0000714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 1" ;
rdfs:comment "A vasopressin, receptor type 1 mediated signaling pathway, that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in this pathway might relate to septic shock." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000686 , obo:PW_0000712 .
obo:PW_0001708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enalapril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001707 .
obo:PW_0002433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in any of the mechanisms underlying the clathrin-dependent endocytosis of synaptic vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002428 , obo:PW_0002432 .
obo:PW_0001179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling, a member of the endocrine subfamily of fibroblast growth factor family plays important roles in phosphate homeostasis. It is also important in vitamin D metabolism. The pathway is also referred to as the FGF23-Klotho axis, Klotho representing the obligatory co-receptor family for this subfamily with low affinity for the FGF receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001175 .
obo:PW_0002132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "capecitabine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of capecitabine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002131 .
obo:PW_0000087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G1 phase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying the progression of the early cell cycle into the G phase and under the control of D-type cyclins together with Cdk4 and Cdk6. The formation of the pre-initiation replication complex takes place during this phase." .
obo:PW_0002722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein O-linked glycosylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the post-translational addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002715 .
obo:PW_0000864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrimidine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of pyrimidines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000032 .
obo:PW_0001444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ezetimibe pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ezetimibe, a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001443 .
obo:PW_0002164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moexipril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of moexipril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0002163 .
obo:PW_0002121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diuretic drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that increase water excretion and are used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and certain kidney disorders. They are further categorized by type. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0000116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbazole degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of carbazole - a crystalline, slightly basic cyclic compound found in anthracene. It reacts with carbohydrates and is used for assay and analysis of carbohydrates and in making dyes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0001682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vindesine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of vindesine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001676 .
obo:PW_0001751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of pyruvate metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of pyruvate metabolism. The pyruvate metabolic pathway is at the intersection of pathways important for glucose and energy homeostasis. Alterations involve several and important components." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0002384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dobutamine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of dobutamine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an agonist of beta 1 adrenergic receptor used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002382 .
obo:PW_0002513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of norepinephrine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000442 , obo:PW_0002510 .
obo:PW_0002225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arbekacin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of arbekacin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002224 .
obo:PW_0000013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Complex human diseases encompass a spectrum of genetic and environmental attributes that together affect the normal functioning of several molecular and cellular pathways. Their combined and accumulated effect is manifested in the anomalous phenotype of the complex condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000001 .
obo:PW_0002191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "buprenorphine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of buprenorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective, mixed agonist-antagonist opioid receptor modulator. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002189 .
obo:PW_0000675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucagon secretion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells; the mechanisms of its release in response to low glucose levels are poorly understood." .
obo:PW_0002208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the pathways of norepinephrine and epinephrine biosynthesis due to defects in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH). DBH catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, in turn the precursor to epinephrine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002207 .
obo:PW_0000526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kallikrein-kinin cascade pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) cascade generates several bioactive kinins with roles in vasodilation, release of inflammatory mediators and stimulation of sensory neurons. Kinins also play a role in the renal handling of sodium and water metabolism. In the latter case, the system parallels renin-angiotensin (RAS); the two systems can cross-talk." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000818 , obo:PW_0001536 , obo:PW_0001756 .
obo:PW_0000414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein degradation pathway via the 'core' 20S proteasome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The 'core' 20S proteasome degrades oxidized and/or unfolded proteins in an ATP and ubiquitin independent manner. The association with the 19S regulatory cap yields the 26S proteasome which has substrate selectivity and ATP and ubiquitin-dependent activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000325 .
obo:PW_0000924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "respiratory system drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the respiratory system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0000798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catecholamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Catecholamines act as hormones and neurotransmitters. The major catecholamines are dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. They are derived from tyrosine and are not to be confused with tyrosine-based hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000466 .
obo:PW_0002381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sialic acid storage disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Autosomal recessive neurodegenrative disorder resulting from alterations in lysosomal membrane transport due to defects in the SLC17A5 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002300 .
obo:PW_0001742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tirofiban drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tirofiban, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0002258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reteplase pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of reteplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Reteplase is one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Reteplase is used to treat heart attack. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002256 .
obo:PW_0000765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ifosfamide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of ifosfamide, a prodrug used against solid tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000764 .
obo:PW_0000707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myeloid leukemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Myeloid leukemia affects cells of the myeloid lineage and their precursors and in turn is subdivided by proliferation type." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000706 .
obo:PW_0001523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nicotine response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to nicotine, the alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. Nicotine can act as a stimulant and is an agonist of the ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, also known as nicotinic. Sustained exposure however has an inhibitory effect resulting in muscular paralysis, seizures, hypotension and respiratory failure. Some of the symptoms are reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning; organophosphates inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase leading to uncensored stimulation of both the nicotinic and the metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0000485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eicosanoid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are derived from omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acids and derivatives. Examples include the leukotriene and the prostanoid classes, the latter represented by several families. Eicosanoids play important roles in the immune and vascular systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0001740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "timolol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of timolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001739 .
obo:PW_0001087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoleucine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of isoleucine, an essential, branched-chain amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0002298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosphenytoin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of fosphenytoin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002296 .
obo:PW_0002449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydromorphone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of hydromorphone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a mu-receptor agonist whose major effects are on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002447 .
obo:PW_0000905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oncostatin M signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Oncostatin M, an interleukin-6 family member, has roles in bone formation and destruction, and has activities affecting inflammation, development and hematopoiesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000514 .
obo:PW_0001232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arylamine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001229 .
obo:PW_0000228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphai family" ;
rdfs:comment "Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpha/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001539 .
obo:PW_0002401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chaperone mediated autophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chaperone-mediated autophagy is a specific and selective pathway whereby chaperone complexes recognize substrates bearing a recognition sequence forming a chaperone/substrate complex recognized by translocators." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002402 .
obo:PW_0001968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketorolac pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ketorolac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001966 .
obo:PW_0000384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The G2/M checkpoint pathways assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA. Various DNA damage checkpoints lead to inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases that regulate the next cell cycle point." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000096 .
obo:PW_0002333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenytoin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fosphenytoin, an anti-seizure medication also used for certain heart arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002295 , obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0000941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 6 signaling is known to act in rodents and does not appear to have a human equivalent. Ccl6, together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0002073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondria transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mitochondria transport pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be. Impaired transport and other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002061 , obo:PW_0002062 .
obo:PW_0001599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acenocoumarol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001598 .
obo:PW_0002572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diphenoxylate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of diphenoxylate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Diphenoxylate is used for the treatment of diarrhea. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002570 .
obo:PW_0001055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hepatitis C pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The hepatitis C virus is the causative agent of hepatitis C, a chronic liver disease in humans. The virus interferes with several signaling and regulatory pathways in the host cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0001693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "S-adenosylmethionine homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that involve the balanced generation and utilization of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet or SAM). SAM is a universal methyl donor and at the cross roads of metabolism, gene expression regulation and cellular signaling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001691 .
obo:PW_0001337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chromatin modification/remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chromatin modification/remodeling plays a major role in the epigenetic control of gene expression. The dynamics of chromatin structure impacts on DNA replication, transcription and repair pathways. It includes the covalent modification of histones and DNA and the actions carried out by the ATP-dependent remodelers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000085 .
obo:PW_0000261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuronal secretory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The unique morphology of the neuron defies the classical organization of secretory pathways. The neuronal secretory pathway represents the intracellular trafficking route for proteins involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity and for lipids necessary for growth and remodeling of neurites. Neurons possess both somatic and dendritic Golgi compartments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001251 .
obo:PW_0000857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phase I biotransformation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The phase I biotransformation pathway involves the conversion of exogenous substances to more polar metabolites. Members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and to a lesser extent, flavin-containing monooxygenases mediate the reactions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 , obo:PW_0001229 .
obo:PW_0000032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrimidine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyrimidines. Cytosine, thymine and uracil - the nucleobases found in nucleic acids, are pyrimidine derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000012 .
obo:PW_0000373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutathione conjugation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The glutathione conjugation of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds represents a major pathway phase II biotransformation. The glutathione conjugates may either be excreted or undergo further processing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000378 , obo:PW_0000858 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-76046 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0001512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxaliplatin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of oxaliplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. While less potent than cisplatin - the most potent of the platinum containing drugs, oxaliplatin is also less toxic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001507 .
obo:PW_0001094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered estrogen signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Disregulated estrogen signaling is associated with the growth and development of breast cancers; estrogen mediated transcription is constitutively active in more than 50% of cases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000507 , obo:PW_0000719 , obo:PW_0000787 , obo:PW_0001314 .
obo:PW_0000191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "keratan sulfate biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of keratan sulfate - a glycosaminoglycan found in the cornea, in cartilage, and in the nucleus pulposus and also as the accumulation product in Morquio's syndrome. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to one of galactose, which is usually sulfated. There are two forms, keratan sulfate I and keratan sulfate II, which differ in carbohydrate content and localization; the former occurs in the cornea and the latter in skeletal tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002686 , obo:PW_0002689 .
obo:PW_0000630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "liver cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000625 .
obo:PW_0000547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "exosome mediated RNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The nuclear exosome pathway degrades erroneous mRNA as well as normal mRNA that has accumulated in the nucleus. The nucleolar exosome is involved in the processing of rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000546 , obo:PW_0001641 .
obo:PW_0000084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Duplicated glutathione metabolism term" ;
rdfs:comment "OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000134" .
obo:PW_0000389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered signaling pathway pertinent to the brain and nervous system" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 , obo:PW_0000264 .
obo:PW_0001015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin E metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin E - a fat-soluble vitamin which represents a class of chemical compounds known as tocopherols. The alpha- and gamma-tocopherols appear to be the main dietary forms. Vitamin E is best known for its antioxidant properties." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002665 .
obo:PW_0002124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorthalidone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of chlorthalidone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the sodium-chloride symporter and is used in the treatment of hypertension and as an adjuvant for treating edema. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002122 .
obo:PW_0000935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tumor necrosis factor member 13b signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The tumor necrosis factor member 13b known as Baff binds to three receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily - the receptor member 13B known as Taci and member 17 known as Bcma to which member 13 of the ligand superfamily also binds, and additionally to member 13C of the receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the B cells of the immune system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000236 .
obo:PW_0001369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "shikimate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The shikimate pathway is the metabolic route for the production of aromatic amino acids in plants. Seven reactions catalyzed by six enzymes result in the production of chorismate, the major branch point metabolite. Chorismate is the precursor for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001074 .
obo:PW_0002009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glyburide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of glyburide, a second generation sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug is also known as glibenclamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0001376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formaldehyde assimilation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Methane oxidation by methanotrophs produces formaldehyde which is assimilated to form metabolites subsequently used for the biosynthesis of multi-carbon compounds. Two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation are known. Both pathways are cyclic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000068 .
obo:PW_0000846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate signaling pathway via AMPA receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic AMPA receptor plays important roles in long-term potentiation (LTP). The AMPA receptors are both receptors and cation channels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000844 .
obo:PW_0001346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cholesterol transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways involved in the absorption and efflux of cholesterol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0001957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial DNA replication pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Human mtDNA is a small, circular molecule that resides in the matrix and, depending on cell type, can exist as a few to several thousands copies. mtDNA has its own replicative machinery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001954 .
obo:PW_0001370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chorismate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chorismate, the major branch point metabolite of the shikimate pathway, is the precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine in plants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001369 .
obo:PW_0001272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA polymerase transcription pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of DNA transcription carried out by the prokaryotic and the several eukaryotic polymerases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000100 .
obo:PW_0002028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoxetine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fluoxetine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002115 .
obo:PW_0000754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics pathway elicited by the administration of specific drugs. The systems involved in drug processing and responses are also those handling exogenous, xenobiotic compounds in the cellular detoxification pathway. The distinction between a random encounter with a foreign compound and the processing of a substance administered for treatment along with the importance of genetic variation for the individual responses to particular drugs warrant their separate consideration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000001 .
obo:PW_0002266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "teniposide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of teniposide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002265 .
obo:PW_0000853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "histamine signaling pathway, neuronal" ;
rdfs:comment "Histamine signaling is important for the central and to some extent the peripheral nervous systems and is also involved in the immune responses. Histamine signaling engages four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In the brain, it involves receptors H1 and H3 that couple to Galphaq and Galphai, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000274 , obo:PW_0002120 .
obo:PW_0000686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vasopressin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A vasopressin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered vasopressin signaling manifests clinically as problems associated with water and sodium balance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000491 , obo:PW_0000511 , obo:PW_0001538 .
obo:PW_0001977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Hartnup disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder caused by alterations in the transport of neutral amino acids in the intestine and proximal renal tubules. The condition is associated with psychosis and mental retardation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 , obo:PW_0001646 , obo:PW_0001976 .
obo:PW_0000946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 13 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 2 and 3 (Ccr2 and Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "everolimus pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001126 .
obo:PW_0002099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of fructose metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of fructose metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0001715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinapril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of quinapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001713 .
obo:PW_0002686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000157 .
obo:PW_0000929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anakinra drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Anakinra is a recombinant, non-glycosylated version of the human interleukin-1 (Il-1) receptor antagonist used for the treatment of inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Like the natural antagonist, anakinra competitively inhibits binding of interleukin-1 to its receptor and the subsequent effects of this potent pro-inflammatory cytokine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0001398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpene and terpenoid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001397 .
obo:PW_0002482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloroprocaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chloroprocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0002467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Glut1 deficiency syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A hereditary, usually autosomal dominant condition, resulting from alterations in glucose transport, affecting the nervous system and exhibiting a wide phenotypic variability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0001433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gentamicin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The drug can cause inner ear and kidney problems. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0000872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erlotinib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of erlotinib. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered sex steroids signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000567 , obo:PW_0000786 .
obo:PW_0001898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimodipine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nimodipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001895 .
obo:PW_0002594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dabigatran pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002593 .
obo:PW_0001358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A. The five-step reaction pathway requires pantothenate (vitamin B5) and cysteine as precursors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001357 .
obo:PW_0001167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "parathyroid hormone-like hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHLH) signaling exerts pleiotropic roles, unlike the related parathyroid hormone whose specific role is in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Initially identified as a molecule produced by certain cancers, it is now known that it is important for normal physiological functions, mostly related to development and organogenesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001180 .
obo:PW_0000058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fatty acids - any long-chain monobasic organic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0000537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "regulated protein secretory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the regulated secretory pathway, secreted proteins are sorted into secretory vesicles which are stored intracellularly and move to the final destination upon receiving a signal. It is a salient feature of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000636 .
obo:PW_0001471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fabry disease pathway, cerebrovascular" ;
rdfs:comment "An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder affecting the cerebrovascular system. It is caused by alterations in sphingolipid metabolic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000344 , obo:PW_0002103 .
obo:PW_0001173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The fibroblast growth factors (FGF) also known as FGF homologous factors belong to the phylogenetic subfamily FGF11/12/13/14. They signal intracellularly and independent of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). The pathway plays important neuromodulatory roles. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000328 .
obo:PW_0002607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 1" ;
rdfs:comment "Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1/F2R) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR1 signaling plays many roles in the immune, cardiovascular and nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002606 .
obo:PW_0000835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anti-estrogen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Breast cancer is a major cause of death among Western women and many breast tumors are estrogen-dependent. Pharmacologically two major therapies have been developed: one targets the estrogen receptors via antagonists and selective modulators (SERM) and the second targets estrogen synthesis via aromatase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tamoxifen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tamoxifen - one of the most widely used anti-estrogen drug that targets the estrogen receptor. The drug is a modulator than acts as an antagonist in breast cancer cells but can be an agonist in bone and the cardiovascular system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000835 .
obo:PW_0002527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethylmorphine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ethylmorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002525 .
obo:PW_0002493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenindione pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of phenindione. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002492 .
obo:PW_0001506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Usher syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Usher syndrome is characterized by both vision and hearing loss. One sixth of patients with retinitis pigmentosa also have Usher syndrome. Clinically, there are three types of Usher syndromes that vary in terms of severity and onset. The genes involved are located in inner ear hair cells and the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. Their associations with auditory mechanotransduction are better known but their roles in visual phototransduction and altered pathways are still to be delineated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001496 .
obo:PW_0001202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "genito-urinary system and sex hormones drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of genito-urinary system conditions or as sex hormones derivatives and analogs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0002618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in platelet-derived growth factor signaling are implicated in cancer development." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000297 , obo:PW_0000298 , obo:PW_0000673 .
obo:PW_0002355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "artemether drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of artemether, an antimalarial agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002354 .
obo:PW_0001630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysosomal storage disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Lysosomal storage disease represents a group of rare genetic conditions resulting from deficiencies in particular lysosomal enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0000883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-1 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-1 signaling, primarily via interleukin-1beta, plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Binding of the processed cytokine to its receptor allows for the recruitment of several accessory and adaptor proteins leading to the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling cascades. A natural receptor antagonist and a decoy receptor act as regulators of interleukin-1alpha and beta." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000882 , obo:PW_0000926 .
obo:PW_0000288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered intrinsic apoptotic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An intrinsic apoptotic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant intrinsic apoptotic pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000104 , obo:PW_0000287 .
obo:PW_0001928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metoprolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metoprolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 .
obo:PW_0001076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "special amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving special amino acids. The special amino acids include cysteine whose side chain contains a sulfhydryl group, glycine whose side chain is a hydrogen atom and proline whose side chain bends to form a ring and hose rigidity limits the folding abilities of proteins around proline residues." .
obo:PW_0002146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "direct thrombin inhibitor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by directly inhibiting thrombin. Thrombin is a serine protease involved in coagulation-related reactions. The drugs are further classified depending on how they interact with thrombin. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002151 .
obo:PW_0000358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those homeostatic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant homeostatic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000263 , obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0001411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered histone modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A histone modification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of several types of histone modification have been implicated in various forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001338 , obo:PW_0001404 .
obo:PW_0000868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "purine salvage pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The salvage pathway of purine biosynthesis allows for the synthesis of purines from intermediates derived from DNA and RNA degradation pathways. This is important because some tissues are unable to synthesize purines de novo." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000865 .
obo:PW_0002636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster protein assembly pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster protein assembly pathway is dependent upon the core mitochondrial assembly and export pathways. The pathway is structurally distinct from the mitochondrial system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002634 .
obo:PW_0001530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostaglandin D2 signaling exerts important functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that among others, include the regulation of sleep and the perception of pain. The two D2 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001297 .
obo:PW_0001539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heterotrimeric G protein mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The heterotrimer G proteins are transducers of G proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many types of signals are received by the members of the large GPCR superfamily which then activate distinct G-proteins that route the signal to many and distinct intracellular signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000125 .
obo:PW_0001347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cholesterol transport pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000545 , obo:PW_0001346 .
obo:PW_0000073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of lysine. In mammals, lysine is metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A derivative of lysine, allysine, is used in the production of elastin and collagen." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001077 .
obo:PW_0001034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alcoholism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The mechanisms of alcohol dependence, or alcoholism, are not well understood. Like in the case of other substances of abuse, alcohol may lead to stimulation of dopamine release and overactivation of dopamine-related circuitries." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001029 .
obo:PW_0001387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway VI" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VI, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VII and VIII." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001385 .
obo:PW_0000105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rho/Rac/Cdc42 mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Members of the Ras related Rho family of proteins control diverse processes such as actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, morphogenesis of dendritic spines, gene expression. Of note is the fact that cytoskeletal rearrangements, primarily actin remodeling have a role to play in vesicular trafficking, a process regulated by Rab proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000006 .
obo:PW_0001678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinblastine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of vinblastine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001673 .
obo:PW_0000569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cortisol signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is the most important glucocorticoid. Cortisol signaling, via binding to the glucocorticoid receptor present in almost every animal cell, is essential for many cellular and physiological functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0000782 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methadone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of methadone, an acyclic analog of morphine and heroin acting on the same opioid receptors and used in the management of severe, chronic pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostaglandin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostaglandins are one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Of the several prostaglandins, prostaglandin E2 signaling via four distinct receptors mediates a broad range of physiological effects. Others include prostaglandin D2 with various central nervous system (CNS) activities and prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin with important vascular functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001296 .
obo:PW_0002426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered regulatory pathway pertinent to the brain" ;
rdfs:comment "Any alteration in the proceedings regulatory pathways important for brain function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000263 , obo:PW_0001251 .
obo:PW_0000122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Hedgehog signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) plays important roles in vertebrate embryogenesis, particularly in the differentiation of the neural tube, in vasculogenesis and in angiogenesis. Post-embryonically it is believed to play a homeostatic role in the maintenance of stem cells. Alteration of the pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000650 .
obo:PW_0001234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biogenic amine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of biogenic amines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000211 .
obo:PW_0000736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol, the common form of fatty acid transport and storage. Most triacylglycerols are synthesized in the liver and stored in the adipose tissue." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000153 .
obo:PW_0000504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lectin complement pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The lectin pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by microbial polysaccharides binding to circulating lectins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000502 .
obo:PW_0000782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucocorticoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucocorticoids, C21-steroid hormones, initiate signaling by binding to their specific nuclear receptor to regulate metabolism, development and immune response. The major glucocorticoid is cortisol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000566 .
obo:PW_0001308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "respiratory system disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Wnt signaling, canonical pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in many developmental processes. In the conventional or canonical Wnt pathway, beta-catenin is a central component required for the transcriptional control of Wnt signaling target genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000008 .
obo:PW_0000474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "coagulation cascade pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The coagulation cascade is the series of events proceeding via the tissue factor (extrinsic) or the contact activation (intrinsic) pathway and converging in the formation of fibrin clots. Several anticoagulation systems are in place to modulate the pathway. The coagulation cascade and the complement pathway of immune responses are connected in a cross talk." .
obo:PW_0001257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amino acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 .
obo:PW_0000664 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dicoumarol pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dicoumarol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002495 .
obo:PW_0002293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carnitine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions resulting in the breakdown of carnitine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002291 .
obo:PW_0000916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-27 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-27, an interleukin-12 family member, it induces various T cell populations to differentiate and stimulates them to produce interleukin-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000913 .
obo:PW_0001851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinidine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of quinidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Its primary action is blocking the fast inward sodium current. However, it can impact on other currents and channels, such as the slow inward calcium, the rapid and slow components of the delayed potassium, and the inward potassium rectifier currents, and the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001849 .
obo:PW_0001409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CHD family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The CHD (chromodomain, helicase, DNA binding) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Xenopus laevis. Some CHD remodelers are involved in sliding and ejection of nucleosome to promote transcription while others may have repressive roles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001339 .
obo:PW_0002247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ropivacaine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ropivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002243 .
obo:PW_0002107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclophosphamide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent used in the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyglutamine repeat pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Inherited neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in several, unrelated proteins. The diseases are manifested as distinct neuropathies and multiple pathways are perturbed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000014 .
obo:PW_0002186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorothiazide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chlorothiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0001045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacteria of which there are many species, usually colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms and are mostly harmless. However, they can also cause a range of infections of which some can be extremely severe." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0002517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thyroid-stimulating hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and then triiodothyronine (T3). T3 is the active thyroid hormone that stimulates cellular metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0001773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tenofovir pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of tenofovir-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tenofovir is a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001771 .
obo:PW_0002322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trichlormethiazide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of trichlormethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is thought to block reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002320 .
obo:PW_0000018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Parkinson's disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "One of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies in surrounding neurons. Several pathways are thought to be deregulated; for instance, imbalance of iron homeostasis is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000014 .
obo:PW_0001465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clopidogrel drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of clopidogrel, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0001891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of streptomycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001803 .
obo:PW_0000725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "potassium channel inhibitors pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of anti-diabetic drugs-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. Repaglinide, nateglinide and sulfonylurea are used as inhibitors of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel they stimulate insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000723 .
obo:PW_0000021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypertension pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Hypertension, high arterial blood pressure: various criteria for its threshold have been suggested, ranging from 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic to as high as 200 mm Hg systolic and 110 mm Hg diastolic. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic h.) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary h.)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000020 .
obo:PW_0001138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ether lipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involving ether lipids, lipid molecules in which one or several of the carbons on glycerol has an ether linkage to an alkyl chain. Ether lipids are constituents of cell membrane; some metabolites could act as signaling second messengers or carry out antioxidant functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0000594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glucose homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of glucose levels, transport and processing as demanded by the needs of the cells, tissues and organs assure the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Disruption in these pathways alter glucose homeostasis and underlie many complex disorders - type 2 diabetes and its associated complications is one example." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000358 , obo:PW_0000553 .
obo:PW_0001790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triamterene drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of triamterene, a sodium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0001400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpenoid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of terpenoids, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001398 .
obo:PW_0001268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoleucine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of isoleucine, an essential amino acid for humans. Its synthesis in plants and microorganisms proceeds via several steps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001087 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0002669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "selenocysteine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000133 .
obo:PW_0001963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lansoprazole drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000918 .
obo:PW_0002471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hypermethioninemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition resulting from alterations in the methionine cycle/metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycerolipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerolipids, which are composed of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glycerols. Triacylglycerol, or triglyceride, is the best known example." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000010 .
obo:PW_0002340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "muscular disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those conditions, acquired, familial or congenital, affecting the skeletal muscle and/or smooth muscle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001593 .
obo:PW_0001620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisphosphonate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bisphoshonate drugs that help prevent the loss of bone mass and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The two classes - non-nitrogenous and nitrogen-containing drugs, employ different mechanisms to affect osteoclast activity. Bisphosphonates are preferentially taken up by osteoclast cells. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "constitutive protein secretory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "In the constitutive secretory pathway, common to all cell types, newly synthesized proteins are sorted into transport vesicles and targeted to their destination in the absence of a signal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000636 .
obo:PW_0000772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glucocorticoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glucocorticoids, a group of C21 steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex and so named because of their effects on glucose metabolism. They also play a role in developmental processes and the immune system. The group is best exemplified by cortisol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000070 .
obo:PW_0000000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "term zero" .
obo:PW_0001590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xanthinuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. There are two types of disorders with similar clinical manifestations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0000681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FasL mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fas ligand binding to its receptor triggers a conformational change that allows the receptor to assemble a signaling complex known as DISC, followed by recruitment of pro-caspase-8 and activation of caspase-3 and -7. It is believed that Fas-mediated signaling to elicit apoptosis follows two routes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000106 , obo:PW_0000236 .
obo:PW_0001913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naproxen drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001202 , obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0001231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACE inhibitor pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ACE inhibitor-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drugs are used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001228 .
obo:PW_0001008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "photosignal transduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into molecular signals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin A and metabolites signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001012 .
obo:PW_0000503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "classical complement pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The classical complement pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by antigen-bound antibodies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000502 .
obo:PW_0002540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxybuprocaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxybuprocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002539 .
obo:PW_0001184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered phosphate homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001182 .
obo:PW_0001048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trypanosomiasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Trypanosoma is a protozoan parasite of which T brucei and cruzi are responsible for causing the sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively. Several host signaling and regulatory pathways are altered in the infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0000741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered ganglioside metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A ganglioside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM2. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000164 , obo:PW_0000742 .
obo:PW_0001786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tranexamic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in fibrinolysis and as such, effective in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders It is also used in surgery to prevent excessive bleeding. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001652 .
obo:PW_0001325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis pathway" .
obo:PW_0000860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfonation conjugation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The sulfonation of phase I products by members of the sulfotransferase family represents a major route of phase II biotransformation, second to the glucuronidation pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000858 .
obo:PW_0000820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway in the adaptive immune response" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000818 .
obo:PW_0000199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "the Wnt/calcium signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Wnt mediated pathway that is involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and motility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000597 .
obo:PW_0000718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "p53 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "p53 transcription factor is a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in cancer. p53 is at the hub of many signaling and regulatory pathways. In response to various stresses, it promotes apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and other defense pathways via transcription dependent as well as independent routes. A key regulator of p53 is Mdm2. Mdm2 is a transcriptional target of p53 thus providing a negative feedback loop." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000237 , obo:PW_0000303 , obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0000631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "head and neck cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the upper aerodigestive system. Deregulated pathways, such as TGF-B, PI3K-Akt or epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, have been implicated in the of head and neck cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-1362409 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0001827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spirapril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of spirapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001825 .
obo:PW_0001271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leucine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of leucine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001088 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0002388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fructosuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism and associated with defects in the ketohexokinase (KHK) gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002099 .
obo:PW_0000601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered p38 MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000198 , obo:PW_0000422 .
obo:PW_0000901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered interleukin mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An interleukin mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant interleukin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000512 , obo:PW_0000617 .
obo:PW_0000701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thoracic cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the heart, respiratory tract and thymus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0000930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methotrexate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate (MTX), a polyglutamatable antifolate used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The impact of MTX on cancer and rheumatoid arthritis is thought to arise through distinct mechanisms and pharmacodynamics pathways. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 , obo:PW_0002369 .
obo:PW_0001735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor antagonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses and they are either selective or non-selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0000378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxidative stress response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxidative stress occurs when the redox balance between pro- and anti-oxidants is upset due to an increase in endogenous or exogenous pro-oxidant stimuli. The response triggers the upregulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems. Oxidants can also act as second messengers to trigger a variety of cellular signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000237 .
obo:PW_0001195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosine-specific protein kinase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The non-receptor tyrosine-specific kinases are represented by members of Src, Jak, Syk and other families. Some, such as Jak, function as initiators of intracellular pathways, others are components of several pathways. Tyrosine-specific kinases are also represented by receptor tyrosine kinases activated by growth factors and hormones. These kinases are components of the pathways the specific growth factors and hormones initiate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001193 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-69613 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "estradiol biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of estradiol, the major C18 steroid hormone. The term generally refers to the 17 beta isomer, the most potent form of estrogen." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000780 .
obo:PW_0001142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway involves clathrin-coated vesicles used for the engulfment of material." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000281 .
obo:PW_0002261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nadolol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nadolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002259 .
obo:PW_0002529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magnesium salicylate pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002528 .
obo:PW_0002560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heroin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of heroin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Heroin is an opioid painkiller and a narcotic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002558 .
obo:PW_0001228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACE inhibitor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that target the angiotensin converting enzyme ACE. In the renin-angiotensin cascade, several bioactive peptides are derived from the precursor angiotensinogen. ACE converts angiotensin I to the potent angiotensin II. The various ACE inhibitors are grouped based on their molecular structure, the dicarboxylate-containing agents represent the largest group. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0001452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valproic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of valproic acid, a drug used as a mood-stabilizing and for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001451 .
obo:PW_0000692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in the pathway can manifest in insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000639 , obo:PW_0000690 .
obo:PW_0002024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosinopril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of fosinopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0002022 .
obo:PW_0002077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diltiazem pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002076 .
obo:PW_0002664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "deubiquitination pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway of protein modification via removal of conjugated ubiquitin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000433 .
obo:PW_0000985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0001865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piroxicam drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and to relieve pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0000293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered pathway pertinent to protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways of protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant protein pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000181 , obo:PW_0000263 .
obo:PW_0000259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clavulanic acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced by a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces (S. clavuligerus) that is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and is usually used in the form of its clavulanate salt of potassium especially in combination with amoxicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0000224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid dissimilation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions leading to the decomposition of N-acetylglucosamine - an acetylated amino sugar that is an important moiety of glycoproteins, N-acetylmannosamine - the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid - the most common form of sialic acid in mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000152 .
obo:PW_0000195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide occurring in sulfated form in various animal tissues (such as cartilage)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002686 , obo:PW_0002696 .
obo:PW_0002405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "microautophagy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A form of autophagy whereby the cytoplasmic material is directly engulfed in the lysosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002402 .
obo:PW_0001276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), downstream of kynurenine metabolism of tryptophan degradation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000219 .
obo:PW_0001924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nabumetone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nabumetone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nabumetone is an inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001922 .
obo:PW_0001083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "asparagine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of asparagine, a non-essential amino acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001075 .
obo:PW_0000461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclooxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism" ;
rdfs:comment "The cyclooxygenase pathway is one of the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000460 .
obo:PW_0002377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydroflumethiazide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydroflumethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0000559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hexosamine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The formation of nucleotide hexosamines, primarily UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, constitutes the final step in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway which provides substrates for the O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Glycoproteins that are either secreted from the cell or inserted into the plasma membrane undergo N-linked glycosylation. The O-linked glycosylation of nuclear and/or cytosolic proteins confers a signaling dimension to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000558 , obo:PW_0000570 .
obo:PW_0001448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lomitapide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of lomitapide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transport protein and used to lower cholesterol levels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001446 .
obo:PW_0001051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "malaria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Several species of the protozoan parasite Plasmodium can infect humans and cause malaria. Severe malaria, which is primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum, can lead to death and the fatalities are mostly children. Deregulated induction of cytokines appears to play a role in the infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001028 .
obo:PW_0001701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "skin and connective tissue disease pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0001101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "viral carcinogenesis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A number of human viruses have been shown to be associated/contribute to approximately 10 to 15% of cancers. The viral particles encode oncogenes whose escape from the host defense system impacts on many cellular pathways and promotes tumor development." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0000585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway via orexin/hypocretin receptor 1" ;
rdfs:comment "Orexin/hypocretin signaling through receptor 1 couples to Galphaq class of G proteins. Orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 primarily binds orexin A. Orexin A and B are derived from prepro-orexin precursor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000583 .
obo:PW_0000968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-3 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-3 signaling plays important roles in the function of hematopoietic cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000967 .
obo:PW_0001566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxorubicin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of doxorubicin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Doxorubicin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of many cancers. Its use is restricted by the serious cardiotoxic effects it exerts. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001455 .
obo:PW_0002516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tiaprofenic acid pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002514 .
obo:PW_0001365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "toxic secondary metabolite metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Toxic secondary metabolites, also known as mycotoxins, are natural toxins produced by organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom. They can contaminate crops and if ingested, they can cause sickness or death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0002597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apixaban drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of apixaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002596 .
obo:PW_0000419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "water transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways by which water flows into and out of the cell and into and out of sub-cellular compartments for multi-cellular organisms, mediated by members of the aquaporin family of water channels (WCP). The 13 members identified in mammals are grouped into three subfamilies: aquaporins, selective for water; aquaglyceroporins, permeable to both water and small molecules; superaquaporins, the sub-cellular aquaporins. WCPs belong to the superfamily of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000103 .
obo:PW_0000387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Arf family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Arf family mediated signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking. In particular they appear to control early events such as vesicle budding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000006 .
obo:PW_0002038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "famotidine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of famotidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002037 .
obo:PW_0001887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentazocine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of pentazocine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to more severe pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001885 .
obo:PW_0001437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "titanium dioxide nanoparticle response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2). Nano-TiO2 has a broad range of applications but studies indicate that under conditions of long and high dose exposure, it can exert cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Nano-TiO2 has been shown to induce inflammation, oxidative stress and MAP kinase activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001435 .
obo:PW_0001395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenes, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001394 .
obo:PW_0000921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alimentary tract and metabolism drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of alimentary tract and metabolism-related conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0000527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "angiotensin II signaling pathway via AT1 receptor" ;
rdfs:comment "Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1) activates downstream signaling pathways and elicits a broad range of physiological responses. It is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and volume, water and electrolyte balance and exerts a potent vasoconstrictive effect." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000244 .
obo:PW_0001556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered non-homologous end joining pathway of double-strand break repair" ;
rdfs:comment "Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation. Mutations in several components of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway have been implicated in several conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000203 , obo:PW_0000667 .
obo:PW_0000408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylcholine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of acetylcholine - an ester of choline and acetic acid that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000212 , obo:PW_0000436 .
obo:PW_0002385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clomipramine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of clomipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, major depressive disorder. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002113 .
obo:PW_0002505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenoleukodystrophy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An X-linked disorder resulting from disturbances in the metabolism of very long chain fatty acids due to defects in the ABCD1 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001646 , obo:PW_0001878 , obo:PW_0002504 .
obo:PW_0000158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ras family mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The Ras family mediated signaling pathways are primarily involved in the regulation of gene expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000006 .
obo:PW_0002674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic anaphase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying mitotic anaphase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle at the opposite sides of the cell. The movement of the chromosomes is facilitated by a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubules." .
obo:PW_0000324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Notch signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Notch signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000204 , obo:PW_0000336 , obo:PW_0000669 , obo:PW_0000673 .
obo:PW_0001287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid for humans. In plants, the synthesis of aromatic amino acids is part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000053 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0001098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tramadol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tramadol, an analgesic used for the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CXC chemokine ELR(+) subgroup mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The CXC chemokine ELR(+) subgroup mediated signaling primarily engages receptor 2 to promote angiogenic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000830 .
obo:PW_0002391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "felbamate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of felbamate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is used for the treatment of severe epilepsy due to its adverse effects, particularly hepatic failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002389 .
obo:PW_0002095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GABA aminotransferase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A condition caused by alterations in gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism due to defects in the 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0001072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "synaptic vesicle cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The cycle of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter release and the subsequent endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals." .
obo:PW_0001392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cellulose biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cellulose, an important structural component of cell walls of green plants, many forms of algae and some fungus-like microorganisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001391 .
obo:PW_0001759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "preproglucagon processing pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The preproglucagon processing pathway gives rise to several peptide hormones in a tissue and cell specific manner. A subset, including glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide-2, and oxyntomodulin, are better characterized. The function of other preproglucagon derived peptides, remains to be established." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001757 .
obo:PW_0001726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trandolapril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trandolapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001725 .
obo:PW_0000357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "energy homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the balance between energy uptake and energy expenditure. Disturbance of this equilibrium has been linked to various conditions including obesity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000355 .
obo:PW_0001291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lycopene biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of lycopene, a carotene and phytochemical found in red fruits and vegetables. Plants and bacteria have the ability to synthesize lycopene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001290 , obo:PW_0001292 .
obo:PW_0001123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "axitinib drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of axitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial or platelet derived growth factors are direct and indirect targets of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 11 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000972 .
obo:PW_0000436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amine neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The prominent examples of biogenic amines are histamine, serotonin, the catecholamine and the choline derived acetylcholine, all acting as neurotransmitters involved in a wide range of processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000407 .
obo:PW_0002282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naloxone drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naloxone, a medication used to reverse the effects opioids overdose. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002281 .
obo:PW_0001254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amino acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of amino acids, the building blocks for proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000011 .
obo:PW_0000963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class I signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000595 .
obo:PW_0001354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered chloride ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloride ion transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant chloride ion transport have been implicated in diseases. For instance, mutations in the ABC type transporter that functions as both a chloride channel and as a regulator of other transport pathways, have been implicated in two genetic disorders of which one is cystic fibrosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001350 , obo:PW_0001351 .
obo:PW_0001037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myocarditis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Myocarditis is a condition associated with inflammation of the heart muscle that can have both infectious and non-infectious etiologies, with the former being the primary cause. Viral proteins, once inside the host cells, interfere with the function of host gene and they can either avoid or appropriate host pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000022 .
obo:PW_0000731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "warfarin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of warfarin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000722 .
obo:PW_0000190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrin - any of a group of compounds containing the porphyrin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration, to which a variety of side chains may be attached - and chlorophyll - any of a group of green magnesium-containing porphyrin derivatives occurring in all photosynthetic organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0000910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-15 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-15, an interleukin-2 family member, induces natural killer cell proliferation and plays roles in adaptive and innate immunity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000906 .
obo:PW_0000363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leptin system pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Leptin acts on two populations of hypothalamic neurons that express orexigenic (feeding inducing) and anorexigenic genes, respectively. Leptin reduces the expression of genes from the former and enhances the expression of genes from the latter neurons. The leptin mediated response acts primarily via Jak-dependent activation of STAT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0002063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disulfiram drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of disulfiram, a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also cocaine dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000923 .
obo:PW_0002727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitotic telophase pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of events underlying mitotic telophase, which follows anaphase, during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts." .
obo:PW_0002463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamazepine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of carbamazepine, a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002295 .
obo:PW_0000508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "platelet aggregation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway involving the attachment of platelets to one another and leading to the formation of a thrombus. Platelet attachment can be induced by a variety of agents." .
obo:PW_0000952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine ligand 14 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 5 (Ccr1 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000831 .
obo:PW_0001952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mefenamic acid pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mefenamic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001951 .
obo:PW_0002055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eptifibatide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eptifibatide, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0002486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prednisolone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002485 .
obo:PW_0001314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered transcription pathway via transcription factor mediated signaling" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000807 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0001902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nisoldipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nisoldipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001896 .
obo:PW_0001061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "secondary bile acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids, are synthesized from the primary ones by intestinal bacteria. like the primary bile acids, they need to be conjugated to glycine or taurine prior to secretion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000039 .
obo:PW_0001896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nisoldipine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001894 .
obo:PW_0000064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propanoate metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of propanoate - any salt or ester of propanoic or propionic acid. Several propanoates are used in the food industry." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0000346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CADASIL pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "CADASIL - cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy - a disease of the small cerebral arteries characterized by subcortical stroke and vascular dementia. It is associated with mutations in the Notch3 gene. More than fifty mutations are clustered within the first EGF repeats and involve the gain or loss of a cysteine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000345 .
obo:PW_0000770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C19-steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C19-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, a C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting material for the C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C19 class is represented by androgens such as testosterone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000040 .
obo:PW_0001381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway II" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the glutamate degradation pathway II found in certain bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001263 .
obo:PW_0001206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eprotirome drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Eprotirome is a thyromimetics that in addition for being selective for the beta tyrosine receptor is also highly liver-selective with minimal uptake in non-hepatic tissues. In overweight and hypercholesterolemic patients, its administration lead to lowering of total and LDL-cholesterol while stimulating bile acid biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001204 .
obo:PW_0001999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mitochondria fusion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The events leading to fusion of mitochondria." .
obo:PW_0000231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rap1 pathways" ;
rdfs:comment "A very close relative of Ras, Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin linked cell adhesion, morphogenesis." .
obo:PW_0001534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostacyclin biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of prostacyclin, also known as prostaglandin I2. Prostacyclin and thromboxane play essential roles in cardiovascular system homeostasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001241 , obo:PW_0001243 .
obo:PW_0000783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mineralocorticoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Mineralocorticoids, C21 steroid hormones, initiate signaling by binding to their cognate receptor to regulate water and mineral levels. The main endogenous mineralocorticoid is aldosterone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000566 .
obo:PW_0000352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players" ;
rdfs:comment "An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes that process VEGF, such as the plasmin and furin-like proteases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000350 .
obo:PW_0002452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrocodone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of hydrocodone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It primarily acts on the mu-opioid receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002450 .
obo:PW_0000024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inflammatory response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Inflammation is the cellular response of the innate immune system to infection or injury. Sensing of infection by pattern recognition receptors triggers signaling cascades leading to the expression of mediator genes such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines." .
obo:PW_0000889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interleukin-24 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0002602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edoxaban pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of edoxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002598 .
obo:PW_0001993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type Ib pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "One of the two forms of the type I glycogen storage disease pathway involving glucose-6-phosphate, here due to mutations affecting the glucose-6-phosphate transporter. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in particular organs and tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0002497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dicoumarol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of dicoumarol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002495 .
obo:PW_0002738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleosome assembly pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The events involved in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA." .
obo:PW_0001462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "losartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Losartan is one of several angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists and the first used on the market. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0002189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "buprenorphine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of buprenorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid and a mixed partial agonist opioid receptor modulator used to treat opioid addiction and to control moderate to acute pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0000824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell-mediated immunity pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Cell-mediated immune response pathways are carried out by T cell lymphocytes. T cells receptors recognize peptides bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the antigen presenting cell. Depending on whether the co-receptor is CD4 or CD8, the receptors will interact with MHC class II or class I to elicit distinct responses against intracellular pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000235 .
obo:PW_0000515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Interleukin-10 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interleukin-10 signaling is involved in various immunomodulatory functions. It promotes the release of immune mediators and antigen presentation, exerting important anti-inflammatory effects that may primarily characterize this family member. Signaling by Il-10 and the other members of the family activate the intracellular Jak-Stat cascade." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000513 .
obo:PW_0000957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 and promotes chemotaxis of neutrophils." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0000612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "colorectal cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Colorectal cancer are malignant tumors of the colon and rectum. Both risk factors usually relating to life style such as physical exercise or use of tobacco and genetics contribute to the development of the condition. Mutations in the components of canonical Wnt and Smad-dependent TGF-beta signaling and of DNA mismatch repair pathways have been associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000627 .
obo:PW_0000425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diabetic retinopathy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "High glucose-mediated oxidative stress effects on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor, triggering of polyol metabolic pathway and activation of protein kinase c (PKC) signaling are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001496 , obo:PW_0001549 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-73980 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0000617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cytokine mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cytokine mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant cytokine signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000264 , obo:PW_0000828 .
obo:PW_0002366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intestinal disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Conditions affecting any segment of the intestine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002233 .
obo:PW_0000642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Fatty acid degradation occurs primarily via beta oxidation in the mitochondrion. It also occurs via alpha degradation in peroxisomes and omega degradation which is an alternative pathway. Other pathways include the degradation of branched-chain, unsaturated and odd-chain fatty acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000058 .
obo:PW_0000730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "warfarin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of warfarin. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000722 .
obo:PW_0000878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphatidylcholine is the predominant phospholipid of eukaryotic membranes. Of the three known biosynthetic pathways, two are found in eukaryotes and one, the CDP-choline pathway, is the best characterized." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001307 .
obo:PW_0002052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythromycin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of erythromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000996 .
obo:PW_0000188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series or metabolic reactions involved in the interconversions of the monosaccharide pentose and glucuronate, the salts or esters of glucuronic acid, as depicted in the KEGG diagram." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aprotinin pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of aprotinin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002221 .
obo:PW_0000623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hgf signaling via Met receptor has been implicated in numerous forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000298 , obo:PW_0000578 .
obo:PW_0001210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plevitrexed drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of plevitrexed, a non-polyglutamatable antifolate quinazoline derivative and thymidylate synthase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0002303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "indometacin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 , obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0001805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenylketonuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolism, mostly due to deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. The enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0001674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vinorelbine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vinorelbine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001672 .
obo:PW_0001313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transcription pathway via transcription factor mediated signaling" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000100 .
obo:PW_0002277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alkaptonuria pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metabolic pathway of secondary metabolites" ;
rdfs:comment "Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of secondary metabolites - products of cellular metabolism that are not essential for, or not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of an organism. Many of the chemicals that plants or microorganisms produce are secondary metabolites." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0002110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cimetidine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cimetidine - a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000921 .
obo:PW_0000548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The nonsense-mediated decay pathway (NMD) degrades mRNA that contains a premature translation termination codon (PTC) and is one of the best characterized systems in eukaryotes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000546 .
obo:PW_0001293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carotene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of carotenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001289 .
obo:PW_0000205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is caused by an expanded trinucleotide repeat in the atrophin-1 (ATN1) gene. A rather rare condition, it can be juvenile-, early adult- or late adult-onset." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000171 .
obo:PW_0000108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caprolactam degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of caprolactam - a cyclic amide of caproic acid used to produce a type of nylon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0002359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AGAT deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition characterized by developmental delay and mental retardation due to defects in the GATM gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0002358 .
obo:PW_0000390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Reelin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000388 , obo:PW_0000389 , obo:PW_0000669 .
obo:PW_0002535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cocaine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of cocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Cocaine has few medical uses, mostly as local anesthetic during surgery. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002533 .
obo:PW_0001246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "codeine and morphine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of codeine/morphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drugs are potential ligands for the mu-opioid receptor, a class of opioid receptor. Opioid receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by endogenous and also exogenous opioids. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001244 .
obo:PW_0001941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methadone pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of methadone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Methadone binds the mu-opioid receptor of sensory neurons triggering downstream cascades that activate potassium channels while inactivating calcium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001939 .
obo:PW_0000653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling presents an interesting case. If the number of tyrosine kinases and of tyrosine phosphatases is similar (~100 in mammals), serine/threonine kinases have diversified to some 400 members in the course of evolution while the serine/threonine phosphatases count to about 25. The functional versatility is conferred through the diversity of regulatory subunits with which they interact. The holoenzyme dictates the role the protein complex plays in signaling pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000652 .
obo:PW_0001885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentazocine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pentazocine, an opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002443 .
obo:PW_0001469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibuprofen pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibuprofen. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001468 .
obo:PW_0000307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "coagulative necrosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in hypoxic environments. Cell outlines remain after cell death and can be observed by light microscopy (e.g. myocardial infarction, infarct of the spleen)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000279 .
obo:PW_0000627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gastrointestinal cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the esophagus, gastric or stomach and intestinal system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000625 .
obo:PW_0001748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tolmetin drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tolmetin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001170 .
obo:PW_0001528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prostacyclin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Prostacyclin is one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Prostacyclin, also known as prostaglandin I2 signaling engages one receptor to mediate a vasodilator effect and modulate immune responses." .
obo:PW_0002460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sodium salicylate drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sodium salicylate, a sodium salt of salicylic acid, used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 .
obo:PW_0001112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tocilizumab pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000928 .
obo:PW_0002200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azithromycin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of azithromycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with bacterial growth and is used for the treatment of several bacterial infections and a number of sexually transmitted infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002198 .
obo:PW_0000590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron homeostasis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in the proper balance of iron levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as needed by cells, tissues and organs. Iron is essential for many life processes but its reactivity makes it potentially dangerous." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000589 .
obo:PW_0001731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ticlopidine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002150 .
obo:PW_0001131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "temsirolimus pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of temsirolimus-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of mTOR pathway and is used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001129 .
obo:PW_0002074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered mitochondria fusion pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A mitochondria fusion pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001999 , obo:PW_0002062 .
obo:PW_0000895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "type I interferon signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Type I interferon, which includes all but one of the seven known human genes, binds to distinct receptors that activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000894 .
obo:PW_0000413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heme degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring, There are several kinds of hemes depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for a number of proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000221 .
a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:comment "An unconstrained type or object" .
obo:PW_0000574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentose phosphate pathway - non-oxidative phase" ;
rdfs:comment "The non-oxidative (circular) phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves conversion of ribulose-5-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate, important in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, or of 3 or 6 carbon sugars." .
obo:PW_0001235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catecholamine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000443 , obo:PW_0001234 .
obo:PW_0002717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "regulation of mitotic cell cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways involved in modulating the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000086 .
obo:PW_0001600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acenocoumarol pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of acenocoumarol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001598 .
obo:PW_0000804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norepinephrine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is primarily synthesized in sympathetic neurons in response to stresses such as cold or pain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000442 , obo:PW_0001235 .
obo:PW_0002344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etoposide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etoposide, a cytotoxic anticancer drug in the topoisomerase inhibitor class. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0000004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "regulatory pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways that control the processes by which a cell or organism develops, adjusts, behaves, responds to conditions or changes in these conditions, or in any manner helps promote and maintain its efficient functioning." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000001 .
obo:PW_0000266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome - a group of rare prion diseases, of autosomal dominant inheritance but linked to different mutations of the prion protein gene. Common characteristics include cognitive and motor disturbances, the presence of multicentric amyloid plaques in the brain. Its manifestations include cerebellar ataxia and dementia, rigidity, tremor, memory loss and others, depending on the form of the condition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000019 .
obo:PW_0002169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acebutolol drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acebutolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001737 .
obo:PW_0001874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isovaleric acidemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal condition resulting from an impaired amino acid metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 .
obo:PW_0000974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 3 belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 to promote chemotaxis of neutrophils." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000971 .
obo:PW_0001657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amiodarone pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amiodarone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001656 .
obo:PW_0001776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of purine-pyrimidine metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of purine and/or pyrimidine metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0001712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ramipril pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ramipril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001231 , obo:PW_0001710 .
obo:PW_0000169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nerve growth factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathways control a variety of processes such as neuronal cell differentiation and axon growth. Members of the NGF family are best known for their anti-apoptotic role as mediators of neuronal cell survival." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000571 .
obo:PW_0001663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anistreplase pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of anistreplase. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001662 .
obo:PW_0000450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neurotensin metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotensin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000447 .
obo:PW_0002211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydropyrimidinase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in pyrimidine degradation pathway due to mutations in dihydropyrimidinase gene (DPYS). DPYS catalyzes the second step in pyrimidine bases (uracil and thymine) catabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0001012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vitamin and vitamin metabolites signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Vitamin and metabolites of vitamin in addition to representing important nutrients and aid in cellular metabolism can also, in a hormone-like manner, acts as signaling molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0001487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ozone response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A pathway triggered by exposure to ozone, a powerful oxidant with numerous industrial and consumer applications. However, it can induce tissue damage in animal and plants. Exposure to ozone induces the generation of free radicals, depletion of antioxidants and secretion of proinflammatory factors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001434 .
obo:PW_0001612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Segawa syndrome pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A movement disorder caused by defects in the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme that converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine in the dopamine biosynthetic pathway of the other two catecholamines downstream of it, norepinephrine and epinephrine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001611 .
obo:PW_0001737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor selective antagonist drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of selective adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-1 receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001735 .
obo:PW_0001199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001194 , obo:PW_0001198 .
obo:PW_0002129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "candesartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of candesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002128 .
obo:PW_0001302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methionine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of methionine. In higher organisms methionine is either recycled via the remethylation pathways or is converted to cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism. In fungi, plants and bacteria, methionine can be processed to compounds such as methionol and/or 2-oxobutanoate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000048 .
obo:PW_0002620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered cellular detoxification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A cellular detoxification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000124 , obo:PW_0000263 .
obo:PW_0001404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered chromatin modification pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromatin modification pathway that deviate from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of chromatin modification have been implicated in cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001341 , obo:PW_0001403 .
obo:PW_0000220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of pyridine nucleotides, nucleotides with a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000135 .
obo:PW_0001105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acid and base sensing signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway elicited by changes in pH and bicarbonate levels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0002489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "melatonin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Melatonin, in human and other organisms derived from tryptophan, is a monoamine with antioxidant properties and involved in the synchronization of the circadian rhythms. Melatonin signals through three receptors types of which two are present in humans and other mammals. They are G protein coupled receptors (GPCR)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 , obo:PW_0000466 , obo:PW_0001162 .
obo:PW_0000376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cytochrome P450-independent phase I biotransformation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A minor phase I biotransformation pathway for the activation of endogenous and exogenous substances carried by flavin-containing monooxygenases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000857 .
obo:PW_0001816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inborn error of metal metabolism pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of metal metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001589 .
obo:PW_0001224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "irinotecan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of irinotecan an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002367 .
obo:PW_0002524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flurbiprofen pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of flurbiprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of arthritis and dental pain and also as a pre-operative solution. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002522 .
obo:PW_0001495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered visual phototransduction pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the visual phototransduction signaling have been linked to a number conditions such as retinits pigmentosa (RP), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), macular degeneration and others. More than 200 point mutations in rhodopsin account for ~25% of the autosomal dominant type of RP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000962 , obo:PW_0001492 , obo:PW_0001494 .
obo:PW_0000865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "purine biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of purine nucleotides. A major route for purine synthesis is the novo pathway. However, an alternate pathway, the salvage pathway, can also be used." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000031 .
obo:PW_0001145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phagocytosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The phagocytosis pathway is used for the removal of unwanted material such as dying cells and also of foreign material. As such it is also part of the immune response. Various receptors on the surface of a phagocytic cell will recognize/bind material and induce signaling cascades." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000281 .
obo:PW_0000815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "C-type lectin receptors represent one of four classes of pattern recognition receptors. The intracellular signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000925 .
obo:PW_0000500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosine-based hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000466 .
obo:PW_0002250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "torasemide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of torasemide, a diuretic drug mainly used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002121 .
obo:PW_0001876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plasmalogen metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of plasmalogen, a type of ether phospholipid found in many tissues, particularly in the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000354 .
obo:PW_0002041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "etodolac pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etodolac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002040 .
obo:PW_0002035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fentanyl pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002034 .
obo:PW_0000368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Non-Stat, Jak dependent pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways dependent on activation by JAK kinases but independent of Stat proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001195 .
obo:PW_0001607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrosinemia pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of disorders due to inborn errors of the tyrosine metabolic pathway. The three types of tyrosinemia are caused by deficiencies in distinct enzymes of the tyrosine degradation pathway and exhibit specific phenotypes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001646 .
obo:PW_0000541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "signaling pathway involving second messengers" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000003 .
obo:PW_0002619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered oxidative stress response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An oxidative stress response pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in stress response pathway are associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and various forms of cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000378 , obo:PW_0001545 .
obo:PW_0001443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ezetimibe drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ezetimibe - a drug used to lower the plasma cholesterol level. Ezetimibe is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000920 .
obo:PW_0001974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isradipine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of isradipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, particularly the L-type channel, used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001972 .
obo:PW_0002631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iron uptake pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Several systems are involved in the uptake of iron. They require the action of ferric reductases as the form of iron crossing the membrane is the ferrous Fe(II)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000591 .
obo:PW_0001361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase mediated signaling plays a major role in the response to DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Following lesion sensing by the MRN complex, ATM gets activated. Active ATM phosphorylates itself and targets resulting in triggering of DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint and signaling pathways. While ATM signaling is best documented for its role in DSB responses, evidence accumulates that it functions in a range of other, DNA damage unrelated, responses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001194 .
obo:PW_0002658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galactose degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of galactose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000042 .
obo:PW_0002090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "desipramine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of desipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression and its effect results from inhibition of norepinephrine and to a lesser extent serotonin neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002088 .
obo:PW_0002113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of non- selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002114 .
obo:PW_0001517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered Hippo signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A Hippo signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulated Hippo signaling has been implicated in tumor metastasis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000673 , obo:PW_0001199 , obo:PW_0001515 .
obo:PW_0002020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nervous system lysosomal storage disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The lysosomal storage disease pathways affecting the nervous system." .
obo:PW_0000334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "connexin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000332 .
obo:PW_0002441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levobupivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levobupivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002440 .
obo:PW_0000447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peptide neurotransmitter metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000407 .
obo:PW_0001484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered amine and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An amino and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000466 , obo:PW_0000509 .
obo:PW_0002167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP21A2 gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001478 .
obo:PW_0001473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid metabolism disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of lipid metabolic pathways. The condition(s) can be inherited or acquired." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001472 .
obo:PW_0001997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type VII pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving muscle phosphofructokinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0000272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuron-to-neuron signaling pathways" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000059 .
obo:PW_0001280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tryptophan biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tryptophan, an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms. In plants, the synthesis of aromatic amino acids is part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000054 , obo:PW_0001256 .
obo:PW_0001642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathways of tRNA quality control thereby erroneous tRNA is degraded or normal tRNA is cleaved under stress conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001161 .
obo:PW_0002395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cellular trafficking cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The endocytosis and the exocytosis pathway that delivers, takes up and recycles cellular material. Efficient coupling between exocytosis and endocytosis pathways is essential for synaptic transmission." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0001671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "no-go mRNA decay pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The no-go mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that causes ribosomes to stall during the elongation phase of translation. It can be due to the presence of pseudoknots, stem loop structures, rare codons, other features." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000546 .
obo:PW_0002427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered synaptic vesicle cycle pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in any of the various aspects pertinent to the release, endocytosis or trafficking/recycling of synaptic vesicles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002423 , obo:PW_0002426 .
obo:PW_0000242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bipolar disorder pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "As categorized by the DSM-IV, bipolar disorder is a form of mood disorder characterized by a variation of mood between a phase of manic or hypomanic elation, hyperactivity and hyper imagination, and a depressive phase of inhibition, slowness to conceive ideas and move, and anxiety or sadness. Together these form what is commonly known as manic depression. Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. DSM-IV is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000240 .
obo:PW_0002546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acidosis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic changes resulting in an excess of acids in the system causing a decrease in the normal pH range." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002545 .
obo:PW_0000800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adrenergic beta receptor agonist and beta-blocker pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of beta adrenergic receptor drugs. The beta-agonists are used to stimulate while the beta-blockers are used to inhibit the action of adrenergic beta receptors, as necessary. Adrenergic beta receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine elicit various sympathetic responses important for proper cardiac function and in the case of beta2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000799 .
obo:PW_0001946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mepivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mepivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001945 .
obo:PW_0001350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloride ion transport pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The transport pathway of chloride ion as carried out by chloride channels and transporters in cell and organelles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001349 .
obo:PW_0000313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A stress-induced MAPK pathway that regulates an array of processes such as gene expression, cell migration, cytoskeletal organization and apoptosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000312 .
obo:PW_0000240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neuropsychiatric disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Neuropsychiatric diseases are mental disorders due to various defects in the working of the nervous system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000013 .
obo:PW_0000697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carotenoid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carotenoids, organic pigments found in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Some can act as antioxidants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0001723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benazepril pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of benazepril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001230 , obo:PW_0001722 .
obo:PW_0000283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered glycan metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic pathways involving glycan that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycan metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000146 , obo:PW_0000262 .
obo:PW_0000055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide sugar metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotide sugars. Nucleotide sugars are glycosyl donors usually classified depending on the type of the nucleoside forming them. Several are used in animals and many others can be found in plants and bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000005 .
obo:PW_0002002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibandronate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of ibandronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ibandronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002000 .
obo:PW_0001629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transaldolase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Transaldolase deficiency results from alteration in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway, an alternative route of glucose oxidation that produces reducing equivalents. The condition affects many systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001644 .
obo:PW_0001545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered stress response pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Alterations in the pathways and processes elicited in response to various cues/insults the organism perceives as threatening." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000237 , obo:PW_0000263 .
obo:PW_0002013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of gentamicin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gentamicin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of several infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001433 .
obo:Reactome_R-HSA-170834 a rdfs:Class .
obo:PW_0002363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "remifentanil pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of remifentanil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a synthetic opioid analgesic used in general anesthesia. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002361 .
obo:PW_0000469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid hormone signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The main categories of lipid hormones are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism and the cholesterol derived steroid hormones. The signaling they initiate plays important roles in metabolism, inflammation and immunity, in the cardiovascular, nervous, renal and reproductive systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000465 .
obo:PW_0001906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nizatidine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of nizatidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor specific antagonist used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001904 .
obo:PW_0001065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "interstrand cross link repair pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Interstrand cross links (ICL) of DNA can be induced by both endogenous and exogenous ligands. ICL if not repaired will lead to cell death. The ICL repair pathway, also known as the Fanconi anemia pathway, is the cellular response to this type of DNA damage." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000663 .
obo:PW_0001426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neviparine pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of neviaparine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Neviparine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV type. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001424 .
obo:PW_0002679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycogen storage disease type 0 pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving glycogen synthase 1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001991 .
obo:PW_0000580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "translation initiation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Translation initiation is the first, the rate-limiting and the most regulated step of translation. It involves the formation of a scanning- competent small ribosomal subunit. Upon finding the initiation codon, scanning is stopped, the large 60S subunit joins, and an elongation-competent 80S ribosome is formed." .
obo:PW_0000395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered dopamine signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000389 , obo:PW_0000394 .
obo:PW_0001809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations purine-pyrimidine and/or amino acid metabolic pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001645 , obo:PW_0001776 .
obo:PW_0001384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glutamate degradation pathway V" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway V, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. Glutamate degradation pathway V proceeds via hydroxyglutarate and is one of the major pathways of glutamate fermentation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001385 .
obo:PW_0001988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ibutilide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibutilide, an antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0001618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adefovir pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Adefovir is an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001616 .
obo:PW_0002374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "panitumumab drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of panitumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002370 .
obo:PW_0001265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycine degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycine. Several routes are available, of which the glycine cleavage system is the predominant one. It occurs in the mitochondria and produces 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and as such, is an important component of the folate cycle pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000440 , obo:PW_0001258 .
obo:PW_0002279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fenoprofen pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fenoprofen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002278 .
obo:PW_0001180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "parathyroid hormone family signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The parathyroid hormone family consists of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-like hormone that employ the same parathyroid hormone receptor type 1, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) of family B of GPCRs. Despite signaling through the same receptor, the two hormones elicit distinct functions. Receptor type 2 has been considered an orphan receptor, but a specific ligand has been identified, a 39 residues peptide with weaker amino acid sequence similarity to the two hormones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000467 .
obo:PW_0001982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "irbesartan drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Irbesartan is one of several angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001789 .
obo:PW_0000519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of DDT - a chlorinated organic insecticide and environmental pollutant. Although it is banned in the United States, it is still widely used in developing countries." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0002066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disopyramide drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of disopyramide, a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0002653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The chemical reactions and pathways involving the breakdown, interconversion and synthesis of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. Only plants and microorganisms employ all processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000037 , obo:PW_0000132 .
obo:PW_0000119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrobenzene degradation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of nitrobenzene - an organic compound that occurs either as yellow crystals or yellow liquid and is used in the manufacture of aniline. It is a poisonous derivative of benzene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000107 .
obo:PW_0000302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glomerulonephritis pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Glomerulonephritis is accompanied by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney. It occurs in acute, subacute, and chronic forms and may be secondary to hemolytic streptococcal infection. Evidence also supports possible immune or autoimmune mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 .
obo:PW_0002608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 2" ;
rdfs:comment "Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2/F2RL1) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 10, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR2 signaling plays important roles in the cardiovascular and immune systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002606 .
obo:PW_0000170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Members of the EGF/neuregulin superfamily are important regulators of tissue development and repair. A characteristic feature is the presence of the EGF module, a 36-40 amino acid sequence with a disulfide-bonded three-loop structure necessary for receptor binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000168 .
obo:PW_0000499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "NF-kB signaling plays an essential role in the mammalian immune system. The classical/canonical pathway, downstream but not exclusively of tumor necrosis factor/receptor 1 signaling, is regarded as a paradigm of NF-kB signaling. The classical and the non-classical pathway downstream of a subset of Tnf receptor superfamily, share similar sets of core components, albeit in distinct ways. Collectively they regulate the expression of a vast array of genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000716 , obo:PW_0000818 , obo:PW_0001313 .
obo:PW_0002456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salicylic acid drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of salicylic acid derived from salicin, an anti-inflammatory agent produced in willow bark. It is best known for its use in anti-acne products. As a drug, it is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Its salts and esters are known as salicylates. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001546 , obo:PW_0002150 , obo:PW_0002159 , obo:PW_0002459 .
obo:PW_0001090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serotonin signaling pathway via receptors engaging G alphaq protein family" ;
rdfs:comment "Serotonin signaling via receptor family 2 engages G alphaq protein family resulting in activation of phospholipase C, mobilization of calcium ions and production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). There are three receptors subtypes in family 2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000854 .
obo:PW_0002647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 7, which senses ssRNA oligonucleotides from RNA viruses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000814 .
obo:PW_0001026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "graft-versus-host disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication following transplantation of cells, tissues or organs from a genetically non-identical donor in which the donor T cells attack the host cells. Several pro-inflammatory pathways are activated as a result of damage in the host tissue induced by the procedure. GVHD is commonly associated with stem cell or bone marrow transplant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001018 .
obo:PW_0001797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "telmisartan pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of telmisartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001796 .
obo:PW_0000216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spermine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyamine metabolism plays important roles in a number of cellular processes. Spermidine and spermine are formed in two consecutive reactions carried out by distinct enzymes that employ the decarboxylated form of AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000214 .
obo:PW_0001153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caffeine metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of certain plants that humans use as a stimulant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000147 .
obo:PW_0002579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "A brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway that deviates from what it normal course should be. Impaired BDNF signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of conditions such as Huntington Disease (HD) and depression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000572 , obo:PW_0002578 .
obo:PW_0002437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fondaparinux pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of fondaparinux-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002435 .
obo:PW_0002016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "furosemide pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of furosemide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Furosemide is used in the treatment of hypertension and edema. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002014 .
obo:PW_0001849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinidine drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of quinidine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent that can increase cardiac action potential. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002336 .
obo:PW_0002233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gastrointestinal disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The various conditions affecting any segment of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from alterations in one or several pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001697 .
obo:PW_0002154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bumetanide pharmacokinetics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bumetanide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002153 .
obo:PW_0001170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "musculo-skeletal system drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the musculo-skeletal system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000754 .
obo:PW_0002740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "wax biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The chemical reactions resulting in the formation of wax by plants and animals, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids." .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:range .
obo:PW_0000010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation, utilization and/or synthesis of lipids in tissues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:PW_0000181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pathway pertinent to protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation" ;
rdfs:comment "Those pathways that are involved in or mediate how proteins fold or are maintained in a particular folding state, are sorted for translocation or degradation, are modified to regulate their function or to target them for degradation and finally, are degraded." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000004 .
obo:PW_0001631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Tay-Sachs disease pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "There are several forms of Tay-Sachs disease resulting from mutations in the lysosomal hexosaminidase A enzyme. The accumulation of gangliosides in nerve cells leads to loss of mental and physical abilities, neurodegeneration and eventually death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001414 , obo:PW_0002300 .
obo:PW_0001164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "endocannabinoid signaling pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The signaling pathway initiated by the endogenous cannabinoids that activate the G-protein-coupled (GPCR) cannabinoid receptors and utilize a retrograde route from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic neuron." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000959 , obo:PW_0001163 .
obo:PW_0000301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kidney failure pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Renal failure implies the loss of kidney function. It can be acute and rapidly progressing, or chronic with slow progression. Chronic renal failure may involve a number of kidney diseases and end-stage renal failure is the ultimate consequence." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000300 .
obo:PW_0002236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hereditary folate malabsorption pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "An autosomal recessive condition likely due to alterations in folate transport and exhibiting the symptoms of folate deficiency." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002234 , obo:PW_0002235 .
obo:PW_0000606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "urogenital cancer pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Urogenital cancer groups those malignancies that affect the urinary system and reproductive organs. Deregulation of several pathways along with genetic damage accumulated over time can lead to the development of these conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000605 .
obo:PW_0001685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "verapamil drug pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of verapamil - an L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001893 .
obo:PW_0000029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid biosynthetic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetyl-CoA, the starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis, can be derived from amino acid and lipid degradation or the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Fatty acid biosynthesis involves the condensation of C2 units; it requires seven enzymatic reactions which are carried out by the multifunctional enzyme fatty acid synthase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000058 .
obo:PW_0001838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "risedronate pharmacodynamics pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "The pathway of risedronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Risedronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0001624 , obo:PW_0001837 .
obo:PW_0002706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein methylation pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the addition of methyl groups to protein amino acids. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0002715 .
obo:PW_0000211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biogenic amines and polyamines metabolic pathway" ;
rdfs:comment "Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biogenic amines and polyamines. Important biogenic amines are histamine, serotonin and the catecholamines. Spermidine and spermine are examples of important polyamines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:PW_0000002 .
obo:IAO_0000115 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "definition" ;
rdfs:range xsd:string .