PREFIX obo:
PREFIX rdf:
PREFIX rdfs:
PREFIX xsd:
obo:ARO_3007116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reduction in surface-to-volume ratio of cell" ;
rdfs:comment "Changes to cell morphology by activated growth response in the presence of an antibiotic, leading to a decreased surface-to-volume ratio. Such changes decrease antibiotic influx and increase antibiotic dilution in the cell, thereby increasing survivability, particularly in nutrient-poor environments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007115 .
obo:ARO_3002929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanN cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRN, is a vanR variant found in the vanN gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:BFO_0000050 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "part_of" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_2000001 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "confers_resistance_to_drug_class" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject (e.g., a gene family) confers or contributes to antibiotic resistance to some or all of the object (e.g. a drug class). It is a qualitative measure of antibiotic resistance, based on an experiment illustrating elevated MIC even outside of a clinical setting. A family of AMR genes confers resistance to a class of antibiotics if and only if all instances of that family confer resistance to some instances of that class in an organism." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:RO_0000056 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "participates_in" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3008129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-195" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-195." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Borreliella burgdorferi murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "murA or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase catalyses the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and is inhibited by fosfomycin. Mutations to the murA enzyme confers resistance to the antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002811 .
obo:ARO_2000000 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "confers_resistance_to_antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject (usually an enzyme, protein or other gene product) confers or contributes to clinically relevant resistance to a specific antibiotic drug. An entity is resistant to a chemical compound if and only if x is a pathogen and y is an antibiotic, and the fitness of that pathogen is not decreased when exposed to that antibiotic." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:RO_0001000 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "derives_from" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3009645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase in the AMM family, identified from a metagenome-assembled genome of Alteromonas mangrovi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009644 .
obo:ARO_3004036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetB(60)" ;
rdfs:comment "tetB(60) is a subunit of tetAB(60), an ABC transporter that confers resistance to tetracycline and tigercycline identified by screening a human saliva metagenomic library in Escherichia coli, which is required for resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "npmA" ;
rdfs:comment "NpmA is a plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside-resistance 16S rRNA methyltransferase by interfering with aminoglycoside binding with the A site of 16S rRNA through N-1 methylation at position A1408." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004272 .
obo:ARO_3000685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arylomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Arylomycins are lipopeptide antibiotics, sharing a lipohexapeptide with a C-terminal tripeptide macrolide and varying by the length of its alkyl chains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3003896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas mutant PhoQ conferring resistance to colistin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoQ of the two-component PhoPQ regulatory system. Presence of mutation confers resistance to colistin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000835 .
obo:ARO_3009062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-243" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-243." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Escherichia coli parC resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3000111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "novobiocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Novobiocin is an aminocoumarin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spheroides and Streptomyces niveus, and binds DNA gyrase subunit B inhibiting ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3001939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-78" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-78 is a beta-lactamase found in Kluyvera georgiana." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-112" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-112 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_2000007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "targeted_by" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject is targeted by the object (usually a class of antibiotics)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3007630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cadaside A" ;
rdfs:comment "Cadasides are lipopeptides with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007629 .
obo:ARO_3009144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexAB" ;
rdfs:comment "MexAB is a multidrug efflux pump complex consisting of Mex A and Mex B, two primary components. Forming the core transport machinery that can interface with various outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and toxic compounds, contributing to multidrug resistance. This component can be paired with OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-68" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase identified from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004545 .
obo:ARO_3005083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Thermus thermophilus 23s rRNA conferring resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the 23s rRNA of Thermus thermophilus confers resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics such as tiamulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004178 .
obo:ARO_3006958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN-2 is a ORN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005429 .
obo:ARO_3000549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeS" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeS is a sensor kinase in the AdeRS regulatory system of AdeABC. It is essential for AdeABC expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:RO_0002211 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "regulates" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3008725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-936" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-214 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-936." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3008837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-490" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-490." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-89" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-89 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-67" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-67 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-11" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3002260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-4" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3007776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dragmacidin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Spongosorites has yielded a bis-indole alkaloid which we have named dragmacidin G. Dragmacidin G is the first in this series of compounds to have a pyrazine ring linking the two indole rings. It also has a rare N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-guanidine side chain. Dragmacidin G shows a broad spectrum of biological activity including inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007773 .
obo:ARO_3006521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-144" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-144 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-465" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-465 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OprA" ;
rdfs:comment "OprA is an outer membrane factor protein found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is part of the MexXY-OprA complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_2000003 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "outer_membrane_protein_of" ;
rdfs:comment "A component of tripartite efflux systems that resides in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The outer membrane protein forms a channel or pore that spans the outer membrane, enabling the export of substrates directly into the extracellular environment." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3000589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-1 is a metallo-beta-lactamase isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae with nearly complete resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VIb" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-VIb is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007412 .
obo:ARO_3005395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CAR beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Pectobacterium atrosepticum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3004427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NaCl supplemented medium" ;
rdfs:comment "Growth medium supplemented with 2% (wt/vol) sodium chloride for testing susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin, oxacillin and nafcillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004418 .
obo:ARO_3005373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-41" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-41 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_148044419.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-30" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-30 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3007895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-112" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-112." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-C-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-C-1 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-221" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumonia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "5-episisomicin" ;
rdfs:comment "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3003518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to neomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3007212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-35" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-35 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3006718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-349" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-349 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-29" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-29 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-126" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-126 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-211" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-211 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-3-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-3-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3003727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanK gene in vanI cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanKI, is a peptidoglycan bridge formation protein also known as FemAB that is part of the vanI glycopeptide resistance gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002915 .
obo:ARO_3000578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CcrA" ;
rdfs:comment "CcrA is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:DOID_11162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "respiratory failure" ;
rdfs:comment "A lung disease characterized by inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:DOID_850 .
obo:ARO_3002528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-Ia is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrons in S. marcescens, E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007384 .
obo:ARO_3004650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(U)" ;
rdfs:comment "Initially reported as a tetracycline-resistant determinant encoded on the plasmid pKQ10 in Enterococcus faecium, tet(U) has since been determined to be a misannotation of a gene product not involved in tetracycline resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piperine" ;
rdfs:comment "Piperine is an alkaloid compound that is able to inhibit the activity of NorA, MdeA, and Rv1258c (Tap) antibiotic efflux pumps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007323 , obo:ARO_3007324 , obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3005870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-655" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-655 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3005362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-31" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-31 [Klebsiella] Accession: WP_073668892.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-138" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-138 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-436" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-436 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marA" ;
rdfs:comment "In the presence of antibiotic stress, E. coli overexpresses the global activator protein MarA, which besides inducing MDR efflux pump AcrAB, also down- regulates synthesis of the porin OmpF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3001419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-24" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-24 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3004800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FTU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FTU is a class A beta-lactamase gene family found in Francisella tularensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')-IIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(2'')-IIIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Enterococcus gallinarum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000128 .
obo:ARO_3005598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-175" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-175 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-47" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-47 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrocyclic peptide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Macrocyclic peptides are predominantly peptide structures bearing one or more rings and spanning multiple amino acid residues. Macrocyclization has become a common approach for improving the pharmacological properties and bioactivity of peptides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3009305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strobilurin fungicide" ;
rdfs:comment "Strobilurins, also known as QOI fungicides, are a group of fungicides originally isolated from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus that inhibit mitochondrial respiration by binding to Complex III in the electron transport chain thereby disrupting the fungus's ability to produce energy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_0010003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Small multidrug resistance (SMR) proteins are a relatively small family of transporters, restricted to prokaryotic cells. They are also the smallest multidrug transporters, with only four transmembrane alpha-helices and no significant extramembrane domain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3008968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-621" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-621." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloroeremomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Chloroeremomycin is a vancomycin-like glycopeptide, with three sugars instead of two in vancomycin and balhimycin. Chloroeremomycin dimerizes and binds to the terminus of peptidoglycan precursors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3004374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "malacidin A" ;
rdfs:comment "A calcium-dependent cyclic lipopeptide found to be effective against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cutaneous wound infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3005913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-706" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-706 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-56" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-56." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dexrazoxane" ;
rdfs:comment "Dexrazoxane is a medication used in the management and treatment of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and extravasation injuries. It was demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo-beta-lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo-beta-lactamases-producing bacteria. Dexrazoxane is a metal ion chelating agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_0000029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "teicoplanin" ;
rdfs:comment "Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Teicoplanin has a unique acyl-aliphatic chain, and binds to cell wall precursors to inhibit transglycosylation and transpeptidation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3000551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "organoarsenic antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Organoarsenic antibiotics are arsenic-containing compounds with antibacterial effects. The organoarsenic antibiotic arsphenamine and its derivatives were developed in the 1910s as the first modern chemotherapeutic agents." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3001172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-125" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-125 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphJ" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosomal macrolide phosphotransferase identified in Brevibacillus brevis VM4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3005966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-762" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-762 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-444" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-444 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_3000677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "virginiamycin S2" ;
rdfs:comment "Virginiamycin S2 is a streptogramin B antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3006223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BKC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "BKC-2 is a BKC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004756 .
obo:ARO_3006279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-87" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-87 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SED beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SED is a family of broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3000996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-132" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-132 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51B with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase" ;
rdfs:comment "UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid. Accumulation of UDP-glucuronic acid mediates resistance to 5-flucytosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 .
obo:ARO_3007223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adjuvants enhancing antibiotic entry" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of antibiotic adjuvants which enhance the antibiotic capability to enter the cell through passive or active membrane transport." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000076 .
obo:ARO_3001076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-18" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-18 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-488" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-488." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lmrA" ;
rdfs:comment "lmrA is the repressor to the lmrAB operon in Bacillus subtilis. lmrA mutations result in lincomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1304" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1304." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatH" ;
rdfs:comment "vatH is a plasmid-mediated acetyltransferase found in Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3008467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1048" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1048." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefixime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefixime is a cephalosporin resistant to most beta-lactamases. It is active against many enterobacteria, but activity against staphylococci is poor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3004672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB5" ;
rdfs:comment "Fosfomycin resistance gene. High homology with FosB1 and FosB3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3002676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catB3" ;
rdfs:comment "catB3 is a plasmid or chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Salmonella typhimurium, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3007596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin I" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3001667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-202" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-202 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "UhpA response regulator of fosfomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "UhpA acts as a positive regulator of UhpT, which is a transporter to bring fosfomycin drugs into bacterial cells. Mutations in UhpA that negatively impact the expression of UhpT can confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:RO_0002213 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "positively_regulates" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3005222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-544" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-544 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3004753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BIC-1 is a beta-lactamase conferring resistance to carbapenems that is found in Pseudomonas fluorescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004752 .
obo:ARO_3001602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-411" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-411 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-4" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HER-4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3001380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-203" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-203 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr" ;
rdfs:comment "Alternative dihydropteroate synthase dfr present on plasmids produces alternate proteins that are less sensitive to trimethoprim from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring trimethoprim resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003425 .
obo:ARO_3001473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-179" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-179 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CHM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CHM is a subclass B1 metallo B-lactamase with enzymatic activity against cephalosporins and carbapenems, first identified in the Chryseobacterium spp. functional gene library." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007856 .
obo:ARO_3007045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enrofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine predominately for dogs and cats but is sometimes used for other animals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3005773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-549" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-549 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007726 .
obo:ARO_3003926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Salmonella gyrA that confer resistance to Nalidixic acid, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. These mutations have also been shown to reduce susceptibility to ciprofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_2000008 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "targeted_by_antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject is targeted by a specific antibiotic." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3000771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AdeFGH" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeFGH is a RND multidrug efflux pump expressed in Acinetobacter baumannii. It confers resistance to fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, tigecycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3005955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-751" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-751 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis gshF with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "gshF is a bifunctional glutamate-cysteine ligase/ glutathione synthetase that when mutated, confers daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003806 .
obo:ARO_3004203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CGB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CGB beta-lactamases are Class B beta-lactamases found in Chryseobacterium gleu that can hydrolyze penicillins; narrow- and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins; and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3000107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotidylation of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Modification by NMP, usually AMP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3000554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mupirocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mupirocin, also known as pseudomonic acid, is a bacteriostatic polyketide antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens used to treat S. aureus and MRSA. It inhibits Ile tRNA synthetase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007151 .
obo:ARO_3007342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naringenin" ;
rdfs:comment "Naringenin is a flavonoid compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3001187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-148" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-148 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-191" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-191 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-632" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-632." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-15" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-15 is a OXY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB2" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB2 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter koseri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-143-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-143." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3008025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-315" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-315." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-624" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-624 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3001898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-36" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-36 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-908" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-908 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-12" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-12 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3006301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-125" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-125 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bacillus subtilis pgsA with mutation conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within the Bacillus subtilis pgsA gene resulting in resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003080 .
obo:ARO_3002687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catQ" ;
rdfs:comment "catQ is a chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Clostridium perfringens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3006986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SFO-1 is a SFO beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005444 .
obo:ARO_3004613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(47)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3006657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-283" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-283 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(E)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetE is a tetracycline efflux pump found in many Gram-negative bacteria, especially those in water environments. The gene is found on large plasmids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-68" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-68 is an inhibitor resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA8" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA8 is a transposon-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3006145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-23" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-23 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin A was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin A has a monosaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin B. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3002235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-44" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-44 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-170" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-170 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-265" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-265." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-728" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-728 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007734 .
obo:ARO_3003730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bifidobacterium bifidum ileS conferring resistance to mupirocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Bifidobacteria have an intrinsically resistant form of ileS (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase) that confers resistance to mupirocin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000446 .
obo:ARO_3005486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-81" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-81 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexN" ;
rdfs:comment "MexN is the inner membrane transporter of the MexMN-OprM multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009149 .
obo:ARO_2000002 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "inner_membrane_protein_of" ;
rdfs:comment "A component of tripartite efflux systems that resides in the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that actively transports substrates out of the cell." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3005425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MOR beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases found in Morganella morganii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3002613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA13" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA13 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and integrons in Pseudomonas rettgeri, P. aeruginosa, Y. enterocolitica and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3007973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-257" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-257." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-113" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-113." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-11" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-11 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3005151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-53" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-53 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive embB" ;
rdfs:comment "EmbB is an arabinosyltransferase that works as a heterodimer with EmbA. It is involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan, a component of the mycobacterial cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000725 .
obo:ARO_3005072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-13" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-13 is a beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was found in Bibersteinia trehalosi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3008901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-554" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-554." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3000711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein synthesis machinery targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Protein synthesis in bacteria is accomplished by cytosolic ribosomes that are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes, and thus a target for many antibiotics. By inhibiting ribosomal activity, either by directly binding to the ribosome or interacting with co-factors, antibiotics prevent protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3008940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-593" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-593." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-40" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-40 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EXO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase found in Streptomyces albus G." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004234 .
obo:ARO_3007217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-40" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-40 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disinfecting agents and antiseptics" ;
rdfs:comment "Disinfectants that can also interact with antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, e.g. molecule efflux, and thus are the targets of disinfectant resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3003160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-422" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-422 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive fabI" ;
rdfs:comment "fabI is a bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier reductase (ENR) isozyme. As with other ENRs, mutations in fabI can confer resistance to the biocide triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000872 .
obo:ARO_3005635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-212" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-212 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPG-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SPG-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Sphingomonas sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004224 .
obo:ARO_3006107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-921" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-921 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3001229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rosaramicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Micromonospora rosaria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3007533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.7" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-4-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bleomycin resistant protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Bleomycin resistant proteins (BRP) confer resistance to bleomycin and to bleomycin-like molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001207 .
obo:ARO_3007070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.33" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant, first described in a multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolate recovered from a urinary tract infection, and co-occurring with the carbapenemase NDM-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:RO_0002312 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "evolutionary_variant_of" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3005267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-236" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-236 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal uracil phosphoribosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal uracil phosphoribosyltransferases which include mutations to confer resistance to 5-flucytosine antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-21" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-21 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-202" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-202 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sgm" ;
rdfs:comment "Sgm, or sisomicin-gentamicin methyltransferase, methylates G1405 of 16S rRNA to confer resistance to various aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3000805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OprN" ;
rdfs:comment "OprN is the outer membrane channel component of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-143" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-143." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nigericin" ;
rdfs:comment "Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is described as a potassium ionophore, which facilitates H+/K+ anti-port across cell membranes, thereby activating NLRP3 by causing potassium efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3008449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1028" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1028." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fexA" ;
rdfs:comment "fexA is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Mammaliicoccus lentus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-61" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-61 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thioacetazone" ;
rdfs:comment "Thioacetazone is an inexpensive, antitubercular, bacteriostatic drug that has been widely used in combination with isoniazid in Africa and South America. This drug is rarely in use." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007161 .
obo:ARO_3003557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "This enzyme breaks the beta-lactam antibiotic ring open and deactivates the molecule's antibacterial properties." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003555 .
obo:ARO_3002099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-86" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-86 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-892" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-892 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to capreomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in 23S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to capreomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004936 .
obo:ARO_3006877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-16" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-16 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3008624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1214" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1214." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant fgd1" ;
rdfs:comment "Genetic variants of F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase fgd1 with mutations associated with antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-5" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3006562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-182" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-182 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic resistant iniB" ;
rdfs:comment "iniB, an isoniazid-induced protein, is part of the iniBAC operon that participates in the development of tolerance to both isoniazid and ethambutol. May function through a MDR-pump like mechanism, although it does not appear to directly transport isoniazid from the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Fluconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is used for the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3006458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-159" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-159 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-53" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-53." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-182" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-182 is a beta-lactamase found in clinical isolates of H. parainfluenzae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-39" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-39 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edeine F" ;
rdfs:comment "Edeine F is a subtype of edeine similar to edeine B with beta-tyr replaced by beta-phe-beta-ala. Edeines bind to the 30S subunit to block fMet-tRNA interaction at the P site, inhibiting protein synthesis and subsequent structure/function processes critical for life or replication." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000119 , obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3006577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-198" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-198 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "B3SU2-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase B3SU2-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007865 .
obo:ARO_3009493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51c with mutations conferring resistance to prochloraz" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3009149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexMN" ;
rdfs:comment "MexMN is a multidrug efflux pump complex consisting of MexM and MexN as its main components. This system acts as a central transport mechanism, partnering with outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and toxic compounds, thereby playing a significant role in multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-600" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-600 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "WUS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "WUS is a family of the metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3002765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB50" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB50 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RanARanB" ;
rdfs:comment "RanARanB is the combination of both RanA and RanB to form an ABC-type efflux system. RanB confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3004984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1667 mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv1667 gene that can contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide. Resistance may be due to an antibiotic export mechanism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004983 .
obo:ARO_3004637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qnrE2" ;
rdfs:comment "qnrE2 is a qnrE-member of plasmid-borne (fluoro)quinolone-resistance genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-44" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-44 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-7" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-7 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was first described by Clemente et al." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3008169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-31" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase DHA-31." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3005506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-58" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-58 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-177" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-177 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-55" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-55 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-600" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-600." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-11" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3007589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin F" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3005292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-19b" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-19b is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-140" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-140 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-133" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-133 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein variant detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene has been detected in the query but encodes a protein variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3008996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A19" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3004232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ampC-type beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AmpC beta-lactamases are clinically important class C beta-lactamase enzymes which confer resistance to cephalosporins and penicillin-like antibiotics. AmpC beta-lactamases are typically found in Enterobacteriaceae, and were described in Escherichia coli in 1940 as the first reported enzymatic deactivation of penicillin. The name AmpC connects these enzymes functionally across many species, however these enzymes are generally unnamed and not phylogenetically related." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3002011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-154" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-154 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the A subunit of DNA gyrase reduce its affinity for fluoroquinolones, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3004847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-51" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-368" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-368 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible ura6" ;
rdfs:comment "Ura6 encodes a uridylate kinase that catalyzes an enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting uridine monophosphate into uridine-5(prime)-diphosphate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009357 .
obo:ARO_0000040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Streptomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3002088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-75" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-75 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-5" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK-5 is a LHK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:ARO_3001958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-99" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-99 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT-5" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT-5 is a LUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005421 .
obo:ARO_3006302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-127" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-127 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-254" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-254." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA7.5" ;
rdfs:comment "FosA7.5 is a variant of the FosA7 gene. This gene is unique from FosA7 in that it is found in Escherichia coli as opposed to Salmonella enterica. It confers resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3002918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanO" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to vanA, contains a D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. The chromosome-located vanO gene cluster is inducible. Not much is known about the biochemistry about the vanO gene cluster. Gene orientation: orf1 RS orf2 HOX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3002862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA7" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA7 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3009494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51c with mutations conferring resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3008546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1128" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1128." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-51" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-51 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3005993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-793" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-793 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3000491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acrD" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrD is an aminoglycoside efflux pump expressed in E. coli. Its expression can be induced by indole, and is regulated by baeRS and cpxAR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3001630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-95" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-95 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-25" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-25 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant katG" ;
rdfs:comment "Bifunctional enzyme with both catalase and broad-spectrum peroxidase activity. It is a catalase-peroxidases that catalyzes the activation of isoniazid. Mutations that arises within this protein cause changes that results in the inability for katG to activate antibiotics, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004266 .
obo:ARO_3008246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-116" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-116." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RUB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RUB beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Serratia rubidaea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3000813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexS" ;
rdfs:comment "MexS is a suppressor of MexT, which is an activator of the multidrug pump MexEF-OprN. Mutations in MexS lead to multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3004626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(49)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(49) is an rRNA methylase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-1d" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-1d is a ACC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001815 .
obo:ARO_3005428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OHIO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OHIO beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3003074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus cls conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiolipin synthetase (cls) is an inner membrane protein that is involved in membrane synthesis. Specific mutations in S. aureus can confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003272 .
obo:ARO_3003768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene conferring resistance via absence" ;
rdfs:comment "Deletion of gene or gene product results in resistance. For example, deletion of a porin gene blocks drug from entering the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3004153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis thyA with mutation conferring resistance to para-aminosalicylic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the thymidylate synthetase thyA gene shown clinically to confer resistance to para-aminosalicylic acid. Loss-of-function mutations in thyA disrupt the catalytic activity and substrate-binding affinity, thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004152 .
obo:ARO_3009254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr3 with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for proteins that maintain the phospholipid bilayer permeability in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3000565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(38)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet38 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. It is regulated by mgrA, which also regulates NorB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-281" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-281." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')-IIb" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(4')-IIb is a transposon-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007404 .
obo:ARO_3001840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-19" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-19 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal post-transcriptional modifying protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitations of certain post-transcriptional modifications can confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3000130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edeine A" ;
rdfs:comment "Edeine A is a subtype of the peptide antibiotic edeine, composed of beta-tyr, beta-ser, diaminopropionic acid, diaminohydroxyazelaic acid, glycine, and spermidine. Edeine A is a mixture of edeine A1 and its inactive isomer, edeine A2. Edeines bind to the 30S subunit to block fMet-tRNA interaction at the P site, inhibiting protein synthesis and subsequent structure/function processes critical for life or replication." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000119 , obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3003034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexX" ;
rdfs:comment "MexX is the membrane fusion protein of the MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009152 .
obo:ARO_2000004 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "periplasmic_adaptor_protein_of" ;
rdfs:comment "A bridging component of tripartite efflux systems in Gram-negative bacteria, located in the periplasmic space. The periplasmiic adaptor protein links the inner membrane transporter and the outer membrane protein, stabilizing the efflux complex and facilitating substrate transport." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3003890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli UhpT with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the active importer UhpT, which is involved with the uptake of many phosphorylated sugars, confer resistance to fosfomycin by reducing import of the drug into the bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004248 .
obo:ARO_3001111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-55" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-55 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-170" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-170 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-342" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-342 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-221" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-221 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-281" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-281 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3008889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-542" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-542." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DfrA38" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA38 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3003971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(44)v" ;
rdfs:comment "Variant of Erm(44)v isolated from Staphylococcus saprophyticus, confers resistance to lincosamide and macrolide antibiotics but not streptogramins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-237" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-237 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3003456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ethA" ;
rdfs:comment "Monooxygenase able to convert a wide range of ketones to the corresponding esters or lactones via a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. It is responsible for the activation of several thiocarbamide-containing pro-drugs into cytotoxic species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prothionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Prothionamide is a thioamide derivative with antibacterial properties. It increases cell wall permeability and decreases cell wall damage resistance by inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis, resulting in cell death. It is particularly used to treat M. tuberculosis and M. leprae infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007156 .
obo:ARO_3002979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-Ala-D-Ser ligase" ;
rdfs:comment "A van ligase that synthesizes D-Ala-D-Ser, an alternative peptidoglycan substrate that confers resistance to vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002906 .
obo:ARO_3009155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "atovaquone" ;
rdfs:comment "Atovaquone is an antimicrobial medication for the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). It is a naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009154 .
obo:ARO_3004280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MipA-interacting Protein" ;
rdfs:comment "The MltA-interacting Protein (MipA) family consists mainly of homologs to MipA and OmpV proteins. Proteins of this family, are predicted to form a beta-barrel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3003831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "temocillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Temocillin is a beta-lactamase resistant carboxypenicillin. It is primarily used for the treatment of multiple drug resistant, Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3003612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-456" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-456 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3000754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive peptidyl transferase (23S rRNA)" ;
rdfs:comment "The bacterial 23S rRNA, at the P site of the 50S subunit, has peptidyl transferase activity and is responsible for peptide synthesis and elongation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000740 .
obo:ARO_2000007 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "targeted_by" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject is targeted by the object (usually a class of antibiotics)." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3000899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-29" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-29 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-129" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-129 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EVM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "EVM beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Qipengyuania vulgaris." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-911" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-911 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3005930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-723" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-723 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "AXC-3 is a AXC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3007825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-47" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-47 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-868" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-868 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-24" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-24 is a DHA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3004105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TMB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "TMB-1 is a TMB metallo-beta-lactamase found in Achromobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004104 .
obo:ARO_3001947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-87" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-87 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BcII" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase II is a zinc metallo-beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes a large number of penicillins and cephalosporins in the Bacillus cereus strain 5/B/6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000577 .
obo:ARO_3008686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1276" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1276." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dicloxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dicloxacillin is a penicillin derivative that has an extra chlorine atom in comparison to cloxacillin. While more active than cloxacillin, its high affinity for serum protein reduces its activity in human serum in vitro." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009125 .
obo:ARO_3005010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacEdelta1" ;
rdfs:comment "QacEdelta1 is a resistance gene conferring resistance to antiseptics. It is different from QacE only at the 3'-terminus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ramR" ;
rdfs:comment "RamR is a repressor that regulates RamA expression. Mutations lead to the upregulation of AcrAB, which is positively regulated by RamA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3006663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-291" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-291 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysocin E" ;
rdfs:comment "A drug which binds to menaquinone in the bacterial cell membrane. Binding of Lysocin to menaquinone facilitates lysis of the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003919 .
obo:ARO_3005285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-201" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-201 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to oxazolidinone antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to oxazolidinone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3005660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-237" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-237 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-223" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-223 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ia is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrons in Citrobacter diversus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3002838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuD" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuD is a plasmid-mediated nucleotidyltransferase found in Streptococcus uberis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3007925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-160" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-160." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mlaFEDB" ;
rdfs:comment "ABC transporter complex which is involved in a phospholipid transport pathway that maintains lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane by retrograde trafficking of phospholipids from the outer membrane to the inner membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-50" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-50 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sparfloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3002957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY gene in vanD cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanYD, is a vanY variant found in the vanD gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000077 .
obo:ARO_3004442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(W/N/W)" ;
rdfs:comment "tet(W/N/W) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3009662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARD:Epi" ;
rdfs:comment "CARD:Epi denotes the natural-language-processing (NLP) module of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) that captures literature-derived associations between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in CARD's Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO) and normalized epidemiological terms drawn from external lexicons (SO, NCBI_TAXON, GAZ, IDO, UBERON, FOODON, ENV). Each association records the source lexicon, the normalized term's accession and name, and the number of supporting PubMed publications, with individual supporting citations (PMID and sentence-level location) tracked separately." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3003658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-50" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-50 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetAB(46)" ;
rdfs:comment "tetAB(46) is a heterodimeric ABC transporter conferring tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus australis isolated from the oral cavity. Both tetA(46) and tetB(46) genes are required for resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-Suzhou" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib-Suzhou is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3009243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 C-5 sterol desaturase with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009624 .
obo:ARO_3006035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-841" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-841 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant cls" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiolipin synthetase catalyzes the formation of cardiolipin from two phosphatidylglycerol molecules. Cardiolipin is important in membrane translocation and permeabilization. Current known mutations on the enzyme confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-406" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-406 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mgtA" ;
rdfs:comment "A macrolide glycosyltransferase encoded by the mgtA gene in Streptomyces lividans. This enzyme inactivates macrolides using UDP-glucose as a cofactor. Its optimal substrates are lankamycin, calcomycin, rosaramicin, methymycin, and pikromycin, while interactions with erythomycin, oldeandomycin, azithromycin, and tylosin were weaker. It is inactive against spiramycin and carbomycin. Mechanism first described by Cundliffe, 1992." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004237 .
obo:ARO_3001462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-157" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-157 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3006705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-335" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-335 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-497" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-497 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1156" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1156." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-271" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-271 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BAT-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BAT-1 is a class D beta-lactamase found in Bacillus atrophaeus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004746 .
obo:ARO_3002040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-29" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-29 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MUS-2" ;
rdfs:comment "MUS-2 is a chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase from Myroides odoratimimus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004067 .
obo:ARO_3008693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1283" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1283." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-139" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-139 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-9" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-9 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-233" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-233 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-226" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-226." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant HMG-CoA reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "HMG-CoA reductase-encoding genes which include mutations to confer resistance to antifungal drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-63" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-63 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-319" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-319 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-304" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-304." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlB" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlB is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-9" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007735 .
obo:ARO_3007574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "The formicamycins are promising antibiotics first identified in Streptomyces formicae KY5, which produces the compounds at low levels." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005171 .
obo:ARO_3008606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1190" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1190." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_0000014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Gentamicin C is a mixture of gentamicin C1, gentamicin C1a, and gentamicin C2 (these differ in substituents at position C6'). Gentamicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 , obo:ARO_3007382 .
obo:ARO_3002603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA3" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA3 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids, transposons and integrons in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3006020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-822" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-822 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:DOID_37 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "skin disease" ;
rdfs:comment "An integumentary system disease that is located in the skin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3002866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrD" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrD is a plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Listeria monocytogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3007150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bicyclomycin-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including bicyclomycin and its analogues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)" ;
rdfs:comment "Inactivates chloramphenicol by addition of an acyl group. CAT is used to describe many variants of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in a range of organisms including Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alkalihalobacillus clausii, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactococcus lactis, Listeria monocytogenes, Listonella anguillarum, Morganella morganii, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus suis and Streptomyces acrimycini." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3000527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyamine antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyamine antibiotics are organic compounds having two or more primary amino groups." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3009221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3006846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-71" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-71 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-86" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftazidime-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-86." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1292" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1292." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtB" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtB is a transporter that forms a heteromultimer complex with MdtC to form a multidrug transporter. MdtBC is part of the MdtABC-TolC efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to benomyl" ;
rdfs:comment "The Cyp51A enzyme plays a key role in sterol biosynthesis in fungi. While azoles target lanosterol demethylase to disrupt ergosterol production, benomyl functions differently as a benzimidazole, binding to beta-tubulin and preventing microtubule assembly. Although Cyp51A is not directly involved in the benomyl target pathway, concurrent mutations in sterol biosynthesis genes like Cyp51A have been associated in some studies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009546 .
obo:ARO_3003669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline derivatives" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the bacterial 16S rRNA region shown clinically to confer resistance to tetracycline and tetracycline derivatives (polyketide antibiotics)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003211 .
obo:ARO_3006372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-203" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-203 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-8-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-8-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3007105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimC" ;
rdfs:comment "nimC is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3004962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kanamycin-resistant eis" ;
rdfs:comment "Involved in acetylation and intracellular survival. Associated with the cell surface and secretion proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004961 .
obo:ARO_3003634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-477" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-477 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3005908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-701" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-701 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large and structurally diverse superfamily of biologically active natural products. They are generated via ribosomal translation of a peptide-encoding gene and subsequent processing of the precursor peptide by dedicated enzymes that introduce a variety of post-translational modifications, including intramolecular cyclization, dehydration and formation of heterocycles. The modifications set the 3D shape of the peptides, facilitate interaction with the target and protect them from degradation by cellular peptidases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3005274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-225" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-225 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftriaxone" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The presence of an aminothiazolyl sidechain increases ceftriazone's resistance to beta-lactamases. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3004160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli shown clinically to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3005451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SST beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SST beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3005808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-587" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-587 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "halolitoralin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Halolitoralin C is an alanine-rich cyclic hexapeptide. It exhibits potent activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram positive bacteria. It was also found to exhibit moderate anthelmintic activity against the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis and Eudrilus sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007779 .
obo:ARO_3005508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-60" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-60 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-273" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-273." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdeA" ;
rdfs:comment "mdeA is a multidrug efflux pump that confers resistance in varying degrees to several unrelated antibiotics, including kanamycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, acriflavine, and ethidium bromide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-34" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-34 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3000674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dalfopristin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dalfopristin is a water-soluble semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin IIA. It is produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and is used in combination with quinupristin in a 7:3 ratio. Both work together to inhibit protein synthesis, and is active against Gram-positive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000034 .
obo:ARO_3004689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.12" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated phosphoethanolamine transferase and MCR-1 variant identified from Escherichia coli and conferring resistance to colistin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Chlamydophila psittaci 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3006965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PFM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PFM-1 is a PFM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005432 .
obo:ARO_3005892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-685" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-685 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "totarol" ;
rdfs:comment "The phenolic diterpene totarol had good antimicrobial activity against effluxing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Totoral acts as a NorA efflux pump inhibitor as well as an antistaphylococcal antimicrobial agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007224 , obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3008281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-155" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-155." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-154" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-154 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-7" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-7 is an integron-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3004438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMR testing vendor" ;
rdfs:comment "Vendor of AMR testing equipment and reagents." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3000451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein(s) or two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux" ;
rdfs:comment "Protein(s) and two component regulatory systems that directly or indirectly change rates of antibiotic efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3008747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-970" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-970." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium fujikuroi myosin-5 with mutations conferring resistance against phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in myosin-5 (also called myosin V) confer resistance against the fungicide phenamacril. Fusarium species produce myotoxins that are pathogenic to mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009384 .
obo:ARO_3004570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PNGM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PNGM is a family of metallo-beta-lactamases first identified from a deep-sea sediment metagenome and shown to reduce antibiotic susceptibility by hydrolysis of penicillins, carbapenems and extended- and broad-spectrum cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3000379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "OprM is an outer membrane factor protein found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia vietnamiensis. It is part of the MexAB-OprM, MexVW-OprM, MexXY-OprM and the AmrAB-OprM complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-217" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-27" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-27 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3003206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lsaE" ;
rdfs:comment "lsaE is an ABC-F subfamily protein found in porcine MRSA isolates. It confers resistance to pleuromutilin, lincosamide, and streptogramin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004472 .
obo:ARO_3006515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-138" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-138 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmA" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmA confers the MLSb phenotype. Similar to ErmC, Expression of ErmA is inducible by erythromycin. The leader peptide causes attenuation of the mRNA and stabilizes the structure preventing further translation. When erythromycin is present, it binds the leader peptide causing a change in conformation allowing for the expression of ErmA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3005244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-181" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC ortholog described by Nodari et al. 2020." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3001582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-396" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-396 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-884" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-884 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-582" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-582." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1150" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1150." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MdtQ" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtQ is a putative multidrug resistance outer membrane protein found in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004278 .
obo:ARO_3007968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-96" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-96." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c mutations confer resistance to ethambutol and capreomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the M. tuberculosis efflux pump Rv1258c (Tap) conferring resistance to multiple ethambutol and capreomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007184 .
obo:ARO_3002433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-16" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3006917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA26" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA26 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3001391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-214" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-214 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-214" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-214 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-206" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-206 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-96" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-96 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-44" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-44 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-151" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-151." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-138" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-138 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amitriptyline" ;
rdfs:comment "Amitriptyline is an antidepressant used to treat a variety of conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome, major depressive disorder, fibromyalgia. Is is also able to inhibit bacterial antibiotic efflux pumps such as AcrAB-TolC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007322 .
obo:ARO_3007907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-131" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-131." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-173" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-173 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL beta-lactamase is an AMR Gene Family associated with Staphylococcus arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "micro broth dilution method" ;
rdfs:comment "Broth dilution conducted on 96-well microtiter plates (≤200 µL per well)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004397 .
obo:ARO_3004315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli" ;
rdfs:comment "Any E.coli that has tested resistant (R) to at least one of the following: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3008824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-477" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class C beta-lactamase PDC-477." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-188" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-188 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-974" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-974." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-660" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-660 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-105" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-105." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-120" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-120 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3005184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-162" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-162 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cprRS" ;
rdfs:comment "cprRS is a two-component regulatory system. In the presence of cationic peptides, it induces the Arn operon to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3004392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography" ;
rdfs:comment "Components of complex mixtures such as plant extracts are separated across a TLC plate and tested for anti-microbial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3002618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA21" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA21 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in Salmonella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3003017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA21" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA21 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3000072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT beta-lactamases, also known as AmpC beta-lactamases, are cephalosporinases that cannot be inhibited by clavulanate. These enzymes are encoded by genes located on the chromosome and can be induced by the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. However recently, these genes have been found on plasmids and expressed at high constitutive levels in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3001917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-55" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-55 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-785" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-785 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3001398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-3 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3008267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-141" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-141." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-11" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-11 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-327" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-327 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-86" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-86 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IDC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "IDC-2 is an IDC beta-lactamase and an integron cephalosprinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005011 .
obo:ARO_3002658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(6)-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(6)-Ib is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. glaucescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007415 .
obo:ARO_3007357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "genistein" ;
rdfs:comment "Genistein is a flavonolignan compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3009402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to propiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-556" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-556 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-74" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-74 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS6" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS6 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Aeromonas hydrophila." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GRD23-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GRD23-1 is a GRD23 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005415 .
obo:ARO_3003713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VCC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "VCC-1 is a Class A carbapenemase isolated from Vibrio cholerae and exhibits resistance to penicillins, carbapenems and monobactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004196 .
obo:ARO_3000782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeK" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeK is the outer membrane factor protein in the adeIJK multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtH" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug resistance protein MdtH." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aztreonam-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic aztreonam and the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:BFO_0000051 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "has_part" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3004018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nafcillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Nafcillin is a penicillin-class narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. It inhibits cell wall synthesis and peptidoglycan cross-linkage through binding to PBPs, similarly to other penicillin-like antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009125 .
obo:ARO_3005330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-931" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-931 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-229 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3009554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imazalil" ;
rdfs:comment "Imazalil is a member of the class of imidazoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3007230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.34" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-73" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-73 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DYB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "DYB-1 is a subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamases identified from Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides. DYB-1 is associated with resistance to meropenem and ceftazidime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007860 .
obo:ARO_3003936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "omadacycline" ;
rdfs:comment "An aminomethylcycline antibiotic that targets 16s rRNA in gram positive and gram negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3005998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-798" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-798 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin F" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin F was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin F has a trisaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin E. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile. Phenelfamycin E and F are the most potent of the phenelfamycins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_0000047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "puromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from Streptomyces alboniger, that causes premature chain termination during ribosomal protein translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000080 .
obo:ARO_3007168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "avilamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Avilamycin is an experimental oligosaccharide antibiotic of the orthosomycin group of orthoester antibiotics. Along with evernimicin, it exhibits activity against a variety of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007166 .
obo:ARO_3009347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP1 with mutations conferring resistance to clotrimazole" ;
rdfs:comment "ATP1 and 2 are mitochondrial enzymes linked to ATP production. Their disruption has been shown to confer resistance to azole drugs like clotrimazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009349 .
obo:ARO_3008101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-28" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-28." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3001618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-70" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-70 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-8.4" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-8-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-399" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-399 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-639" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-639." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(41)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm41 confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3007049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(J)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(J) is an mef efflux pump protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:ARO_3000195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetB(P)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetB(P) is a tetracycline ribosomal protection protein found on the same operon as tetA(P), a tetracycline efflux protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3001137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-83" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-83 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-11" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA2" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA2 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and integrons in K. pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Corynebacterium glutamicum, C. freundii and Aeromonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3006649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-275" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-275 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX beta-lactamases are plasmid-mediated AmpC-type beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000087 .
obo:ARO_3000722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine sensitive alr" ;
rdfs:comment "Alanine racemase (alr) converts the natural L-alanine to the D-alanine required in the pentapeptide chains in peptidoglycan. It is found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3003315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Staphylococcus aureus parE resulting in fluoroquinolones resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003313 .
obo:ARO_3009623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant fungal C-5 sterol desaturase" ;
rdfs:comment "C-5 sterol desaturase is encoded by ERG3 and is an ER-membrane localized enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol, as part of the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. Under normal physiological conditions, Erg3 plays an essential role in channeling sterol intermediates toward ergosterol, the primary sterol of fungal membranes that maintains membrane fluidity, integrity, and the function of membrane-associated proteins. When azoles inhibit Erg11, toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates accumulate, and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are directly membrane-toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by compromising this toxic conversion, allowing the cell to persist under drug pressure despite being unable to synthesize ergosterol normally." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3008859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-512" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-512." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis pncA mutations conferring resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "pncA is a pyrazinamidase/nicotinamidase. It catalyzes the activation of pyrazinamide. Some mutation within pncA are associated with loss of enzyme activity, resulting in pyrazinamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003418 .
obo:ARO_3000235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant embB" ;
rdfs:comment "embB gene encodes for an arabinosyl transferase in the arabinogalactan synthesis pathway. It is inhibited by ethambutol. Mutations within the ERDR region of embB confers resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005005 .
obo:ARO_3005812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-591" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-591 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methimazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Methimazole is thiamide usually used to treat hyperthyroidism. It has also demonstrated potent inhibition of NDM-1 and synergistic effects against other metallo-beta-lactamases when paired with meropenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:RO_0012006 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "is_small_molecule_inhibitor_of" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3005940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-735" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-735 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant ethA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ethA conferring resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003456 .
obo:ARO_3006178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-14" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-14 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3002799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC1" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC1 is an integron-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-163" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-163 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant walK" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the walK gene, part of a cell wall metabolism 2-component regulatory system, confers resistance to antibiotics, specifically daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "otr(B)" ;
rdfs:comment "otr(B) is a tetracycline resistance efflux pump found in Streptomyces rimosus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef" ;
rdfs:comment "Mef efflux pumps are MFS-type transporters that confer macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefepime-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "A mixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic cefepime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3006328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-154" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-154 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-169" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-169 is an extended spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus rpoB mutants conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occurs in Staphylococcus aureus rpoB resulting in resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003090 .
obo:ARO_3006544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-165" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-165 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-10" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-10 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1017" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3007325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of NorA efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the NorA efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3008256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-128" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-128." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeL" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeL is a regulator of AdeFGH in Acinetobacter baumannii. AdeL mutations are associated with AdeFGH overexpression and multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3002332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-3" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cezomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cezomycin is a polyether divalent cation ionophore secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces chartreusis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3007877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RASA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RASA is a family of extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivate cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3003178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-42" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-42 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides chelonae 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3001362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-179" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-179 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "susceptible dose dependent antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "A bacterial strain is said to be susceptible-dose dependent (SDD) to a given antibiotic when growth is inhibited with a high likelihood of therapeutic success, but when multiple approved dosing options exist. When a higher or more frequent dose is used, the predicted therapeutic result is the same as for susceptible individuals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004440 .
obo:ARO_3001909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-47" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-47 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "THIN-B" ;
rdfs:comment "THIN-B, isolated from Janthinobacterium lividum, hydrolyzes a broad spectrum of beta-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004214 .
obo:ARO_3008020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-310" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-310." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes that inactivate fosfomycin by chemical modification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3001856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CFE-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CFE-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clometocillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Clometocillin is a penicillin that is benzylpenicillin in which the phenylacetyl group has been replaced by a (3,4-dichlorophenyl)(methoxy)acetyl group. It is a semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3004731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zabofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens. Showed the most potent in vitro and in vivo activities against drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. One of the most potent antibacterial agent against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in a murine systemic infection model." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3008473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1055" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1055." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3007206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KBL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "KBL-1 is a KBL class A beta-lactamase that confers resistance to a number of penicillin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007205 .
obo:ARO_3003526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3009525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PME beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PME beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Gammaproteobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis whib7 mutations confer resistance to kanamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in whib7 that can contribute to or confer resistance to kanamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004966 .
obo:ARO_3006216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-21" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-21 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3009381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible myosin-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Myosin V is an actin-based molecular motor that moves along actin filaments to transport organelles and vesicles within cells by hydrolyzing ATP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009321 .
obo:ARO_3007077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of MsrA efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Molecules and compounds that decrease resistance by inhibiting the action of the MrsA efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3004479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-664" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp. efficiently inactivating carbapenems and amoxicillin conferring resistance to cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-144" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-144 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-10-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3003735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus fusA with mutation conferring resistance to fusidic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "The mutations to this gene are involved in altering the translation elongation factor G (EF-G) in association with the ribosome to prevent fusidic acid from binding EF-G and preventing translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003734 .
obo:ARO_3008423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1002" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1002." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-31" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-31 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Pseudomonas putida, A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3007534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arsinothricin" ;
rdfs:comment "Arsinothricin is a natural product synthesized by the rhizosphere bacterium Burkholderia gladioli GSRB05 and is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against human pathogens such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. It is a non-proteogenic amino acid and glutamate mimetic that inhibits bacterial glutamine synthetase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000551 .
obo:ARO_3008740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-963" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-963." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3004571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PNGM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PNGM-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase first identified from a deep-sea sediment meta-genome. PNGM-1 is shown to reduce susceptibility to extended- and broad-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, and penicillins. PNGM-1 is a novel metallo-beta-lactamase which predates the current antibiotic era." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004570 .
obo:ARO_3007418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(4)-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 4-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate hygromycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 4-hydroxyl group, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000155 .
obo:ARO_3006087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-896" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-896 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007735 .
obo:ARO_3004210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFH beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "This type of Subclass B2 beta-lactamases was first identified from a Serratia fonticola environmental isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000570 .
obo:ARO_3002642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-Ib is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007406 .
obo:ARO_3000655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Gentamicin B is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterial." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007382 .
obo:ARO_3008308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-182" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-182." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-39" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-39 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.17" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole resistant beta-1,3-glucan synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotic micafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007545 .
obo:ARO_3008661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1251" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-258 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1251." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3000208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycosylation of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Addition of glycosyl moiety to antibiotics thereby inactivating them." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3005717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114r" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114r is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3004825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LAP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LAP-1 is an Ambler Class A beta-lactamase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004824 .
obo:ARO_3000246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanC" ;
rdfs:comment "Confers low vancomycin resistance by engineering peptidoglycan precursors ending in D-Ala-D-Ser in an inducible or constitutive manner. The vanC cluster is intrinsic to the Enterococcus gallinarum chromosome. vanC organisms remain susceptible to teicoplanin. Gene orientation: vanC(XY)TRS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3006628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-25" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-25 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ileS)" ;
rdfs:comment "Mupirocin inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ileS). Mutations in ileS can confer low-level mupirocin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-106" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-106 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-8" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA mutations conferring resistance to moxifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA resulting in resistance to moxifloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3009496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51A with mutations associated with resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3008462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1043" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1043." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-38" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-38 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_0000055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bicyclomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007150 .
obo:ARO_3007267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.35" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefmenoxime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefmenoxime is a broad-spectrum and third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is typically used in the treatment of female gynecologic and obstetric infections. It is reported to exhibit high activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3007793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "boromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Boromycin is a bacteriocidal polyether-macrolide antibiotic initially isolated from the Streptomyces antibioticus. It is effective against most Gram-positive bacteria, but is ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3009522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei cyp51 with mutations associated with resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BSU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BSU-1 is a BSU beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005394 .
obo:ARO_3002788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrD1" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrD1 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-Ic is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007384 .
obo:ARO_3002759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB44" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB44 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-263" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-263 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-112" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-112 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridium perfringens mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000863 .
obo:ARO_3007414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3'')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3''-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate streptomycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3''-hydroxyl group, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000127 .
obo:ARO_3001310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kirromycin-like antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Kirromycin-like antibiotics bind to the domain 1,2 interface of elongation factor Tu. This interaction maintains the EF-Tu*GTP conformation even after GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. EF-Tu*GDP normally releases aa-tRNA and then exits the ribosome; however, kirromycin*EF-Tu*GDP*aa-tRNA forms a strong complex and remains bound to the ribosome, prohibits translocation of the peptide chain and translation is halted." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001219 .
obo:ARO_3001379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-202" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-202 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "patricin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Patricin B is a streptogramin B antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3006954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MYO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MYO-1 is a MYO beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005426 .
obo:ARO_3007866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BMHC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BMHC is a family of subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase enzymes which confer resistance to carbapenem antibiotics through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_0000079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clavulanic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor (marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, formerly Beecham) combined with penicillin group antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. It is used to overcome resistance in bacteria that secrete beta-lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007130 .
obo:ARO_3001877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-14" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-14 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FusF" ;
rdfs:comment "A fusidic acid resistance determinant in Staphylococcus cohnii. This protein behaves akin to FusB as it is a FusB-type protein. It mediates dissociation of EF-G from the ribosome thus counteracting the action of Fusidic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005086 .
obo:ARO_3007918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-153" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-153." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-81" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-81 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_0000051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by many Streptomyces. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3007899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-117" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-117." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-143" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-143 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-308" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-308 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "KLUC-2 is a KLUC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005417 .
obo:ARO_3005272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-242" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-242 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-198" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-198 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)" ;
rdfs:comment "Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), in microbiology, is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3006797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-427" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-427 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-173" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-173 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-60" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-60 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-295" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-295 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3006835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-469" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-469 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-176" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-176 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-388" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-388 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorpromazine" ;
rdfs:comment "Chlorpromazine is a medication used to treat disorders such as schizophrenia. It is also able to inhibit bacterial antibiotic efflux pumps such as AcrAB-TolC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007322 .
obo:ARO_3007256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.23" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-448" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-448 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3000962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-95" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-95 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-176" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-176." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "wild-type" ;
rdfs:comment "A microbe whose susceptibility to antibiotics is comparable to that of a reference susceptible microbe, meaning that the microbe is sensitive to the particular antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004431 .
obo:ARO_3001813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-55" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 is a beta-lactamase found in Shewanella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3007900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-118" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-118." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB5" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB5 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-27" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-27 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3003623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-467" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-467 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-44" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-44 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-130" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-130 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-185" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-185." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-338" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-338 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-938" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-938 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lividomycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 , obo:ARO_3000658 .
obo:ARO_3002817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carA" ;
rdfs:comment "carA is an ABC-F subfamily protein involved in macrolide resistance. It is found in Streptomyces thermotolerans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3003960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "farAB" ;
rdfs:comment "farAB is an MFS efflux pump found in gonococci that is involved in antibacterial fatty acid resistance. Moreover, expression of the tandemly linked farA and farB genes was positively associated with the presence of the MtrR transcriptional regulatory protein that normally downregulates the expression of mtrCDE." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanXY gene in vanL cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXYL, is a vanXY variant found in the vanL gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000496 .
obo:ARO_3008315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-189" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-189." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "restructuring of bacterial cell wall conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Peptidoglycan precursors ending in D-Ala-D-Lac or D-Ala-D-Ser instead of D-Ala-D-Ala conferring high level glycopeptide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001001 .
obo:ARO_3001687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-316" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-316 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanI" ;
rdfs:comment "VanI is a D-Ala-D-Lac ligase that reduces vancomycin binding affinity, helping to confer vancomycin resistance as part of the VanI resistance gene cluster in Desulfitobacterium spp. and Desulfosporosinus spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3006596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-219" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-219 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-913" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-913 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-598" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-598 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-952" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-952." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3002405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-10" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-10 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute (Genopole) list of OXY beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3000873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-1 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in many Gram-negative bacteria. Confers resistance to penicillins and first generation cephalosphorins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BIM-1 is an ambler molecular class B beta-lactamase. It confers resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007858 .
obo:ARO_3006943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT-1 is a LUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005421 .
obo:ARO_3007549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ergosterol biosynthesis pathway transcription factor" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal sterol regulatory element binding proteins are transcription factors that modulate antibiotic-susceptible genes. Mutations in these proteins confer resistance to antifungal drug compounds through differential gene regulation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007610 .
obo:ARO_3005147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-50" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-50 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-19" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3007425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein(s) conferring resistance via host-dependent nutrient acquisition" ;
rdfs:comment "Proteins involved in the uptake of host-nutrients to bypass antibiotic resistance mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3008451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1030" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1030." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-32" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-32 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SME-3" ;
rdfs:comment "SME-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000055 .
obo:ARO_3005121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lsaD" ;
rdfs:comment "The lsa(D) gene represents an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in Lactococcus garvieae. It confers resistance to Streptogramins A, Pleuromutilins and Lincosamides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004472 .
obo:ARO_3000642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefadroxil" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefadroxil, or p-hydroxycephalexin, is an cephalosporin antibiotic similar to cefalexin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3004245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosC phosphotransferase family" ;
rdfs:comment "The fosC family of phosphotransferases phosphorylate fosfomycin to confer resistance and have been found in various bacterial isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000359 .
obo:ARO_3007055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori rdxA mutation conferring resistance to metronidazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The rdxA gene in Helicobacter pylori encodes an NADPH nitroreductase. Mutations in this gene are associated with metronidazole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007056 .
obo:ARO_3006331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-157" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-157 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexZ" ;
rdfs:comment "MexZ is a transcriptional regulator that downregulates the mexXY multidrug transporter operon, which confers to aminoglycoside resistance on Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3001698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-188" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-188 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-17" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-17 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1308" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1308." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-131" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-131 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-34" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-34 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrolide esterase" ;
rdfs:comment "Hydrolytic enzymes that cleave the macrocycle lactone ring of macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000201 .
obo:ARO_3001384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-207" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-207 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance determinant not in strain" ;
rdfs:comment "Without any experimental protocol, the resistance determinant is absent from the strain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3002185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-6" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3002010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-153" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-153 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-501" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-501." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-463" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-463 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-57" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-57 is a class A carbenicillin-hydrolyzing CARB-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3003820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mgrB" ;
rdfs:comment "mgrB is a small transmembrane protein produced in the PhoPQ signalling system. It acts as a negative regulator in this system. Inactivation or down-regulation of mgrB confers colistin resistance by absence as shown in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007684 .
obo:ARO_3001501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-252" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-252 is a beta-lactamase found in Shewanella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1240" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1240." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3003000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CfxA beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-76" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-76 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-63-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-63." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3003570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin H" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainin H is is a synthetic analog of magainin 1, an antimicrobial peptide. It differs from magainin B with the substitution of D-alanine instead of L-alanine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000694 .
obo:ARO_3003250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bcrC" ;
rdfs:comment "The bcrC gene product (BcrC) is an undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase originally isolated from Bacillus subtilis. When overexpressed it can confer resistance to bacitracin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003398 .
obo:ARO_3005799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-578" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-578 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3001415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-20" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-20 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A30" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3002986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacA" ;
rdfs:comment "The bacA gene product (BacA) recycles undecaprenyl pyrophosphate during cell wall biosynthesis which confers resistance to bacitracin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003398 .
obo:ARO_3004736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL-3" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL-3 is a beta-lactamase gene found in Staphylococcus arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004742 .
obo:ARO_3000050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracycline antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PatA-PatB" ;
rdfs:comment "PatA-PatB is an efflux protein complex that is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Experiments indicate that PatA and PatB form a heterodimeric transporter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3008964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-617" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-617." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-4" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-4 is an integron-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3006881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-8" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-8 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3005922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-715" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-715 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-261" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-261 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007149 .
obo:ARO_3009570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide variant detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene has been detected in the query but encodes a nucleotide variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3008975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-628" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-628." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-40" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-40 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-227" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-227 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-925" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-925 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BLMT" ;
rdfs:comment "BLMT is a bleomycin (Bm) resistance protein, encoded by the ble gene on the transposon Tn5. This protein confers a survival advantage to Escherichia coli host cells. BLMT confers resistance to bleomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004256 .
obo:ARO_3005418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases found in Laribacter hongkongensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3008190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-65" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase GES-65." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:NCIT_85596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial gradient method (E-test)" ;
rdfs:comment "A method to determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics in which a plastic strip impregnated with the antibiotic of interest is placed on an agar plate that has been inoculated with bacteria. The antibiotic diffuses from the strip producing a concentration gradient of drug on the agar. The point at which the elliptical shaped area of growth inhibition meets the strip is the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug of interest." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004391 .
obo:ARO_3006268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-74" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-74 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TER beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "TER beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Raoultella terrigena." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3000693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "defensin" ;
rdfs:comment "Defensins are natural cationic peptides that have antibiotic properties. It is part of the innate immune system of plants and animals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3003784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis intrinsic murA conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycobacterium tuberculosis murA confers intrinsic resistance to fosfomycin. The presence of an aspartic acid residue in place of the critical cysteine at position 117 that enables fosfomycin binding is believed to be responsible for this intrinsic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002811 .
obo:ARO_3005021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfr(D)" ;
rdfs:comment "cfr(D) is found in Enterococcus faecium. It confers resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005020 .
obo:ARO_3009171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxpoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "An agricultural fungicide that inhibits the pathway leading to the synthesis of ergosterol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3002166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3000574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR" ;
rdfs:comment "VanR is a OmpR-family transcriptional activator in the VanSR regulatory system. When activated by VanS, it promotes cotranscription of VanA, VanH, and VanX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002905 .
obo:ARO_3004082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrAD-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrAD-TolC efflux pump system in E. coli from the resistance-nodulation-division family, was shown to participate in the efflux of aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrofuran antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitrofurans are chemotherapeutic agents with antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3003304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium leprae gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Mycobacterium leprae gyrB resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3002004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-146" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-146 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "6-desmethylsideroxylin" ;
rdfs:comment "6-desmethylsideroxylin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3002439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-6" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3007066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mg/L" ;
rdfs:comment "Milligrams per Litre (mg/L)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004372 .
obo:ARO_3001816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Hafnia alvei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3005208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-222" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant polyketide synthase genes" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes ppsA-E constitute an operon encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phthiocerol dimycocerosate and other lipids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations within this region can result in resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-17" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-17 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3000986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-124" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-124 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Morganella morganii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1087" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1087." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3005739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-509" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-509 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-72" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-72 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-60" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-60 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-243" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-243 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium intracellulare 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to azithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycobaccterium avium shown to confer resistance to azithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3001336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-98" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-98 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-28" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-28 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-532" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-532 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-52" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-52 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prulifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Prulifloxacin is a 6-fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a C-2 sulfur atom. It is hydrolyzed by esterases to produce the active compound Ulifloxacin. The active compound has broad spectrum activity against most Gram-negative bacteria. Prulifloxacin displays strong bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and persister cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3007585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin E" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3006754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-385" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-385 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FKS2 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3005621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-198" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-198 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "UK-69,753" ;
rdfs:comment "UK-69,753 is a glycosylated form of factumycin. The disaccharide moiety of UK-69,753 is virtually identical to that of efrotomycin, another member of this class of antibiotics. UK-69,753 has been shown to have strong in vitro and in vivo activity toward a swine pathogen, Treponema hyodysenteriae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3009355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal non-ergosterol membrane lipid synthesis enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "The majority of membrane manifestations of antifungal resistance are associated with ergosterol, but there are few instances of non-ergosterol membrane lipid synthesizing enzymes that, when exploited, confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3006802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-433" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-433 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis drmA with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "drmA is an uncharacterized 6-pass membrane protein, with mutations to the protein causing modest resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003814 .
obo:ARO_3007571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefquinome" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefquinome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with pharmacological and antibacterial properties valuable in the treatment of coliform mastitis and other infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009108 .
obo:ARO_3002444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-11" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-123" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-123 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-203" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-203." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 mutants conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant PBP4 in Staphylococcus aureus conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3001426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-32" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-32 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3000055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SME beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SME beta-lactamases are chromosome-mediated class A beta-lactamases that hydrolyze carbapenems in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-77" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-51" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-51 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1035" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1035." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1167" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1167." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase DfrA43" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA43 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistance to Trimethoprim. Originially described by Shi YZ et al, 2016, and isolated from Proteus penneri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3009439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3006160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-31" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-31 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3003568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainin B is is a synthetic analog of magainin 1, an antimicrobial peptide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000694 .
obo:ARO_3006599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-22" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-22 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-34" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-34 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1218" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1218." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clinical source" ;
rdfs:comment "Strain isolated in a clinical setting (e.g., from a patient)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004532 .
obo:ARO_3000732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive Isoleucyl-tRNA transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Isoleucyl-tRNA transferase recognizes isoleucine codons and works with the ribosome to incorporate isoleucine amino acids into polypeptide chains. It can be targeted by antibiotics that have an analog of isoleucine through competitive inhibition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3002015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-4" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-90" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-90 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-225" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-854" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-854 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Planobispora rosea EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Planobispora rosea elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001312 .
obo:ARO_3001488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-216" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-216 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EBR-2" ;
rdfs:comment "EBR-2 is a novel EBR-like class B beta-lactamase isolated from an extensively drug-resistant strain of Empedobacter falsenii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004204 .
obo:ARO_3006414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-244" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-244 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chrysomycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Chrysomycin A (ChryA) is a benzonaphthopyranone glycoside with rapid bactericidal activity that is highly active against S. aureus persisters, robustly eradicates biofilms in vitro, and shows a sustainable killing efficacy in vivo. Chrysomycin A belongs to the coumarin class of antibiotics which are known to bind gyrase subunit B and inhibit the enzyme function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3000256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanM" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to vanA, contains a D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. The plasmid-located vanM gene cluster is inducible and confers high resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Gene orientation: RSYHMX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3005255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-224" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-224 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0191 mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv0191 gene contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004980 .
obo:ARO_3007986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-270" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-270." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-40" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-40 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3006526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-149" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-149 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-250" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-250." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecB" ;
rdfs:comment "mecB encodes an alternative PBP2b protein involved in bacterial cell wall formation. These proteins are acquired by lateral gene transfer and commonly associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These proteins have lower affinity for penicillin-like antibiotics and therefore are able to perform peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009312 .
obo:ARO_3007122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(O/W/32/O)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(O/W/32/O) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3004973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant ppsA" ;
rdfs:comment "Involved in the elongation of either C22-24 fatty acids by the addition of malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA extender units to yield phthiocerol derivatives. Mutations in the gene may confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004972 .
obo:ARO_3006057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-865" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-865 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-194" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-194 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal genome maintenance and DNA replication proteins" ;
rdfs:comment "General exploitations to DNA related processes can confer antifungal resistance, inclusive of general genome maintenance and DNA replication." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3008596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1178" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-58 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1178." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3008912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-565" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-565." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-276" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-276." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloheximide" ;
rdfs:comment "Cycloheximide appears as colorless crystals that can be used as a fungicide and as a anticancer drug. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus and has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an anticoronaviral agent and a ferroptosis inhibitor. It is a member of piperidones, a piperidine antibiotic, a fungicide, a dicarboximide, a secondary alcohol and a cyclic ketone. It is functionally related to a piperidine-2,6-dione. Cycloheximide can cause developmental toxicity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3009105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "first-generation cephalosporin" ;
rdfs:comment "First-generation cephalosporin antibiotics include those with a relatively narrow spectrum of activity, primarily effective against gram-positive cocci and with minimal coverage against gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000032 .
obo:ARO_3007297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARX1796" ;
rdfs:comment "ARX1796 is an orally bioavailable prodrug of avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3006063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-871" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-871 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "serine beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Serine beta-lactamase inhibitors are molecules that inhibit the function of Ambler class A, C, and D beta-lactamases, preventing the inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by these enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000042 .
obo:ARO_3001761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-306" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-306 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3005610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-187" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-187 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanE" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to VanC, contains a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase. The chromosome-located vanE gene cluster is inducible and confers low resistance to vancomycin. vanE organisms remain susceptible to teicoplanin. Gene orientation: E(XY)TRS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3006226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CepA-49" ;
rdfs:comment "CepA-49 is a CepA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004192 .
obo:ARO_3004194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.2" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-borne novel MCR-1 functional variant detected in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate collected from a rectal swab in Italy. MCR-1.2 differs from MCR-1 by a single amino acid substitution from Glutamine to Leucine at position 3 in the N-terminal region. Described by DiPilato et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA2" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA2 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible cytochrome b" ;
rdfs:comment "cytochrome b is integral to the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and is susceptible to some antifungal compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009199 .
obo:ARO_3009010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A31" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A31." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3001440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-115" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-115 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-156" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-156 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "5-fluorocytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "An antifungal compound that is converted into fluorouracil inside cells, thereby impairing the synthesis of proteins and DNA. This drug should almost always be used in combination with amphotericin B for systemic fungal infections, but the ratio is important since flucytosine can increase the toxicity of amphotericin B and vice versa. Flucytosine is typically indicated for Candida and Cryptococcus infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3006615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-237" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-237 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-526" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-526." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.11" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin resistance gene variant differing by 2 amino acid substitutions, identified from an Escherichia coli isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-170" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-170 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpeB" ;
rdfs:comment "LpeB is a subunit of the LpeAB efflux pump in Legionella pneumophila, which is homologous to AcrB in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-67" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-67 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-B4" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-B4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007874 .
obo:ARO_3000369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MtrCDE" ;
rdfs:comment "The mtr (multiple transferable resistance) system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae confers resistance to many hydrophobic agents including antibiotics, fatty-acids and detergents. MtrCDE is homologous to AcrAB-TolC, where MtrC is the membrane fusion protein, MtrD is the inner membrane transporter, and MtrE is the outer membrane channel protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3007347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "8-desmethylsideroxylin" ;
rdfs:comment "8-desmethylsideroxylin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3005296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-272" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-272 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal BycA" ;
rdfs:comment "Transcribed BycA is a protein that influences the morphological state of fungi by unrestricting Protein Kinase A (PKA). Under normal conditions calcineurin acts as the master regulator by suppressing the transcription of the bycA gene at the mRNA level. By keeping BycA levels minimized, downstream PKA activity remains low which ultimately permits virulent hyphal growth in fungi. When calcineurin is inhibited the transcriptional suppression on the bycA promoter is immediately lifted. This ultimately causes the fungal cell to bind extracellular amino acids leading to a conformational change that forces the fungus into a yeast-locked, avirulent state." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 .
obo:ARO_3006194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-65" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-65 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmD" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-46" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-46 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007720 .
obo:ARO_3006824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-457" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-457 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-448" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-448 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum acutatum Cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Alkalihalobacillus clausii chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in Alkalihalobacillus clausii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3001046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-186" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-186 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1009" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1009." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-94" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-94 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-120" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-120 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-164" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-164 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-198" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-198 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007703 .
obo:ARO_3008613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1201" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1201." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-396" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-396 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant clpC1" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the clp protease subunit clpC1 that increases resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-42" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-42 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3004183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminosalicylate resistant dihydrofolate reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic target replacement dihydrofolate reductase enzymes or domains with catalytic activity that confer resistance to aminosalicylates, esp. p-aminosalicylic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003425 .
obo:ARO_3005305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-104" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-104 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to paromomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of helix 44, in the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to paromomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3009130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pivampicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pivampicillin is a semisynthetic, orally active pivalate ester of ampicillin with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3009371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "echinocandin resistant MRPL" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in fungal MRP proteins can result in resistance against the echinocandin class of antifungal compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009370 .
obo:ARO_3002996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LCR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LCR beta-lactamases are a class D beta-lactamase that hydrolyze a variety of penams and some cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3006551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-171" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-171 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexV" ;
rdfs:comment "MexV is the membrane fusion protein of the MexVW-OprM multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009151 .
obo:ARO_3007033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(51)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(51) is an Erm ribosomal RNA methyltransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3009630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible USX1 UDP-xylose synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "UDP-xylose synthase is involved the synthesis of extracellular capsules in some fungi. It also is responsible for the presence of Fcy2 enzyme in the cell membrane, which is the site of import for the antifungal 5-flucytosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009628 .
obo:ARO_3009309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal MFS family" ;
rdfs:comment "MFS is one of the two major subtypes of fungal efflux pumps that is associated with conferring antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catA1" ;
rdfs:comment "catA1 (formerly in CARD as catI) is a chromosome and transposon-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3007519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "econazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Econazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is often used to treat tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea corporis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3002428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-11" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetA(P)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetA(P) is a inner membrane tetracycline efflux protein found on the same operon as the ribosomal protection protein TetB(P). It is found in Clostridium, a Gram-positive bacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(X1)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracycline resistance gene tet(X) ortholog described by Fang et al. 2020." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3006888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GIL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GIL-1 is a GIL beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005413 .
obo:ARO_3002455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-2" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis gdpD with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "gdpD is a glycerolphosphodiesterase whose mutations confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003802 .
obo:ARO_3004276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(2'')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 2''-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000218 .
obo:ARO_3004581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(48)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3002005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-147" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-147 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-755" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-755 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg1 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3004336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-73" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sesamin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sesamin is a compound isolated from sesame oil and bark from plants in the Zanthoxylum genus. It has been shown to inhibit the action of the MsrA drug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007077 .
obo:ARO_3002748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB33" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB33 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSD2-2" ;
rdfs:comment "RSD2-2 is a RSD2 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005441 .
obo:ARO_3003189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB77" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB77 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kirromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Kirromycin, also known as mocimycin, is the representative molecule of its own class of elfamycins which is composed of more than 10 analogs. Kirromycin binds to the domain 1,2 interface of elongation factor Tu. This interaction maintains the EF-Tu*GTP conformation even after GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. EF-Tu*GDP normally releases aa-tRNA and then exits the ribosome; however, kirromycin*EF-Tu*GDP*aa-tRNA forms a strong complex and remains bound to the ribosome, prohibits translocation of the peptide chain and translation is halted." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3009607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pichia kudriavzevii Fks1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3001574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-388" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-388 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible AIF1" ;
rdfs:comment "Aif1 is responsible for the induction of apoptosis in fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009361 .
obo:ARO_3001516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-328" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-328 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-240" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase SHV-240." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfadoxine" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfadoxine is an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3003376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' major domain of the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3003333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsC) mutation conferring resistance to kasugamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor, 3' major, and central domains in the rrsC 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to kasugamicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ubiA" ;
rdfs:comment "Decaprenylphosphoryl-5-phosphoribose (DPPR) synthase involved in arabinogalactan synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant F420 biosynthesis protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistant variants of proteins associated with Coenzyme F420 biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "furazolidone" ;
rdfs:comment "Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibiotic that is a non-ionic synthetic compound. It is taken orally and is active against many enteric pathogens. Furazolidone also has antiprotozoal activity and acts by inhibiting monoamine oxidase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004116 .
obo:ARO_3006747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-377" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-377 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA24" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA24 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-258" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-258 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-64" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-64 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-82" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-82 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-25" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3001613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-64" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-64 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lassomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "A ribosomally synthesized cyclic peptide antibiotic. Lassomycin has been shown to be effective against drug-resistant mycobacteria but shows little activity against other bacteria. Lassomycin targets and binds to a region of the ClpC1 ATPase complex and uncouples ATPase from proteolytic activity, an essential function for mycobacterial viability, causing cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 , obo:ARO_3009658 .
obo:ARO_0000018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "viomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Viomycin sulfate (Viocin) is an polypeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It is produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces puniceus and binds to the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting prokaryotic protein synthesis and certain forms of RNA splicing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3006342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-170" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-170 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cdeA" ;
rdfs:comment "Clostridioides difficile and Escherichia coli multidrug efflux transporter with antiporter function. Confers resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli and acriflavin in Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3008682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1272" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1272." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacitracin F" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacitracin F is a component of bacitracin, an antibiotic mixture that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is formed when the thiazoline ring of bacitracin A is oxidatively deaminated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000041 .
obo:ARO_3001207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene involved in antibiotic sequestration" ;
rdfs:comment "A gene whose product inactivates an antibiotic by formation of a complex, preventing interaction of the antibiotic with its target." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3001512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-324" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-324 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-229" ;
rdfs:comment "Broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase SHV-229." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum siamense beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the strobilurin class of antifungal pesticides which target mitochondrial cellular respiration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009472 .
obo:ARO_3000758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosmidomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fosmidomycin is an inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, an enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid synthesis. It is active against enterobacteria, but not against Gram-positive bacteria or anaerobes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007149 .
obo:ARO_3004903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant mshB" ;
rdfs:comment "mshB is a deacetylase that is involved in the second step of mycothiol synthesis. GlcNAc-Ins is deacetylated by MshB to produce GlcN-Ins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004902 .
obo:ARO_3002054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-43" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-43 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PJM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase PJM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007373 .
obo:ARO_3005534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-20" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-20 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3005783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-559" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-559 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "retapamulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Retapamulin is a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic approved for the treatment of skin infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000670 .
obo:ARO_3000230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(2'')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "Plasmid or integron-encoded nucleotidylylation of 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides at the hydroxyl group at position 2'' in P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, E. coli, S. typhimurium, C. freundii and A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007405 .
obo:ARO_3008602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1186" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-198 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1186." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007703 .
obo:ARO_3004208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "DIM type beta-lactamases were first identified from a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas stutzeri strain isolated from a Dutch patient. Encoded in mobile elements, these MBLs significantly hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3005856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-635" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-635 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3007872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAD beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PAD is a family of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivate beta-lactam and carbapenem antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-717" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-717 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-14" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-14 is a OXY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3006024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-827" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-827 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3002370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3000968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-105" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-105 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene(s) or protein(s) associated with polymyxin resistance operon" ;
rdfs:comment "Various genes and proteins involved in intrinsic polymyxin resistance operons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3003063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ykkC" ;
rdfs:comment "ykkC is an SMR-type protein that is a subunit of the ykkCD efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-227" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-225" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-225 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-97" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-97 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS11" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS11 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-218" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-218 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Valinomycin is a depsipeptide antibiotic which selectively translocates potassium across biologic membranes. This potassium ionophore was observed to inhibit phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blastogenesis and proliferation in human lymphocytes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3003716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CPS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CPS-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Chyseobacterium piscium exhibiting carbapenem resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004221 .
obo:ARO_3005603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-180" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-180 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dalbavancin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dalbavancin is a semisynthetic second-generation lipoglycopeptide derived from teicoplanin. It binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors. It is used to treat Gram-positive bacteria and can be used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3007545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant beta-1,3-glucan synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase enzymes which include mutations to confer resistance to antifungal drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg2 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3002595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-IIb" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-IIb is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. fluorescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007396 .
obo:ARO_3004555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA32" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene identified from non-typhoidal multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3004615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-11" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-11 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3001408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-13" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-13 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3006701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-331" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-331 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-10" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3004159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma gallisepticum 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA (domain V) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum can confer resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics (tiamulin and valnemulin). The mutants also show cross-resistance to lincomycin, chloramphenicol and florfenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004178 .
obo:ARO_3003023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB6" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrB6 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3009590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3000386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexAB-OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "MexAB-OprM is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexA is the membrane fusion protein; MexB is the inner membrane transporter; and OprM is the outer membrane channel. MexAB-OprM is associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, novobiocin, and certain β-lactams and lastly over-expression is linked to colistin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3002726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB12" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB12 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter werkmanii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trichophyton rubrum mfs1 with mutations conferring resistance to miconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3004224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPG beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SPG beta-lactamases are a family of subclass B3 (metallo-) beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3004421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "greater than standard inoculum" ;
rdfs:comment "Greater than 5 x 105 cfu/mL for broth dilution and 104 cfu/mL for agar dilution." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004417 .
obo:ARO_3001866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-3" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampicin resistant rpoC" ;
rdfs:comment "rpoC catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA and mutations confer resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003289 .
obo:ARO_3004923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis furA mutations confer resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in furA that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004897 .
obo:ARO_3006073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-881" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-881 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible actin" ;
rdfs:comment "Actin is a part of the cytoskeleton in most cellular life, inclusive of eukaryotes like fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009321 .
obo:ARO_3002589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iid" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iid is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Enterococcus durans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3005049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CrcB" ;
rdfs:comment "CrcB is part of the Camphor Resistance Protein Family. It confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3009185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Azoxystrobin (brand name Amistar, Syngenta) is widely used as a very broad spectrum fungicide in agriculture, particularly in wheat farming. It is an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, and binds very tightly to the Qo site of Complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thereby ultimately preventing the generation of ATP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009305 .
obo:ARO_3004278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Outer Membrane Porin (Opr)" ;
rdfs:comment "The Opr family consists of porins in Pseudomonas species, and other Gram-negative bacteria, that exhibit a variety of substrate selectivities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3001093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-35" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-35 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-453" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-453 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "optrA" ;
rdfs:comment "OptrA is a member of the ABC-F protein subfamily that confers resistance to oxazolidinones. The gene encoding the protein was originally isolated from a plasmid in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3001932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-71" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-71 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB28" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB28 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pleuromutilin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3009095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-91" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-91." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-697" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-697 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Phakospora pachyrhizi Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-155" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-155 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-357" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-357 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-7" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-19" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-19 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-476" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-476 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-33" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-33 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-41" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-41 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "undecaprenyl pyrophosphate related proteins" ;
rdfs:comment "Undecaprenyl phosphate is a universal lipid carrier of glycan biosynthetic intermediates for carbohydrate polymers that are exported to the bacterial cell envelope. Antibiotics that targets this compound or proteins associated with the production of this compound leads to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000012 .
obo:ARO_3002177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-12" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-12 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3004630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma genitalium parC mutations confers resistance to Moxifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycoplasma genitalium exhibits multiple mutations in parC which confers resistance to Moxifloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3004283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CarO porin" ;
rdfs:comment "The imipenum resistance-associated CarO porin family is composed of the CarO porin originally identified in Acinetobacter baumannii. The loss of these porins is associated with imipenem and meropenem multi-drug resistance. The channels formed by CarO porins show slight cation selectivity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3008951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-604" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-604." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefiderocol" ;
rdfs:comment "A siderophore cephalosporin with antibiotic activity against Gram-negative pathogens including and specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009109 .
obo:ARO_3009037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN-4" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase RAHN-4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005439 .
obo:ARO_3003693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexK" ;
rdfs:comment "MexK is the inner membrane resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter in the MexJK multidrug efflux protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-32" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-32 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA7" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA7 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in V. fluvialis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, V. cholerae and S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3004094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(48)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(48) is a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance gene identified on resistance plasmid pJW2311." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3003052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeB" ;
rdfs:comment "smeB is the inner membrane multidrug exporter of the efflux complex smeABC in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin A biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Type A streptogramins are produced by a hybrid NRPS/PKS composed of 8 NRPS modules and 2 PKS modules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000388 .
obo:ARO_3003546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsA) mutation conferring resistance to viomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsA gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to viomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003667 .
obo:ARO_3001832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-10" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive kasA" ;
rdfs:comment "kasA is a ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase that catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. It is involved in elongation of fatty acids intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of mycolic acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000716 , obo:ARO_3000872 .
obo:ARO_3007975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-259" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-259." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexCD-OprJ" ;
rdfs:comment "MexCD-OprJ is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexC is the membrane fusion protein; MexD is the inner membrane transporter; and OprJ is the outer membrane channel. MexAB-OprM is associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and macrolides. MexCD-OprJ is typically quiescent in wild-type cells, with expression following mutation of the nfxB gene that is divergently transcribed from the mexCD-oprJ operon and encodes a repressor of mexCD-oprJ expression. Expression of mexCD–oprJ is controlled by a single known regulator, the NfxB repressor encoded by the nfxB gene, which is transcribed divergently from the efflux genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3001725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-269" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-269 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanT gene in vanN cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanTN, is a vanT variant found in the vanN gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000372 .
obo:ARO_3001775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-119" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-119 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007720 .
obo:ARO_3003361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Planobispora rosea EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to inhibitor GE2270A" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Planobispora rosea elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to inhibitor GE2270A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003360 .
obo:ARO_3002517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-4 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3006253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-58" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-58 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51B with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-29a" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-29a is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3000375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmB" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmB confers the MLSb phenotype. Similar to ErmC, expression of ErmB is inducible by erythromycin. The leader peptide causes attenuation of the mRNA and stabilizes the structure preventing further translation. When erythromycin is present, it binds the leader peptide causing a change in conformation allowing for the expression of ErmB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3003012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA13" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA13 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatA" ;
rdfs:comment "vatA is a plasmid-mediated acetyltransferase found in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3006863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAK-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AAK-1 is a AAK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005387 .
obo:ARO_3007407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes which inactivate streptomycin and spectinomycin by catalyzing the transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds. These enzymes modify the 3''-hydroxyl position of streptomycin and the 9-hydroxyl position of spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004275 .
obo:ARO_3001671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-49" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-49 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3007794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vibrio vulnificus rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within the Vibrio vulnificus rpoB gene resulting in resistance to rifampin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3004881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mas" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the mas that increases resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AFM-4" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase AFM-4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005388 .
obo:ARO_3008516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1098" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1098." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strobilurin resistant beta tubulin" ;
rdfs:comment "While strobilurin fungicides target mitochondrial cellular respiration activity, mutations in beta tubulin can reduce their efficacy thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009318 .
obo:ARO_3009558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible HapE" ;
rdfs:comment "HapE codes for a transcription factor typically associated with cellular adaptation and is found within fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009363 .
obo:ARO_3007000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "STA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "STA-1 is a STA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005452 .
obo:ARO_3006969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA-2a" ;
rdfs:comment "PLA-2a is a PLA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005433 .
obo:ARO_3001845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-25" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-25 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-126" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-126 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114c" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114c is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3005180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-147" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-147 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-IIIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. aureus and Enterococcus spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007409 .
obo:ARO_3000884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-12" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-12 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal mitochondrial respiratory chain protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochrondrial electron transport chains are essential for cellular aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. These are a series of protein complexes which produce energy through the exergonic transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron receptors via redox reactions. They are associated with the citric acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism through aerobic respiration. Certain antibiotics, such as Azoxystrobin, target these proteins to block these reaction pathways to inhibit the formation of ATP, thus resulting in cell death. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antibiotic resistance by preventing the blocking mechanism of these antifungal drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3006368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-199" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-199 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphE" ;
rdfs:comment "mphE is a macrolide phosphotransferase and resistance gene identified on a plasmid, pRSB105." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3009500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-25" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-25 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3008139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-249" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-249." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-7" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-7 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3001183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-141" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-141 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-373" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-373 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bacillus pumilus cat86" ;
rdfs:comment "cat86 is a chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Bacillus pumilus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3001891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-29" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-29 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoB with mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occurs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoB resulting in resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3000596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmX" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmX is a rRNA methyltransferase that protects the ribosome from inactivation due to antibiotic binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-218" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-218 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-45" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-45 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3002000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-142" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-142 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-108" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-108 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-211" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-211." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-362" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-362 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3007353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myricitrin" ;
rdfs:comment "Myricitrin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3005155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-23" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-23 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-368" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-368 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas sobria. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3001148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-96" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-96 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-670" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-670 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-2" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3001628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-93" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-93 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-753" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-753 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-36" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-36 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-79" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-79 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CPS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CPS beta-lactamases are a subclass B3 family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3004750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BES Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BES beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.3" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1 polymyxin resistance gene variant identified from a poultry Raoultella planticola isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-7" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-7 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3002206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-15" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-15 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ArmR" ;
rdfs:comment "ArmR, a 53-amino-acid antirepressor, allosterically inhibits MexR dimer-DNA binding by occupying a hydrophobic binding cavity within the center of the MexR dimer. ArmR up-regulation and MexR-ArmR complex formation have previously been shown to upregulate MexAB-OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:RO_0002407 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "indirectly_positively_regulates" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3004075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MuxC" ;
rdfs:comment "MuxC is one of the two necessary RND components of the MuxABC-OpmB efflux pumps system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-59" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-59 is a beta-lactamase found in Burkholderia pseudomallei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007718 .
obo:ARO_3003581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter mutant Lpx gene conferring resistance to colistin" ;
rdfs:comment "These genes are involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A in Gram-negative bacteria and mutations to this gene may cause resistance to antimicrobial peptides that target the outer membrane. Mutation by absence or insertion of ISAba11 sequence is a known cause of resistance in Acinetobacter baumanniiâ–¿." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000012 .
obo:ARO_3008639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1229" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1229." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Halobacterium halobium 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to chloramphenicol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Halobacterium halobium shown to confer resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004188 .
obo:ARO_3005351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DfrA39" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA39 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3006857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-5" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH-5 is a CMH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3005935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-730" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-730 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3008918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-571" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-571." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "astromicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Astromicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3006548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-169" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-169 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-4" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA-4 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3007234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.23" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flomoxef" ;
rdfs:comment "Flomoxef is an oxacephem antibiotic which was effective in preventing the growth of all ESBL-producing strains and is widely active against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. It is sometimes classified as a second-generation or fourth-generation cephalosporin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3006324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-150" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-150 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-63" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 is a beta-lactamase found in Brachyspira spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3002506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-7" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-7 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GES beta-lactamases or Guiana extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are related to the other plasmid-located class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3009406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycosphaerella fijiensis Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to propiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of aminocoumarin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3001205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BRP(MBL)" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel bleomycin resistance protein encoded by a metallo-beta-lactamase-associated ble gene. Expression of BRP(MBL) confers resistance to bleomycin and bleomycin-like antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, where it is co-expressed with an MBL and controlled by the same promoter region." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004256 .
obo:ARO_3004775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CME-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CME-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene belonging to Chryseobacterium meningosepticum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004774 .
obo:ARO_3002101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-88" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-88 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-8" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imipenem-cloxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing beta-lactam penam antibiotic cloxacillin and the beta-lactam carbapenam antibiotic imipenam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3001563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-377" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-377 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-162" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-162." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftizoxime" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftizoxime is a third-generation cephalosporin and broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. Ceftizoxime causes bacterial cell lysis through peptidoglycan cross-linking inhibition by binding to PBPs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3005069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rsmA" ;
rdfs:comment "rsmA is a gene that regulates virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, its negative effect on MexEF-OprN overexpression has been noted to confer resistance to various antibiotics. It's Escherichia coli homolog is csrA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3005226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-208" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pyogenes folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Streptococcus pyogenes dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003415 .
obo:ARO_3009224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Histoplasma capsulatum Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg11 encodes a protein lanosterol-14a-demethylase, which is integral to ergosterol biosynthesis. In fungi, a mutation to this gene can result in conferred resistance to azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-13" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-13 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3004396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mechanism-specific test" ;
rdfs:comment "Test that directly detect the presence of a particular resistance mechanism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3009612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FSK1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3007809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA mutations conferring resistance to levofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA resulting in resistance to levofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3004710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefotaxime-clavulanic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephalosporin antibiotic cefotaxime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3007096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methotrexate" ;
rdfs:comment "Methotrexate is an antifolate chemotherapeutic and immune suppressant used to treat a wide variety of cancers and autoimmune diseases. It has been shown to inhibit the action of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3007241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.29" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "colistin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_0000067 .
obo:ARO_0000066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clindamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic that blocks A-site aminoacyl-tRNA binding. It is usually used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria but can also be used to treat some protozoal diseases, such as malaria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000017 .
obo:ARO_3007402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-94" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-94 is a mutated carbapenemase allele found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-240" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-240 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-523" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-523." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CDD-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CDD-2 is a CDD beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005396 .
obo:ARO_3002117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-105" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-105 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CIA is a class A beta-lactamase gene family found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-350" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-350." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-111" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-111 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli and P. mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluxapyroxad" ;
rdfs:comment "This compound is used to control a number of cereal fungal pathogens including those belonging to the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Zygomycetes families." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009539 .
obo:ARO_3006245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-50" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-50 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant MRPL" ;
rdfs:comment "MRP proteins are Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins, that as the name suggests, encode proteins that can be found exclusively in the ribosomes within mitochondria. In addition to translation, they also play a role in metabolism. In humans, mutations in some of these proteins can result in metabolic disorders. In fungi, mutations in these proteins can confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-32" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-32." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3000115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit parE" ;
rdfs:comment "ParE is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, which decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow access to genes for transcription or translation. Mutations in ParE prevents antibiotics from inhibiting DNA synthesis, thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000370 .
obo:ARO_3005751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-521" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-521 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to GE2270A" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Enterococcus faecium elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to GE2270A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003875 .
obo:ARO_3005867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-651" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-651 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3004267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant pncA" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in pncA prevent the enzyme from activating antibiotics, such as pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans TAC1 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters. Mutations to Tac1 can result in resistance against azole drugs. These types of mutations are noted to cause a loss of heterozygosity in TAC1 through mitotic recombination of the left arm of Chromosome 5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009298 .
obo:ARO_3004806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-14" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-14 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')-If" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoglycoside 2''-phosphotransferase identified from the gram-negative pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. APH(2'')-If was shown to confer resistance to 4,6-disubstituted antibiotics kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin and sisomicin through antibiotic phosphorylation. Described by Toth et al. 2013." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000128 .
obo:ARO_3009196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal cell wall synthesis enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucosyltransferase enzymes found in fungal organisms which are known targets for antifungal drugs, such as beta-1,3-glucan synthase. Antifungal medications such as echinocandins and caspofungin selectively target and inhibit these enzymes, preventing the formation of vital oligosaccharides and polysaccharides and thereby resulting in cell death. Mutations in these enzymes may prohibit antifungal binding and activity, thus associated with antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3007139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cordycepin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cordycepin is an experimental nucleoside antibiotic which has been shown to exhibit activity against H. pylori. It is produced by the Cordyceps fungus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3000158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide and falls under the subclass of azalide. Like other macrolides, azithromycin binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The nitrogen substitution at the C-9a position prevents its degradation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3006163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-34" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-34 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3000743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase" ;
rdfs:comment "This reductoisomerase is found in an alternate isoprenoid synthase pathway that is mevalonate independent. Isoprenoids are important precursors to many other macromolecules. This non-mevalonate pathway is used by plants and most bacteria, including mycobacteria, but not eukaryotes, allowing for selectivea action. Staphylococcus aureus and some other Gram-positive bacteria use a mevalonate-dependent pathway, and are resistant against 1-deoxy-D-xylose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000715 .
obo:ARO_3009547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strobilurin resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is integral to fungal metabolism inclusive of sterol biosynthesis. Strobilurin fungicides target the Qo site of cytochrome b in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, inhibiting respiration and ATP production. Although strobilurins do not directly target P450 enzymes, mutations in certain fungal P450s can confer strobilurin resistance by altering cellular metabolism, detoxification pathways, or membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3005462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EBR-4" ;
rdfs:comment "EBR-4 is a EBR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004204 .
obo:ARO_3001499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-240" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-240 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-47" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-47 is a NDM metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-58" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-58 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-87" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to tobramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3007814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-77" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-77 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-128" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-128 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-165" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-165." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-959" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-959." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3002217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-26" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-26 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-52" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-52 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-211" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lasalocid A" ;
rdfs:comment "Lasalocid is an antibacterial agent and a coccidiostat, which is produced by strains of Streptomyces lasaliensis. Lasalocid is able to make neutral complexes with monovalent and divalent cations and transport them through apolar phase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005171 .
obo:ARO_3004844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-41" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase identified from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3001607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-416" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-416 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-429" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-429 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus mprF with mutation conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within Staphylococcus aureus mprF gene resulting in resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003091 .
obo:ARO_3001809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-209" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-209 is a beta-lactamase found in Riemerella anatipestifer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-231" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-231." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metal transporters with antibiotic efflux" ;
rdfs:comment "Efflux pumps also regulate the level of metal ions in the cytoplasm but are toxic when in excess. Metals often act as a facilitator in the proliferation and persistence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, metal contamination in natural environments could have an important role in maintaining and promoting antibiotic resistance. The presence of metals co-selects for antibiotic resistance and leads to the development of cross-resistance. Micro-organisms adopt various mechanisms that may confer resistance against more than one antimicrobial, of which multidrug efflux systems are the most common." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3000957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-90" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-90 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-18" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Thermus thermophilus uL3 mutations conferring resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Thermus thermophilus ribosomal protein uL3 containing various mutations conferring resistance to tiamulin. Mutations in the ribosomal protein of uL3 acts by interfering with local rRNA conformation thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005082 .
obo:ARO_3003846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC beta-lactamases, also known as AmpC beta-lactamases, are cephalosporinases with extended-spectrum resistance to cephalosporins but not to carbapenems. ADC beta-lactamases are found in Acinetobacter sp. and Oligella urethralis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005459 .
obo:ARO_3005497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-49" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-49 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adjuvants inhibiting antibiotic removal" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of adjuvants which inhibit or prevent the cellular removal of an antibiotic through mechanisms including antibiotic efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000076 .
obo:ARO_3004503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.6" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin resistance gene variant identified in Aeromonas." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-126" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-126 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus FosB" ;
rdfs:comment "The Bacillus subtilis fosB gene encodes a fosfomycin resistance protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3005094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-898" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-898 is a class D beta-lactamase from the OXA family. It confers resistance to B-lactams and was originally found in Ralstonia pikettii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_3009417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans FKS1 with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotic micafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3005801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-580" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-580 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3009442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3004694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.2" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-4 variant which confers resistance to colistin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-773" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-773 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Edeine acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Edeine acetyltransferase enzymes catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group to active edeine, converting it to an inactive form in vivo. This mechanism is used for high-level self-resistance in edeine-producing Brevibacillus spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3001838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-17" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-266-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-266." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3005431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PAU beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-20" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-20 is a MIR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3001802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-141" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-141 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3001098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-40" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-40 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.22" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA22" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA22 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3005984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-781" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-781 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-129" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-129 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrR" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrR is a negative regulator for the EmrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump in E. coli. Mutations lead to EmrAB-TolC overexpression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3005381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-52" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase kpc-52 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_158208806.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-139" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-139 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3009116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefminox" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefminox is a second-generation cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotic. It has broad-spectrum activity, and is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3006007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-807" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-807 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3002520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-7" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-7 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamase in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3004780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DES-1" ;
rdfs:comment "DES-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004779 .
obo:ARO_3006614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-236" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-236 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-143" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-143 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-98" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-98." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-17" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-17 is a metallo-beta-lactamase isolated from Escherichia coli with enhanced carbapenemase activity compared to NDM-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-33" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-33." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3005657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-234" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-234 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moenomycin A1" ;
rdfs:comment "Moenomycin A1 is a major component of moenomycin mixtures. It is produced by Streptomyces ghanaensis, S. bambergiensis, S. ederensis, and S. geysiriensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000687 .
obo:ARO_3005815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-594" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-594 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3003239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to amikacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3000845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GIM-1 is an integron-encoded B1 beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003195 .
obo:ARO_3002354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-3 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3001032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-166" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-166 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus norA" ;
rdfs:comment "NorA gene cloned from Staphylococcus aureus conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Had low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1019" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1019." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-191" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-191 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.15" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal copy number variation" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungi often replicate survival enhancing genes in response to external stressors. In response to antifungals, some fungi will upregulate genes that overwhelm a compounds effects or efficacy. These could include upregulations in cell wall building genes, efflux pumps etc." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3008497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1079" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1079." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIc" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIc is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. coli and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007385 .
obo:ARO_3005897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-690" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-690 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant ppsD" ;
rdfs:comment "ppsD codes for the phthiocerol synthesis polyketide synthase type 1. It is involved in the elongation of C22-24 fatty acids by the addition of malonyl-CoA extender units to yield phthiocerol derivatives in a partial reduction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004885 .
obo:ARO_3006634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-256" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-256 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(33)" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3003640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-483" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-483 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3000951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-84" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-84 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-173" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-173." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-10" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3003558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "y56 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase found in Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004190 .
obo:ARO_3002620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA23" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA23 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3004277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "General Bacterial Porin (GBP)" ;
rdfs:comment "General bacterial porins are a family of porins found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They catalyze the energy-independent transport of small molecules across the outer membranes of bacteria. Most of the porins of these family are homotrimeric and have variable selectivity, ranging from being cation-selective, anion-selective or selective for different compounds. The most well characterized members of this family are the OmpF and OmpC porins of Escherichia coli. This family is also known as the classical porins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_0000000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrolide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3009473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum musae beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to thiabendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin. Thiabendazole is a unique member of the benzimidazole class that can be used for human treatment. Benzimidazoles like thiabendazole are structurally defined as imidazole rings fused to benzene rings." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3001794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-45" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-45 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_0000069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doxycycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Doxycycline is second generation semi-synthetic derivative of the tetracycline group of antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing the aminotransferase-tRNA from associating with the ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3001974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-114" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-114 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata ERG11 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3000975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-112" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-112 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-480" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-480 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-61" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-61 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis embC mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis embC that result in lower affinity between ethambutol and EmbC, resulting in resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002706 .
obo:ARO_3002326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-16" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-16 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-178" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-178 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-196" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-196 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhA mutations conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "inhA is a enoyl-acyl carrier reductase used in lipid metabolism and farry acid biosynthesis. It is inhibited by ethionamide. Mutations in the promoter region or multiple copies of the inhA show marked resistance to ethionamide mediated inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004875 .
obo:ARO_3001527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-339" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-339 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.18" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-22" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-22 is a MIR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3002895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SAT-2" ;
rdfs:comment "SAT-2 is a plasmid-mediated streptothricin acetyltransferase, which confers resistance to streptothricin, a nucleoside antibiotic. Originally described from an E. coli plasmid sequence by Heim et al., 1989." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000869 .
obo:ARO_3008676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1266" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1266." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-399" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-399 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-93" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amrA" ;
rdfs:comment "amrA is the efflux pump subunit of the AmrAB-OprM multidrug efflux complex. amrA corresponds to 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oleic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. Oleic acid is found to have antibacterial activity, particularly in inhibiting the growth of several Gram-positive bacterial species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003956 .
obo:ARO_3002135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-6" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-6 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3009369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg2 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3009383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenamacril is a novel fungicide that has narrow spectrum activity against Fusarium species of fungi. It specifically blocks ATPase activity of myosin motor proteins required for transport of vesicles and organelles within a cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3008359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-47" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-47." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpsA mutations conferring resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "RpsA, the 30S ribosomal protein S1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is involved in trans-translation and is targeted by pyrazinonic acid, the active form of the antibiotic pyrazinamide, which disrupts the initiation of mRNA translation. Mutations in the amino acid sequence of rpsA can confer resistance to pyrazinamide maintaining rpsA function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004722 .
obo:ARO_3006453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-96" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-96 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_0001003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target protection" ;
rdfs:comment "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3007127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces lividans otr(A)" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptomyces lividans otr(A) is an oxytetracycline resistance ribosomal protection protein found in Streptomyces lividans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3002275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-5" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-247" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-247." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonate metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007129 .
obo:ARO_3000324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfadiazine" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfadiazine is a potent inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3003760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis cls with mutation conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiolipin synthase (cls) is an inner membrane protein involved in membrane synthesis and phosopholipid metabolism, with mutations to the gene being capable of conferring daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003272 .
obo:ARO_3004945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ald mutations confer resistance to cycloserine" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the ald gene that contribute to or confer resistance to cycloserine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004943 .
obo:ARO_3001201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-162" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-162 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata Yor1 with mutations conferring resistance to prochloraz" ;
rdfs:comment "Yor1 can cause excessive efflux of azoles when mutated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009465 .
obo:ARO_3008090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-15" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-15." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN-2" ;
rdfs:comment "RAHN-2 is a RAHN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005439 .
obo:ARO_3007178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitazoxanide" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitazoxanide is a thiazolide antiparatasitic and antiviral drug that has demonstrated antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori. It is well tolerated and exhibits a synergistic effect with other antibiotics, such as clarithromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007177 .
obo:ARO_3009462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans PDR5 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The PDR family of genes relate to efflux pumps. PDR5 directly encodes an efflux pump which is a homologue of CDR efflux pumps. PDR1 and PDR3 are transcription factors that upregulate the synthesis of PDR5. When mutated, a fungal species can exhibit resistance against antifungal compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3008773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-996" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-996." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3007828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-50" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-50 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3009326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACT1 with mutations conferring resistance to cycloheximide" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT1 in eukaryotes fungi is associated with actin in the cytoskeletal structure. It should not be confused with ACT genes responsible for bacterial functions like beta lactamase activity. Mutations in eukaryotic ACT1 can cause conformational changes to cellular structure and can result in resistance against several compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009328 .
obo:ARO_3004235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RCP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of class A beta-lactamases that have been discovered in the Rhodobacter genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB59" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB59 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-175" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-175." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1244" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1244." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-169" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-169 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3001340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-119" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-119 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefalotin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3006495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-12" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-12 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistance-associated MSH" ;
rdfs:comment "MSH2 is a mismatch repair gene in fungi. Strains with alterations in this gene exhibit the resistance to Polyenes (Amphotericin B), Echinocandins (Caspofungin, Micafungin), and Azoles (Fluconazole, Voriconazole)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diosmetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Diosmetin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3003373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae acrR with mutation conferring multidrug antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrR is a repressor of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrR mutations result in high level antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000702 .
obo:ARO_3003294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Escherichia coli gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3003767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphM" ;
rdfs:comment "mphM is a chromosomally-encoded macrolide phosphotransferases that inactivate 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3007317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-LANA-14" ;
rdfs:comment "D-LANA-14 is a d-lysine conjugated aliphatic norspermidine analogue that has been shown to increase the permeability of Gram-negative membranes and enhance the entry of antibiotics. It is also able to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 , obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3005485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-80" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-80 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-459" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-459 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-12" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-12 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecC-type mecI" ;
rdfs:comment "A mecC-type mecI repressor gene which mediates production of PBP2 by mecC. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococci possessing the mecC gene, mecI represses the expression of mecC thereby restoring or increasing susceptibility to methicillin and beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000100 .
obo:ARO_3007257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.36" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A16" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A16." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3004388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "in-vitro microbial susceptibility test" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental test conducted outside of a living organism, usually in a tube or plate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:NCIT_85540 .
obo:ARO_3003882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-76" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-76 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3008827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-480" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-480." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-250" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-250 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1302" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1302." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3004517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-7.1" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant phosphoethanolamine transferase identified from a poultry isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-564" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-564 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-116" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-116 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vibrio cholerae varG" ;
rdfs:comment "varG is an Ambler class B metallo-beta-lactamase found on the antibiotic resistance var regulon in Vibrio cholerae, along with an antibiotic efflux pump varABCDEF. These genes are organized as a regulon under the control of VarR transcriptional activator. VarG was shown to have beta-lactamase activity against penicillins, carbapenems and cephalosporins in-vitro. Described by Lin HV et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004288 .
obo:ARO_3007290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin thiol transferase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Adjuvants shown to inhibit the action of fosfomycin thiol transferases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3000779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeH" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeH is the outer membrane channel protein of the AdeFGH multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-184" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-184 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-69" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-69 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-10" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-68" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-68 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3002963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanZ gene in vanF cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanZF, is a vanZ variant found in the vanF gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000116 .
obo:ARO_3000133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin thiol transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000342 .
obo:ARO_3001090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-32" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-32 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-9" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-9 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter asburiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3008194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GMA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "GMA family class A beta-lactamase GMA-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007868 .
obo:ARO_3003260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin sensitive gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-subunit of DNA gyrase sensitive to inhibition by aminocoumarins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000734 .
obo:ARO_3008338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-216" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-216." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal HapE" ;
rdfs:comment "HapE codes for a transcription factor typically associated with cellular adaptation and is found within fungi. Mutations in this gene have been associated with resistance against several different antifungal compounds, including azoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009292 .
obo:ARO_3009175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "As a fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops. It also has a role as an antinematodal drug, a metabolite, a microtubule-destabilising agent. Carbendazim is a member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. It is a carbamate ester and a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide. It is functionally related to a 2-aminobenzimidazole. Additionally, Carbendazim has been used in cancer trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009317 .
obo:ARO_3007246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.14" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-5 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-354" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-354 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecA" ;
rdfs:comment "mecA encodes an alternative PBP2a protein involved in bacterial cell wall formation. These proteins are acquired by lateral gene transfer and commonly associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These proteins have lower affinity for penicillin-like antibiotics and therefore are able to perform peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009312 .
obo:ARO_3007722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-493-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-493." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3004683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadS" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel Tn4551 streptomycin-resistance gene that was phenotypically silent in wild-type Bacteroides; expression could be activated by a trans-acting chromosomal mutation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007399 .
obo:ARO_3003279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant liaFSR system" ;
rdfs:comment "The liaFSR system regulates the cell envelope stress response. It is transcriptionally activated by exposure to alkaline shock, detergents, and particularly antibiotics with lipid II inhibition properties." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive RNA polymerase switch region" ;
rdfs:comment "The switch region is a structural element that mediates conformational changes and contacts required for RNAP to load DNA into the RNAP active-center cleft during transcription initiation. The switch region is located at the base of the RNAP clamp and serves as the hinge that mediates opening of the RNAP clamp to load DNA into the RNAP active-center cleft and mediates closing of the RNAP clamp to retain DNA in the RNAP active-center cleft." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3002218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-27" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-27 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-247" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-247 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-39" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-39 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay (CAT)" ;
rdfs:comment "Commercial colorimetric assay for detection of chloramphenicol modifying enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004396 .
obo:ARO_3002047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-36" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-36 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrA" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. Binding the alpha-subunit is sufficient to inhibit DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000766 .
obo:ARO_3008082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BOR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase BOR-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007867 .
obo:ARO_3008549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1131" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1131." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli mdfA" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug efflux pump in E. coli. This multidrug efflux system was originally identified as the Cmr/CmlA chloramphenicol exporter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(50)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(50) is an Erm ribosomal RNA methyltransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA-6" ;
rdfs:comment "PLA-6 is a PLA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005433 .
obo:ARO_3007164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics derived from triazaacenaphthylene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3001753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-298" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-298 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3005752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-522" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-522 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-105" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-105 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-233" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-233 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)" ;
rdfs:comment "EUCAST is a standing committee jointly organized by ESCMID, ECDC and European national breakpoint committees; it deals with breakpoints and technical aspects of phenotypic in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3005916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-709" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-709 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VII" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate kanamycin and neomycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds. It is also possible to observe low-level sub-breakpoint amikacin resistance dependent on testing standards and breakpoint criteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3005742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-512" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-512 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3003145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-21" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-21 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-159" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-159 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-21" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase FOX-21." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3002386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BEL-2" ;
rdfs:comment "BEL-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002384 .
obo:ARO_3006042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-849" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-849 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-207" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella penumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-248" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-248 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-108" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-108 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iw" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iw is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FIM is a metallo-beta-lactamase gene family found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant fabG1" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the fabg1 gene resulting in the inability for the antibiotic to inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimI" ;
rdfs:comment "nimI is a nitroimidazole reductase discovered in the Prevotella baroniae that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Although not found in Bacteroids fragilis, the source organism of most nim genes, nimI shares significant similarity with other nitroimidazole reductases. nimI is chromosomally encoded in P. baroniae, suggesting that it is intrinsic to this species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3002138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-5" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3008148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-259" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-259." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-64" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-64 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella sonnei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB71" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB71 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-648" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-648 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-134 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3003969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lmrP" ;
rdfs:comment "lmrP is a proton motive force-dependent drug transporter that is part of the MFS efflux pump family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-123" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-123 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-389" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-389 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cytochrome b protein with mutations conferring resistance to pyraclostrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Strobilurins, also known as QOI fungicides, are a group of fungicides originally isolated from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus that inhibit mitochondrial respiration by binding to Complex III in the electron transport chain thereby disrupting the fungus's ability to produce energy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3003041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pneumoniae PBP1a conferring resistance to amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP1a is a penicillin-binding protein found in Streptococcus pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3001810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-53" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-53 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3001596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-405" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-405 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexEF-OprN with MexT mutation conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim" ;
rdfs:comment "The MexEF–OprN efflux pump in P. aeruginosa is overexpressed with MexT mutation conferring resistance to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000798 .
obo:ARO_3007928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-165" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-165." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-13" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3003597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-441" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-441 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catII from Escherichia coli K-12" ;
rdfs:comment "catII is a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. This particular catII is found in E.coli K-12. Confers resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3009282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51c with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_0010002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters and ABC transporters comprise the two largest and most functionally diverse of the transporter superfamilies. However, MFS transporters are distinct from ABC transporters in both their primary sequence and structure and in the mechanism of energy coupling. As secondary transporters they are, like RND and SMR transporters, energized by the electrochemical proton gradient." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3007381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-86" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-86 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase found in Klebsiella pneumonia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA31" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase CfiA31." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3006259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-64" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-64 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-222" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-222 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-105" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-105." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-9" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-9 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3001060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-2" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-2 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella flexneri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1296" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1296." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-64" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-64." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-48" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-48 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-149" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-149 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16S rRNA methyltransferase (A1408)" ;
rdfs:comment "Methyltransferases that methylate the A1408 position of 16S rRNA, which is part of an aminoglycoside binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000857 .
obo:ARO_3006450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-93" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-93 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-4" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-102" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-102 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase" ;
rdfs:comment "The enzyme responsible for the final step of fosfomycin biosynthesis. It converts S-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid (S-HPP) into fosfomycin via an oxidative cyclalization reaction. It uses Iron (II) or Zinc (II) as cofactors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000459 .
obo:ARO_3001444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-122" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-122 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-570" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-570 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-60 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_3003864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-20" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-20 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3006715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-345" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-345 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB beta-lactamases or Vietnamese extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases that confer high-level resistance to oxyimino cephalosporins and to aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3003953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hmrM" ;
rdfs:comment "hmrM is a multidrug efflux pump belonging to the MATE family and functions as a Na+/drug antiporter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3004833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae PBP1 conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Neisseria gonorrhoea PBP1 (ponA) decreases affinity between beta-lactam antibiotic molecule and PBP1, thereby conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3003676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib'" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib' is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrons in P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3006002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-802" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-802 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetB(46)" ;
rdfs:comment "tetB(46) is a subunit of tetAB(46), a heterodimeric ABC transporter, that is required for conferring tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus australis isolated from the oral cavity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-875" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-875 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanF cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXF, is a vanX variant found in the vanF gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3000212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the DNA may lead to an altered gene product that may result in antibiotic resistance. Examples included modified antibiotic targets with lower binding affinities and the deactivation of repressors that result in increased expression of genes that inactivate or pump out antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001001 .
obo:ARO_3004198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "R39 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "R39 beta-lactamases are Class A beta-lactamases encoded in Actinomadura R39 with the ability to hydrolyze penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-40" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-40 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3006585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-206" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-206 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "darobactin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Darobactin A, isolated from Photorhabdus bacteria, contains a macrocyclic peptide-based ring system and exhibits selective antibiotic activity against Gram-negative pathogens in both in vitro and animal infection models and functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3007321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of tetK efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the tetK efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3009164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrifenox" ;
rdfs:comment "A fungicide used for control of powdery mildew, scab and other fungal pathogens on a range of crops. Resistance was noted by Penicillium digitatum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3005946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-742" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-742 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-22" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-22 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-14" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-14 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AQU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AQU beta-lactamases are chromosomal class C beta-lactamases that confer resistance to cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3006365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-196" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-196 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clerocidin" ;
rdfs:comment "Clerocidin is a terpenoid antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. It is a natural diterpenoid which has been shown to selectively react with single-stranded bases without targeting the double helix." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005172 .
obo:ARO_3005158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-668" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-668 is a class D beta-lactamase from the OXA-274 family of OXA beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007713 .
obo:ARO_3008010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-294" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-294." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Burkholderia pseudomallei Omp38" ;
rdfs:comment "Heterologous expression of Burkholderia pseudomallei Omp38 (BpsOmp38) in Omp-deficient E. coli host cells lowers their permeability and in consequence, their antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillin G, cefoxitin, ceftazidime and imipenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3002578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib7" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib7 is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. cloacae and C. freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3008617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1205" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1205." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB39" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB39 is a chromosome-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter youngae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-248" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-248." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gpsI with mutations conferring resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in gpsI that can contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004880 .
obo:ARO_3006522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-145" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-145 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isepamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "A semi-synthetic derivative of gentamicin B (hydroxyamino propionyl genamicin B). It is modified to combat microbial inactivation and has a slightly larger spectrum of activity compared to other aminoglycosides, including Ser marcescens, Enterobacteria, and K pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3003153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-186" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-186 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-5.3" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-5-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1135" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1135." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-29b" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-29b is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3007904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-122" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-122." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-166" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-166 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3002241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3006684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-314" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-314 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TaeA" ;
rdfs:comment "Pleuromutilin (Tiamulin) ABC efflux pump found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3009229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg11 encodes a protein lanosterol-14a-demethylase, which is integral to ergosterol biosynthesis. In fungi, a mutation to this gene can result in conferred resistance to azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3003193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC7" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC7 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-820" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-820 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3006403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-234" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-234 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive dihydrofolate synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Wild-type form of dihydrofolate synthase (synthetase) enzymes. Bioactivation of p-aminosalicylic acid occurs during the folate pathway when dihydrofolate and its analog hydroxyl-dihydrofolate are produced by dihydrofolate synthase. Disruption of this pathway by PAS results in cell damage and death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000714 .
obo:ARO_3008646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1236" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1236." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to lincosamide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to lincosamide antibiotics by reducing antibiotic binding-site affinity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3000834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phoP" ;
rdfs:comment "PhoP is a direct repressor of the macAB efflux genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3007635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAE-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CAE-1 is a CAE beta-lactamase and confers resistance to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone, and elevates the MIC of ampicillin-sulbactam two-fold in Escherichia coli DH5alpha, suggesting that CAE-1 functions as a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007634 .
obo:ARO_3006053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-861" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-861 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-491" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-491 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP2 with mutations conferring resistance to clotrimazole" ;
rdfs:comment "ATP1 and 2 are mitochondrial enzymes linked to ATP production. Their disruption has been shown to confer resistance to azole drugs like clotrimazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009349 .
obo:ARO_3001963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-104" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-104 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-633" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-633 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3000126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3006350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-178" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-178 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI is a carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class A beta-Lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-613" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-613." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-814" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-814 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3001206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic inactivation by sequestration" ;
rdfs:comment "Inactivation of an antibiotic by formation of a complex, preventing interaction of the antibiotic with its target." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3002228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-37" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-37 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-428" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-428 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neobacillus vireti vmlR2" ;
rdfs:comment "vmlR2 is an ABC-F ATPase ribosomal protection protein from Neobacillus vireti (formerly known as Bacillus vireti). This representative of the ARE2 subfamily has an unusually long linker domain. Confers resistance to some lincosamide and nucleoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3008936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-589" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-589." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-306" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-306 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeN" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeN is a repressor of AdeIJK, a RND-type efflux pump in Acinetobacter baumannii. Its inactivation increases expression of AdeJ." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-515" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-515." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in 23S rRNA of C. reinhardtii chloroplast shown clinically to confer resistance to Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3003608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-452" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-452 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3002401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-6" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-187" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-187 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "agar overlay bioautography" ;
rdfs:comment "The TLC plate is covered with a molten agar medium seeded with the test microbe and the antimicrobial compounds are allowed to diffuse onto the agar medium. Tetrazolium dye staining allows for visualization." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004392 .
obo:ARO_3009460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici mfs1 with mutations conferring resistance to metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3005005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant emb arabinosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Known antibiotic-resistant variants of emb arabinosyltransferases, primarily in Mycobacterium and conferring resistance to ethambutol through point mutation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-6-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-18" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-18 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3009561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "echinocandin resistant fungal ATIC enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "ATIC is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps of the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway in most eukaryotes. Its gene, ADE17, produces a single polypeptide chain that folds into two distinct domains. The first domain isthe 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) Transformylase domain which takes the substrate AICAR and a folate molecule to add a carbon atom. The second is the IMP Cyclohydrolase domain which takes the result of the first reaction and transforms it into a ring to create Inosine Monophosphate (IMP), which is the precursor to all DNA/RNA bases. AICAR transformylase refers to the specific functional domain of the ADE17 enzyme that is targeted or inhibited by certain chemical compounds. The ATIC enzyme is not typically associated with echinocandin resistance in a mutational context. When a fungi experiences stress of its cell wall (like echinocandin induced stress) it responds by up regulating gene transcription to repair the wall. ADE17 is one of these genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009562 .
obo:ARO_3005829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-608" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-608 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3002001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-143" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-143 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgaE" ;
rdfs:comment "vgaE is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in staphylococci that confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics and related compounds. It is associated with transposon DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3008892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-545" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-545." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-236" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-236." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-68" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-68 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-159" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-159 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-9" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GRD23 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GRD23 beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-57" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-57 is a class A GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3000932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-65" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-65 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-15" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-15 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Caspofungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It has a wide range of activity against fungi and yeasts." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007496 .
obo:ARO_3006237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-42" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-42 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-358" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-358." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "patA" ;
rdfs:comment "PatA is an ABC transporter of Streptococcus pneumoniae that interacts with PatB to confer fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-503" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-503 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-170" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-170 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3009260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal MFS with mutations conferring antifungal resistance [marked for deprecation]" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3008881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-534" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-534." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALG11-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ALG11-1 is a ALG11 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005389 .
obo:ARO_3004587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(52)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3005538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-25" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-25 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3002884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iri" ;
rdfs:comment "iri is a monooxygenase that confers resistance to rifampin found in Rhodococcus hoagii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000445 .
obo:ARO_3003839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mrx" ;
rdfs:comment "Mrx is part of the macrolide inactivation gene cluster in Aeromonas hydrophila." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3006309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-134" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-134 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-228" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-228 is a beta-lactamase found in A. bereziniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3008478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1060" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1060." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-378" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-378 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1120" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1120." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3009044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SED-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SED-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007880 .
obo:ARO_3009181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "An agricultural fungicide that is a member of the triazole antifungal class." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3009123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penicillin with extended spectrum" ;
rdfs:comment "Pencillin-like antibiotics with extended spectrum activity gram-negative bacteria, such as ampicillin and similar antibiotic compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000008 .
obo:ARO_3001020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-154" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-154 is a CMT-type, inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1173" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1173." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3007052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of Helicobacter pylori observed to confer resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3000274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit parC" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in parC confer antibiotic resistance by preventing drugs from binding the parC subunit of topoisomerase IV, essential for DNA decatanation and relaxation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000370 .
obo:ARO_3006323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-149" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-149 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pactamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum, considered a universal translation inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007158 .
obo:ARO_3004111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA6" ;
rdfs:comment "FosA6 is a plasmid-encoded enzyme that confers resistance to fosfomycin in Escherichia coli by breaking the epoxide ring of the molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3005938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-733" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-733 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-19" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-19 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-159" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-159 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-60" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-60 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-11" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3005720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114u" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114u is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3004299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "Qualitative description of a microbial response to antimicrobial agents and the expected clinical outcome. Bacteria may be susceptible or resistant to a broad range of antibiotic drugs or drug classes, with several intermediate states or phases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3005671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-22" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-22 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3002947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanM cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanHM, is a vanH variant in the vanM gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3007306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonoformate" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphonoformate, also known as Forscarnet or Foscavir, is an antiviral drug used to treat Herpesviridae infections. It has also been shown to inhibit the fosfomycin thiol transferase fosA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007290 .
obo:ARO_3003702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa parC resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3002252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-14" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3006484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-106" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-106 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114n" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114n is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3007708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-22-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-22." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3002580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib9" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib9 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeS" ;
rdfs:comment "smeS is the protein kinase sensor component of a two component signal transduction system that includes smeR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3006398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-229" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-229 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-50" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-50 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-67" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-67 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 5065." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polypyridine metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007129 .
obo:ARO_3005800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-579" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-579 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3001670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-231" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-231 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3003821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BAL30072" ;
rdfs:comment "BAL30072 is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the sulfactams. BAL30072 was found to trigger the spheroplasting and lysis of Escherichia coli rather than the formation of extensive filaments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000004 .
obo:ARO_3001862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-5" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3007078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "luteolin" ;
rdfs:comment "Luteolin is a flavonoid produced by a variety of plants that features a wide range of biological effects. It has been shown to inhibit the action of the MsrA drug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007077 .
obo:ARO_3003186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-23" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-23 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3001726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-270" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-270 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enmetazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Enmetazobactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor which exhibits activity against class A extended spectrum beta-lactamases. It is currently in clinical trials in combination with cefepine for the treatment of urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007130 .
obo:ARO_3007810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutations conferring resistance to levofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB resulting in resistance to levofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3003124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-431" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-431 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonoacetaldehyde methyltransfererase" ;
rdfs:comment "The enzyme responsible for converting phosphonoacetaldehyde to (S)-2-/nhydroxypropylphosphonic acid (S-HPP) via an anionic methyl attack, which also reduces the aldehyde to an alcohol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3004266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant katG" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in katG confer antibiotic resistance by preventing katG from catalyzing the activation of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3005698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-50" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-50 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3005099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA (adenine(2058)-N(6))-methyltransferase Erm(A)" ;
rdfs:comment "Variant of ErmA (ARO:3000347) found in Streptococcus pyogenes. Confers the MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3002058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-47" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-47 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-12" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-12 is a MOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3009611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis FSK1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3004008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cephapirin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephapirin is a first-generation cephalosporin and broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. Inactivation of penicillin-binding proteins through cephapirin binding disrupts peptidoglycan cross-linking, resulting in cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3004083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrEF-TolC confers resistance to ciprofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrEF-TolC efflux pump system of E. coli confers resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000503 .
obo:ARO_3006695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-326" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-326 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class A LRA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases that are part of the LRA gene family and are classified as Class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3000261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sigma factor conferring resistance to rifampin" ;
rdfs:comment "When bound to different sigma factors, RNA-polymerase may possess an altered sensitivity to rifampin-mediated inhibition. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000507 .
obo:ARO_3005419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRG beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LRG beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-4" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-4 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_0000006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erythromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a 14-carbon ring that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people that have an allergy to penicillins. Erythromycin may possess bacteriocidal activity, particularly at higher concentrations by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S rRNA complex, inhibiting peptidyl-tRNA translocation. Thus, protein synthesis and subsequently structure/function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3008974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-627" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-627." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-576" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-576." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-3" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-3 is a beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was found in Moraxella pluranimalium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3008161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-272" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-272." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-194" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-194 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-183" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-183 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-227" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-227 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1109" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1109." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-7" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3006290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-112" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-112 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-276" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-276 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3009453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus MDR4 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for an MFS family of efflux pumps in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_0000039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Spectinomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Spectinomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit inhibiting translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3001540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-353" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-353 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to neomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of helix 44, in the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to neomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3001680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-242" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-242 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-75" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-75 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-16" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-56" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-56 is a class A CARB-17-like beta-lactamase identified from Vibrio alginolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_1000003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic molecule" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure or spectrum of activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3004431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EUCAST antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "Qualitative description of a microbial response to antimicrobial agents as described by EUCAST using breakpoints determined through in-vitro testing. These breakpoints are determined irrespective of tissue specificity of infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004299 .
obo:ARO_0000072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "linezolid" ;
rdfs:comment "Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to several other antibiotics. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000079 .
obo:ARO_3001848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-28" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-28 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-7" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-7 is a beta-lactamase that is found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3009091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-39" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-39." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-8" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-8 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3004003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefoperazone" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefoperazone is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin containing a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamases. Particularly used for treatment of Pseudomonas spp. infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3001421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-26" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-26 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3001003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-139" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-139 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Type A NfxB" ;
rdfs:comment "Type A NfxB mutants are four to eight times more resistant to ofloxacin, erythromycin, and new zwitterionic cephems, i.e., cefpirome, cefclidin, cefozopran, and cefoselis, than the parent strain, PAO1. nfxB corresponds to 2 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (gene name: esrC/nfxB) and 2 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58 (gene name: nfxB)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000820 .
obo:ARO_3009331 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "derepresses" ;
rdfs:comment "Removal of negative regulation caused by repression of transcription, such as deactivating a repressor protein so transcription is unimpeded." ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3001575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-389" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-389 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "minocycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Minocycline is second generation semi-synthetic derivative of the tetracycline group of antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing the aminotransferase-tRNA from associating with the ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3008895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-548" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-548." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CRP beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamase found in Chromobacterium piscinae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3009117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefbuperazone" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefbuperazone is a second-generation cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3008489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1071" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1071." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gamithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Gamithromycin, a novel semi-synthetic macrolide, is approved for the treatment and prevention of bovine respiratory disease. It plays a bacteriostatic and bactericidal role by inhibiting the ribosomal 50S subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3003515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to kanamycin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3005117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr7" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant identified from Klebsiella. These proteins confer resistance to both fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3000980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-117" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-117 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-24" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-24 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "klebsidin" ;
rdfs:comment "Klebsidin is a peptide antibiotic derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae that exhibits activity against members of the Enterobacteriaceae family of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia and Salmonella species. Klebsidin acts by accumulating in the target cell and inhibiting RNA polymerase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009658 .
obo:ARO_3004011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clinafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Clinafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and gyrase (DNA topoisomerase II) inhibitor. It binds to DNA gyrase and disrupts replication by causing double-stranded DNA breaks, resulting in cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3005682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-33" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-33 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CBP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CBP is a class A beta-lactamase family found in C. botulinum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3009142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "WHO TB mutation catalog, Second Edition" ;
rdfs:comment "The World Health Organization (WHO) Mutation Catalog, Second Edition is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis AMR mutation catalog published in 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240082410. Mutation data acquired from the WHO 2023 catalog are evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009139 .
obo:ARO_3000859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtA" ;
rdfs:comment "RmtA is a 16S rRNA methyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which methylates G1405 of the 16S rRNA. It confers high level resistance to many aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3008349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-232" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-232." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sta" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptothricin acetyltransferase gene (STAT gene) that confers streptothricin resistance on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000869 .
obo:ARO_3004287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid A phosphatase" ;
rdfs:comment "The antimicrobial activity of certain antibiotics, such as peptide antibiotics, is proposed to be initiated through binding to the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides. Thus, covalent modification of Gram-negative bacterial lipid A by phosphatases is a mechanism to reduce the susceptibility of the bacteria to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 .
obo:ARO_3004379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QepA4" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated quinolone efflux pump variant described in Escherichia coli. QepA4 confers resistance to quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics by expulsion from the cell. Described by Manageiro et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsB gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to kanamycin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-73" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C ADC beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3002691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica cmlA" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3006838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-472" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-472 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA31" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA31 is an antibiotic resistance dihydrofolate reductase from an integron found from Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3004662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.3" ;
rdfs:comment "MCR-3.3 is a colistin resistance gene variant in the chromosome of an Aeromonas veronii. Conferred polymyxin resistance in both E. Coli and Aeromonas salmonicida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeE" ;
rdfs:comment "smeE is the RND protein of the efflux complex smeDEF in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "manual testing platform" ;
rdfs:comment "Non-automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004390 .
obo:ARO_3001783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-163" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-163 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB46" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB46 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-29" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-29 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "poxtA" ;
rdfs:comment "PoxtA is an ABC-F subfamily ATP-binding cassette protein that confers resistance to tetracycline, -phenicol, and oxazolidinone via modification of the bacterial ribosome. The encoding gene was isolated from a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3005261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-230" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-230 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant ptsI phosphotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "PtsI family phosphotransferases are involved in cyclic AMP synthesis, which regulates glpT expression. Mutations in PtsI family genes can negatively affect expression of UhpT, which is needed for fosfomycin import." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-607" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-607." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-261" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-261." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-87" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-87 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-787" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-787 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007716 .
obo:ARO_3003964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hp1181" ;
rdfs:comment "hp1181 is a translocase that is part of the MFS efflux pump family. It is found in H. pylori and has role in the active efflux of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PBT2" ;
rdfs:comment "PBT2 is a former Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease candidate drug that has since been shown to increase susceptibility to colistin, polymyxin B, and tetracycline in N. gonorrhoeae. It is thought to inactivate lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A, resulting in alteration of cell membrane charge." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3003091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins. Mutations in mprF can additionally confer resistance to daptomycin in S. aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3003421 .
obo:ARO_3005313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-449" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-449 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmF" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmF confers the MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3004992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant Rv3169" ;
rdfs:comment "A conserved protein with an unknown function determined through proteomics study. May contribute or confer resistance to pyrazinamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004991 .
obo:ARO_3008884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-537" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-537." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanT gene in vanE cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanTE, is a vanT variant found in the vanE gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000372 .
obo:ARO_3003175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-19" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-19 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3007004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VHW-1" ;
rdfs:comment "VHW-1 is a VHW beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005456 .
obo:ARO_3007849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fgd1 with mutation conferring resistance to delamanid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase fgd1 which confer resistance to the nitroimidazole antibiotic delamanid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007851 .
obo:ARO_3002732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB17" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB17 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-171" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-171 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catB8" ;
rdfs:comment "catB8 is a plasmid or integron-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3008816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-7-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-7-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-IIa is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in P. aeruginosa and S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007396 .
obo:ARO_3007145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic-adjuvant admixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic imipenem, beta-lactam potentiator cilastatin, and beta-lactamase inhibitor relebactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3006796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-426" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-426 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRH-3" ;
rdfs:comment "CRH-3 is a CRH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005399 .
obo:ARO_3001551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-364" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-364 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007716 .
obo:ARO_3000663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ofloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a methyl-substituted oxazine ring. It has a broad spectrum of activity including many enterobacteria and mycoplasma but most anaerobes are resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3002827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tlrC" ;
rdfs:comment "tlrC is an ABC-F subfamily protein found in Streptomyces fradiae and confers resistance to mycinamicin, tylosin and lincosamides. tlrC is found in the tylosin biosynthetic cluster and is one mechanism by which S. fradiae protects itself from self-destruction when producing this macrolide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3008396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-48" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-48." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MBX-2319" ;
rdfs:comment "MBX-2319 is an experimental compound used to inhibit the AcrAB-TolC antibiotic efflux system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007322 .
obo:ARO_3006932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-27" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-27 is a LEN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3005169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alkaloids with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "Alkaloids are naturally occurring organic compounds containing the element nitrogen. Some alkaloid compounds exhibit specific antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3005566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-30" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-30 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-19" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-19 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3000025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "patB" ;
rdfs:comment "PatB is an ABC transporter of Streptococcus pneumoniae that interacts with PatA to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-66" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-66 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-61" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-61 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniC mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations that occurs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniC causing it to be ethambutol resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003450 .
obo:ARO_3005111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaS1" ;
rdfs:comment "Predominant beta-lactamase in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005110 .
obo:ARO_3005025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ATP synthase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic adjuvants shown to inhibit the action of ATP synthase, restoring antibiotic activity by depolarizing the bacterial membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3002737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB22" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB22 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter werkmanii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1225" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-24 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1225." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3004865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-22" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A27" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A27." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3004618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-58" ;
rdfs:comment "An ADC beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-92" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-92 is an IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Known mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA which confer resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007799 .
obo:ARO_3006029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-832" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-832 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSA2 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RSA2 beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3009337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli PBP2-like mrdA with mutation conferring resistance to durlobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "mrdA is a peptidoglycan DD-transpeptidase. Mutations in mrdA have been shown to confer resistance to penicillin-like antibiotics, such as durlobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3006257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-62" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-62 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Becton Dickinson" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific vendor of automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility headquartered in New Jersey, USA. Becton Dickinson is the developer of the Phoenix automated testing platform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004404 .
obo:ARO_3000010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanA" ;
rdfs:comment "VanA is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that synthesizes D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It has been isolated from VREs. It is associated with both vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3002867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrF" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrF is a chromosome-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Streptococcus pyogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-520" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-520." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-445" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-445 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-151" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-151 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zoliflodacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental antibiotic in phase two trial for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007160 .
obo:ARO_3002113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-101" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-101 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-92" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-92 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus intermedius chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in Staphylococcus intermedius." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3006853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SRT-3" ;
rdfs:comment "SRT-3 is a SRT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000095 .
obo:ARO_3006984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RUB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RUB-1 is a RUB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005442 .
obo:ARO_3007758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fengycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fengycin is an antifungal lipopeptide complex produced by Bacillus subtilis strain F-29-3. It inhibits filamentous fungi and is used as an agricultural fungicide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3002292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-22" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-60" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-60 is a beta-lactamase found in Ralstonia pickettii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_3005848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-627" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-627 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-5" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3004209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HMB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "First identified from a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in 2012, HMB type beta-lactamases can be encoded in transposons and hydrolyze carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin P" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3007566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus spp. AFR1" ;
rdfs:comment "Cryptococcus spp. AFR1 gene is an ABC transporter gene that contributes to antifungal resistance through antibiotic efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3004779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DES beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "DES is a class A beta-lactamase gene family found in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA17" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA17 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3008701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1291" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1291." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-27" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-27 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant kasA" ;
rdfs:comment "kasA is a ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase that catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. It is involved in elongation of fatty acids intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of mycolic acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-27" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-27 is a DHA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3003745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(C)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(C) is a macrolide efflux gene isolated from a plasmid in Photobacterium damselae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:ARO_3001906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-44" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-44 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-46" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-46 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Polymyxins are cationic detergent antibiotics, with a general structure of a cyclic peptide with a long hydrophobic tail. They disrupt the structure of the bacterial cell membrane by interacting with its phospholipids. Polymyxins have a bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacilli, especially on Pseudomonas and coliform organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3006556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-177" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-177 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-315" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-315 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-9" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-9 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3004326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has tested resistant (R) to at least one of the following: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3001414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-19" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-19 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "basRS" ;
rdfs:comment "BasRS is a two-component regulatory system. BasR is phosphorylated by BasS at high[Fe3+] levels. The BasRS system regulates the expression of pmrE, pmrF and pmrC, leading to antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3002191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-9" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3002091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-78" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-78 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA6 from Proteus mirabilis" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA6 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistance to trimethoprim. Found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-213" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-476" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-476 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3002524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-Ib is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum and A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007393 .
obo:ARO_3009096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YOC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase YOC-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007882 .
obo:ARO_3006620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-242" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-242 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pleuromutilin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pleuromutilin is a natural product antibiotic produced by Clitopilus passeckerianus. Related antibiotics of clinical significance, such as tiamulin and retapamulin, are semi-synthetic derivatives of this compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000670 .
obo:ARO_3003904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicin is a two-component broad-spectrum lantibiotic produced by Bacillus paralicheniformis APC 1576, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides difficile and Listeria monocytogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3006425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-255" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-255 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexP" ;
rdfs:comment "MexP is the membrane fusion protein of the MexPQ-OpmE multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009150 .
obo:ARO_3000035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipopeptide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipopeptide antibiotics are aliphatic, with their hydrophobic components interacting with the bacterial cell membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3005744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-514" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-514 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3007245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.31" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target modifying enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes that confer resistance by modifying antibiotic targets." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3000391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norA" ;
rdfs:comment "NorA is a multidrug efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus that confers resistance to fluoroquinolones and other structurally unrelated antibiotics like acriflavine. It shares 30% similarity with NorA, and is a structural homolog of Bmr of Bacillus subtilis. It is regulated by arlRS and mgrA, the latter also known as NorR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-105" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-105." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-410" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-410 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-838" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-838 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3007965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-93" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-93." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-17" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3006603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-223" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-223 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-46" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-46 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thioamide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics possessing the thioamide functional group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3005763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-533" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-533 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-116" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-116 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-265" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-265." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-150" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-150 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-169" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-169." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)" ;
rdfs:comment "The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute develops and implements clinical laboratory testing standards." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3002873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB3" ;
rdfs:comment "A thiol transferase that leads to the resistance of fosfomycin in Enterococcus faecium. Contrasting FosA, FosB is dependent on the cofactor Magnesium (II) and uses either bacillithiol to open up the epoxide ring of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3008803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-4-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-4-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-769" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-769 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A38" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A38." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3001481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-196" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-196 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:NCIT_C178119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disrupting variant detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene (or protein) has been detected in the query but includes a loss of function mutation (e.g., frameshift, internal stop, deletion, truncation). Paraphrased from the NCI Thesaurus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3007063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cilastatin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cilastatin is often prescribed with imipenem as a beta-lactam potentiator. Cilastatin inhibits enzymatic renal dehydropeptidase, which hydrolyzes imipenem, thereby preventing the metabolism of imipenem in vivo and maintaining longer antibiotic exposure and effect." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007226 .
obo:ARO_3000223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gramicidin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Gramicidin B is one of the three gramicidins in gramicidin D, with a phenylalanine in position 11. It is structurally similar to gramicidin A, but its ability to induce the assembly of bilayers is reduced. Gramicidins form dimers in the bacterial membrane that increase the permeability of cations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000123 .
obo:ARO_3004840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-34" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella variicola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA5" ;
rdfs:comment "CfxA5 beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in Bacteroides distasonis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003000 .
obo:ARO_3000458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrolide glycosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Macrolide glycosyltransferases are enzymes encoded by macrolide glycosyltransferase genes and inactivate macrolides by glycosylating them at 2'-OH of desosamine sugar moiety. They are predominantly found in macrolide producers and are also found in non-producers and are used as a resistance mechanism. Different variants of this enzyme has been reported." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000201 .
obo:ARO_3007182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaC" ;
rdfs:comment "blaC is a broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase coded in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been shown to hydrolyze a large number of beta-lactam antibiotics and is a major obstacle in the treatment of tuberculosis with such drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007181 .
obo:ARO_3009192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-7" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-1-7 is a OXY family class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase identified from Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-59" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-59 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spd" ;
rdfs:comment "spd is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in S. aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007400 .
obo:ARO_3003241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "teixobactin" ;
rdfs:comment "Teixobactin is a peptide antibiotic isolated from the Gram-negative bacteria, Eleftheria terrae. It inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan by interacting with peptidoglycan precursor, Lipid II and Lipid III." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3004598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnGH-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "Disruption of the pump components KpnGH signficantly decrease resistance to azithromycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, ertapenem, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, ticarcillin, norfloxacin, polymyxin-B, piperacillin, spectinomycin, tobramycin, and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-195" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifamycin resistant ponA1" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the ponA1 gene that can contribute to or confer resistance to rifamycin-class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004958 .
obo:ARO_3007268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.34" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-30" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-30 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_085562399.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ZOG beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ZOG beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Zobellia galactanivorans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-82" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-427-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-427." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3005948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-744" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-744 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mm" ;
rdfs:comment "Millimeters (mm)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004372 .
obo:ARO_3000928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-59" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-59 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-113" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-113 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-310" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-310 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive embR" ;
rdfs:comment "Wildtype embR is sensitive to antibiotics. It is an arabinosyltransferase involved in lipoarabinomannan synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000725 .
obo:ARO_3007370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosI" ;
rdfs:comment "FosI is a fosfomycin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3009112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefacetrile" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefacetrile is a broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefacetrile binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall causing cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3001715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-259" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-259 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-61" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-61 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (SIR)" ;
rdfs:comment "SIR is a revised system for antibiotic sensitivity testing in Sweden that was proposed in 1977. The SIR system included two main changes: three sensitivity groups instead of the previous four and new breakpoints for the sensitivity groups." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3006910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA18" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA18 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3001890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-28" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-28 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-205" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-205 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanO cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRO, is a vanR variant found in the vanO gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3004217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SMB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SMB beta-lactamases are a subclass B3 beta-lactamases that hydrolyze a variety of beta-lactams, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3001876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-13" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-13 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-11" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-6-11." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-92" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-92 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-766" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-766 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-175" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-175 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-63" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-63 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "midecamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces mycarofaciens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3007555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zn2Cys6 transcription factors" ;
rdfs:comment "Zn2Cys6 is a transcription factor family that includes mutations to confer resistance to azole-class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 .
obo:ARO_3008000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-284" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-284." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-33" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-33 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-228" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-572" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-572 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3009387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium incarnatum myosin-5 with mutations conferring resistance against phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in myosin-5 (also called myosin V) confer resistance against the fungicide phenamacril. Fusarium species produce myotoxins that are pathogenic to mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009384 .
obo:ARO_3003105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA3" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA3 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-43" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-43 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-9" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-9 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3007484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monensin" ;
rdfs:comment "Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis with very strong antibacterial and antiparasitic effects." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3007891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-108" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-108." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-75" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-75 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(4')-IIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007404 .
obo:ARO_3007747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "candesartan cilexetil" ;
rdfs:comment "Candesartan is an anti-hypertensive drug that was found to have antibacterial activity against MDR S. aureus. It was demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo-beta-lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo-beta-lactamases-producing bacteria. Candesartan is a metal ion chelating agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3000090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bla1" ;
rdfs:comment "Bla1 is a chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamase, found in Bacillus anthracis, which hydrolyzes penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004229 .
obo:ARO_3001859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-2" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3008149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-260" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-260." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-5" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-21" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-21 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3008915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-568" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-568." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT-431" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT-431 is an experimental beta-lactamase inhibitor shown to inhibit the action of NDM-1 and VIM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3006849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-96" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-96 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-87" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-87 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase found in Klebsiella pneumonia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-28" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-28 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-68" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-68." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-14" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3009219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Erg11 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3001400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-5" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-5 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007723 .
obo:ARO_3000715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoprenoid synthesis enzyme targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes in this pathway generate important precursors for macromolecules. While eukaryotes and prokaryotes both synthesize isoprenoids, many bacteria and notably mycobacteria use an alternative pathway that is targeted by antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3000476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(31)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet31 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in Aeromonas salmonicida, a Gram-negative bacteria. It has also been shown to be expressed in Gallibacterium anatis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant furA" ;
rdfs:comment "Transcriptional regulator furA, represses the transcription of the catalase-peroxidase gene katG and its own transcription by binding to the promoter region." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004896 .
obo:ARO_3000040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrolysis of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Hydrolysis of an antibiotic molecule to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3008691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1281" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1281." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-316" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-316." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-825" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-825 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-143 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3005569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-33" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-33 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-3 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3007787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tartrolon A" ;
rdfs:comment "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007786 .
obo:ARO_3002824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmV" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmV is a plasmid-mediated methyltransferase found in Streptomyces viridochromogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3005588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-54" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-54 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3006235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-40" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-40 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-13" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-13." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3002264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-8" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3009275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cytochrome b protein with mutations conferring resistance to azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain fungicides like strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3001339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-118" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-118 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleotide variant detected in multi-copy gene" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene has been detected in the query more than once and at least one copy encodes a nucleotide variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3002694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlA4" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA4 is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(34)" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3003504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the 16S rRNA gene of Borreliella burgdorferi can confer resistance to gentamicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3001851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-31" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-31 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-1 is the most commonly-encountered beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Up to 90% of ampicillin resistance in E. coli is due to the production of TEM-1. Also responsible for the ampicillin and penicillin resistance that is seen in H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae in increasing numbers. Although TEM-type beta-lactamases are most often found in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, they are also found in other species of gram-negative bacteria with increasing frequency. The amino acid substitutions responsible for the ESBL phenotype cluster around the active site of the enzyme and change its configuration, allowing access to oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates. Opening the active site to beta-lactam substrates also typically enhances the susceptibility of the enzyme to b-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid. Although the inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases are not ESBLs, they are often discussed with ESBLs because they are also derivatives of the classical TEM- or SHV-type enzymes. These enzymes were at first given the designation IRT for inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamase; however, all have subsequently been renamed with numerical TEM designations. There are at least 19 distinct inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases. Inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases have been found mainly in clinical isolates of E. coli, but also some strains of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii. Although the inhibitor-resistant TEM variants are resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid and sulbactam, thereby showing clinical resistance to the beta-lactam-lactamase inhibitor combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav), ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin/sulbactam, they normally remain susceptible to inhibition by tazobactam and subsequently the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam, although resistance has been described." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA27" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene from non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1066" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1066." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-199" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-199 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TLA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "TLA-3 is a beta-lactamase found in a transferable plasmid of Serratia marcescens clinical isolate. It confers resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and cefepime, but not to cefmetazole and meropenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003201 .
obo:ARO_3008680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1270" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1270." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-15" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-15 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3004608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EreD" ;
rdfs:comment "EreD is an erythromycin esterase protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000320 .
obo:ARO_3000192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(S)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(S) is a ribosomal protection protein found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. It is similar to tet(M) and tet(O)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3002493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SRT-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SRT-1, isolated from Serratia marcescens, confers resistance to cephalosporins but not carbapenems, penems and monobactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000095 .
obo:ARO_3006809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-441" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-441 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-23" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-23 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-150" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-150 is a CMY-2 variant differing by 15 amino-acid substitutions. It confers higher resistance levels to ceftazidime and aztreonam compared to CMY-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "echinocandin-resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes belonging to the P450 class of enzymes that confer resistance to the echinocandin class of drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3000628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin B4" ;
rdfs:comment "Polymyxin B4 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a heptanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_3000454 .
obo:ARO_3008845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-498" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-498." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-25" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3008800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-30" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AxyX" ;
rdfs:comment "AxyX is the inner membrane transporter of the AxyXY-OprZ efflux pump system in Achromobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dapsone" ;
rdfs:comment "Dapsone is a sulfone in which it inhibits folic acid synthesis, such as the dihydropteroate synthase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003401 .
obo:ARO_3000380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosC" ;
rdfs:comment "FosC is an enzyme that phosphorylates fosfomycin to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004245 .
obo:ARO_3004909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic resistant nat" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in nat inactivate antibiotic functioning and contribute to antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA beta-lactamase without subfamily" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases without assigned sub-family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3000689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metronidazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole that is active against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It is not effective against aerobic bacteria. Nitroimidazoles act by oxidizing DNA causing strand breaks and cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004115 .
obo:ARO_3004347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-84" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-26" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-26." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3005527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-14" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-14 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3007544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to enrofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence analysis of the gyrA gene showed that resistance of E. rhusiopathiae strains to enrofloxacin is due to a mutation at position 257." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3002195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-4" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-452" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-452 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-325" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-325." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-287" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-287 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3007458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefovecin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefovecin is a cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of skin infections in cats and dogs. It is used for the treatment of skin infections caused by Pasturella multocida in cats, and Staphylococcus in dogs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3001798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-74" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-74 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1262" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1258 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1262." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-567" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-567 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-220" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-220 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-160" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-160 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3003156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-189" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-189 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-53" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-53." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3007990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-274" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-274." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli LamB" ;
rdfs:comment "LamB is a negative regulator for antibiotic resistance, it serves as a porin to influx antibiotic. When down-regulated, it increases resistance to chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, balofloxacin and nalidixic acid. It also interacts with Odp1, an energy metabolic enzyme, creating a complex that decreases in antibiotic-resistant strains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004279 .
obo:ARO_3009203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The P450 enzyme system, which may be alternatively named the Cyp51 enzyme system in some fungi, is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to the P450/Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-31" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-31 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3005646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-223" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-223 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1005" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1005." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3005606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-183" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-183 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 mutant conferring resistance to nafcillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant PBP4 in S. aureus conferring resistance to nafcillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009659 .
obo:ARO_3005722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114w" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114w is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3005410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ELM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ELM beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Erythrobacter longus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3007089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-83" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-83 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-34" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-34 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3004239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NPS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "NPS-1 is a plasmid-encoded class D beta-lactamases identified from two Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in 1986." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004240 .
obo:ARO_3002180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-15" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-15 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3007522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-resistant cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes which include mutations or other modifications to confer resistance to antifungal drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(6)-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(6)-Ia is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. griseus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007415 .
obo:ARO_3000680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "patricin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3005962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-758" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-758 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrolide inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes shown to inactivate macrolide antibiotics by chemical modification, thereby conferring resistance to macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3003809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii OprD conferring resistance to imipenem" ;
rdfs:comment "An outer member protein (OMP) found in Acinetobacter baumannii involved in the uptake of imipenem and basic amino acids. This porin is homologous to Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprD, which performs an identical function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004278 .
obo:NCIT_C190205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "promoter variant detected" ;
rdfs:comment "A promoter has been detected in the query, but the promoter includes a nucleotide variant. Paraphrased from the NCI Thesaurus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3008366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-84" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-84." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-101" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-101." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs2 with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3009507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus awamori Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium leprae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Mycobacterium leprae gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3004709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefoxitin-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephamycin antibiotic cefoxitin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3001981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-122" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-122 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-487" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-487 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-III" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin, tobramycin and kanamycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3001769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-42" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-42 is a beta-lactamase found in Burkholderia pseudomallei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007718 .
obo:ARO_3003611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-455" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-455 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007716 .
obo:ARO_3007123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(O/W/O)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(O/W/O) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3006499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-123" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-123 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-17" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-17 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-242" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-242 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMZ-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Achromobacter mucicolens Y3, isolated from a goose on a farm in Wenzhou, showed resistance to multiple antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. AMZ-1 showed resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin and cefoxitin, and the resistance activity could be inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007693 .
obo:ARO_3002239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-48" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-48 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BKC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BKC-1 is a beta-lactamase conferring resistance to carbapenem and is found in Brazilian Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004756 .
obo:ARO_3008758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-981" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-981." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the rrnB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to tobramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3006668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-298" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-298 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-7" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-7 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3002080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-67" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-67 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-509" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-509." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1162" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1162." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3000761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecillinam" ;
rdfs:comment "Mecillinam is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic that was semi-synthetically derived to have a different drug centre, being a 6-alpha-amidinopenicillanate instead of a 6-alpha-acylaminopenicillanate. Contrasting most beta-lactam drugs, mecillinam is most active against Gram-negative bacteria. It binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3005496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-48" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-48 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-X" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate kanamycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3000656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrS" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrS is a repressor of the AcrAB efflux complex and is associated with the expression of AcrEF. AcrS is believed to regulate a switch between AcrAB and AcrEF efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-269" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-269." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antifungal drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3004560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "murG transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "murG acetylglucosaminyltransferase enzymes inhibited by vancomycin. Mutations in murG confer resistance to vancomycin through antibiotic target alteration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salA" ;
rdfs:comment "salA is an ABC-F subfamily protein gene isolated from the chromosome of Mammaliicoccus sciuri conferring resistance to lincosamides and streptogramins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007030 .
obo:ARO_3009518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyricularia pennisetigena Cyp51A with mutations associated with resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-21" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-21 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in many species of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prothioconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Prothioconazole is a member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione substituted at position 2 by a 2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl group. It is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a tertiary alcohol, a member of cyclopropanes and a thiocarbonyl compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3007894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-111" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-111." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bmr" ;
rdfs:comment "bmr is an MFS antibiotic efflux pump that confers resistance to multiple drugs including acridine dyes, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, chloramphenicol, and puromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipid A acyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipid A acyltransferase genes confer resistance to certain types of peptide antibiotics such as polymyxins through the aminoacylation of lipopolysaccharide, thereby decreasing the negative charge of the outer membrane surface." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 , obo:ARO_3007429 .
obo:ARO_3008355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-239" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-239." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-720" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-720 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-39" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-39 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-8" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-705" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-705 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-548-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-548." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3000481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(35)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet35 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in the Gram-negative Vibrio and Stenotrophomonas. It is unrelated to other tet resistance genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3001888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-26" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-26 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of class A beta-lactamase enzymes, RSA beta-lactamases show carbapenemase and cephalosporinase activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-378" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-378 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A32" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A32." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3006870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CSA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CSA-2 is a CSA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005401 .
obo:ARO_3009478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to benomyl" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3009030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA-4" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PLA-4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005433 .
obo:ARO_3003893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli uhpA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "uhpA is a positive activator of the fosfomycin importer uhpT, thus mutations to uhpA confer fosfomycin resistance by reducing uhpT expression. Both knockout and amino acid substitution mutations have been found that confer resistance, with the Protein Knockout model describing the large, knockout mutations causing loss of function of the gene, and the Protein Variant model describing the amino acid substitutions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004249 .
obo:ARO_3007489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB10" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene found on a mega-plasmid (0.4 Mb) from a Pseudomonas putida strain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-955" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-955." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-184" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-184." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-155" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-155 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tartrolon F" ;
rdfs:comment "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007786 .
obo:ARO_3003553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CepS" ;
rdfs:comment "CEPS is a typical class C cephalosporinase found in Aeromonas sobria, first isolated from strain 163a." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004199 .
obo:ARO_3007074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "capreomycin phosphotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Capreomycin family of phosphotransferases confer resistance to capreomycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3002036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-25" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-25 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-148" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-148." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-80" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-80 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv3008" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Rv3008 can contribute to or confer resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-364" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-364 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-64" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-64 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-265" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-265 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgbA" ;
rdfs:comment "vgbA inactivates streptogramin B-type antibiotics by linearizing the lactone ring on the ester bond using an elimination mechanism, thus conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000376 .
obo:ARO_3000219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mutant efflux regulatory protein conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Efflux regulatory proteins with mutations that result in increased expression of efflux proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-311" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-311." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-54" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-54 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-985" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-985." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Isa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Isa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Streptomyces albulus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DnaA chromosomal replication initiation protein" ;
rdfs:comment "The DnaA family of replication initiation proteins interact with RNA polymerase to confer resistance against rifampicin anitibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000507 .
obo:ARO_3005865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-645" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-645 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3006091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-903" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-903 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_2000002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inner_membrane_protein_of" ;
rdfs:comment "A component of tripartite efflux systems that resides in the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that actively transports substrates out of the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3001674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-249" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-249 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-302" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-302 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-87" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-87 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3003832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ticarcillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3009128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penamecillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Penamecillin is a semisynthetic derivative penicillanic acid ester that is the acetoxymethyl ester of benzylpenicillin. It is a prodrug for benzylpenicillin with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3007056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori nitroreductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Inactivation of the oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductases in Helicobacter pylori play a role in metronidazole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(6)-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(6)-Ib is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by transferable pathogenicity islands in C. fetus subsp. fetus and B. subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007399 .
obo:ARO_3007155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazine antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics derived from pyrazine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3009257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr3 with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for proteins that maintain the phospholipid bilayer permeability in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3009431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium graminearum beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to thiabendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin. Thiabendazole is a unique member of the benzimidazole class that can be used for human treatment. Benzimidazoles like thiabendazole are structurally defined as imidazole rings fused to benzene rings." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3005810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-589" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-589 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3000720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine" ;
rdfs:comment "The acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine group is found at the terminal end of the pentapeptide chains of peptidoglycan subunits. Antibiotics that bind to this group block the addition of subunits, inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. This group is most accessible in Gram-postive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000721 .
obo:ARO_3008144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-255" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-255." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-147" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-147 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-20" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-20." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3007671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile nimB" ;
rdfs:comment "Clostridioides difficile nimB is a heme-dependent flavin enzyme that degrades nitroimidazoles to amines lacking antimicrobial activity. NimB expression alone is not sufficient for nitroimidazole resistance. Constitutive transcription of nimB, which is driven by a mutation in the promoter PnimBG, is a mechanism of clinically-relevant heme-dependent metronidazole resistance in C. difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3008963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-616" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-616." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-185" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-185 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-159" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-159 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-232" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-232 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexD" ;
rdfs:comment "MexD is the multidrug inner membrane transporter of the MexCD-OprJ complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "leuO" ;
rdfs:comment "leuO, a LysR family transcription factor, exists in a wide variety of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and is involved in the regulation of as yet unidentified genes affecting the stress response and pathogenesis expression. LeuO is also an activator of the MdtNOP efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3009208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS2 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3005693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-44" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-44 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3002721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB7" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB7 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmG" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmG is a rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase that protects the ribosome from inactivation due to antibiotic binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-238" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-238 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA7" ;
rdfs:comment "cphA7 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas jandaei. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3007512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Voriconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia, and infections caused by Candida spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3004576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(61)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline-resistance ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3005676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-27" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-27 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3005951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-747" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-747 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-250" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-250 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-336" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-336." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-188" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-188." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-339" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-339 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae rpld" ;
rdfs:comment "rpld encodes for the 50S L4 ribosomal protein, is a macrolide resistance protein identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005001 .
obo:ARO_3005476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-70" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-70 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_0000028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vancomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is unusual in that it acts by binding precursors of peptidoglycan, rather than by interacting with an enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3000160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaI" ;
rdfs:comment "blaI acts as a repressor of transcription of the blaZ/blaR1/blaI operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000100 .
obo:ARO_3008907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-560" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-560." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-373" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-373 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3002095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-82" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-82 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "<" ;
rdfs:comment "Less than MIC value." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004519 .
obo:ARO_3008943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-596" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-596." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-545" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-545 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-11" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-11 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium meningosepticum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3001158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-109" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-109 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-222" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-222 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium avium gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone" ;
rdfs:comment "Amino acid substitution mutations in Mycobacterium avium gyrA observed to confer resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3002844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatE" ;
rdfs:comment "vatE is a transposon-mediated acetyltransferase found in Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3000775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeB" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeB is the multidrug transporter of the adeABC efflux system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanW gene in vanI cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanWI, is a vanW variant found in the vanI gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000002 .
obo:ARO_3006334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-162" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-162 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation catalog" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is almost exclusively SNVs. Unlike other organisms, culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing for TB is very challenging. The TB community instead developed a likelihood framework, based on statistical association of SNVs with observed phenotypic resistance across a large number of sequenced genomes, organized as mutation catalogs. It is important to note that each catalog may recycle data from earlier catalogs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3008360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-48" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-48." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefetamet" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefetamet is a third-generation semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic that inactivates inner cell wall PBPs through targeting binding, resulting in cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3008118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-181" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-181." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-199" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-199." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-45" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-45 is a NDM class B metallo beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3004489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-663" ;
rdfs:comment "An OXA-10 family class beta-lactamase identified from a Klebsiella pneumoniae BIDMC 35 isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-85" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftazidime-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-85." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-60-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-60." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3001534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-346" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-346 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GPC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GPC is a class A beta-lactamase family. It is found initially in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It confers resistance to B-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-251" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-251 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-71" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-71 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN-4" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN-4 is a ORN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005429 .
obo:ARO_3003197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA25" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance gene found in Pasteurella multocida isolated from bovine respiratory tract." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3002710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA4" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA4 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Shewanella algae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-504" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-504." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ciprofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3000189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oritavancin" ;
rdfs:comment "Oritavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of chloroeremomycin, a vancomycin-like glycopeptide. Oritavancin inhibits both transglycosylation and transpeptidation, by binding both the D-Ala-D-Ala and pentaglycine bridge segments of peptidoglycan to inhibit cell wall formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3008015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-305" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-305." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-501" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-501 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzothiostrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Strobilurins, also known as QOI fungicides, are a group of fungicides originally isolated from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus that inhibit mitochondrial respiration by binding to Complex III in the electron transport chain thereby disrupting the fungus's ability to produce energy. Benzothiostrobin is a novel strobilurin fungicide with no pubchem, chebi or chembl entries as of 08/31/25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009305 .
obo:ARO_3004725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vancomycin-resistant beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC)" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in rpoC, an RNA polymerase subunit, which confer resistance to vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003289 .
obo:ARO_3003078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium liaR mutant conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "liaR is a response regulator found in the liaFSR signal transduction pathway. Mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003279 , obo:ARO_3004263 .
obo:ARO_3005552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-39" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-39 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-992" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-992." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-1 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004228 .
obo:ARO_3001653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-132" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-132 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-53" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-53 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-110" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-110 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1140" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1140." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-403" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-403 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethionamide resistant nudC" ;
rdfs:comment "nudC is a NADH pyrophosphatase that is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Mutations that occur on the nudC gene resulting in the inability for ethionamide to function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004891 .
obo:ARO_3003997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amoxicillin-clavulanic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic Amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Clavulanic Acid (potassium clavulanate)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3006080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-888" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-888 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cutibacterium acnes 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracycline binds tightly to the helix 34 domain in 16S rRNA, where it interferes sterically with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome A site to block protein synthesis. Mutations in the nucleotide sequence in this domain for Cutibacterium acnes can result in resistance against tetracycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003669 .
obo:ARO_3009315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "klebsazolicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Klebsazolicin is a peptide antibiotic encoded by and identified from the genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsazolicin is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide with antibiotic activity against gram-negative bacteria. Klebsazolicin inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis through binding and thus blocking peptide access." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3006726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-357" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-357 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-51" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-51 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BcI" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase I is a class A beta-lactamase that breaks down a number of penicillins and cephalosporins in the Bacillus cereus strain 569/H/9." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007100 .
obo:ARO_3003428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "porin proteins permeable to antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Porin proteins permeable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3000003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic without defined classification" ;
rdfs:comment "These compounds are antibiotics of unique structure or origin, without a defined classification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT3310" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental diazabicyclooctane beta-lactamase inhibitor that contains a fluorine atom in place of the carboxamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3003875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Enterococcus faecium elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001312 .
obo:ARO_3002914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanJ" ;
rdfs:comment "vanJ is a novel membrane protein that confers resistance to teicoplanin and its derivatives in Streptomyces coelicolor by recycling undecaprenol pyrophosphate during cell wall biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004255 .
obo:ARO_3007523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triazole-resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes which include mutations to confer resistance to triazole-class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3001029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-163" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-163 is an inhibitor resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-66" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase GES-66." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-32" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-32 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-374" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-374 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-39" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-39 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-84" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-84 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-70" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-70 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin N" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3003114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-222" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-222 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "viomycin phosphotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Viomycin family of phosphotransferases confer resistance to viomycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3006361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-192" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-192 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-590" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-590 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MOC beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamase found in Myroides odoratus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Diamide is primarily used as an insecticide with evidence of mammalian toxicity. This compound is chemically classified as being part of the monoazo group. FungAMR listed this compound as having some anti-fungal properties." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3005009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacE" ;
rdfs:comment "QacE is a resistance gene conferring resistance to antiseptics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abcA" ;
rdfs:comment "AbcA is a multidrug resistant ABC transporter that confers resistance to methicillin, daptomycin, cefotaxime, and moenomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3005335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-496" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-496 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-134 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3001668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-219" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-219 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-188" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-188." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-47" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-47 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IVa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IV is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. coli, C. jejuni and P. stutzeri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007387 .
obo:ARO_3002792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS3" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS3 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin resistant Rv1258c" ;
rdfs:comment "An efflux pump in mycobacterium that contributes to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. The pump uses the electrochemical gradient as a source of energy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007183 .
obo:ARO_3009394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance against amphotericin B" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit polyene activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009194 .
obo:ARO_3007851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "delamanid-resistant fgd1" ;
rdfs:comment "Genetic variants of F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Fgd1 with mutations associated with resistance to the nitroimidazole antibiotic delamanid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007850 .
obo:ARO_3005706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114f" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114f is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3005597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-174" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-174 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mtrR" ;
rdfs:comment "MtrR is a repressor of mtrCDE expression. Mutations in mtrR increase multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3005886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-678" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-678 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-585" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-585." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-111" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-111 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-186" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-186 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iaf" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iaf is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-13" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Nepal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-233" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase SHV-233." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1255" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1255." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-39" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-39 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CIM (C. indologenes MBL) are a family of subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamases originally identified from Chryseobacterium indologenes, and which exhibit carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3006511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-134" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-134 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-335" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-335 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3004934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mshC mutations conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in mshC resulting in or contributing to conferring resistance to ethionamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004890 .
obo:ARO_3009330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase" ;
rdfs:comment "This enzyme is essential to the purine biosynthesis pathway in wild-type eukaryotes including fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3008563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1145" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-286 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1145." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-IIc" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-IIc is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in E. cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007396 .
obo:ARO_3003919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lysocin family of peptide antibiotics isolated from Lysobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3005843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-622" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-622 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-5-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3008415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-70" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-70." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-104" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-104 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-265" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-265 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3009000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A22" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A22." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3007702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-184-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-184." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3009666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARD-R" ;
rdfs:comment "Computer-generated resistome predictions for 414 important pathogens at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. Includes sequence variants beyond those reported in the scientific literature, as well as prevalence statistics for AMR genes among pathogens, genomes, and plasmids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3007467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulbactam-durlobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "SUL-DUR or sulbactam-durlobactam (formerly ETX2514SUL) is a novel beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor designed specifically for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3003417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant inhA" ;
rdfs:comment "inhA is a enoyl-acyl carrier reductase used in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. It is inhibited by isoniazid. Mutations in the promoter region or multiple copies of the inhA shows marked resistance to isoniazid mediated inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-5" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY beta-lactamases are plasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamases that encodes for resistance to cephamycins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000086 , obo:ARO_3000087 .
obo:ARO_3003993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "capreomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Capreomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, capable of treating a large number of infections but in particular used for killing bacteria causing tuberculosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3003886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-80" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-80 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3003810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kirromycin self resistant EF-Tu" ;
rdfs:comment "Natural producers of kirromycin and kirromycin-like antibiotics (i.e., kirrothrycin) possess self-resistance, which is classified here." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 .
obo:ARO_3009167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fludioxinil" ;
rdfs:comment "A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria. It has a role as an androgen antagonist, an estrogen receptor agonist and an antifungal agrochemical. It was noted as being the only fungicide still providing protection against multirestitant fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3002383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SME-5" ;
rdfs:comment "SME-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000055 .
obo:ARO_3006712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-342" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-342 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Itraconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It has broad spectrum activity against Candida and Malassezia species and Dermatophytes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3005327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-672" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-672 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-286 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB64" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB64 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-111" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-111 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida metapsilosis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-1,3-glucan synthase is utilised by fungi in their cell wall synthesis. Echinocandins are a group of anti-fungal compounds that inhibit this pathway, thereby combating a fungal infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3002541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-VIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-VIIa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Streptomyces rimosus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007389 .
obo:ARO_3008985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-638" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-638." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EfrAB" ;
rdfs:comment "EfrAB is a heterodimeric ABC transporter efflux pump found in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium that confers resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, rifampicin, quinupristine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-12" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas putida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALG11 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ALG11 beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3007010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norC" ;
rdfs:comment "NorC is a multidrug efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus that confers resistance to fluoroquinolones and other structurally unrelated antibiotics like tetracycline. It shares 61% similarity with NorB, and is a structural homolog of Blt of Bacillus subtilis. Like NorA and NorB, NorC is regulated by mgrA, also known as NorR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-550" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-550 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007726 .
obo:ARO_3002277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-7" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-351" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-351 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Helicobacter pylori shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3004678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtE" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoglycoside-resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3002941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanO cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSO, is a vanS variant found in the vanO gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3003654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-134" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-134 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-185" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-185 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-8" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-8 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3004176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma hominis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycoplasma hominis shown to confer resistance to macrolide type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3005289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-212" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-212 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-18" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-18 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "baeR" ;
rdfs:comment "BaeR is a response regulator that promotes the expression of MdtABC and AcrD efflux complexes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3002974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanTr gene in vanL cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanTrL, is a vanT variant found in the vanL gene cluster. vanTrL codes for the racemase component of vanT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000372 .
obo:ARO_3004047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kdpD" ;
rdfs:comment "kdpD is a component of the two-component regulatory system, kdpDE. This system is involved in potassium transport and homeostasis, and has been implicated in virulence factor regulation along with kdpE." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3003406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrnB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 5' domain of helix 18, in the rrnB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3006473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-15" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-15 is a FOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3004109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli rob" ;
rdfs:comment "rob is a positive regulator for the acrAB efflux genes, and is structurally similar to SoxS and MarA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000825 .
obo:ARO_3002337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-8" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3002065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-54" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-54 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-80" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-80 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG mutations conferring resistance to prothionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG conferring resistance to prothionamide, an analogue of isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005101 .
obo:ARO_3002012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-43" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-43 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_136512071.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-420" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-420 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3000021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The Verone integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) family was reported from Italy in 1999. There are, to date, 23 reported variants. VIM enzymes mostly occur in P. aeruginosa, also P. putida and, very rarely, Enterobacteriaceae. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors. There is a strong incidence of these in East Asia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3003931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Capnocytophaga gingivalis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Capnocytophaga gingivalis that decreases binding affinity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to gyrA, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3007978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-262" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-262." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-158" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-158." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein of two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux" ;
rdfs:comment "A protein, either a histidine kinase or a response regulator, that is part of a two-component regulatory system that directly or indirectly change rates of antibiotic efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3004629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Im" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Im is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids in E. coli, and E. faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3006576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-197" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-197 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-241" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-241 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-247" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-247 is a TEM class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-141" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-141 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-24" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3003446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant iniA" ;
rdfs:comment "iniA, an isoniazid-induced protein, is part of the iniBAC operon that participates in the development of tolerance to both isoniazid and ethambutol. May function through a MDR-pump like mechanism, although it does not appear to directly transport isoniazid from the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-2 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LUS beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Pedobacter lusitanus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ii" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ii is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Enterococcus spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3007760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tulathromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tulathromycin is an antibacterial of the macrolide class of drugs. It is a 15-membered macrolide structure and considered a triamilide macrolide with three charged nitrogens. It is derived from azalide macrolides, such as azithromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3000894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-24" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-24 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-611" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-611." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "echinocandin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandins are a group of antibiotics, particularly antifungals, that target the target glucan synthase, an enzyme involved in the cell wall biosynthesis of fungi. They typically induce adaptive mechanisms that promote resistance such as heat shock protein 90, cell wall integrity pathway, high osmolarity glycerol pathway, and chitin biosynthesis. The three main echinocandins are caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-173" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-173." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OpmH" ;
rdfs:comment "OpmH is an outer membrane efflux protein required for triclosan-specific efflux pump function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-278" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-278 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.10" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin (colistin) resistance gene variant identified from an Escherichia porcine isolate in Great Britain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-583" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-583 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3001452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-140" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-140 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACI beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of class A beta-lactamase enzymes described in the gram-negative cocci Acidaminococcus fermentans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chrB" ;
rdfs:comment "ChrB is a methyltransferase found in Streptomyces bikiniensis and confers resistance to chalcomycin, mycinamicin, and tylosin. Specifically, this enzyme adds a methyl group to guanosine 748 (E. coli numbering). chrB is found in the chalcomycin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance in S. bikiniensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 , obo:ARO_3001298 .
obo:ARO_3007456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrL" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrL is a gene encoding a trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) identified in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3003665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NmcR" ;
rdfs:comment "NmcR is a homolog of the LysR regulator found in Enterobacter cloacae that contribute to the regulation of NmcA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000100 .
obo:DOID_11394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adult respiratory distress sydrome" ;
rdfs:comment "A respiratory failure that results from diffuse injury to the endothelium of the lung (as in sepsis, chest trauma, massive blood transfusion, aspiration of the gastric contents, or pneumonia) and is characterized by pulmonary edema with an abnormally high amount of protein in the edematous fluid and by difficult rapid breathing and hypoxemia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:DOID_11162 .
obo:ARO_3009585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3008620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1208" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-211 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1208." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3005404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHT2 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "DHT2 beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-164" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-164 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1287" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1287." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium avium 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycobacterium avium shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_0000058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefazolin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline or cephazolin, is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is administered parenterally, and is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3003511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli soxS with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxS is a global regulator that up-regulates the expression of AcrAB efflux genes. It also reduces OmpF expression to decrease cell membrane permeability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000837 .
obo:ARO_3006921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA9" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA9 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3005832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-611" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-611 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1003" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1003." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-34" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-34." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3004774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CME beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CME is a class A beta-lactamase gene family belonging to Chryseobacterium meningosepticum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-276" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-276." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PFM-4" ;
rdfs:comment "PFM-4 (BioF) is a class B2 metallo-beta-lactamase first identified in Pseudomonas. It belongs to the PFM-like beta-lactamase gene family. It confers resistance to carbapenems and some cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005432 .
obo:ARO_3006376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-207" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-207 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-470" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-470 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3006199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-74" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-74 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-528" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-528 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces halstedii and Streptomyces thermotolerans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3008005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-289" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-289." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinupristin-dalfopristin" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail of the streptogramin A dalfopristin and the streptogramin B quinupristin antibiotics. Used particularly to treat MRSA and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3005278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-118" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-118 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC5" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC5 is an integron-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Vibrio fluvialis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-834" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-834 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-56" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-56 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_087744800.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanP" ;
rdfs:comment "vanP is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that synthesizes D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It is associated with both vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3007961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-89" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-89." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-51" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-51 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgaB" ;
rdfs:comment "Vga(B) is an ABC-F protein expressed in staphylococci that confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics and related compounds. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3007813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-76" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-76 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-418" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-418 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AxyZ" ;
rdfs:comment "AxyZ is a transcriptional regulator of the AxyXY-OprZ efflux pump system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3001992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-134" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-134 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-36" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-36 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin G" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3007845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SIE beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SIE is a subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase with enzymatic activity against cephalosporins and carbapanems, first identified from Sphingobium indicum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3007100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class A Bacillus cereus Bc beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A Bacillus cereus Bc beta-lactamases are enzymes that break down beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-14" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-14 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute list of LEN beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-421" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-421 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CMA beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases found in Cronobacter malonaticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3009652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tsnR 23S rRNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "TsnR gene produce 23S rRNA methyltransferase enzymes which are associated with resistance to the peptide antibiotic thiostrepton." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009651 .
obo:ARO_3005088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msrH" ;
rdfs:comment "msrH is a ABC-F binding cassette ribosomal protection protein. It confers resistance to macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3002109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-96" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-96 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY" ;
rdfs:comment "VanY is a D,D-carboxypeptidase that cleaves removes the terminal D-Ala from peptidoglycan for the addition of D-Lactate. The D-Ala-D-Lac peptidoglycan subunits have reduced binding affinity with vancomycin compared to D-Ala-D-Ala." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3000839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arlS" ;
rdfs:comment "ArlS is a protein histidine kinase that phosphorylates ArlR, a promoter for norA expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmC" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmC is a methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA in two steps. Expression of ErmC is inducible by erythromycin. The leader peptide causes attenuation of the mRNA and stabilizes the structure preventing further translation. When erythromycin is present, it binds the leader peptide causing a change in conformation allowing for the expression of ErmC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3004566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifalazil" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifalazil is a rifamycin derivative antibiotic, sometimes used for treating Clostridioides difficile infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 .
obo:ARO_3007287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.7" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-635" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-635." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexHI-OpmD" ;
rdfs:comment "MexHI-OpmD is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexH is the membrane fusion protein, MexI is the inner membrane resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter, and OpmD is the outer membrane factor protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3000786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MdsABC" ;
rdfs:comment "MdsABC, or GesABC, is a RND-type efflux complex found in Salmonella. In addition to its metal-efflux system, GesABC is also capable of exporting beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and thiamphenicol. GesB is the inner membrane transporter and is similar to MexF; GesA is the membrane-fusion protein, and GesC is the outer membrane factor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3000338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "linearization of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes that confer antibiotic resistance by hydrolyzing bonds to linearize and deactivate antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3000997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-133" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-133 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-321" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-321 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-28" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-28." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3005359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-27" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-27 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_077064886.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BPI" ;
rdfs:comment "Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) protein is a member of a new generation of proteins known as super-antibiotics that are implicated as endotoxin neutralising agents. The potent (nM) cytotoxicity of BPI is limited to gram-negative bacteria (GNB), reflecting the high affinity (<10 nM) of BPI for bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Binding of BPI to live bacteria via LPS causes immediate growth arrest, actual killing coincides with later damage to the inner membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3001054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-194" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-194 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-740" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-740 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-165" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-165 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-794" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-794 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3009214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-245" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-245 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3000736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rho transcription terminator factor" ;
rdfs:comment "The rho transcription terminator factor moves along RNA as it is transcribed, unwinding the RNA from the DNA. It is also responsible for recognizing transcription termination pause sites, slowing down RNA polymerase and allowing mRNA to be released." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3002646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IIc" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-IIc is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007408 .
obo:ARO_3002614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA14" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA14 is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in Pasteurella multocida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3000823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ramA" ;
rdfs:comment "RamA (resistance antibiotic multiple) is a positive regulator of AcrAB-TolC and leads to high level multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter aerugenes, increasing the expression of both the mar operon as well as AcrAB. RamA also decreases OmpF expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-98" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-98." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class A Mycobacterium abscessus beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamse from M. abscessus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-13" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-13 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3008840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-493" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-493." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-10.5" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPN79 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SPN beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-274-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-274." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3000166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(B)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(B) is a tetracycline efflux protein expressed in many Gram-negative bacteria. It confers resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, but not tigecycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-385" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-385 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-2" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK-2 is a LHK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:ARO_3009550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to boscalid" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is central to several fungal metabolisms, inclusive of sterol biosynthesis. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides target the SDH complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, blocking respiration and ATP production. Although SDHIs do not directly target P450 enzymes, mutations or altered expression in certain fungal P450s can affect drug detoxification and cellular metabolism, thereby contributing to conferred resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009549 .
obo:ARO_3005140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-56" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-56 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 4883." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-80" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-80 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyraclostrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Strobilurins, also known as QOI fungicides, are a group of fungicides originally isolated from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus that inhibit mitochondrial respiration by binding to Complex III in the electron transport chain thereby disrupting the fungus's ability to produce energy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009305 .
obo:ARO_3004042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterobacter cloacae acrA" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrA is a subunit of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system in E. cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000207 .
obo:ARO_3007149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonic acid antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "demeclocycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Demeclocycline is a tetracycline analog with 7-chloro and 6-methyl groups. Due to its fast absorption and slow excretion, it maintains higher effective blood levels compared to other tetracyclines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3003790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium liaF mutant conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "liaF is an accessory protein that acts as a negative regulator of liaRS signal transduction pathway. Mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003279 , obo:ARO_3004262 .
obo:ARO_3003390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli ompF with mutation conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "The Escherichia coli ompF (oprF) is a nonspecific porin channel involved in the membrane translocation of small hydrophilic molecules, including and especially beta-lactam antibiotics. Mutations in ompF can decrease diffusion of antibiotics across the cellular membrane, thereby decreasing overall susceptibility through absence of porin function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000265 .
obo:ARO_3006431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-51" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-51 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PST-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PST-1 is a PST beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005437 .
obo:ARO_3008112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-175" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-175." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-790" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-790." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3001899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-37" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-37 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-110" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-110 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-6" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-6 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant murA transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "murA or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase catalyses the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and is inhibited by fosfomycin. Overexpression of murA through mutations confers fosfomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-24" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-24 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3004334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to triclosan" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium which have been shown to increase the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic triclosan. It is hypothesized that decreased susceptibility to triclosan in Salmonella gyrA mutants occurs indirectly due to alterations in the stress response pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004333 .
obo:ARO_3006312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-137" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-137 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-3" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3005057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(X5)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(X5) is a tetracycline inactivating enzyme. It is a variant of tet(X)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3006645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-270" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-270 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-21" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-21 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BAT Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BAT is a class D beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3003601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-445" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-445 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-101" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-101 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.15" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TRU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C beta-lactamase endogenous to Aeromonas enteropelogenes (tructi)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3008531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1113" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1113." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-27" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-27 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-557" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-557." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3007500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imidazole antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Imidazoles are a group of antibiotics, particularly antifungals, derived from azoles. Imidazoles include imidazole derivatives clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, econazole and oxiconazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007495 .
obo:ARO_3008370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-91" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-91." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51C with mutations conferring resistance to difenoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosG" ;
rdfs:comment "FosG is a glutathione transferase that confers resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3009041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSC1-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase RSC1-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007878 .
obo:ARO_3002635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(2'')-IIa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. faecium and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000128 .
obo:ARO_3003575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpxD" ;
rdfs:comment "The LpxD gene is widely known to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A in Gram-negative bacteria and mutations to this gene may cause resistance to antimicrobial peptides that target the outer membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003581 .
obo:ARO_3005687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-38" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-38 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gramicidin" ;
rdfs:comment "Gramicidins are a family of antibiotics synthesized by Bacillus brevis. It includes the linear pentadecapeptides gramicidin A, B and C that make up the mixture gramicidin D. Gramicidin S is a cyclic peptide chain. Gramicidins are also components of tyrothricins, another mixture of antibiotics produced by Bacillus brevis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3002286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-16" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlA9" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA9 is a Major Facilitator Superfamily efflux gene that is found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RAHN beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Rahnella aquatilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-16" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-16 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Phaeosphaeria nodorum Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to propiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pneumoniae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Streptococcus pneumoniae parC resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3007765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marinomycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Marinomycin B is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007763 .
obo:ARO_3001403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-8" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-8 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-216" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-624" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-624." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kitasamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Kitasamycin is a macrolide antibiotic and is produced by Streptoverticillium kitasatoense. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3003860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-16" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3004869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-26" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3000678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pristinamycin IC" ;
rdfs:comment "Pristinamycin IC is a class B streptogramin derived from virginiamycin S1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3003731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusD" ;
rdfs:comment "A specific fusidic acid resistance gene conferring intrinsic resistance in the bacteria Staphylococcus saprophyticus. FusD behaves by causing dissociation of EF-G from the ribosome thus counteracting the action of Fusidic acid. It is considered a FusB-type protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005086 .
obo:ARO_3006339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-167" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-167 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-579" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-579." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpsL mutations conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribosomal protein S12 stabilizes the highly conserved pseudoknot structure formed by 16S rRNA. Amino acid substitutions in RpsL affect the higher-order structure of 16S rRNA and confer streptomycin resistance by disrupting interactions between 16S rRNA and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003419 .
obo:ARO_3003756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli nfsB with mutation conferring resistance to nitrofurantoin" ;
rdfs:comment "nfsB encodes the minor oxygen-insesitive nitroreductase in E. coli. The first step of resistance to nitrofurazone is mutation of nfsA, while the increased resistance associated with second step mutants is a consequence of nfsB mutation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003755 .
obo:ARO_3006219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-24" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-24 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3003982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LlmA 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Lincosamide (Clindamycin) resistant (putative) ribosomal methyltransferase related to the RlmK 23S rRNA methyltransferase COG family. Detected in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, an isolated strain of Paenibacillus found in Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004273 .
obo:ARO_3008057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-347" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-347." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-136" ;
rdfs:comment "A CMY-2-like beta-lactamase which confers resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics, and is also capable of hydrolyzing the CMY-2 inhibitors ticarcillin and cloxacillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "baicalin" ;
rdfs:comment "Baicalin is a flavonoid compound that is able to inhibit the activity of tetK and MsrA antibiotic efflux pumps. It is also able to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms and disrupt quorum sensing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007077 , obo:ARO_3007225 , obo:ARO_3007321 .
obo:ARO_3009289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pneumocystis jerovecii dhfr with mutations associated with resistance to pentamidine" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme integral to nucleotide and protein synthesis for eukaryotic life inclusive of fungi. This enzyme is targeted by certain drugs to to halt nucleotide synthesis and killing the target eukaryotic cell. Some of these drugs are useful against fungal infections, but mutations to this gene can lead to resistance against such intervention." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009284 .
obo:ARO_3000726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentaglycyl bridge" ;
rdfs:comment "The pentaglycyl bridge is part of Gram-positive peptidoglycan, allowing the formation of a thick and rigid cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000721 .
obo:ARO_3001250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin B was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin B has a monosaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin A. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3004963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis eis with mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in eis that contribute to or confer resistance to kanamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004962 .
obo:ARO_3008187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-60" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase GES-60." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3003276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant rpoB" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme that is necessary for transcription. The beta-subunit of RNA polymerase forms the active center of the enzyme and template/transcript binding sites. Mutations in rpoB gene confers antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(47)" ;
rdfs:comment "Chromosome-encoded gene conferring MLSB resistance. Identified from Helcococcus kunzii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3008172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-34" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase DHA-34." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3005107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prothionamide resistant mshA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in mshA conferring resistance to prothionamide, an analogue of isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004900 .
obo:ARO_3002750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB35" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB35 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-943" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-943 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Amikacin sensitive Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptible to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003264 .
obo:ARO_3000058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR beta-lactamases are plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases that confer resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3005128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-47" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-47 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to azithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Neisseria gonorrhoea shown to confer resistance to azithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3002376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-7" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-7 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3009317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzimidazole antifungal" ;
rdfs:comment "Benzimidazoles are an antibiotic class that is structurally characterized by fused imidazole and benzene rings. They act by inhibiting beta-tubulin, which is essential to the cytoskeletal structures. They are shown to exhibit antifungal activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3008878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-531" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class C beta-lactamase PDC-531." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs1 with mutations conferring resistance to miconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3003445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA mutations conferring resistance to aminoglycosides" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations that arise in Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA resulting in aminoglycosides resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003443 .
obo:ARO_3000155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(4)" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of hygromycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3008325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-202" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-202." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1124" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1124." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-13" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-13 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1151" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1151." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-210" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-210." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mezlocillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mezlocillin is a penicillin derivative taken parenterally." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3001169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-122" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-122 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli CpxR" ;
rdfs:comment "The Escherichia coli CpxR/CpxA system responds to general periplasmic stress and has been used as a model two-component system for transcription regulation in bacteria. CpxR/CpxA system facilitates Salmonella and E. coli resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides.The CpxR/CpxA system can activate transcription of marRAB operon, thus facilitating multidrug-resistant regulator to enhance expression of TolC-dependent tripartite multidrug transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000831 .
obo:ARO_3001100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-42" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-42 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(K)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetK is a tetracycline efflux protein found in both Gram-negative (Haemophilus and Gallibacterium) and Gram-positive (many species, including mycobacteria) bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-18" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-18 is a member of subclass B3 GOB family of beta-lactamases isolated from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. GOB-18 is unlike other subclass B3 beta-lactamases as it is fully active against a broad range of beta-lactam substrates using a single Zn(II) ion in its active site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3009271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-resistant ase1" ;
rdfs:comment "The ase1 gene encodes a microtubule associated protein that is particularly involved in the mitotic spindle formation and stabilization during cell division. Alterations in cell division can often lead to major genetic adaptations, such as the development of aneuploidy. In instances where a fungi can survive a major genetic adaptation, the resultant mutant could exhibit antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanJ membrane protein" ;
rdfs:comment "vanJ and vanJ homologue proteins confer resistance to teicoplanin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3008784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-10-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-10-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-67" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-67 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_0000011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cloxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009125 .
obo:ARO_3006567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-188" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-188 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfamerazine" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfamerazine is a sulfonamide anti-infective used to treat bacterial infections, such as bronchitis, prostatitis, and urinary tract infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3001149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-97" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-97 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterococcus faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "proflavine" ;
rdfs:comment "Proflavine, also called proflavin and diaminoacridine, is an acriflavine derivative, a disinfectant bacteriostatic against many gram-positive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005386 .
obo:ARO_3000877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-5" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-5 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAK beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AAK beta-lactamases are a group of class A beta-lactamases found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "WUS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "WUS-1 is a WUS beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007440 .
obo:ARO_3003161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-423" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-423 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-164" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-164 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-975" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-975." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-120" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-120 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli fabI mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid and triclosan" ;
rdfs:comment "fabI is a enoyl-acyl carrier reductase used in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. The bacterial biocide Triclosan blocks the final reduction step in fatty acid elongation, inhibiting biosynthesis. Point mutations in fabI can confer resistance to Triclosan and Isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004270 .
obo:ARO_3001429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-35" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-35 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3005513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-65" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-65 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-75" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-75 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "almE" ;
rdfs:comment "almE is a glycyltransferase found in Vibrio cholerae that transfers glycine to the carrier protein almF. almE is part of the almEFG polymyxin resistance operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007432 .
obo:ARO_3000075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class D beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamases are one of the subgroups of beta-lactamases that are classified as serine enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000001 .
obo:ARO_3001922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-61" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-61 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "broth dilution method" ;
rdfs:comment "The microbial species are inoculated in liquid growth medium containing incremental dilutions (usually 2-fold) of the antimicrobial agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3001548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-361" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-361 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3005066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "parRS" ;
rdfs:comment "parRS is a two-component sensor that mediates MexXY/OprM and porin OprD to confer resistance to polycationic antibiotics. It has multiple mechanisms of resistance such as LPS modification, efflux mediation and reduced porin pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 , obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3002171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-6" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-6 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3007572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cinnamaldehyde" ;
rdfs:comment "Cinnamaldehyde was found to enhance the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDR Salmonella in vitro by significantly reducing the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, inhibiting the development of drug resistance under ceftriaxone selective pressure in vitro, damaging the cell membrane, and affecting its basic metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3004585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnEF" ;
rdfs:comment "KpnEF resembles EbrAB from E. coli. Mutation in KpnEF resulted in increased susceptibility to cefepime, ceftriaxon, colistin, erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and streptomycin as well as enhanced sensitivity toward sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxycholate, dyes, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, and triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3008059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-349" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-349." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-88" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-88 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-537" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-537 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3001493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-225" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-225 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3006924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CVI-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CVI-1 is a CVI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005403 .
obo:ARO_3007470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-17" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-17 is an IND beta-lactamase and confers resistance to ampicillin, nitrocefin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem in Chryseobacterium spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3006874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-13" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-13 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3004653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetR(G)" ;
rdfs:comment "Class G tetracycline resistance determinant from Vibrio anguillarum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3006590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-213" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-213 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1247" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1247." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3006750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-38" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-38 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rhodococcus fascians cmr" ;
rdfs:comment "cmr is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Rhodococcus fascians and Corynebacterium glutamicum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3006769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-40" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-40 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN-6" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN-6 is a ORN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005429 .
obo:ARO_3000018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI beta-lactamases are a group of TEM-1-like beta-lactamase that are known to hydrolyze imipenem. IMI beta-lactamases are inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daidzein" ;
rdfs:comment "Daidzein is a flavonolignan compound found in soybeans and other legumes. It has been shown to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as AcrAB-TolC and MexAB-OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007322 , obo:ARO_3007327 .
obo:ARO_3007505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nystatin" ;
rdfs:comment "Nystatin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from polyene. Nystatin is fungistatic in vitro against Candida albicans and certain other yeast-like fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007497 .
obo:ARO_3008567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1149" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-62 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1149." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3001562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-376" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-376 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-32" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-32 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3005692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-43" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-43 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3009311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal cell cycle regulating protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Several compounds are used therapeutically to kill fungal cells by means of disrupting the cell cycle, either during fungal cellular mitosis or during generalised cell growth in the interphase of the cell cycle (inclusive of G1, S and G2)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3008919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-572" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-572." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-136" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-136 is a beta-lactamase found in Brachyspira spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3004848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-55" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-155" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-155 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prothionamide resistant ethA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ethA conferring resistance to prothionamide, an analogue of isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003456 .
obo:ARO_3002102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-89" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-89 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-166" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-166 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(35)" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3008127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-192" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-192." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-176" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-176 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-56" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-56 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexJ" ;
rdfs:comment "MexJ is the membrane fusion protein of the MexJK multidrug efflux protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-10" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-10 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004231 .
obo:ARO_3003598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-442" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-442 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-57" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-57 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3009405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbendazim is a member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. It is a carbamate ester and a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide. Mutations in Cyp51 genes have shown resistance against these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactam antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactam antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics that include penams (penicillin derivatives), cephems (cephalosporins), monobactams, and carbapenems. These antibiotic agents contain a beta-lactam nucleus in its molecular structure. They are the most widely-used group of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ledaborbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Ledaborbactam is an experimental boronic acid beta-lactamase inhibitor that has shown been show to inhibitor several serine beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007131 .
obo:ARO_3009027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-17" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase PER-17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3001855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-35" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-35 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-62" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-62 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans AFR1 with mutations conferring resistance against fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, AFR directly encodes an ABC pump that allows for a baseline efflux of antifungal drugs, especially azoles. Mutations can result in excessive efflux of these drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009342 .
obo:ARO_3008987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-640" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-640." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA10" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA10 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3004768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CIA-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004767 .
obo:ARO_3006979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RAHN-1 is a RAHN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005439 .
obo:ARO_3007326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of CmeABC efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the CmeABC efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3006479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-14" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-14 is a MOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3006946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT-4" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT-4 is a LUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005421 .
obo:ARO_3001139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-85" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-85 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-224" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-224 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3008480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1062" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1062." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceforanide" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceforanide is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3004413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cross streak method" ;
rdfs:comment "This method is commonly used to study the antagonism between microorganisms. The microbial strain of interest is seeded by a single streak in the center of the agar plate. After incubation, the plate is seeded with the second microorganism by single streak perpendicular to the central streak." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004391 .
obo:ARO_3003431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive Ribosomal protein S12 (rpsL)" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribosomal protein S12 stabilizes the highly conserved pseudoknot structure formed by 16S rRNA. It is targeted and inhibited by streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3008734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-957" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-957." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSC1 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RSC1 is a family of class C beta-lactamases which inactivate cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3002210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-19" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-19 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas caviae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(7'')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 7''-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate hygromycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 7''-hydroxyl group, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000154 .
obo:ARO_3004545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC beta-lactamase with carbapenemase activity" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC beta-lactamase enzymes with demonstrable carbapenemase activity, an exception amongst these enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005459 .
obo:ARO_3005199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-171" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-171 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-53" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-53." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal extracellular capsule synthesizing enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Some fungi have extracellular barriers, like capsules, that contribute to their survival capacity against some environmental stressors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3009270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum squalene epoxidase enzyme with mutations associated with resistance to terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "Squalene epoxidase is a vital enzyme in the fungal system that matures sterols into ergosterol. Mutations to this enzyme can result in antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009268 .
obo:ARO_3008439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1018" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1018." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-114." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3001173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-126" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-126 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-8.2" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-8-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-962" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-962." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3002781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB69" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB69 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-5.1" ;
rdfs:comment "MCR-5 is a transposon-associated phosphoethanolamine transferase gene, identified in Salmonella Paratyphi B dTa+ (d-tartrate fermenting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B) isolates from food-producing animals. The isolates were collected between 2011 and 2013, and retrieved from the German National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella. MCR-5 confers resistance to collistin through the addition of a phosphoethanolamine group to lipid A, causing a reduction in negative charge of the cell membrane. Described by Borowiak et al, 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to capreomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' domain of 16S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to capreomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.12" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated phosphoethanolamine transferase and MCR-3 variant conferring resistance to colistin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces rishiriensis parY mutant conferring resistance to aminocoumarin" ;
rdfs:comment "Intrinsically aminocoumarin-resistant parY variant found in Streptomyces, an aminocoumarin-producing genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000480 .
obo:ARO_3002997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LCR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LCR-1 is a class D beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002996 .
obo:ARO_3009245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 C-5 sterol desaturase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009624 .
obo:ARO_3004826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LAP-2" ;
rdfs:comment "LAP-2 is an Ambler Class A beta-lactamase gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004824 .
obo:ARO_3006217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-22" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-22 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3004305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug resistance antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug-resistant organisms are defined as bacterial strains that have become resistant to multiple classes of antibacterial drugs or other agents. The phenotype of these organisms is defined by the spectrum of antibiotic drug classes to which that organism is resistant. Often, these organisms are susceptible to a narrow range of available drugs, making treatment difficult and urgent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004299 .
obo:ARO_3004972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ppsA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ppsA can result in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005002 .
obo:ARO_3005322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-835" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-835 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-46 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007720 .
obo:ARO_3002755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB40" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB40 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida dubliniensis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3009253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr2 with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for an MFS family of efflux pumps in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3008662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1252" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1252." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1042" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1042." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3009361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal mitochondrial apoptosis regulating protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitations of fungal apoptosis pathways can confer antimicrobial resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3009238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-resistant mrr" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mrr1 gene is specifically associated with the activation of the MDR1 efflux transporter. In fungi, mutations in this gene result in antifungal resistance in some fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3002400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-5" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanG" ;
rdfs:comment "VanG is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Ser, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity in Enterococcus faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002979 .
obo:ARO_3005976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-772" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-772 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.4" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-147" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-147." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alm glycyl carrier protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycyl carrier proteins associated with polymixin resistance operons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 , obo:ARO_3007429 .
obo:ARO_3009414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Erg11 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3005471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-64" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-64 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aad(6)" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(6)-Ia/aad(6) is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in E. faecalis and Streptococcus oralis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007399 .
obo:ARO_3000002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanW" ;
rdfs:comment "vanW is an accessory gene, with unknown function, found on vancomycin resistance operons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3005654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-231" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-231 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-129" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-129 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catB11" ;
rdfs:comment "catB11 is a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase that confers resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3000245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RbpA" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA-polymerase binding protein which confers resistance to rifampin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004243 .
obo:ARO_3001112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-56" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-56 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-21" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-21 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3008509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1091" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1091." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CIM-1 is a CIM-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase identified from Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007839 .
obo:ARO_3007777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dragmacidin E" ;
rdfs:comment "Spongosorites has yielded a bis-indole alkaloid which we have named dragmacidin G. Dragmacidin G is the first in this series of compounds to have a pyrazine ring linking the two indole rings. It also has a rare N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-guanidine side chain. Dragmacidin G shows a broad spectrum of biological activity including inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007773 .
obo:ARO_3001580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-394" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-394 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "POM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "POM beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Pseudomonas otitidis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3003972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "solithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "A clinically developed Macrolide antibiotic targeting gram positive and gram negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3007820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-83" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-83 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_0000056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009125 .
obo:ARO_3002978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-Ala-D-Lac ligase" ;
rdfs:comment "A van ligase that synthesizes D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative peptidoglycan substrate that confers resistance to vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002906 .
obo:ARO_3007539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(9)-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(9)-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000153 .
obo:ARO_3005584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-50" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-50 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3001109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-52" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-52 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1160" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1160." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-327" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-327 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtG" ;
rdfs:comment "RmtG is a 16S rRNA methyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which methylates G1405 of the 16S rRNA. It confers high level resistance to many aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3008685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1275" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50-var family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1275." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-26" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-26." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-25" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-25 is a DHA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3003778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ndh gene that results in increased resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003460 .
obo:ARO_3007117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B1 Bacteroides xylanisolvens crx beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 Bacteroides xylanisolvens crx beta-lactamases are zinc metallo-beta-lactamases that hydrolyze carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mebendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mebendazole has a role as an antinematodal drug, a tubulin modulator, and a fungal microtubule-destabilising agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009317 .
obo:ARO_3002411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-5-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB29" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB29 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA mutations conferring resistance to perchlozone" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ethA conferring resistance to perchlozone, a novel thiosemicarbazone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005205 .
obo:ARO_3007867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BOR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BOR is a family of class A beta-lactamase enzymes which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "delamanid" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel nitroimidazole antibiotic for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Delamanid inhibits bacterial cell wall growth by mycolic acid synthesis disruption and is particularly effective in combination therapies against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004115 .
obo:ARO_3008605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1189" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1189." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_0000013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amikacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3003836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacH" ;
rdfs:comment "qacH is a subunit of the qac multidrug efflux pump in Staphylococcus saprophyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3001179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-135" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-135 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-7" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-22" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-22 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3007389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-VII" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate paronomycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3008838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-491" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-491." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Propicillin is an orally taken penicillin derivative that has high absorption but poor activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3002221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-30" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-30 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-348" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-348." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive fabG" ;
rdfs:comment "fabG is a bacterial 3-oxoacyl enoyl-acyl carrier reductase (ENR) isozyme. As with other ENRs, mutations in fabG are shown to confer resistance to the biocide triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000872 .
obo:ARO_3005309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-119" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-119 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-38" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-38 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_123002101.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella serovars gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Salmonella serovars resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3007711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-24-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3001616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-68" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-68 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-846" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-846 is a class D beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is part of the OXA-50 family of oxacillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-31" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-31 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3004433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "non wild-type" ;
rdfs:comment "A microbe whose susceptibility to antibiotics differs from that of a reference susceptible microbe, meaning that the microbe is resistant to the particular antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004431 .
obo:ARO_3009523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB11" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB11 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3003655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-38" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C beta-lactamase from Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-2 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3006437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-65" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-65 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "florfenicol" ;
rdfs:comment "Florfenicol is a fluorine derivative of chloramphenicol, where the nitro group (-NO2) is substituted by a sulfomethyl group (-SO2CH3) and the hydroxyl group (-OH), by a fluorine group (-F). The action mechanism is the same as chloramphenicol's, where the antibiotic binds to the 23S RNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000387 .
obo:ARO_3009280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum graminicola cytochrome b protein with mutations associated with resistance to azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain fungicides like strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3003464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifamycin-resistant arabinosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Arabinosyl transferases allow for the polymerization of arabinose to form arabinan. Arabanan is required for formation of mycobacterial cell walls and arabinosyltransferases are targets of the drug ethambutol. Mutations in these genes can confer resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003422 .
obo:ARO_3007983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-267" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-267." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-551" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-551 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007726 .
obo:ARO_3007575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3008065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-355" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-355." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-468" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-468 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to hygromycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the highly conserved helix 44 of the 16S rrsB rRNA gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to hygromycin B. Resistance against hygromycin B is the result of conformational alterations that distorts a strong hydrogen bond leading to a change in the local geometry of the hygromycin B binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3007197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Enramycin is a polypeptide antibiotic commonly used as a feed additive for livestock. It is produced by species of the Streptomyces genus and is used to prevent necrotic enteritis in poultry and pigs. Enramycin disrupts cell wall synthesis by inhibiting MurG." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3001545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-358" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-358 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to viomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsB gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to viomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003667 .
obo:ARO_3000548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces rishiriensis strain DSM 40489 coumermycin A1 biosynthetic gene cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Coumermycin A1 is produced by a biosynthetic cluster in Streptomyces rishiriensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000532 .
obo:ARO_3008724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-934" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-934." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-506" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-506 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimD" ;
rdfs:comment "nimD is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3009022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A9" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A9." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3002530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-Ib is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007384 .
obo:ARO_3004225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rm3 family beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family encompassing subclass B3 Rm3-like beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-82" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-82 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtC" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtC is a transporter that forms a heteromultimer complex with MdtB to form a multidrug transporter. MdtBC is part of the MdtABC-TolC efflux complex. In the absence of MdtB, MdtC can form a homomultimer complex that results in a functioning efflux complex with a narrower drug specificity. mdtC corresponds to 3 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (gene name: muxC/muxB) and 3 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 C-5 sterol desaturase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009624 .
obo:ARO_3007543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclomarin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyclomarin C is a cyclomarin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007540 .
obo:ARO_3000645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefotaxime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3009400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-437" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-437 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-421" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-421 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3005903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-696" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-696 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Puccinia triticina Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-64" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-64 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114b" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114b is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3007954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-191" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-191." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmeR" ;
rdfs:comment "CmeR is a repressor for the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump, binding to the cmeABC promoter region." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3000914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-45" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-45 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACI-1" ;
rdfs:comment "A class A beta-lactamase described in Acidaminococcus fermentans. ACI-1 was the first description of a beta-lactamase enzyme in a gram-negative anaerobic cocci. Described by Galan et al 2000." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004358 .
obo:ARO_3001605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-414" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-414 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-420" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-420 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-354" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-354." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-203" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-203 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-761" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-761 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SME-2" ;
rdfs:comment "SME-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000055 .
obo:ARO_3005291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-464" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-464 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mupirocin-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including mupirocin and similar mixtures (such as those including pseudomonic acid A)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3008036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-326" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-326." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hesperetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Hesperetin is a flavonoid compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3001578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-392" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-392 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_0000063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefuroxime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability with beta-lactamases than first-generation cephalosporins. Cefuroxime is active against Gram-positive organisms but less active against methicillin-resistant strains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3007614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resveratrol" ;
rdfs:comment "Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound that is produced by many different plants, displays antioxidant properties, and protects macromolecules against damage by reactive oxygen species. ATP synthase inhibition with resveratrol can enhance the activity of aminoglycosides against S. aureus and potentially against other bacterial pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005025 .
obo:ARO_3000215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecR1" ;
rdfs:comment "mecR1 is a transmembrane spanning and signal transducing protein which in response to interaction with beta-lactam antibiotics results in upregulation of the mecA/mecR1/mecI operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000100 .
obo:ARO_3000244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reduced permeability to antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Reduction in permeability to antibiotic, generally through reduced production of porins, can provide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3007175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TP0586532" ;
rdfs:comment "TP0586532 is an antibiotic potentiator that acts by inhibiting bacterial LpxC, interfering with the production of lipopolysaccharides. It has been shown to increase the effects of several antibiotics, such as meropenem, amikacin, cefepime, and tigecycline. The disruption of lipopolysaccharide synthesis is suspected to lead to increased membrane permeability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3001067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-8" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-8 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant rpsL" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribosomal protein S12 stabilizes the highly conserved pseudoknot structure formed by 16S rRNA. Amino acid substitutions in RpsL affect the higher-order structure of 16S rRNA and confer antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EFM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "EFM-1 is a EFM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005409 .
obo:ARO_3008573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1155" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1155." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SPU beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Capnocytophaga sputigena." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial resistance testing reference standard" ;
rdfs:comment "Uses breakpoints to create standards for interpreting the clinical outcome of an MIC value for a particular microbial species and antimicrobial agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3003573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpxA" ;
rdfs:comment "The LpxA gene is widely known to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A in Gram-negative bacteria and mutations to this gene may cause resistance to antimicrobial peptides that target the outer membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003581 .
obo:ARO_3003804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant agrA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the regulatory gene agrA confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin J" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3004248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant UhpT" ;
rdfs:comment "UhpT encodes a transporter that can import fosfomycin-type drugs into bacterial cells. Mutations to UhpT confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.41" ;
rdfs:comment "Novel mcr-3.41 gene identified in an Aeromonas veronii C198 isolate from a patient with Septicemia in Thailand by Hatrongjit et. al." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-127" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-127 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-486" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-486 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-21" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-21 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aztreonam-clavulanate" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic aztreonam and the conjugate base of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (clavulanate)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3008746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-969" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-969." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-61" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-61 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3000421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norB" ;
rdfs:comment "NorB is a multidrug efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus that confers resistance to fluoroquinolones and other structurally unrelated antibiotics like tetracycline. It shares 30% similarity with NorB, and is a structural homolog of Blt of Bacillus subtilis. It is regulated by mgrA, also known as NorR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-169" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-169 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tebipenem" ;
rdfs:comment "A carbapenem antibiotic, administered as the oral drug tebipenem-pivoxil, shown to be effective at treating bacterial infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3007695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-185" ;
rdfs:comment "We identified ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in E. coli associated with a novel CMY variant. Unlike other AmpC enzymes, CMY-185 appears to require an additional substitution on top of N346Y to confer ceftazidime/avibactam resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-217" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-217." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EBR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "EBR beta-lactamases are Class B beta-lactamases first isolated from Empedobacter brevis and are able to hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-95" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-95." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-182" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC ortholog described by Nodari et al. 2020." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_0000024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "butirosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Butirosin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Butirosin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3008900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-553" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-553." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-41" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-41 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "avibactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Serine beta-lactamase inhibitor targeting class A, class C, and some class D enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3002394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-6" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-1-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-173" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-173 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-80" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "durlobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Durlobactam is a broad-spectrum diazabicyclooctane beta-lactamase inhibitor capable to inhibiting class A, C, and D beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3004706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mutation in resistance determinant with plasmid harbouring resistance determinant" ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental protocol where there is a mutation of resistance determinant and the transformation of a plasmid harbouring resistance determinant into the same strain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3006592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-215" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-215 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Lipid II" ;
rdfs:comment "Precursor molecule during the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Lipid II anchors itself onto the cell and it's disaccharide-peptide subunit is used in PG polymer assembly by peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases. Due to it's importance in cell wall synthesis, it is the target of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000721 .
obo:ARO_3003991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphI" ;
rdfs:comment "mphI is a macrolide phosphotransferase protein found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to macrolide antibiotics. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3002438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-5" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-933" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-933." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-198" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-73" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-73 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-857" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-857 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-15" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-15 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute list of LEN beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-1 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3001430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-36" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-36 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant gpsI" ;
rdfs:comment "gpsI codes for polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase which is a protein involved in mRNA degradation. It catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides in the 3'- to 5'-direction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004879 .
obo:ARO_3007797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ampR transcriptional regulator with mutation conferring resistance to monobactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "ampR is a LysR-type transcriptional regulator for beta-lactamase-encoding gene expression. Mutations in ampR of certain organisms have been shown to confer resistance to antibiotics due to beta-lactamase overexpression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-13" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-13 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. FUR1 with mutations conferring resistance to 5-flucytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "FUR1 is a fungal uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in Candida spp. It encodes the UPRT protein, also known as uracil pyrophosphorylase, which is a key regulating enzyme in pyrimidine salvage. Mutations in FUR1 have been shown to confer resistance to 5-flucytosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007556 .
obo:ARO_3007337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thioridazine" ;
rdfs:comment "Thioridazine is a phenothiazine drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. It is also able to inhibit mycobacterial antibiotic efflux pumps and the formation of bacterial biofilms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 , obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3000056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PER beta-lactamases are plasmid-mediated extended spectrum beta-lactamases found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-367" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-367 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-374" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-374 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B3 PEDO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PEDO family enzymes that are classified under subclass B3 (metallo-) beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3003569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin G" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainin G is is a synthetic analog of magainin 1, an antimicrobial peptide. It differs from magainin B by the addition of an beta-alanine at the N terminal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000694 .
obo:ARO_3000787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MdtABC-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtABC-TolC is a multidrug efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli and Salmonella. MdtA is a membrane fusion protein; TolC is the outer membrane channel; MdtBC form a drug transporter. In the absence of MdtB, the MdtAC-TolC has narrower drug specificity, leading to the loss of novobiocin resistance, for example." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3008419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-74" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-74." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EreA2" ;
rdfs:comment "EreA2 is an integron-encoded erythromycin esterase that hydrolyses the drug's lactone ring. EreA2 is found in Providencia stuartii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000320 .
obo:ARO_3002033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-22" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-531" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-531 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-41" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-41 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-337" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-337." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OpmB" ;
rdfs:comment "OpmB is an outer membrane efflux protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that shows functional cooperation with MuxABC, to form the efflux pump system MuxABC-OpmB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-920" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-920 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3000234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes that when expressed confer resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000010 .
obo:ARO_3006298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-121" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-121 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA1" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA1 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0678 with mutation conferring resistance to bedaquiline" ;
rdfs:comment "Rv0678 encodes a transcription factor which negatively regulates the expression of the mmpS5/L5 efflux pump. Loss-of-function mutations in rv0678 are a common mechanism of resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007673 .
obo:ARO_3004316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli" ;
rdfs:comment "Any E.coli that has tested either intermediate (I) or resistant (R) to at least one drug in at least 3 of the following 5 categories: 1) Extended-spectrum cephalosporins, 2) Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), 3) Aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin), 4) Carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem), 5) Piperacillin Group (piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3004411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "agar well diffusion method" ;
rdfs:comment "This test is a common method of evaluating the antimicrobial activity of plants or microbial extracts. In this method, bacteria are inoculated onto agar plates and the antimicrobial agent is injected into the plate and allowed to diffuse." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004391 .
obo:ARO_3000806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexG" ;
rdfs:comment "MexG is a membrane protein required for MexGHI-OpmD efflux activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3009583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-23" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-23 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1213" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1213." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-780" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-780 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FLC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FLC-1 is part of the FRI beta-lactamase family. It is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3008946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-599" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-599." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-634" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-634." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpeA" ;
rdfs:comment "LpeA is a subunit of the LpeAB efflux pump in Legionella pneumophila, which is homologous to AcrA in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-55" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-55 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-465" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-465 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3006459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-167" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-167 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-250" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-250 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-104" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-104." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin glycosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "The enzymatic inactivation of rifampin by glycosylation at the 23-OH position." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000576 .
obo:ARO_3001617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-69" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-69 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr3 with mutations associated with resistance to ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for proteins that maintain the phospholipid bilayer permeability in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3008402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-54" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-54." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3006206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-81" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-81 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive thymidylate synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Thymidylate synthase (synthetase) catalyzes the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in the nucleic acid biosynthesis pathway. Inhibition of thyA imbalances the cellular concentration of dUMP causing DNA damage." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3005876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-661" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-661 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007712 .
obo:ARO_3004938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ddlA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the D-alanine synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyproconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyproconazole is a fungicide that prevents wood decay from fungi in above-ground applications, but is not intended to protect trees in the ground." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3008076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-7" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase AXC-7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3005796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-575" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-575 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3007691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bedaquiline resistant Rv2535c" ;
rdfs:comment "Loss-of-function mutations in Rv2535c (pepQ) in Mycobacterium and Mycobacteroides which are associated with resistance to bedaquiline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007690 .
obo:ARO_3004354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-91" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-80" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-80 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.33" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ;
rdfs:comment "Any strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has tested either Intermediate or Resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: imipenem, meropenem and/or doripenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3004999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoA mutations confer resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in rpoA that contribute to or confer resistance to rifampicin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004998 .
obo:ARO_3004291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rhodobacter sphaeroides ampC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A periplasmic cephalosporinase described in Rhodobacter sphaeroides shown to contribute to resistance of beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004232 .
obo:ARO_3001881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-19" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-19 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-108" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-108 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-746" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-746 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LAQ beta lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LAQ is a class C beta lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3001015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-148" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-148 is a TEM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-98" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-98 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis aftA mutations confer resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in aftA gene contribute to or confer resistance to ethamutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002876 .
obo:ARO_3003980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetA(58)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetA(58) is a Tetracycline efflux pump described in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-314" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-314 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-164" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-164 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sul1" ;
rdfs:comment "Sul1 is a sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase of Gram-negative bacteria. It is linked to other resistance genes of class 1 integrons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004238 .
obo:ARO_3008710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1300" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1300." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A18" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3007446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-100" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-100 is an inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-756" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-756 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_0000046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lincomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic that comes from the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis. It binds to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and inhibit early elongation of peptide chain by inhibiting transpeptidase reaction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000017 .
obo:ARO_3007568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus spp. UXS1 conferring resistance to 5-flucytosine via absence" ;
rdfs:comment "UXS1 is a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase. Deletion of UXS1 confers resistance to 5-flucytosine by accumulation of UDP-glucoronic acid, thereby suppressing the cellular toxicity of 5-flucytosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007567 .
obo:ARO_3007129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors are molecules that inhibit the function of Ambler class B (metallo-) beta-lactamases, preventing the inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by these enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000042 .
obo:ARO_3001961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-102" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-102 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SB22484" ;
rdfs:comment "SB22484 antibiotics are of the same chemical group as kirromycins. SB22484 antibiotics are produced by Streptomyces sp. NRRL 15496. There are two SB22484 isomers with the same UV absorption spectra, but differing molecular masses. These antibiotics are strongly active against Neisseria species, but also show activity against Streptococci, and Haemophilus influenzae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3008053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-343" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-343." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-136" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-136." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tva(A)" ;
rdfs:comment "A pleuromutilin resistance gene encoding a predicted ABC-F transporter. The presence of inhibitory or sub-inhibitory concentrations of tiamulin showed that tva(A) confers reduced pleuromutilin susceptibility that does not lead to clinical resistance but facilitates the development of higher-level resistance via mutations in genes encoding ribosome-associated functions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3006303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-128" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-128 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "helicase-like RNA polymerase protection protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Helicase-like proteins that confer resistance to antibiotics such as rifamycins by preventing or disrupting their binding to RNA polymerase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000507 .
obo:ARO_3007367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "L-CS319" ;
rdfs:comment "L-CS319 is an experimental bisthiazolidine metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor capable of inhibiting the action of NDM-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007135 .
obo:ARO_3007516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clotrimazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Clotrimazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is mostly used for the treatment of tinea pedis, vulvovaginal and oropharyngeal candidiasis. It has broad activity against Candida albicans and other fungal infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3004599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clcD" ;
rdfs:comment "clcD gene can provide resistance to representatives of five of the six antibiotic groups previously shown to be affected by Cfr. clcD was originally found in Clostridioides difficile and is cfr-like." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004607 .
obo:ARO_3007041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(52)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(52) is an Erm ribosomal RNA methyltransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3002160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-7" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3008790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-19" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tcr3" ;
rdfs:comment "tcr3 is a tetracycline efflux pump that confers self-resistance to Kitasatospora aureofaciens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-17" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-17 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Capnocytophaga ochracea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH)" ;
rdfs:comment "Kinases that modify aminoglycoside antibiotics by phosphorylation using NTPs as cofactor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007380 .
obo:ARO_3001729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-273" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-273 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51B with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-100" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-100 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gepotidacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Gepotidacin is a triazaacenaphthylene bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor used experimentally. It has been in phase III of clinical trials since 2019 for the treatment of gonorrhea, however gepotidacin has demonstrated antibiotic activity against a variety of bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007164 .
obo:ARO_3001224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mycinamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Micromonospora griseorubida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_0000041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacitracin" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the inner membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 , obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3009033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PNC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PNC-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007875 .
obo:ARO_3003874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-43" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-43 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3001346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-146" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-146 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-964" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-964." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3001908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-46" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-46 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-115" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-115." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PME-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PME-1 is a PME beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005435 .
obo:ARO_3007481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pseudouridimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pseudouridimycin is a nucleoside analogue inhibitor discovered from the soil bacterium Streptomyces sp. which has proven to be effective against multidrug-resistant S. pyogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3007755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Calcimycin (A23187) is a polyether antibiotic and divalent cation ionophore, extracted from Streptomyces chartrecensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3002129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-118" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-118 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-303" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-303." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1258" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1258." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-13" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella variicola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3002740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB25" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB25 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "50S ribosomal subunit" ;
rdfs:comment "The larger of two ribosomal subunits that make up the 70S bacterial ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3009372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus MRPL11 mutations with resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in MRPL11 has shown conferred resistance to the echinocandin caspofungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009371 .
obo:ARO_3007860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DYB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "DYB is a family of subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamases identified from Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides. These enzymes confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3005747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-517" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-517 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Agrobacterium fabrum chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in the Gram-negative bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3001045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-183" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-183 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "farA" ;
rdfs:comment "farA is the membrane fusion protein that is part of the farAB efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrocyclic antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Narrow spectrum macrocyclic antibiotics, in the general sense, is a cyclic molecule containing more than 12 atoms in the macrocyclic lactone ring." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3003847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3005044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OmpA" ;
rdfs:comment "OmpA is a porin that confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004282 .
obo:ARO_3000237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "TolC is a protein subunit of many multidrug efflux complexes in Gram negative bacteria. It is an outer membrane efflux protein and is constitutively open. Regulation of efflux activity is often at its periplasmic entrance by other components of the efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans FKS1 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotic micafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3008054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-344" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-344." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-129" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-129 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA2" ;
rdfs:comment "CphA2 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas hydrophila. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3002747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB32" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB32 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(W)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(W) is a ribosomal protection protein. It is associated with both conjugative and non conjugative DNA and has been found strains of Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3003453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis embA mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations that occurs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis embA leading to the lowered affinity of ethambutol to embA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003452 .
obo:ARO_3003793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Plasmid-mediated SPM metallo-beta-lactamase conferring resistance to carbapenem. Originally isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Responsible for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) outbreaks in Brazil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000580 .
obo:ARO_3000819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nalD" ;
rdfs:comment "NalD is a repressor of MexAB-OprM. Mutations lead to multidrug resistance and MexAB-OprM overexpression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:RO_0002212 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "negatively_regulates" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3007277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-10.2" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-679" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-679 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3002965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanW gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanWG, is a vanW variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000002 .
obo:ARO_3009195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal ergosterol synthesis pathway enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Ergosterol is an essential cell membrane mycosterol unique to fungi and some protozoa, and functionally analogous to cholesterol in animals. The ergosterol synthesis pathway in fungi is a common target for antifungal drugs, where ergosterol is either disrupted directly (as with amphotericin) or ergosterol synthesis is prevented at an earlier step (as with azole antibiotics inhibiting demethylation of lanosterol). In either case this results in cell death. Mutations in this enzymes may inhibit antifungal action, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3005059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LptD" ;
rdfs:comment "LptD is involved in LPS transport in a ABC Transporter efflux system. It confers resistance to rifamycin, aminocoumarin, and peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3001016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-149" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-149 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium graminearum Cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-13" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-13 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-54" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-54 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rRNA with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rRNA can confer antibiotic resistance to drugs that target the bacterial ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoxin A4" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipoxin A4 is a Specialized Pro-resolving Mediator and has direct effects on P. aeruginosa where it reduced biofilm formation and promoted ciprofloxacin antibiotic efficacy in a static biofilm-forming system. Further studies show lipoxin A4 can help antibiotic efficacy and promote monocyte activity against established P. aeruginosa biofilm formed under hydrodynamic conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3005864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-644" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-644 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3003379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica ramR mutants" ;
rdfs:comment "RamR is a repressor that regulates RamA expression. Mutations lead to the upregulation of AcrAB, which is positively regulated by RamA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000824 .
obo:ARO_3005412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FIA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FIA beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Fibrella aestuarina." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA29" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase CfiA29." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3000686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiostrepton" ;
rdfs:comment "Thiostrepton is a cyclic peptide active against Gram-positive bacteria. It is produced by streptomyces bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3005478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-73" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-73 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TlrA-like 23S rRNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases modify guanosine 748 (E. coli numbering) to confer resistance to some macrolides and lincosamides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009653 .
obo:ARO_3009642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nafithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Nafithromycin (WCK 4873) is a lactone- ketolide antibiotic effective against respiratory pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3002926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRG, is a vanR variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3001567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-381" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-381 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to difenoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "AXC-5 is a AXC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3002074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-61" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-61 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-88" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-88 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-16" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-16 is a IND beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3003622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-466" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-466 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3000898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-28" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-28 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfr(B) Group" ;
rdfs:comment "The cfr groups were determined by Candela et al (2017) by determining the phylogenetic relationship using the neighbour-joining method to compare the cfr-like proteins to cfr." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000202 .
obo:ARO_3003305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Ureaplasma urealyticum resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3001828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-23" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-23 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-6" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-73" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-73 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-82" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-82 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-263" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-263." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1102" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1102." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3003605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-449" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-449 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3001776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-162" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-162 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-416" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-416 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-220" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-220 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reserpine" ;
rdfs:comment "Reserpine is an alkaloid compound that is able to inhibit the activity of the AcrAB-TolC antibiotic efflux system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007322 .
obo:ARO_3002864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB1" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-associated trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase detected in Bordetella bronchispetica on pKBB958." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrC" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrC is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN-1 is a ORN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005429 .
obo:ARO_3003555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHW beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "This family of sublcass B1 beta-lactamases were discovered in species of the Shewanella genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3006520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-143" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-143 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RanB" ;
rdfs:comment "RanB is the determinant of antibiotic resistance within the RanARanB ABC-type efflux system. It confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_2000006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "structurally_homologous_to" ;
rdfs:comment "Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3007775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dragmacidin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Spongosorites has yielded a bis-indole alkaloid which we have named dragmacidin G. Dragmacidin G is the first in this series of compounds to have a pyrazine ring linking the two indole rings. It also has a rare N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-guanidine side chain. Dragmacidin G shows a broad spectrum of biological activity including inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007773 .
obo:ARO_3005663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-240" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-240 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-6" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HER-6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3004772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CKO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CKO is a class A beta-lactamase gene family found in Citrobacter koseri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3000577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B1 Bacillus cereus Bc beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 Bacillus cereus Bc beta-lactamases are zinc metallo-beta-lactamases that hydrolyze a large number of penicillins and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA is a class A beta-lactamase gene family found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3000552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arsphenamine" ;
rdfs:comment "Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan and 606, is a drug that was used beginning in the 1910s to treat syphilis and trypanosomiasis. It is an organoarsenic compound and was the first modern chemotherapeutic agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000551 .
obo:ARO_3007998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-282" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-282." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-101" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-101 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB57" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB57 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-141" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-141 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanI" ;
rdfs:comment "This inducible cluster confers high resistance to vancomycin and intermediate resistance to teicoplanin. It achieves this through peptidoglycan restructuring with its VanA ligase homologue, VanI, causing the precursurs to end in D-Ala-D-Lac. The cluster uniquely contains murF, the final enzyme in the synthesis of UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide, the precursor of murein. The VanI gene cluster has been found in chromosomal DNA. Gene orientation: vanSRIWK-murFvanX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3003976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to pactamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in bacterial 16S rRNA that confer resistance to antibiotic pactamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003211 .
obo:ARO_3004428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Difco Mueller-Hinton Broth" ;
rdfs:comment "Low thymine and thymidine content." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004424 .
obo:ARO_3006224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CepA-29" ;
rdfs:comment "CepA-29 is a CepA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004192 .
obo:ARO_3005269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-238" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-238 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-223" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumonia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-216" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-216 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-55" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-55." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3006362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-193" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-193 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3'')-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3'')-Ib is an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrative conjugative elements and chromosomes in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007414 .
obo:ARO_3001869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-6" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-338" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-338." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-622" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-622." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CHM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CHM is a subclass B1 metallo B-lactamase with enzymatic activity against cephalosporins and carbapenems, first identified in the Chryseobacterium spp. functional gene library." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexEF-OprN with MexS mutations conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim" ;
rdfs:comment "The MexEF–OprN efflux pump with MexS mutations conferring resistance to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. The model includes the MexT regulator, as MexS is suggested to inactivate MexT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000798 .
obo:ARO_3003680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TriB" ;
rdfs:comment "TriB is a membrane protein that is fused to TriA and both are required for the triclosan efflux pump function of TriABC-OpmH in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIC value" ;
rdfs:comment "The measured or quantified MIC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004439 .
obo:UBERON_0001003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "skin epidermis" ;
rdfs:comment "The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3000978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-115" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-115 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanB" ;
rdfs:comment "VanB is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog similar to VanA, and can synthesize D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It has been isolated from VREs. It is associated with vancomycin resistance, but not teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3007028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salD" ;
rdfs:comment "salD is a ABC-F subfamily protein gene that confers resistance to lincosamides and class A streptogramins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007030 .
obo:ARO_3000993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-129" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-129 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-46" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-46 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-Id" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-Id is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by genomic islands and integrons in S. enterica, P. mirabilis and Vibrio fluvialis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007384 .
obo:ARO_3008589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1171" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1171." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrazinamide is an antimycobacterial. It is highly specific and active only against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This compound is a prodrug and needs to be activated inside the cell. It interferes with the bacterium's ability to synthesize new fatty acids, causing cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007155 .
obo:ARO_3007669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadT" ;
rdfs:comment "The AadT pump is a novel multidrug efflux pump from the proton antiporter 2 (DHA2) family and was discovered in Acinetobacter multidrug resistance plasmids. The presence of AadT decreased bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics (erythromycin and tetracycline), biocides (chlorhexidine), and dyes (ethidium bromide and DAPI) and was able to mediate ethidium transport." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSG, is a vanS variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3000249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloramphenicol phosphotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "ATP-dependent kinase modifies the C-3 hydroxyl group of chloramphenicol. Source is the chloramphenicol producer Streptomyces venezuelae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3000385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chloramphenicol" ;
rdfs:comment "Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. It was the first antibiotic to be manufactured synthetically on a large scale. It functions by inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome, binding to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing peptide bond formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000387 .
obo:ARO_3002679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa catB7" ;
rdfs:comment "catB7 is a chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3005679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-30" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-30 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pristinamycin IB" ;
rdfs:comment "Pristinamycin IB is a class B streptogramin similar to pristinamycin IA, the former containing a N-methyl-4-(methylamino)phenylalanine instead of a N-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)phenylalanine in its class A streptogramin counterpart (one less methyl group)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3003610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-454" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-454 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitor of antibiotic resistance mechanism" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of antibiotic adjuvant in which the adjuvant directly or indirectly inhibits the mechanism of resistance, restoring antibiotic susceptibility or decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000076 .
obo:ARO_3008796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-25" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanXY gene in vanE cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXY, is a vanXY variant found in the vanE gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000496 .
obo:ARO_3001447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-125" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-125 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfone antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against mycobacterium laprae. Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX beta-lactamases are plasmid-encoded AmpC-type beta-lactamase which conferred resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3009220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations associated with resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3008834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-487" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-487." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1286" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1286." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3009653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass of 23S rRNA methyltransferase enzymes which methylate guanine at position 748, a modification associated with the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) antibiotic resistance phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004274 .
obo:ARO_3007685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nifuratel" ;
rdfs:comment "Nifuratel is a nitrofuran antibiotic already in use for parasitic infections. It was effective against different serovars, including multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, and in macrophages from different host species and against Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri. It reduced IL-10 and STAT3 production in infected macrophages which should increase the inflammatory response against Salmonella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004116 .
obo:ARO_3007781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "halolitoralin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Halolitoralin B is an alanine-rich cyclic hexapeptide. It exhibits potent activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram positive bacteria. It was also found to exhibit moderate anthelmintic activity against the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis and Eudrilus sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007779 .
obo:ARO_3004400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MicroScan" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility developed by Omron." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004398 .
obo:ARO_3001621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-76" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-76 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-24" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-24 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1303" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-24 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1303." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3000903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-33" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-33 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-153" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-153 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1230" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1230." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Squalene epoxidase is a vital enzyme in the fungal system that matures sterols into ergosterol. Mutations to this enzyme can result in antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009195 .
obo:ARO_3000497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. Ethambutol inhibits arabinosyl biosynthesis, disrupting mycobacterial cell wall formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000527 .
obo:ARO_3000309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrD" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrD is a multidrug transporter from the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) primarily found in Escherichia coli. EmrD couples efflux of amphipathic compounds with proton import across the plasma membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AdeIJK" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeIJK is a RND multidrug efflux pump expressed in Acinetobacter baumannii. It contributes to resistance for beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, lincosamides, fluoroquinolone, fusidic acid, novobiocin, rifampicin, trimethoprim, acridine, pyronine, and safranin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3008556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1138" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1138." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin" ;
rdfs:comment "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3004510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.7" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR polymyxin (colistin) resistance gene variant identified in Aeromonas." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-8" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-8 is an integron-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3007823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-86" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-86 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-114" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-114 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ECV beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ECV beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Echinicola vietnamensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3000086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-LAT beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A grouping of the related CMY and LAT beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000085 .
obo:ARO_3000712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleic acid synthesis machinery targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacterial DNA and RNA synthesis includes many enzymes unique to bacteria that are targeted by antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3003785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chlamydia trachomatis intrinsic murA conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Chlamydia murA confers intrinsic resistance to fosfomycin. The presence of an aspartic acid residue in place of the critical cysteine at position 119 that enables fosfomycin binding is believed to be responsible for this intrinsic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002811 .
obo:ARO_3007057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori pbp3 conferring resistance to amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Helicobacter pylori pbp3 observed to confer resistance to amoxicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3005859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-638" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-638 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3009517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyricularia graminis-tritici Cyp51A with mutations associated with resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-123" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-123 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-17" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-17 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:SYMP_0000092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "skin lesion" ;
rdfs:comment "Skin lesion is a skin and integumentary tissue symptom characterized as an abnormal change in structure of the skin that is especially circumscribed and well defined due to injury or disease." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3005087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msrF" ;
rdfs:comment "msrF is an ABC-F binding cassette ribosomal protection protein. It confers resistance to macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3008116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-179" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-179." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "component of AMR phenotype measurement" ;
rdfs:comment "Details required in reporting antimicrobial resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3007493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(63)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline efflux MFS Transporter from Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydroxylation of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Inactivation of an antibiotic via introduction a hydroxyl group (-OH)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3005928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-721" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-721 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-GC1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended spectrum class C beta-lactamase ACT-GC1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PLA-1 is a PLA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005433 .
obo:ARO_3006516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-139" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-139 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-62" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-62 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-75" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-75 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal Hmg" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal Hmg enzymes which include mutations or other modifications to confer resistance to antifungal drug compounds. The Hmg pathway has roles in steroid synthesis and metabolic function in most eukaryotes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009234 .
obo:ARO_3007716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-364-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-364." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3006373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-204" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-204 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-471" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-471 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3003691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexJK-OpmH" ;
rdfs:comment "MexJK-OpmH is a triclosan efflux protein expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexJ is the membrane fusion protein, MexK is the inner membrane resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter, and OpmH is the outer membrane efflux protein. MexJK is constitutively expressed in mexL mutants." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant inbR" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in inbR that contribute to antibiotic resistance by preventing antibiotic activation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA27" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA27 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3006077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-885" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-885 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-184" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-184 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3007730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-61-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-61." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3008087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-12" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-12." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-833" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-833 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-594" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-594." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-502" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-502." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "netilmicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3002349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-20" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-20 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3001162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-113" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name SHV-113 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sensitire" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility developed by Trek, Thermo Fisher Scientific." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004398 .
obo:ARO_3009617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FKS2 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3004569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ICR-Mo" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosomally-encoded colistin resistance phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) transferase of Moraxella osloensis. ICR-Mo represents the closest known ortholog to the colistin resistance MCR-1 and MCR-2 PEtN transferases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004465 .
obo:ARO_3005837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-616" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-616 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3001184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-142" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-142 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-432" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-432 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant folP" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal energy metabolism pathway enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitations of energy metabolism pathways in fungi have resulted in instances of antimicrobial resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3005062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel aminoglycoside 3''-adenyltransferase gene and aminoglycoside resistance gene identified from Cupriavidus gilardii. ANT(3'')-Ib / aadA32 confers resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007407 .
obo:ARO_3006622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-244" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-244 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-65" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-65 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-142" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-142 is an beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Type B NfxB" ;
rdfs:comment "Type B NfxB mutants are more resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as ofloxacin, erythromycin, and the new zwitterionic cephems, than was PAO1, and they are four to eight times more susceptible to carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, imipenem, panipenem, biapenem, moxalactam, aztreonam, gentamicin, and kanamycin than PAO1. The mutation at the 46th amino acid position is sufficient for overproduction of OprJ and the multidrug resistance. nfxB corresponds to 2 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (gene name: esrC/nfxB) and 2 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58 (gene name: nfxB)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000820 .
obo:ARO_3007352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kaempferol rhamnoside" ;
rdfs:comment "Kaempferol rhamnoside is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3001844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-24" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-24 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-160" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-160 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "time-kill test" ;
rdfs:comment "Allows for time-dependent or concentration-dependent analysis of antimicrobial effects. Several tubes of broth culture medium containing a suspension of the test microbe are treated with varying concentrations of the antimicrobial agent and the percentage of dead cells determined at various time points." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3001397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3000921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-52" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-52 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lomefloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lomefloxacin is a difluoropiperazinyl quinolone, sharing similar activities with other fluoroquinolones. It is used to treat urinary tract infections. Relative to other fluoroquinolones, it has a longer half life and has higher serum concentrations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3005256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-225" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-225 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-121" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-121 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cytochrome b protein with mutations associated with resistance to kresoxim-methyl" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain fungicides like strobilurins. Kresoxim-methyl is an example of a strolurin fungicide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3007006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ZOG-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ZOG-1 is a ZOG beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005458 .
obo:ARO_3000330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfisoxazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfisoxazole is an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3007031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "relebactam" ;
rdfs:comment "A serine beta-lactamase inhibitor that prevents the degradation of imipenem in the body." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3002445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-12" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3002389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-1-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3000103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3009539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a class of compounds that inhibit the specified enzyme that is also known as mitochondrial respiratory Complex II. SDH is a unique enzyme because it participates in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC). They have anifungal properties due to their ability to arrest growth, cause cell death, impair sporulation and interfere with hyphal degeneration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-200" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-200 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AST Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of beta-lactamase known for their broad spectrum resistance profile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to linezolid antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to linezolid and other oxazolidinone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3007406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate kamamycin, neomycin & lividomycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3001967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-107" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-107 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3008638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1228" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-62 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1228." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3003544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsA) mutation conferring resistance to neomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsA gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to neomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3007169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pirlimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pirlimycin is an experimental/veterinary lincosamide antibiotic. Although not approved for use in humans, pirlimycin is commonly used to treat mammary gland infections in cattle." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000017 .
obo:ARO_3007310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aranorosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Aranorosin is a plant derived compound that has shown inhibitory activity against certain aminoglycoside inactivation enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007291 .
obo:ARO_3000464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin PIB (por)" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant forms of the porin Por result in reduced permeability to antibiotics, particularly tetracyclines and beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3004462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "delafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Delafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic, differentiated from other on-market fluoroquinolones by the absence of a protonatable substituent conferring a weakly acidic character to the molecule. This property results in increased intracellular penetration and enhanced bactericidal activity under acidic conditions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3002507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-8" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-8 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS10" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS10 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefepime-cloxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephalosporin cefepime and the penicillin cloxacillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3007628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin J" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3002874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosC2" ;
rdfs:comment "FosC2 is an enzyme that phosphorylates fosfomycin to confer resistance in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004245 .
obo:ARO_3009227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-17" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH is a class C beta-lactamase gene family belonging to Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3003699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexQ" ;
rdfs:comment "MexQ is the inner membrane transporter of the multidrug efflux pump MexPQ-OpmE." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009150 .
obo:ARO_3006549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-17" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-17 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphA" ;
rdfs:comment "The mphA gene encodes for resistance enzyme MPH(2')-I which preferentially inactivate 14-membered macrolides (e.g.erythromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin) over 16-membered macrolides (e.g.tylosin, spiramycin). It phosphorylates macrolides at 2'-OH hydroxyl of desosamine sugar of macrolides in a GTP-dependent manner." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3006997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SPS-1 is a SPS beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005449 .
obo:ARO_3003475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive ethA" ;
rdfs:comment "ethA is a monooxygenase that is able to convert a wide range of ketones to the corresponding esters or lactones via a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. Is responsible for the activation of several thiocarbamide-containing pro-drugs into cytotoxic species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000716 .
obo:ARO_3007121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(O/W)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(O/W) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3006056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-864" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-864 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-12" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-12 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class C LRA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases that are part of the LRA gene family and are classified as Class C beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3002485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-2 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3006246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-51" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-51 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ethambutol resistant iniB" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations occurring in the iniB region of the iniBAC operon shown to confer resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004137 .
obo:ARO_3007987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-271" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-271." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-134-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-134." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3009066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-239" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-239." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-106" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-106 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FPH beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FPH is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase found in Francisella philomiragia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CSA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CSA beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases found in Cronobacter sakazakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3008166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-277" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-277." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-163" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-163 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-119" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-119 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "evernimicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Evernimicin is a veterinary oligosaccharide antibiotic of the orthosomycin group of orthoester antibiotics. Along with avilamycin, it exhibits activity against a variety of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and is primarily used in livestock feed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007166 .
obo:ARO_3005696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-48" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-48 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3003863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-19" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-19 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3006660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-288" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-288 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pellitorine" ;
rdfs:comment "Pellitorine is a metabolite produced mainly in members of the Zanthoxylum, Tetradium, and Piper genera. It has been shown to inhibit the action of the MsrA drug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007077 .
obo:ARO_3001650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-90" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-90 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Shigella flexneri acrA" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrA is a subunit of the AcrAB multidrug efflux system found in Shigella flexneri, which is encoded by the acrRAB operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000207 .
obo:ARO_3007104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimA" ;
rdfs:comment "nimA is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3004184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ribD with mutation conferring resistance to para-aminosalicylic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "ribD is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis riboflavin biosynthesis enzyme. Point mutations in ribD cause enzyme overexpression, which allows the C-terminal reductase domain to act as an alternative dihydrofolate reductase. Thus, mutations in ribD confer resistance to DHFR inhibitors such as para-aminosalicylic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004183 .
obo:ARO_3000368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanC" ;
rdfs:comment "VanC is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that synthesizes D-Ala-D-Ser, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It is specific to Enterococcus gallinarum and E. casseliflavus, providing intrinsic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002979 .
obo:ARO_3009548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to pyraclostrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme Cyp51 is central to fungal ergosterol production. Strobilurin fungicides act on the mitochondrial respiratory chain by binding to the Qo site of cytochrome b, thereby inhibiting electron transport and ATP synthesis. Although strobilurins do not directly target Cyp51, mutations in Cyp51 and other sterol biosynthesis genes can influence overall fungal fitness and occasionally contribute to conferred resistance to other drug classes such as strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009547 .
obo:ARO_3003734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant fusA" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistant fusA is caused by mutations to the elongation factor G (EF-G) and confers resistance to fusidic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible beta tubulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Wild type antifungal susceptible beta tubulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009321 .
obo:ARO_3009297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal mdr" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009249 .
obo:ARO_3000389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin B biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Type B streptogramins are cyclic hexa- or hepta-depsipeptides produced by NRPSs in Streptomyces. The NRPS contains 6 or 7 modules arranged on one or more genes. SnbA catalyzes the activation of the first residue, 3-hydroxypicolynic acid. SnbC then activates and incorporates threonine and aminobutyric acid. Lastly, SnbDE activates and incoporates the last four amino acids. The thioesterase domain is responsible for peptide cyclization, and it is located at the end of the assembly line." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000388 .
obo:ARO_3004001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefmetazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefmetazole is a semi-synthetic cephamycin antibiotic with broad spectrum antibiotic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, that disrupt cell wall synthesis through binding to PBPs causing cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3000653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "G418" ;
rdfs:comment "A gentamicin class aminoglycoside antibiotic often used in mammalian cell culture work as a selectable marker for the neo cassette (APH3')." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3002915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanK" ;
rdfs:comment "VanK is a member of the Fem family of enzymes that add the cross-bridge amino acids to the stem pentapeptide of cell wall precursors in Streptomyces coelicolor that confers inducible, high-level vancomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3007424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance by host-dependent nutrient acquisition" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance via uptake of host nutrients to bypass antibiotic mechanism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3000971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-108" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-108 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AER beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AER beta-lactamases are capable of hydrolyzing arbenicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.19" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-355" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-355 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3006942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LUS-1 is a LUS beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005420 .
obo:ARO_3008649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1239" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1239." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant ubiA" ;
rdfs:comment "DDPR synthase involved in arabinogalactan synthesis. Mutations can confer resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004948 .
obo:ARO_3004417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inoculum" ;
rdfs:comment "Concentration at which bacterial cells in suspension, calculated with respect to final volume (colony forming units/milliliter (cfu/mL)). The standard for broth dilution is 5 x 105cfu/mL. The standard for agar dilution is 104cfu/mL." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3008431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1010" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1010." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Epicillin is an extended-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3007460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-91" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-91 is an IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-46" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-46 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3000492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene involved in self-resistance to antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes that are involved in conferring self resistance to antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3006287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-107" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-107 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1204" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1204." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3004422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "less than standard inoculum" ;
rdfs:comment "Less than 5 x 105 cfu/mL for broth dilution and 104 cfu/mL for agar dilution." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004417 .
obo:ARO_3002586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-32" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-32 is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3003211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16S rRNA with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Many antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria by blocking protein synthesis on the ribosome. The antibiotic-binding sites are located within functionally important structures in the ribosomal RNA. Antibiotic resistance is often conferred by base substitutions or methylations at these sites in the rRNA. Point mutations in the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in the small 30S subunit can confer resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000328 .
obo:ARO_3006851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-98" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-98 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-768" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-768 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-175" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-175 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-3-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-3-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3007663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stress-activated protein kinases" ;
rdfs:comment "Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) are kinases involved in cellular response to stress whose absence confers resistance to antifungal drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 .
obo:ARO_3008392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-24" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3001399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3004580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnE" ;
rdfs:comment "KpnE subunit of KpnEF resembles EbrAB from E. coli. Mutation in KpnEF resulted in increased susceptibility to cefepime, ceftriaxon, colistin, erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and streptomycin as well as enhanced sensitivity toward sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxycholate, dyes, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, and triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-331" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-331 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bcr-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Transmembrane protein which expels bicyclomycin from the cell, leading to bicyclomycin resistance. Identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains responsible for outbreaks in Brazil, often appearing with blaSPM-1, another bicyclomycin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-359" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase ADC-359." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-387" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-387 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-15" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-15 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-25" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-25 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zoliflodacin-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including the experimental compound zoliflodacin and its derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-35" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-35 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-66" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-66 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-949" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-949 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3005429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Raoultella ornithinolytica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-257" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-257 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin-resistant beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC)" ;
rdfs:comment "Daptomycin resistant RNA polymerases include amino acids substitutions which alter the binding affinity of daptomycin to the protein, resulting in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003289 .
obo:ARO_3007658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "albicidin" ;
rdfs:comment "Albicidin phytotoxins produced by the sugarcane pathogen Xanthomonas albilineans is a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor with inhibitory effects significantly better than most DNA gyrase inhibitors. Albicidin acts primarily by inhibiting the religation of the cleaved DNA intermediate during the gyrase catalytic sequence similar to quinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3003922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oqxA" ;
rdfs:comment "RND efflux pump conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-142" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-142 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3006538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-16" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-16 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-475" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-475 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3001606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-415" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-415 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3004843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-40" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase identified from Klebsiella sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanXY gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXYG, is a vanXY variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000496 .
obo:ARO_3002055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-44" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-44 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-62" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-62 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHD-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SHD-1 is a SHD beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007016 .
obo:ARO_3003014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA16" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA16 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-588" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-588." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-54" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-54 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_160164839.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-201" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-201 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fbiA with mutation conferring resistance to delamanid" ;
rdfs:comment "fbiA is an enzyme in the Coenzyme F420 biosynthesis pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations in fbiA are associated with increased resistance to the antibiotic delamanid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009338 .
obo:ARO_3000341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000121 .
obo:ARO_3001454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-149" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-149 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emeA" ;
rdfs:comment "A multidrug efflux pump from Enterococcus faecalis. There exist efflux activity of several antimicrobial agents such as DAPI, Hoechst 33342 and acriflavine. Efflux of DAPI via EmeA was strongly inhibited by reserpine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3009631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant USX" ;
rdfs:comment "UXS1 encodes a UDP-xylose synthase that converts UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose for capsule biosynthesis. When mutated, UDP-GlcUA accumulates, downregulating the permease Fcy2 and reducing cellular uptake of the antifungal 5-FC, conferring resistance. UXS1 is best categorized as a fungal extracellular polysaccharide/capsule biosynthesis enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-808" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-808 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3009286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus Fur1 with mutations associated with resistance to 5-fluorocytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "Fur1 encodes a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase which is essential in nucleotide synthesis in eukaryotes inclusive of fungi. Mutations to the enzyme have been show to confer resistance to 5-fluorocystosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007556 .
obo:ARO_3000595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmT" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmT confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3009145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexCD" ;
rdfs:comment "MexCD is a multidrug efflux pump complex composed of Mex C and Mex D as its primary components. This system forms the central transport mechanism, capable of interacting with diverse outer membrane proteins to eject antibiotics and toxic substances, thus playing a significant role in multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_0000017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lincosamide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3002621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA24" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA24 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in Salmonella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3009120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefpiramide" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefpiramide is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3008681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1271" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1271." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "evgSA" ;
rdfs:comment "EvgSA is a two-component regulatory system that regulates MdtEF and EmrKY expression for multidrug resistance. EvgS is a sensor protein that phosphorylates the regulatory protein EvgA, though EvgA can be phosphorylated by other methods when it is overexpressed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3003420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant pgsA" ;
rdfs:comment "pgsA or phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase is an integral membrane protein involved in phospholipid biosynthesis. It is a CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to oxazolidinone antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli shown to confer resistance to oxazolidinone type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004172 .
obo:ARO_3004902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mshB" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the mshB gene that results in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quercetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Quercetin is a common plant flavonoid that has shown inhibitory activity against certain aminoglycoside inactivation enzymes. Quercetin is also able to inhibit antbiotic efflux pumps such as AcrAB-TolC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007291 , obo:ARO_3007322 .
obo:ARO_3008728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-951" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-951." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3005205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "perchlozone resistant ethA" ;
rdfs:comment "Genetic variants of ethA from Mycobacterium spp. including tuberculosis, which confer resistance to the antibiotic perchlozone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003456 .
obo:ARO_3006182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-18" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-18 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3006399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-230" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-230 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IId" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IId is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007385 .
obo:ARO_3004541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphK" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosomal macrolide phosphotransferase identified from Bacillus subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3005971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-767" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-767 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_0000052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tobramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3001692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-229" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 is a beta-lactamase found in A. bereziniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3002546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrons in K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, K. oxytoca, S. maltophilia, E. cloacae and V. cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3007871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MUN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MUN is a family of extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamases which enzymatic inactivate beta-lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-139" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-139 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fabG1 mutations confer resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in fabG1 resulting in or contributing to resistance in isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004895 .
obo:ARO_3003324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bacillus subtilis mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins. Additionally, large-scale mutations causing loss of function of the gene result in increased susceptibility to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000863 .
obo:ARO_3006570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-191" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-191 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the 16S rRNA gene of Borreliella burgdorferi can confer resistance to kanamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3008643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1233" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1233." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3000969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-106" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-106 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-826" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-826 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-159" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-159." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella isangi gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Salmonella isangi resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3006099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-912" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-912 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3007068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Miscellaneous ABC-F subfamily ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection proteins" ;
rdfs:comment "ABC-F subfamily ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection proteins of unknown, unclear or miscellaneous classification which nevertheless confer resistance to antibiotics through ribosomal protection and not through antibiotic efflux. These proteins should be further reviewed to elucidate associated genes, their function, origin and classification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004469 .
obo:ARO_3001056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-197" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-197 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-52" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-52 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB7" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene identified on an integron in multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-691" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-691 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-238" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-238." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible HMG-CoA reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal Hmg enzymes which include mutations or other modifications to confer resistance to antifungal drug compounds. The Hmg pathway has roles in steroid synthesis and metabolic function in most eukaryotes, and within fungi is essential to ergosterol synthesis, but may also play significant roles in cell cycle function as well." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009195 .
obo:ARO_3006351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-179" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-179 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinupristin" ;
rdfs:comment "Quinupristin is a type B streptogramin and a semisynthetic derivative of pristinamycin 1A. It is a component of the drug Synercid and interacts with the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3001814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-199" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-199 is a beta-lactamase found in Shewanella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-498" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-498 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3006700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-330" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-330 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-958" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-958." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3008450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1029" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1029." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant pgsA" ;
rdfs:comment "pgsA or phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase is an integral membrane protein involved in phospholipid biosynthesis. It is a CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase. Laboratory experiments have detected mutations conferring daptomycin resistance in Entercoccus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003420 .
obo:ARO_3001649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-99" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-99 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-103" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-103." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-138" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-138 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "echinocandin-resistant beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal beta-1,3-D-glucan synthases which include mutations to confer resistance to echinocandin-class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007545 .
obo:ARO_3006101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-914" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-914 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bcrA" ;
rdfs:comment "bcrA is an ABC transporter found in Bacillus licheniformis that confers bacitracin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_0000068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Daptomycin is a novel lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of certain infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. Daptomycin interferes with the bacterial cell membrane, reducing membrane potential and inhibiting cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3003064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ykkD" ;
rdfs:comment "ykkD is an SMR-type protein that is a subunit of the ykkCD efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-11" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-11 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute (Genopole) list of OXY beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3007786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Tartrolon" ;
rdfs:comment "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3002831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgaC" ;
rdfs:comment "vgaC is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in staphylococci that confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics and related compounds. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3000555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrolide biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3008601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1185" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1185." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant fabG" ;
rdfs:comment "fabG is a 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. The bacterial biocide Triclosan blocks the final reduction step in fatty acid elongation, inhibiting biosynthesis. Point mutations in fabG can confer resistance to Triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MBL1b" ;
rdfs:comment "MBL1b is a MBL beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005423 .
obo:ARO_3001094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-36" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-36 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "factumycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Factumycin is a kirromycin-like antibiotic produced by Kitasatospora setae and Streptomyces strains. Its biosynthetic cluster has been characterized which has interesting acetyl transferase domains in trans, or outside of the polyketide synthase domains. Factumycin has specific, rather than broad spectrum, antibacterial properties, especially targeting various Acinetobacter baumanii strains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3002758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB43" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB43 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HER-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3002363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3006117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-937" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-937 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-4" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-4 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter asburiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3000701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lividomycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 , obo:ARO_3000658 .
obo:ARO_3000590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-2 was isolated from a strain of Acinetobacter baumannii in Germany from a patient hospitalized in Cairo. A single amino acid substitution (P28R) differentiates this gene from NDM-1 and the two enzymes appear to have an identical spectrum of hydrolysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3004309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vancomycin-intermediate MRSA" ;
rdfs:comment "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has additionally tested intermediate to vancomycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004306 .
obo:ARO_3007733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-679-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-679." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3001933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-72" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-72 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-34" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-34 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant actin" ;
rdfs:comment "Actin is a component within cellular cytoskeletons, including eukaryotes like fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-604" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-604 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-322" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-322." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexEF-OprN" ;
rdfs:comment "MexEF-OprN is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexE is the membrane fusion protein; MexF is the inner membrane transporter; and OprN is the outer membrane channel. MexEF-OprN is associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Regulation of mexEF-oprN operon expression is multifaceted with the MexT activator being one of the most prominent regulatory proteins. MexEF-OprN is the only positively regulated RND pump of P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mmaA3 mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in mmaA3 that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004908 .
obo:ARO_3008347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-230" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-230." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A15" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A15." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3002044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-33" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-33 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB56" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB56 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(37)" ;
rdfs:comment "tet(37) is a chromosome-encoded oxidoreductase isolated from an uncultured bacterium that confers resistance to tetracycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3005482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-77" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-77 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC)" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase enzymes modify aminoglycoside antibiotics by catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group to one of the amino groups present in aminoglycosides, using acetyl coenzyme A as a donor substrate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007380 .
obo:ARO_3004752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIC Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BIC is a class A beta-lactamase conferring resistance to carbapenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-29" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-29 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant eis" ;
rdfs:comment "Variants of the enhanced intracellular survival protein eis which are associated with increased antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3005921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-714" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-714 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pefloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pefloxacin is structurally and functionally similar to norfloxacin. It is poorly active against mycobacteria, while anaerobes are resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3008466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1047" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1047." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-40" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-40 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS9" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS9 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3003278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin sensitive beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB)" ;
rdfs:comment "Daptomycin binds to the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive. It's lipopeptide tail servers as a ion channel for potassium. This causes a rapid depolarization that result in failures in DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis. Eventually cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003277 .
obo:ARO_3008433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1012" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1012." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1241" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1241." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3005755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-525" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-525 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1075" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1075." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-260" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-260." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-53" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-53 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3004913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant sigI" ;
rdfs:comment "A sigma factor that acts as an initiation factor that promotes attachment of the RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and then is released. Transcriptional analyses indicate that katG is also regulated by the sigma factor sigl and indicate resistance to isoniaizd." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004912 .
obo:ARO_3001982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-123" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-123 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-112" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-112." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-605" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-605." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-230" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-230 is a beta-lactamase found in A. bereziniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3006841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-475" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-475 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene(s) or protein(s) associated with a glycopeptide resistance cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Van genes encode for various proteins that are involved in conferring vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000012 .
obo:ARO_3004528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plasmid harbouring resistance determinant" ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental procedure where plasmid harbouring a resistance determinant is transformed into a strain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3002718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB4" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB4 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3003443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant tlyA" ;
rdfs:comment "tlyA encodes for hemolysin. It Catalyzes the 2'-O-methylation at nucleotides C1409 in 16S rRNA and C1920 in 23S rRNA. Mutation that arise within this gene reduces the binding affinity of aminoglycosides to rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000857 .
obo:ARO_3005772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-548" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-548 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007726 .
obo:ARO_3000321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrolysis of macrolide macrocycle lactone ring" ;
rdfs:comment "Hydrolysis of the the macrocycle lactone ring of macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000040 .
obo:ARO_3006325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-151" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-151 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanD cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXD, is a vanX variant found in the vanD gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:NCIT_85595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "disk-diffusion method" ;
rdfs:comment "A method to determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics wherein bacteria are inoculated onto agar plates and the antimicrobial agent diffused onto the agar plate from a filter paper disk. An approximate, but not exact, MIC is determined by the diameter of growth inhibition zones. This method has been found to have good correlation between in-vivo data and in-vitro data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004391 .
obo:ARO_3003520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3000172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB" ;
rdfs:comment "A thiol transferase that leads to the resistance of fosfomycin. Contrasting FosA, FosB is dependent on the cofactor Magnesium (II) and uses either bacillithiol or L-cysteine to open up the epoxide ring of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3000866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oleI" ;
rdfs:comment "OleI is a glycosyltransferase found in Streptomyces antibioticus, specifically the oleandomycin biosynthetic cluster. OleI glycosylates oleandomycin to confer self-resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000465 .
obo:ARO_3008515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1097" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1097." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3003852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-6" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3001757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-302" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-302 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-3" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3006503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-127" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-127 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-258" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-258." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erm(46)" ;
rdfs:comment "erm(46) is transferable determinant that confers resistance to macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3000465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ole glycosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "OleI and OleD are glycosyltransferases found in Streptomyces antibioticus which is a natural producer of antibiotic oleandomycin. OleI glycosylates antibiotic oleandomycin whereas OleD can glycosylate a wide variety of macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000458 .
obo:ARO_3006794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-424" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-424 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sideroxylin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sideroxylin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3006448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-91" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-91 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to prothioconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3009038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase RAHN-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005439 .
obo:ARO_3000378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexB" ;
rdfs:comment "MexB is the inner membrane multidrug exporter of the efflux complex MexAB-OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In Candida albicans, FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3004364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "almG" ;
rdfs:comment "A member of the AlmEFG operon, responsible for polymyxin resistance in Vibrio cholerae. AlmG is a glycyltransferase closely related to lipid A acyltransferases. Described by Henderson JC et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004363 .
obo:ARO_3000508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gadX" ;
rdfs:comment "GadX is an AraC-family regulator that promotes mdtEF expression to confer multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3004633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-67" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3003514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to amikacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3002186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-3" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-3 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3003295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3006864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRD3-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CRD3-1 is a CRD3 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005398 .
obo:ARO_3009170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myxothiazole" ;
rdfs:comment "This chemical compound is produced by the myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus. It is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex (coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase). It is a competitive inhibitor of ubiquinol, and binds at the quinol oxidation (Qo) site of the bc1 complex, blocking electron transfer to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3005185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-140" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-140 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmx" ;
rdfs:comment "cmx is a plasmid or transposon-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Corynebacterium striatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iaj" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iaj is a functional acetyltransferase that modifies the amino groups at the 6' positions of aminoglycosides and contributes to aminoglycoside resistance of P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3007186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the M. tuberculosis efflux pump Rv1258c (Tap) conferring resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007184 .
obo:ARO_3000211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribosomal alteration conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical alteration of the ribosome results in modification of an antibiotic's target leading to resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001001 .
obo:ARO_3006873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EAM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "EAM-1 is a EAM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005405 .
obo:ARO_3008336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-214" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-214." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-233" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-233 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii parC that result in resistance to fluoroquinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3009231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3001915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-53" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-53 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-204" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-204." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-641" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-641 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-372 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007717 .
obo:ARO_3006992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-6" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-6 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3000783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmeA" ;
rdfs:comment "CmeA is the membrane fusion protein of the CmeABC multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-8" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-8 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3006442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-85" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-85 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-116" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-116 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-10" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3001784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-181" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-181 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3007799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant iniA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occurs on the iniA genes resulting in the resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003446 .
obo:ARO_3007192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanP cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "vanS variant in the vanP cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3006519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-142" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-142 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-245" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-245 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-228" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-228 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-74" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-74 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-28" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-28 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-35" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-35 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3003565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "R39" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase found in Actinomadura R39." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004198 .
obo:ARO_3005753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-523" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-523 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1023" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1023." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-153" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-153 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3000820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NfxB with mutations conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "NfxB is a repressor of the efflux pump mexCD-oprJ and itself (NfxB binds upstream of the nfxB gene and negatively regulates its own expression). Increased expression of MexCD–OprJ brought about by mutations in NfxB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3007586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin M" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3004534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "environmental source" ;
rdfs:comment "Strain collected from environment (e.g., soil, water)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004532 .
obo:ARO_3007097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosM1" ;
rdfs:comment "FosM1 is a thiol transferase discovered in human gut microflora that leads to the resistance of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3002330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1132" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1132." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-220" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-220 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bleomycin A2" ;
rdfs:comment "Bleomycin A2 is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces verticillus taken as a mixture of bleomycins. It induces stand breaks in bacterial nucleic acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000053 , obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3000533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macA" ;
rdfs:comment "MacA is a membrane fusion protein that forms an antibiotic efflux complex with MacB and TolC. macA corresponds to 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-34" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-34." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3006527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-15" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-15 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-77" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-77 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1223" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1223." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3007233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.18" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-11" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-11 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-288" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-288." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-156" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-156." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-168" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-168 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii ampC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii that confers resistance to piperacillin and cefepime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004232 .
obo:ARO_3005227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-206" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CepA-44" ;
rdfs:comment "CepA-44 is a CepA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004192 .
obo:ARO_3003139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-18" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-18 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3001819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3005740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-510" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-510 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cephaloridine" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephaloridine is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cephaloridine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3004671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB4" ;
rdfs:comment "Fosfomycin resistance gene. Shares a high homology with FosB1 and FosB3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3005014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VMB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Vibro metallo-B-lactamase, also known as VMB is a carbapenemase beta-lactamase gene family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_0000067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "colistin" ;
rdfs:comment "Colistins are polymyxin antibiotics produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin, also referred to as polymyxin E, is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B which disrupt the bacterial cell membrane and is effective against Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 .
obo:ARO_3000504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "golS" ;
rdfs:comment "GolS is a regulator activated by the presence of golD, and promotes the expression of the MdsABC efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3000723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine sensitive D-alanine synthetase" ;
rdfs:comment "D-Alanine synthetase (or ligase), also known as ddla, joins two D-alanines before their addition to the pentapeptide chains of peptidoglycan. It is found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3006307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-132" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-132 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrI" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrI is a dihydrofolate reductase that is resistant to trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-599" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-599 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Treponema pallidum 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in 23S rRNA of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum), the noncultivable agent of syphilis, shown clinically to confer resistance to erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3007140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unithiol" ;
rdfs:comment "Unithiol is an experimental chelating agent that forms complexes with heavy metals. It has been shown to inhibit the action of the metallo-beta-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3008595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1177" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-22 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1177." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3009429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans TAC1 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters. Mutations to Tac1 can result in resistance against azole drugs. These types of mutations are noted to cause a loss of heterozygosity in TAC1 through mitotic recombination of the left arm of Chromosome 5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009298 .
obo:ARO_3008627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1217" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1217." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to miconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(O)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(O) is a ribosomal protection protein. It is associated with conjugative plasmids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3008043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-333" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-333." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-84" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-84 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-4" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH-4 is a CMH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-872" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-872 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gramicidin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Gramicidin A is the most abundant (more than 80%) of the three gramicidins in gramicidin D, with a tryptophan in position 11. Gramicidins form dimers in the bacterial membrane that increase the permeability of cations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000123 .
obo:ARO_3006823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-456" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-456 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-256" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-256 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-91" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-91 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Escherichia coli parE resulting in fluoroquinolones resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003313 .
obo:ARO_3007363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "furanone" ;
rdfs:comment "Furanone is a heterocyclic organic compound that disrupts bacterial quorum sensing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3003106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(42)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm42 confers MLSb phenotype in Pasteurella multocida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-95" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-95 is a beta-lactamase found in Kluyvera spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-10" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-209" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-209 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neutramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Neutramycin is a macrolide first identified from S. rimosus and S. luteoverticillatus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3004190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaA beta-lactamases are Class A beta-lactamases first identified in Yersinia enterocolitica and have the ability to hydrolize penicilins and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3003979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eravacycline" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluorocycline that acts to inhibit the bacterial ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3001168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-121" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-121 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Identical to SHV-136." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii AbaQ" ;
rdfs:comment "AbaQ is an MFS transporter mainly involved in the extrusion of quinolone-type drugs in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinone with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of organic compounds derived from aromatic compounds and exhibiting antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-900" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-900 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-36" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-36." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3007639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "A201A" ;
rdfs:comment "A201A is a nucleoside antibiotic. It inhibits translation by binding to the peptidyl transferase center on the large ribosomal subunit. This prevents the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000080 .
obo:ARO_3002571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iaa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iaa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3008368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-88" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-88." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Histoplasma capsulatum Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftaroline-avibactam" ;
rdfs:comment "A combination of the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftaroline and the beta-lactamase inhibitor avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3004685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.5" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-1 variant identified from polyclonal clinical Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-112" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-112 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-212" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-212 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "THIN-B beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases that are part of the THIN-B family, which is a subclass B3 beta-lactamase family and hydrolyze a broad spectrum of beta-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-450" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-450 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EBR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "EBR-1 is an Ambler class B beta-lactamase found in Empedobacter brevis and is known to mediate the hydrolysis of penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems efficiently but not aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004204 .
obo:ARO_3000740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribonucleic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Many types of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are targeted by antibiotics, including mRNA templates and ribosomal RNA. Some antibiotics target all RNAs and cause strand breaks." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000713 .
obo:ARO_3008290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-164" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-164." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-334" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-334 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-520" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-520 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_0000002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of proteins known to bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This interaction prevents tetracycline and tetracycline derivatives from inhibiting ribosomal function. Thus, these proteins confer elevated resistance to tetracycline derivatives as a ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000185 .
obo:ARO_3004983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant Rv1667" ;
rdfs:comment "A probable transport protein thought to be involved in the active transport of macrolide across the membrane in mycobacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004982 .
obo:ARO_3005764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-534" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-534 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3004783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FAR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "FAR is a class A extended spectrum beta-lactamase gene family found in Nocardia farcinica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-21" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3003939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Salmonella parC gene implicated in decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, primarily ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3001696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-186" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-186 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3005777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-553" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-553 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007726 .
obo:ARO_3002006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-148" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-148 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114s" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114s is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3006045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-853" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-853 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-56" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-56 is a class A GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pretomanid" ;
rdfs:comment "Pretomanid is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis affecting the lungs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004115 .
obo:ARO_3001531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-343" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-343 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSD2-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RSD2-1 is a RSD2 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005441 .
obo:ARO_3000831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CpxR" ;
rdfs:comment "CpxR is a regulator that promotes acrD expression when phosphorylated by a cascade involving CpxA, a sensor kinase. CpxR is also directly involved in activation of expression of RND efflux pump MexAB-OprM in P. aeruginosa. CpxR is required to enhance mexAB-oprM expression and drug resistance, in the absence of repressor MexR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3000566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(39)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet39 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in Gram-negative bacteria, including Brevundimonas, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, and Providencia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-194" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-194." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-173" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-173 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEDO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PEDO-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Pedobacter roseus exhibiting resistance to carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004220 .
obo:ARO_3009376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aif1 variants conferring antifungal resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Aif1 is responsible for the induction of apoptosis in fungi. It's mutation can lead to abhorrent survival of fungal cells in spite of antifungal intervention." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009375 .
obo:ARO_3001049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-189" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-189 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-968" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-968." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Kanamycin resistant whib7" ;
rdfs:comment "whib7 is a protein involved in transcriptional mechanisms. Mutations in the gene can cause resistance to kanamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004964 .
obo:ARO_3005346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DfrA34" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA34 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA14" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA14 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3003198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtH" ;
rdfs:comment "rmtH is a 16s ribosomal RNA methyltransferase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae strain MRSN2404 that was isolated from the chronic wound of a soldier wounded in Iraq in 2006. It confers high resistance to aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3009357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal nucleotide metabolism pathway enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "General exploitations to DNA related processes can confer antifungal resistance, inclusive of nucleotide metabolism pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3008455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1034" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1034." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "defensin resistant mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000519 , obo:ARO_3003421 .
obo:ARO_3003751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli nfsA mutations conferring resistance to nitrofurantoin" ;
rdfs:comment "nfsA encodes the major oxygen-insesitive nitroreductase in E. coli. The first step of resistance to nitrofurazone is mutation of nfsA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003754 .
obo:ARO_3000205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(X)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(X) is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics. Tet(X) hydroxylates position 11a of the tetraketide group thus inactivating the antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3006602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-222" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-222 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-327" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-327." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Kluyveromyces marxianus FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3001638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-107" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-107 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA21" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA21 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3007259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.22" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive DNA topoisomerase subunit parC" ;
rdfs:comment "ParC is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, which decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow access to genes for transcription or translation. Targeting topoisomerase IV inhibits DNA synthesis, and may also lead to double-stranded cell breaks." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000766 .
obo:ARO_3005280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-323" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-323 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0010000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic efflux" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3006953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOR-2" ;
rdfs:comment "MOR-2 is a MOR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005425 .
obo:ARO_3007266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.20" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-953" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-953." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3001682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-254" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-254 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PRC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PRC-1 is a beta-lactamase that confers resistance to certain cephalosporins and penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007084 .
obo:ARO_3007792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aplasmomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Aplasmomycin was isolated from a broth cultivated with a marine isolate of actinomycete, and inhibits Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and Plasmodium berghei in vivo. It is a natural ionophore." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3006940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-6" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK-6 is a LHK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:NCIT_85701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macro broth dilution method" ;
rdfs:comment "A method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics in which growth media is pipetted into a multi-well plate. Each well contains a known concentration of drug which is inoculated with a known quantity of bacteria. The plate is incubated for a specified period of time and each well is assessed for bacterial cell growth. The drug concentration in the first well showing no growth is known as the MIC for that antibiotic. Minimum 2 mL total broth dilution volume." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004397 .
obo:ARO_3001755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-300" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-300 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3001718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-262" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-262 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoC mutations confer resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in rpoC that contribute to or confer resistance to rifampicin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004995 .
obo:ARO_3006929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "KLUC-3 is a KLUC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005417 .
obo:ARO_3000690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bleomycinic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Bleomycinic acid is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces verticillus taken as a mixture of bleomycins. It induces stand breaks in bacterial nucleic acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000053 , obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3004375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "malacidin biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of malacidin A and malacidin B calcium-dependent cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics from uncultured soil bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3008007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-291" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-291." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Isoniazid resistant ahpC" ;
rdfs:comment "An alkyl hydroperoxide reductase that catalyzes the reduction of organic hydrogen peroxide to water and organic alcohols. Plays a role in protecting oxidative stress." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004893 .
obo:ARO_3004424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mueller-Hinton Broth" ;
rdfs:comment "General purpose medium used for culture of nonfastidious microorganisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004418 .
obo:ARO_3007115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "modification to cell morphology" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic-induced changes to cell morphology, including shape, volume and surface area, which decrease antibiotic susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3003201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TLA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The TLA beta-lactamases are resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam but was susceptible to amikacin, cefotetan, and imipenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-402" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-402 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-72" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-72 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3006896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ANA-1 is a ANA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005392 .
obo:ARO_3000757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "50S ribosomal subunit P-site" ;
rdfs:comment "The P-site of the ribosome binds the peptidyl-tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain, and is a common target for many antibiotics that inhibit the 50S ribosomal subunit. Some antibiotics (oxazolidinones) block the 50S subunit from interacting with the 30S subunit to prevent the formation of the ribosomal complex. Other antibiotics (thiostrepton) block the 50S subunit from interacting with elongation factors G and Tu (EF-G, Ef-Tu), preventing GTP-dependent reactions of peptidyl transferase, and translocation, respectively. Other antibiotics (macrolides) prevent protein translocation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000727 .
obo:ARO_3007428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin resistance operon" ;
rdfs:comment "Operon or gene clusters confering resistance to polymyxin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000010 .
obo:ARO_3002597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia bifunctional protein" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and transposons in S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. faecium and Staphylococcus warneri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007419 .
obo:ARO_3006662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-290" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-290 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azidocillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Azidocillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3007606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin K2" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3004441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(59)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(59) is a chromosome-encoded tetracycline efflux pump described from a Chinese pig manure sample." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-92" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-92 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-14" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MAL beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MAL beta-lactamase are class A beta-lactamases found in Citrobacter koseri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-83" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-83 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ELM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ELM-1 is a ELM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005410 .
obo:ARO_3007705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-211-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-211." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3008930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-583" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-583." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-27" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-27 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3001313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "facT" ;
rdfs:comment "Efflux protein facT confers resistance to factumycin. The gene has been heterologously expressed in S. coelicolor and its function confirmed. It is possible that this gene can export other kirromycin-like elfamycins, but this has not been tested." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(Z)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetZ is a tetracycline efflux protein found in Gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus). It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CAU-1 is a B3 metallo-beta-lactamase that is encoded by the Caulobacter crescentus chromosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004218 .
obo:ARO_3002308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-38" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-38 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclic thiazolyl peptide elfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyclic thiazolyl peptide elfamycins inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the formation of the EF-Tu*GTP-aa-tRNA ternary complex, a mechanism similar to that of pulvomycin. There are non-elfamycin cyclic thiazolyl peptide antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis by by targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit and are not discussed here further." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001219 .
obo:ARO_3003638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-481" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-481 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhA with mutations with conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes with mutations in inhA which confer resistance to ethionamide class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003417 .
obo:ARO_3001520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-332" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-332 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3007411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-V" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate neomycin, paromomycin and ribostamycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3008231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-101" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-101." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1200" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1200." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3001465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-165" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-165 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3000768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abeS" ;
rdfs:comment "AbeS in an efflux pump of the SMR family of transporters found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3008526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1108" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1108." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ANA beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Anaeromyxobacter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin H" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3001123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-69" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-69 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_0000076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance-modifying agents" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance-modifying agents (RMA) include antibiotic adjuvants and other inhibitors of antibiotic resistance, as well as antibiotic potentiators. These are non-antibiotic compounds which act to block resistance mechanisms or enhance antibiotic action. These are often delivered in combination with an antibiotic (e.g. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) and may either affect the host organism or the pathogen. Adjuvants and potentiators are therefore used to rescue the activity of existing antibiotic drugs, and are researched as an alternative solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3009249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal Mdr [Mark for deprecation]" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kasugamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "An unusual aminoglycoside because the cyclitol ring is not amino substituted; it was discovered as a fermentation product of Streptomyces kasugaensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3002467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-20" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-20 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3004161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Propionibacteria 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Propionibacteria shown clinically to confer resistance to macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3003880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-74" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-74 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3008970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-623" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-623." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "capsaicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Capsaicin is a compound found in chili peppers and is used to treat nerve pain. It is also able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3009333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis eis with mutation conferring resistance to amikacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis eis that contribute to or confer resistance to amikacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009332 .
obo:ARO_3009049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-230" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase SHV-230." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-62" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-62 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-190" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-190." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class A Mycobacterium tuberculosis bla beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase from M. tuberculosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-578" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-578." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-880" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-880 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tiamulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tiamulin is a pleuromutilin derivative currently used in veterinary medicine. It binds to the 23 rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000670 .
obo:ARO_3007334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norverapamil" ;
rdfs:comment "Norverapamil is a metabolite of verapamil that is able to inhibit the antibiotic efflux pump Rv1258c (Tap)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007324 .
obo:ARO_3009365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole resistant HMG-CoA reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "HMG CoA reductase encoding genes are responsible for steroid synthesis, inclusive of ergosterol synthesis in fungi. Disruption of these proteins can result in antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007668 .
obo:ARO_3001000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-136" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-136 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-235" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-235 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1307" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1307." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-182" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-182." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-278" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-278 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3006761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-391" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-391 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-592" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-592." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-42" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-42 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA with mutation conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA (Rv3854c) is a mono-oxygenase enzyme which activates the antibiotic ethionamide in vivo. Mutations in ethA confer resistance to ethionamide by modulating the activation and activity of the ethionamide prodrug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003457 .
obo:ARO_3005003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "50S rRNA with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the prokaryotic 50S ribosomal RNA subunit which disrupt binding sites and thereby reduce antibiotic efficacy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000328 .
obo:ARO_3008504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1086" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1086." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-618" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-618." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-121" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-121." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIC range" ;
rdfs:comment "MIC is a range of two MIC values (e.g., given 10 clinical isolates with a resistance determinant, there are 5 that have an MIC of 25ug/mL and 5 that have an MIC of 100ug/mL agaisnt tobramycin)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004519 .
obo:ARO_3005562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-26" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-26 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3007902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-120" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-120." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-1 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Morganella morganii and Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3001744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-289" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-289 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-resistant HapE" ;
rdfs:comment "HapE codes for a transcription factor typically associated with cellular adaptation and is found within fungi. Mutations in this gene have been associated with resistance against several different antifungal compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009424 .
obo:ARO_3002557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ij" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ij is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter genomosp. 13." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of bacteria can confer resistance to aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003211 .
obo:ARO_3001795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-56" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-56 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-564" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-564." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1282" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1282." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Polymyxin B is mixture of mostly polymyxins B1 and B2, mainly used for resistant gram-negative infections. They are polypeptides with cationic detergent action on cell membranes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3004735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL-2 is a beta-lactamase gene found in Staphylococcus Arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004742 .
obo:ARO_3008070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AFM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase AFM-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005388 .
obo:ARO_3001195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-156" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-156 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-266" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-266." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Campylobacter jejuni gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Campylobacter jejuni is a major bacterial infectious agent associated with gastroenteritis. Quinolone resistance is reportedly conferred by a single C-257-T nucleotide substitution in the gyrA gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3009223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Histoplasma capsulatum Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3007439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SSA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SSA beta-lactamases are a family of Class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-70" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-70." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA-3 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3003356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic resistant EF-Tu" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-27" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-27." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-262" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-262 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA7" ;
rdfs:comment "FosA7 is an enzyme that confers resistance to fosfomycin in Escherichia coli by breaking the epoxide ring of the molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3006034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-840" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-840 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefsulodin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefsulodin is a third generation cephalosporin with with activity against Pseudomonas spp., but little activity against other Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3003109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msrE" ;
rdfs:comment "MsrE is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed to Klebsiella pneumoniae that confers resistance to erythromycin and streptogramin B antibiotics. It is associated with plasmid DNA. It is also 100% identical to ABC-F type ribosomal protection protein Msr(E) which is in multiple species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3003053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeC" ;
rdfs:comment "smeC is an outer membrane multidrug efflux protein of the smeABC complex in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msbA" ;
rdfs:comment "MsbA is a multidrug resistance transporter homolog from E. coli and belongs to a superfamily of transporters that contain an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) which is also called a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). MsbA is a member of the MDR-ABC transporter group by sequence homology. MsbA transports lipid A, a major component of the bacterial outer cell membrane, and is the only bacterial ABC transporter that is essential for cell viability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3005954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-750" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-750 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib11" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib11 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3007080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piperic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Piperic acid is a compound produced by members of the Piper genus. It has been shown to inhibit the action of the MsrA drug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007077 .
obo:ARO_3008807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-10" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-5-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3009571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene truncation detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene has been detected in the query but is truncated relative to a reference sequence." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3006679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-309" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-309 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-5" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-5 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3009279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum siamense cytochrome b protein with mutations associated with resistance to azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain fungicides like strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3001537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-350" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-350 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3006112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-927" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-927 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "peptide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EreB" ;
rdfs:comment "EreB is an erythromycin esterase-like protein that hydrolyses the drug's lactone ring." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000320 .
obo:ARO_3003900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli cyaA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "CyaA (adenylate cyclase) is involved with the synthesis of cyclic AMP which regulates the fosfomycin transporter glpT. As a result, mutations to cyaA confer resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004251 .
obo:ARO_3002956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanYB, is a vanY variant found in the vanB gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000077 .
obo:ARO_3001083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-25" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-25 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium cls conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "cls or cardiolipin synthetase is an inner membrane protein that is involved in membrane synthesis. Specific mutations in Enterococcus can confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003272 .
obo:ARO_3007143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulopenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulopenem is a carbapenem derivative in phase III clinical trials (2022) for the treatment of various gram-positive and gram-negative infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3002226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-35" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-35 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ostreogrycin B3" ;
rdfs:comment "Ostreogrycin B3 is a derivative of pristinamycin IA, with an additional 3-hydroxy group on its 4-oxopipecolic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3001817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Hafnia alvei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3000573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(43)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(43) is a tetracycline resistance gene with unknown origins, isolated from metagenomic DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanA cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXA, is a vanX variant found in the vanA gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3000664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trovafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Trovafloxacin is a trifluoroquinalone with a broad spectrum of activity that acts by inhibiting the uncoiling of supercoiled DNA. While potent against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is less active against pseudomonads and Cl. difficile. It is usually taken as the prodrug trovafloxacin mesylate or alatrofloxacin mesylate for oral or intravenous administration, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3004525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance determinant in strain" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistant determinant is identified in strain without any experimental methods." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3009620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FKS2 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 and FKS2 encode a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3001754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-299" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-299 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-167" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-167 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-SK" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib-SK is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Streptomyces kanamyceticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3007148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefepime-taniborbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic cefepime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor taniborbactam. As of 2022, this antibiotic-adjuvant mixture is in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of various bacterial infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3001508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-319" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-319 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-505" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-505 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bioMérieux" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific vendor of automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility headquartered in France. bioMérieux is the developer of the Vitek automated testing platform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004404 .
obo:ARO_3002441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-8" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3007237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.21" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-146" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-146." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-23" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-23, originally described as AZECL-25, is a class C beta-lactamase that is found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3002035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-24" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-24 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bacillus subtilis rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within the Bacillus subtilis rpoB gene resulting in resistance to rifampin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3001022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-156" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-156 is a TEM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-214" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-156" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-156 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-1b" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-1b is a ACC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001815 .
obo:ARO_3006175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-46" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-46 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3004761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BRO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BRO-1 is a class A beta-lactamase found in M.catarrhalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004760 .
obo:ARO_3002258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-2a" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-2a is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3008938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-591" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-591." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-902" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-902 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "KLUC-5 is a KLUC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005417 .
obo:ARO_3002293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-23" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-23 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-102" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-102 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-20" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase FOX-20." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3008634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1224" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1224." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fbiB with mutation conferring resistance to delamanid" ;
rdfs:comment "fbiB is an enzyme in the Coenzyme F420 biosynthesis pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations in fbiB are associated with increased resistance to the antibiotic delamanid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009338 .
obo:ARO_3002830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgaALC" ;
rdfs:comment "vgaALC is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in staphylococci that confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics and related compounds. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3003548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtN" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug resistance efflux pump. Could be involved in resistance to puromycin, acriflavine and tetraphenylarsonium chloride." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Haemophilus influenzae PBP3 conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP3 is a penicillin-binding protein and beta-lactam resistance enzyme encoded by the ftsI gene in Haemophilus influenzae. Mutations in ftsI confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3001061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-2A" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-2A is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epinecidin-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Epinecidin-1 is a peptide antibiotic derived from Epinephelus coioides with broad spectrum activity against a range or Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3007382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 , obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3003240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to gentamicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3009285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pneumocystis jerovecii dhfr with mutations associated with resistance to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme integral to nucleotide and protein synthesis for eukaryotic life inclusive of fungi. This enzyme is targeted by certain drugs to to halt nucleotide synthesis and killing the target eukaryotic cell. Some of these drugs are useful against fungal infections, but mutations to this gene can lead to resistance against such intervention." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009284 .
obo:ARO_3002192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "venturicidin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Venturicidin A is an ATP synthase inhibitor and antibiotic adjuvant produced in actinomycetes. In the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, Venturicidin A showed to restore susceptibility to aminoglycosides in resistant bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005025 .
obo:ARO_3002114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-102" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-102 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptothricin acetyltransferase (SAT)" ;
rdfs:comment "AcetylCoA dependent acetyltransferase that acetylate streptothricins such as nourseothricin at position 16 (beta position of beta-lysine)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3003905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase sequence from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007403 .
obo:ARO_3009291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum MFS1 with mutations conferring resistance against cyclohexamide" ;
rdfs:comment "The MFS family of genes in fungi are part of the Major Facilitator Superfamily efflux pumps which are responsible for the export of antifungal compounds across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance inclusive of a protein synthesis inhibiting compound like cyclohexamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3005444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SFO beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Gammaproteobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "liproxstatin-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Liproxstatin-1 is a ferroptosis inhibitor that has been shown to increase the permeability of Gram-negative membranes and enhance the entry of large-scaffold antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3003998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ampicillin-sulbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic mixture containing the penicillin-derived beta-lactam antibiotic Ampicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Sulbactam. Also known as Unasyn and/or Ampictam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3003667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to peptide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of bacteria can confer resistance to peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003211 .
obo:ARO_3003025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusidic acid inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes that confer resistance to fusidic acid by inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3005995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-795" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-795 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3004241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class D LRA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases that are part of the LRA gene family and are classified as Class D beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3008872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-525" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-525." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-235" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-235 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-23" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-23 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3004006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftiofur" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftiofur is a third-generation broad spectrum cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic predominantly used in veterinary medicine. It causes cell lysis by disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linkage and cell wall formation by binding to PBPs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3003580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene altering cell wall charge" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes involved in alteration of the cell wall overall charge, leading to antimicrobial resistance due to reduced binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3000530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifabutin" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifabutin is a semisynthetic rifamycin used in tuberculosis therapy. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 .
obo:ARO_3001624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-84" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-84 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-139" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-139 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-207" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-207 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-163" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-163." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-103" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-103 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-26" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-26 is a DHA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3008931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-584" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-584." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vmlR" ;
rdfs:comment "vmlR is an ABC-F ATPase ribosomal protection protein identified in Bacillus subtilus. Shown to confer resistance to lincomycin and streptogramin A virginiamycin. Described by Crowe-McAuliffe et al. 2018." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3000810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mtrC" ;
rdfs:comment "MtrC is the membrane fusion protein of the MtrCDE multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000121 .
obo:ARO_3005246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-183" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC ortholog described by Nodari et al. 2020." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3004807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-15" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-15 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3006185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-21" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-21 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3001713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-214" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-214 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3007244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.17" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-170" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-170 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-4" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-4 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3006366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-197" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-197 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexW" ;
rdfs:comment "MexW is the RND-type membrane protein of the efflux complex MexVW-OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009151 .
obo:ARO_3004705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftazidime-clavulanic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephalosporin antibiotic ceftazidime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3002229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-38" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-38 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(34)" ;
rdfs:comment "tet(34) causes the activation of Mg2+-dependent purine nucleotide synthesis, which protects the protein synthesis pathway. It is found in Gram-negative Vibrio." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000012 , obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3008908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-561" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-561." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclomarin antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyclomarins are cyclic heptapeptides containing four unusual amino acids. Cyclomarins target two different targets: Clp C1, a subunit of the caseinolytic protease of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and PfAp3Ase of Plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, cyclomarins are interesting lead structures for the development of drugs against tuberculosis and malaria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-41" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-41 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3001588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-402" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-402 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-10" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-6-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VIIIb" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-VIIIb is an aminoglycoside phosphoryltransferase that acts on the 3-OH target of aminoglycosides found in Acinetobacter rudis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3001654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-143" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-143 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3009351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal morphological transition regulation" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungi have a unique capacity to change their morphological structure as a means of adapting to their environment. These shifts between morphological states, such as changing between yeast and hyphae may contribute to a fungal species ability to showcase antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007115 .
obo:ARO_3007609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target overexpression" ;
rdfs:comment "Increased expression of an antibiotic target protein can overcome effective dose of an antibiotic, leading to reduced susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3005297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-255" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-255 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-556" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-556." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanM" ;
rdfs:comment "VanM is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It is associated with both vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3008171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-33" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase DHA-33." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3001919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-58" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-58 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(X4)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracyline resistance gene located on an approximately 180-kb plasmid, designated p47EC. It inactivates all tetracyclines, including tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline.Adjacent to insertion sequence ISVsa3 on the conjugative plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3007371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA8" ;
rdfs:comment "FosA8 is a plasmid-located fosfomycin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3005578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-44" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-44 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3001130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-76" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-76 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-4-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-4-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3006683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-312" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-312 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1011" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1011." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A37" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A37." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3008371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-92" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-92." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-131" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-131." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CatU" ;
rdfs:comment "Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase conferring resistance to phenicol antibiotics detected in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, an isolated strain of Paenibacillus from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3009054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-235" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-235." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-61" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase GES-61." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3002327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-17" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-198" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-198." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "third-generation cephalosporin" ;
rdfs:comment "Third generation cephalosporin antibiotics have a marked activity against gram-negative bacteria, but diminished activity against gram-positive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000032 .
obo:ARO_3005826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-605" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-605 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-38" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-38 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3006012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-813" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-813 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3007396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-II" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3003200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ian" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ian is an amikacin acetyltransferase gene found on a transferable plasmid of the Serratia marcescens strain NUBL-11663. It catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A onto an amine at the 6'-position of various aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3008177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-7" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3002575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iai" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iai is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3001101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-43" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-43 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-860" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-860 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphF" ;
rdfs:comment "mphF is a macrolide phosphotransferase and resistance gene identified on the IncP plasmid pRSB111." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3007554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans CDR2 with mutations conferring resistance to azoles" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR2 is a Pleiotropic drug resistance gene encoding ABC transporters that contributes to multidrug antifungal resistance in fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009441 .
obo:ARO_3009388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium graminearum myosin-5 with mutations conferring resistance against phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in myosin-5 (also called myosin V) confer resistance against the fungicide phenamacril. Fusarium species produce myotoxins that are pathogenic to mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009384 .
obo:ARO_3003357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Clostridioides difficile elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001312 .
obo:ARO_3002287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-17" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-17 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(7'')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 7''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of hygromycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 7''-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3008584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1166" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1166." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3006283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-103" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-103 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-30" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-30 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli. Confers resistance to amoxycilllin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, neomycin, and intermediate resistance to mezlocillin and piperacillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-391" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-391 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PvrR" ;
rdfs:comment "PvrR is a response regulator that controls the conversion between antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms through porin deletion/gene absence." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004286 .
obo:ARO_3005741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-511" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-511 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_2000001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "confers_resistance_to_drug_class" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject (e.g., a gene family) confers or contributes to antibiotic resistance to some or all of the object (e.g. a drug class). It is a qualitative measure of antibiotic resistance, based on an experiment illustrating elevated MIC even outside of a clinical setting. A family of AMR genes confers resistance to a class of antibiotics if and only if all instances of that family confer resistance to some instances of that class in an organism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3004090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-IIb" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(3'')-IIb is a aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase identified in Acinetobacter spp. via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004275 .
obo:ARO_3009456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to prochloraz" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3000846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SIM-1 is an integron-encoded Ambler class B beta-lactamase isolated from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004206 .
obo:ARO_3006395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-226" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-226 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tsnR" ;
rdfs:comment "tsnR is a 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase that methylates adenosine-1067 to confer resistance to thiostrepton." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009652 .
obo:ARO_3005499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-51" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-51 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-50" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-50 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(9)-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 9-O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes which inactivate spectinomycin by catalyzing the transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000228 .
obo:ARO_3000060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "IND beta-lactamases are class B carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "echinocandin resistant fungal C-5 sterol desaturase" ;
rdfs:comment "C-5 sterol desaturase is encoded by ERG3 and is an ER-membrane localized enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol, as part of the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. Under normal physiological conditions, Erg3 plays an essential role in channeling sterol intermediates toward ergosterol, the primary sterol of fungal membranes that maintains membrane fluidity, integrity, and the function of membrane-associated proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009623 .
obo:ARO_3008779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-13" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-13." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-179" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-179 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1059" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1059." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-144" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-144 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3007502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Micafungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It was discovered at Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. It is active against most Candida species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007496 .
obo:ARO_3007943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-180" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-180." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-77" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-77 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-148" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-148 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ME1071" ;
rdfs:comment "ME1071 is an experimental metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3008410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-65" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-65." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-242" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-242." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1174" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1174." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanI cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRI, is the regulatory transcriptional activator in the vanSR regulator within the vanI glycopeptide resistance gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3002542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-VIIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-VIIIa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Streptomyces fradiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007390 .
obo:ARO_3000501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rpoB2" ;
rdfs:comment "Due to gene duplication, the genomes of Nocardia species include both rifampin-sensitive beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) and rifampin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB2) genes, with ~88% similarity between the two gene products. Expression of the rpoB2 variant results in replacement of rifampin sensitivity with rifampin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3007690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv2535c" ;
rdfs:comment "Rv2535c or pepQ encodes a putative Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase and is a new genetic determinant of low-level bedaquiline and clofazimine cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis when mutated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-11" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3009065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SRT-4" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase SRT-4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000095 .
obo:ARO_3001993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-135" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name CTX-M-135 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-112" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-112 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-41" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-41 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-90" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-90 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kirrothricin" ;
rdfs:comment "Kirrothricin is produced by Streptomyces cinnamoneus and is structurally related to kirromycin, aurodox, heneicomycin and shares a similar spectrum of antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3002374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-6" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3005286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-346" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-346 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-850" ;
rdfs:comment "Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-115" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-115 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pichia kudriavzevii ERG11 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3007014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacJ" ;
rdfs:comment "qacJ is a small multidrug resistance (SMR) efflux pump that confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3008973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-626" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-626." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-325" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-325 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA25" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA25 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella agona." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-24" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-24 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-575" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-575." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A29" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A29." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3000227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tyrothricin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tyrothricin is a mixture of antibiotics including tyrocidines and gramicidins, isolated from Bacillus brevis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3009575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3005163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ionophore with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "Ionophores are chemical entities which reversibly bind ions. Many ionophores display antibacterial and antifungal properties. An ionophore will bind and transport ions through a cell membrane, thereby potentially disrupting membrane potential and modifying permeability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3008645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1235" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1235." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NPS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "NPS beta-lactamases are class D beta-lactamases that have partial hydrolyzing abilities against penicillins and cephalosporin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3003447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant iniA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occurs on the iniA genes resulting in the resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003446 .
obo:ARO_3004430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial resistance tissue specificity" ;
rdfs:comment "The tissue type used to select breakpoints from a particular standard, for the interpretation of MIC results." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3002983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amrB" ;
rdfs:comment "amrB is the membrane fusion protein of the AmrAB-OprM multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3002008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-151" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-151 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phoPQ" ;
rdfs:comment "PhoPQ is a two-component regulatory system. phoP is phosphorylated by phoQ at a low [mg2+], activating the repressor. Its part of a two component regulating system that activates the PmrA/B system which has downstream effects, leading to Antimicrobial resistance in many pathogens. In Salmonella, phoP bind to macAB ABC transporter and represses it. In Escherichia coli, phoPQ regulates arnA expression. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, phoPQ regulates OprH expression. phoPQ have other roles in other species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-321" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-321." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-12" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3009094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-90" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-90." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-132" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-132 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-27" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-602" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-602." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant alr" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in alr which decreases effective functioning of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "host-related antibiotic adjuvants" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of antibiotic adjuvants which indirectly improve antibiotic susceptibility or retention through alterations to host physiology or metabolism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000076 .
obo:ARO_3004058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to linezolid" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit of the large ribosomal bacterial subunit in Staphylococcus aureus, which confer resistance to linezolid by disrupting antibiotic target binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004057 .
obo:ARO_3005433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PLA beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamase found in Raoultella planticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-76" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-76 is a beta-lactamase found in Kluyvera spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfadimidine" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfadimidine is an alkaline sulfonamide antibiotic that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, and enzyme in the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthesis pathway. This interferes with the production of folate, which is a precursor to many amino acids and nucleotides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3002650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-Vb" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-Vb is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Streptomyces ribosidificus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007411 .
obo:ARO_3008655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1245" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1245." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" ;
rdfs:comment "Any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has tested resistant (R) to at least one of methicillin, oxacillin or cefoxitin by standard susceptibility testing methods." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3003524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3002399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Subclass B1 Vibrio cholerae varG beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "varG is an Ambler class B metallo-beta-lactamase found on the antibiotic resistance var regulon in Vibrio cholerae, along with an antibiotic efflux pump varABCDEF. These genes are organized as a regulon under the control of VarR transcriptional activator. VarG was shown to have beta-lactamase activity against penicillins, carbapenems and cephalosporins in-vitro." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3001766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-192" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-192 is a beta-lactamase found in Brachyspira spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3001303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmO-srmA" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmO (gene srmA) is a methyltransferase found in the spiramycin producer Streptomyces ambofaciens. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. Specifically, this enzyme transfers only one methyl group. The gene is responsible for self-resistance to spiramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-77" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-77 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetR" ;
rdfs:comment "TetR is the repressor of the tetracycline resistance element; its N-terminal region forms a helix-turn-helix structure and binds DNA. Binding of tetracycline to TetR reduces the repressor affinity for the tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) promoter operator sites. Mutations arise within tetR results in lower affinity for tetracyclin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-25" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3001459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-154" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-154 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3009546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzimidazole resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is central to multiple biosynthetic pathways in fungi, inclusive of sterol synthesis. Benzimidazole fungicides primarily target beta-tubulin to prevent microtubule assembly and cell division. Mutations in certain P450 enzymes have been observed to confer benzimidazole resistance by altering fungal metabolism, cell wall composition, or membrane composition even though P450 enzymes are not the direct drug target." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3009014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A35" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A35." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3004577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii AmvA" ;
rdfs:comment "AmvA has 14 alpha-helical transmembrane segments, qualifying it as a member of the DHA2 transporter family of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). When AmvA was expressed in E. coli, the cells had at least four-fold decreased susceptibility to erythromycin, acridine orange, acriflavine, deoxycholate and methyl viologen. AmvA from the AC0037 strain of A. baumannii was tested." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-3" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-3 is a plasmid-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Vibrio fluvialis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3002182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3006651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-277" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-277 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-666" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-666 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3000858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "armA" ;
rdfs:comment "ArmA is a 16S rRNA methyltransferase that targets mature or nearly mature 30S subunits. It transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N7-G1405 of the 16S rRNA, an aminoglycoside binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3008421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1000" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1000." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-272" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-272 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-225" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-225." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "undecaprenyl pyrophosphate" ;
rdfs:comment "Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate is a precursor to a cell wall polymer carrier. It's activation requires a phosphatase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000721 .
obo:ARO_3004696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.4" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-4 variant and colistin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant eccB5" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the eccB5 gene contributing to antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004916 .
obo:ARO_3006812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-444" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-444 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-184" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-184." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unclassified serine beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Serine beta-lactamase inhibitors with unknown or undefined classification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007128 .
obo:ARO_3007103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitroimidazole reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitroimidazole reductases are a group of enzymes that deactivate nitroimidazole antibiotics by reducing their nitro functional group to an amino group. These enzymes are associated with resistance to nitroimidazole derivatives in Bacteroides fragilis but have also been reported in a variety of anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive genera. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for these enzymes vary greatly depending on species, strain, and precise nitroimidazole treatment used." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3009584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3009603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clavispora lusitaniae FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3002019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-8" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRyPTIC" ;
rdfs:comment "The Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis: an International Consortium (CRyPTIC) is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis AMR mutation catalog published in 2022. Mutation data acquired from the CRyPTIC catalog are evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009139 .
obo:ARO_3006330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-156" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-156 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.31" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bleomycin B2" ;
rdfs:comment "Bleomycin B2 is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces verticillus taken as a mixture of bleomycins. It induces stand breaks in bacterial nucleic acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000053 , obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3004906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant mymA" ;
rdfs:comment "mymA is an operon that begins at Rv3083 and ends at Rv3089 and is required for maintaining the appropriate mycolic acid composition and permeability of the envelope on its exposure to acidic pH. It has shown to be resistant to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004905 .
obo:ARO_3002359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-9" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-13" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3002972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanT gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanTG, is a vanT variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000372 .
obo:ARO_3000255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanF" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to vanA, contains a D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. The vanF gene cluster is inducible and confers high resistance to vancomycin in Paenibacillus popilliae. vanF organisms remain susceptible to teicoplanin. Gene orientation: RSYZHFX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3006839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-473" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-473 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-646" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-646 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-134 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3009336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-94" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-94 is a class A beta-lactamase identified from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3000739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RNA guanosine binding site" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA intron self-splicing action can be inhibited by antibiotics that target a G-binding site to compete with the guanosine cofactor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000740 .
obo:ARO_3006626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-248" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-248 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-93" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-93 is an IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-3" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-3 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3001487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-210" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-210 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3008581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1163" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1163." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erm(32)" ;
rdfs:comment "erm(32) is a rRNA methyltransferase. Encodes methyltransferases that modify 23S rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3000078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class A beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The Class A beta-lactamases are one of the subgroups of beta-lactamases that are classified as serine enzymes. Class A beta-lactamases exhibit a large degree of variability and are known to hydrolyze penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000001 .
obo:ARO_3008763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-986" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-986." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene modulating beta-lactam resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes that directly or indirectly modulate beta-lactam resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3004682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA27" ;
rdfs:comment "Small mobilizable plasmid pALWED1.8 containing a novel variant of the streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3003291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus rpoC conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occurs in Staphylococcus aureus rpoC resulting in resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003290 .
obo:ARO_3006722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-353" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-353 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tolnaftate" ;
rdfs:comment "Tolnaftate is a synthetic over-the-counter antifungal which may come as a cream, powder, spray or liquid aerosol typically used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm. It is a monothiocarbamic ester that is the methyl(3-tolyl)carbamothioate ester of 2-naphthol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3002714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB1" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB1 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3003510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracycline binds tightly to the helix 34 domain in 16S rRNA, where it interferes sterically with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome A site to block protein synthesis. Mutations in the nucleotide sequence in this domain of Helicobacter pylori can result in resistance against tetracycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003669 .
obo:ARO_3000981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-118" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-118 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BKC Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BKC beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-621" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-621 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3008883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-536" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-536." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-629" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-629." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-17" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-17 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3001306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmW" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmW is a methyltransferase found in the mycinamicin producer Micromonospora griseorubida. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. The gene is found within the mycinamicin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3002341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-12" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3009557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandins inhibit beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, disrupting fungal cell wall biosynthesis rather than sterol production. Although resistance to echinocandins is classically driven by mutations in the FKS genes, alterations in sterol biosynthesis pathways, including mutations in Cyp51, have been shown in some fungi to indirectly influence echinocandin susceptibility. Cyp51 mutations can modify membrane sterol composition and cell envelope architecture, affecting cell wall stress responses and compensatory signaling pathways. These secondary effects may reduce echinocandin efficacy and contribute to tolerance or reduced susceptibility, even though Cyp51 is not the direct molecular target of echinocandins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009246 .
obo:ARO_3009083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-31" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-31." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-418" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-418 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3008780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-16" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-16." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3009152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexXY" ;
rdfs:comment "MexXY is a multidrug efflux pump complex consisting of MexX and MexY as its core components. This system serves as a key transport mechanism, interacting with outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and toxic compounds, contributing to multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-394" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-394 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-59" ;
rdfs:comment "An ADC beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3004927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mshC mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in mshC that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004904 .
obo:ARO_3002661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(7'')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(7'')-Ia is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. hygroscopicus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007417 .
obo:ARO_3007946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-183" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-183." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-204" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-204 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3009004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A26" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A26." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3005189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-166" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-166 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-425" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-425 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-408" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-408 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2731 mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv2731 gene that contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004986 .
obo:ARO_3006041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-848" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-848 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-91" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-91 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-8" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-8 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB8" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB8 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-99" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-99 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0001001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target alteration" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3001706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-102" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-102 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-175" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-175 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-31" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-31 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimH" ;
rdfs:comment "nimH is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3004499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tosufloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tosufloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with an extended spectrum of activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3003923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oqxB" ;
rdfs:comment "RND efflux pump conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-195" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-195." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-5" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-261" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-261 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-254" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-254." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-152" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-152 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-739" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-739 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS5" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS5 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Aeromonas sobria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-249" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-249 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-209" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-209." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-52" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-52 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Intrinsic peptide antibiotic resistant Lps" ;
rdfs:comment "LpsB is involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. It provides intrinsic resistance to colistin and other peptide antibiotics such as polymyxins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3000165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(A)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetA is a tetracycline efflux pump found in many species of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-107" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-107 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-24" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-24 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-49" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-49 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes that inactivate rifampin antibiotics by chemical modification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3009346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible ase1" ;
rdfs:comment "Ase1 is found in fungi and is involved in the microtubule alignment of chromosomes during metaphase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009311 .
obo:ARO_3004859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrB conferring resistance to zoliflodacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Neisseria gonorrhoea gyrase B decreases affinity to zoliflodacin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005000 .
obo:ARO_3006258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-63" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-63 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1050" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1050." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MUS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MUS-1 is a chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase from Myroides odoratus and Myroides odoratimimus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004067 .
obo:ARO_3006001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-801" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-801 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans TAC1 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters. Mutations to Tac1 can result in resistance against azole drugs. These types of mutations are noted to cause a loss of heterozygosity in TAC1 through mitotic recombination of the left arm of Chromosome 5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009298 .
obo:ARO_3007159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salicylic acid antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics derived from salicylic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3004716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanillobiocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic similar to clorobiocin, but with vanillic acid as the acyl component instead of crenelated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3003016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA20" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA20 is a plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Pasteurella multocida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_0000023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enoxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Enoxacin belongs to a group called fluoroquinolones. Its mode of action depends upon blocking bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to DNA gyrase and causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3006068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-876" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-876 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-23" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-23 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ndh gene shown clinically to confer resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003460 .
obo:ARO_3001779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-146" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-146 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3002564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-It" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-It is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter genomosp. 16." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3007565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus spp. cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to triazoles antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Aspergillus spp. cyp51A is a fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme with mutations in the gene causing triazole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007523 .
obo:ARO_3006523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-146" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-146 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3005647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-224" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-224 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_0010001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are present in all cells of all organisms and use the energy of ATP binding/hydrolysis to transport substrates across cell membranes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3004522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "=" ;
rdfs:comment "Equal to MIC value." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004519 .
obo:ARO_3008532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1114" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1114." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(F)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(F) is an mef efflux pump protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:ARO_3008707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1297" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1297." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant drmA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to drmA confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrimethamine" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrimethamine is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). DHFR is a key enzyme in the redox cycle for production of tetrahydrofolate, a cofactor that is required for the synthesis of DNA and proteins. It is typically used in combination with other drugs to treat parasitic infections, including malaria and toxoplasmosis. When combined with sulfadoxine, it can be used as prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jerovecii (fungi) induced pneumonia (PCP). However, this compound is generally not recommended for PCP prophylaxis unless trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, dapsone/pyrimethamine/leucovorin, atovaquone or dapsone cannot be used." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3003042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pneumoniae PBP2b conferring resistance to amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP2b is a penicillin-binding protein found in Streptococcus pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3006837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-471" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-471 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kresoxim-methyl" ;
rdfs:comment "Kresoxim-methyl is a strobilurin fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops. It has a role as a mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009305 .
obo:ARO_3004511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.2" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 polymyxin resistance gene variant identified in a colistin-resistant Salmonella isolate from Canada, located on an IncHI-2 plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eptA" ;
rdfs:comment "PmrC mediates the modification of Lipid A by the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine, resulting in a less negative cell membrane and decreased binding of polymyxin B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3006164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-35" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-35 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-168" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-168." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-227" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-227 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans CDR2 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR2 encodes an efflux pump that helps expel toxic substances from fungal cells. The mutations enhance this pump's ability to remove caspofungin, which is an antifungal medication that normally kills fungi by disrupting cell wall synthesis. When CDR2 is mutated, it becomes overactive, rapidly pumping out caspofungin before the drug can effectively damage the fungal cell wall. This creates drug resistance, making caspofungin treatment ineffective and allowing the infection to persist despite medication." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009441 .
obo:ARO_3003755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic resistant nfsB" ;
rdfs:comment "The nsfB gene encodes a minor oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase. NfsB reduces a broad range of nitroaromatic compounds including the antibiotics nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin. NfsB is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-containing protein and uses both NADH and NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents. Mutations in nfsB lead to increased resistance to nitrofurazone and furazolidone in an nfsA mutant background." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-500" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-500 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phoQ" ;
rdfs:comment "PhoQ is a sensor protein that is induced by low Mg2+ concentrations. When activated, PhoQ donates a phosphate to activate PhoP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3004337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-74" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(37)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(37) is found in Mycobacterium species and confers the MLSb phenotype. In addition to methylation of A2058 this Erm methylates adjacent adenosines (A2057 and A2059) as well." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-288" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-288 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3006725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-356" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-356 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1136" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1136." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3009056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-237" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-237." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-4" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3002456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-5" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3005098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacL" ;
rdfs:comment "A subunit of the qac multidrug efflux pump in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3004218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CAU beta-lactamases are a subclass B3 family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3005019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-68" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-68 is a subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase that confers resistance to carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iboxamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Iboxamycin is a fully synthetic lincosamide antibiotic. Like other lincosamides, it selectively targets the bacterial ribosome and prevents elongation of the peptide chain. Iboxamycin has been shown to be effective against bacterial strains otherwise resistant to licosamide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000017 .
obo:ARO_3001437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-67" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-67 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-181" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-181." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-626" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-626 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3005038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-65" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-65 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-187" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-187 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-169" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-169." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3002950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXB, is a vanX variant found in the vanB gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3000248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DnaA" ;
rdfs:comment "DnaA is a chromosomal replication initiation protein which binds and interacts with RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. A surplus of DnaA present in a cell has been shown to confer resistance to the antibiotic Rifampicin. Normally, rifampicin inhibits initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase, but a surplus of DnaA available at the origin has been shown to disrupt Rifampicin activity and confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004244 .
obo:ARO_3001235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aurodox" ;
rdfs:comment "Aurodox is an elongation factor Tu inhibiting antibiotic. It was first referred to as X-5108. It is produced by Streptomyces goldiniensis var. goldiniensis and is active primarily against gram-positive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3000059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases. There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide. These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States. Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities. KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3009076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-257" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-257." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LnuP" ;
rdfs:comment "LnuP is a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase major efflux facilitator." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3006019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-821" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-821 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Staphylococcus aureus parC resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3005393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AXC beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamase found in the Anaeromyxobacter genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mef(En2)" ;
rdfs:comment "NBU2-encoded resistance gene. An MefE homolog in Bacteroides species. Macrolide efflux MFS transporter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:ARO_3001714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-215" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-215 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3006139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-98" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-98 is a TEM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-71" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-71 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-91" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-91 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant nudC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur on the nudC gene resulting in the inability for antibiotic to function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-332" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-332." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpsB" ;
rdfs:comment "LpsB is involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. It confers intrinsic resistance to colistin and other peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005050 .
obo:ARO_3002002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-144" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-144 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida orthopsilosis ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3006489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-111" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-111 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-514" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-514." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosD" ;
rdfs:comment "A fosfomycin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3001836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-14" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-14 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-106" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-106." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114g" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114g is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3005302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-376" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-376 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-201" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-201." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPN79-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SPN79-1 is a SPN79 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005447 .
obo:ARO_3005539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-26" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-26 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3000209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit parY" ;
rdfs:comment "ParY is part of a topoisomerase IV that is resistant to antibiotics that affect other topoisomerases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000370 .
obo:ARO_3004738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL-5" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL-5 is a beta-lactamase gene found in Staphylococcus arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004742 .
obo:ARO_3005004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae mtrC with mutation conferring resistance to azithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutation in the mtrC efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoea shown to confer resistance to azithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AFM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "AFM-2 is a AFM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005388 .
obo:ARO_3003194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GIM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "GIM-2 is a metallo-beta-lactamase present on an integron found in clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae in Germany." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003195 .
obo:ARO_3005171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyketide with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyketides are a large group of secondary metabolites. Some polyketide compounds have been shown to possess antibiotic activity and qualities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3004668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrAS" ;
rdfs:comment "Located on the chromosome of Aliivibrio salmonicida. Provides low-level resistance to quinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-82" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-82 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "calcineurin inhibitor resistant BycA" ;
rdfs:comment "BycA specifically influences the morphological state of fungi by unrestricting Protein Kinase A (PKA). Under normal conditions calcineurin acts as the master regulator by suppressing the transcription of the bycA gene at the mRNA level. By keeping BycA levels minimized, downstream PKA activity remains low which ultimately permits virulent hyphal growth in fungi. When calcineurin is inhibited the transcriptional suppression on the bycA promoter is immediately lifted. This ultimately causes the fungal cell to bind extracellular amino acids leading to a conformational change that forces the fungus into a yeast-locked, avirulent state." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009565 .
obo:ARO_3000175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(H)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetH is a tetracycline efflux protein expressed in Gram-negative bacteria (Actinobacillus, Acinetobacter, Gallibacterium, Histophilus, Mannheimia, Moraxella, Pasteurella, and Psychrobacter). Its gene is linked to the resistance genes sul2, and strA, which confer resistance to sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(62)" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel tetA-type efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lmrC" ;
rdfs:comment "lmrC is an ABC-F subfamily protein that confers resistance to lincosamides in Streptomyces lincolnensis and Lactococcus lactis. It can dimerize with lmrD." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3003994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cpaA" ;
rdfs:comment "cpaA is a capreomycin acetyltransferase protein found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, an isolated strain of Paenibacillus in Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to capreomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004257 .
obo:ARO_3009601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3006617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-239" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-239 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-21a" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-21a is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-567" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-567." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP beta-lactamases are chromosomal class A beta-lactamase that confer resistance to penicillins and early cephalosporins in Klebsiella pneumoniae. OKP beta-lactamases can be subdivided into two groups: OKP-A and OKP-B which diverge by about 4.2%." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-109" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-109 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-734" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-734 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-259" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-259 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-7" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-7 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3009595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida metapsilosis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-1,3-glucan synthase is utilised by fungi in their cell wall synthesis. Echinocandins are a group of anti-fungal compounds that inhibit this pathway, thereby combating a fungal infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3009318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-resistant beta-tubulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-tubulin is integral to most cellular cytoskeletal structures, including fungi. Beta tubulin is the target of benzimidazole compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intrinsic colistin resistant phosphoethanolamine transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Chromosomally-encoded phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) transferases shown to confer resistance to polymyxin antibiotics, including colistin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004112 .
obo:ARO_3007081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetrahydropiperine" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetraydropiperine is a derivative of piperine produced by members of the Piper genus. It has been shown to inhibit the action of the MsrA drug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007077 .
obo:ARO_3004102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kamB" ;
rdfs:comment "Methyltransferase enzyme first described in Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius. Confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics (esp. apramycin) through methylation of the 16S rRNA at A1408, thereby modifying the antibiotic target." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004272 .
obo:ARO_3006950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MAL-2" ;
rdfs:comment "MAL-2 is a MAL beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005422 .
obo:ARO_3009045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase SFC-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005443 .
obo:ARO_3004828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-36" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-36 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella variicola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3002384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BEL beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BEL beta-lactamases are class A expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases that are inhibited by clavulanic acid. They are chromosomally encoded and hydrolyze most cephalosporins and aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli emrE" ;
rdfs:comment "Member of the small MDR (multidrug resistance) family of transporters; in Escherichia coli this protein provides resistance against a number of positively charged compounds including ethidium bromide and erythromycin; proton-dependent secondary transporter which exchanges protons for compound translocation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000264 .
obo:ARO_3004023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ticarcillin-clavulanic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic ticarcillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (clavulanate)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3003183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-14" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter lwoffii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-15" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-15 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3009084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-32" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-32." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-17" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3003595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-439" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-439 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3003841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kdpE" ;
rdfs:comment "kdpE is a transcriptional activator that is part of the two-component system KdpD/KdpE that is studied for its regulatory role in potassium transport and has been identified as an adaptive regulator involved in the virulence and intracellular survival of pathogenic bacteria. kdpE regulates a range of virulence loci through direct promoter binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3007262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.21" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB65" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB65 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3003762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuE" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuE encodes a lincosamide resistance gene isolated from Streptococcus suis that was truncated by an ISEnfa5-cfr-ISEnfa5 segment insertion. It shares the closest sequence similarity to lnuA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3000266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADP-ribosylation of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "The inactivation of antibiotics by the enzymatic addition of ADP-ribose from NAD+." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3004539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphH" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosomal macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase and resistance gene identified from a Brachybacterium faecium cave isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3004547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA6" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and antibiotic resistance gene identified from an integron in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanN cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSN, is a vanS variant found in the vanN gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3002818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msrB" ;
rdfs:comment "MsrB is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed to Staphylococcus species that confers resistance to erythromycin and streptogramin B antibiotics. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3000948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-81" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-81 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampicin resistant rpoA" ;
rdfs:comment "rpoA catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA and mutations confer resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004997 .
obo:ARO_3005836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-615" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-615 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3006783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-414" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-414 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-141" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-141 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1267" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1267." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-99" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-99 is a KPC class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-29" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-29 is a DHA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3004950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ubiA mutations confer resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the ubiA gene contribute to or confer resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004949 .
obo:ARO_3008632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1222" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1222." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-86" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-86." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-547" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-547." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EAM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "EAM beta-lactamase are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Qipengyuania aquimaris." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-95" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-95 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1119" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1119." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3001407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-12" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas jandaei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3008373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-24" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3002247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-8" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Oligella urethralis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3008488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1070" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1070." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefozopran" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefozopran is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009108 .
obo:ARO_3004507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.9" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin resistance gene variant identified from an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli clinical isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-89" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-89 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-239" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-239 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-3" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-3 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3006736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-366" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-366 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-9" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-9 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3008621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1211" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1211." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-19" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-19 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NWM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "NWM-1 is a NWM beta-lactamase gene family variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007847 .
obo:ARO_3008278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-152" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-152." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-997" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-997." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3003414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LFF571" ;
rdfs:comment "LFF571 is a novel semi-synthetic thiopeptide antibiotic derived from GE2270. It has been shown to possess potent in vitro and in vivo activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is hypothesized that it a translation inhibitor leading to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001309 .
obo:ARO_3005047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eptB" ;
rdfs:comment "eptB is a phosphoethanolamine transferase. It confers resistance to peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3003159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-419" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-419 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:DOID_0050161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lower respiratory tract disease" ;
rdfs:comment "A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:DOID_1579 .
obo:ARO_3001799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-161" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-161 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3000836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "soxR" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxR is a sensory protein that upregulates soxS expression in the presence of redox-cycling drugs. This stress response leads to the expression many multidrug efflux pumps. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which lacks SoxS, SoxR is able to directly upregulate the expression of the MexGHI-OpmD efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 .
obo:ARO_3004117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vibrio cholerae OmpU" ;
rdfs:comment "A ToxR-Regulated outer membrane porin. In Vibrio cholerae, ToxR controls resistance to P2 (a BPI-derived antimicrobial peptide) by regulating the production of OmpU. OmpU also confers resistance to polymyxin B sulfate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004282 .
obo:ARO_3007935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-172" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-172." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lmrAB Operon" ;
rdfs:comment "lmrAB operon is involved in lincosamide resistance in Bacillus subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iad" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iad is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter genomosp. 3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-I-43" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-I-43 (aacA43) is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by integrons found in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloaecae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3008369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-89" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-89." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-32" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella variicola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3001940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-79" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-79 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diflunisal" ;
rdfs:comment "Diflunisal is a salicylic acid derivative and aspirin analogue typically used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It has been shown to exhibit antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli by inhibiting MurA (MurZ), thereby disrupting cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007159 .
obo:ARO_3002553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-If" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-If is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3008199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HBL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HBL-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007869 .
obo:ARO_3006572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-193" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-193 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-46" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-46 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Nucleotide point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3009636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole resistant Upc2" ;
rdfs:comment "UPC2 encodes a transcription factor that is a master regulator of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. Its mutation is clinically important because gain-of-function mutations in UPC2 are a well-known mechanism of azole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009635 .
obo:ARO_3001900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-38" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-38 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-20" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-20." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-8" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-8 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-606" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-606." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-61" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-61." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VHH-1" ;
rdfs:comment "VHH-1 is a VHH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005455 .
obo:ARO_3008458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1037" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1037." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli GlpT with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations to the active importer GlpT, which is involved with the uptake of many phosphorylated sugars, confer resistance to fosfomycin by reducing import of the drug into the bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004247 .
obo:ARO_3001072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-13" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-13 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal mfs" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009260 .
obo:ARO_3007995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-279" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-279." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:NCIT_23014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gram stain" ;
rdfs:comment "Gram staining is a method for staining and identifying bacteria. It is based on the differential retention of a crystal violet-iodine complex within the cell membrane. The cell wall of gram-positive cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains crystal violet after an alcohol wash (staining black-blue or purple by a counterstain). The cell wall of gram-negative cells have a thinner peptidoglycan layer that does not retain crystal violet after an alcohol wash (staining red after counterstain). Some cells have variable staining in culture (e.g. Bacillus, Clostridium) while others have indeterminate staining due to unique aspects of their cell membrane or wall (e.g. Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3007830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-52" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-52 is a class A GES-like extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_0000030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tigecycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Tigecycline is an glycylcycline antibiotic. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000042 .
obo:ARO_3004251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant cya adenylate cyclase" ;
rdfs:comment "Adenylate cyclases encoded by cya genes, which are involved in the synthesis cyclic AMP which regulates the fosfomycin transporter glpT. Mutations in cya genes can confer resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edeine" ;
rdfs:comment "Edeines are basic linear peptides produced by Bacillus brevis Vm4. They have antibacterial as well as antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Edeines are bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal at low and high concentrations, respectively. They are able to inhibit DNA synthesis and protein translation. These compounds are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases and contain numerous unusual amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3008548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1130" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1130." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-474" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-474 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA8" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA8 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3004567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ramoplanin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ramoplanin is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic derived from gram-positive Actinoplanes used to treat infection with Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3009594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida metapsilosis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3006261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-66" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-66 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell wall synthesis enzyme targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Cell wall biosynthesis provides bacteria with a layer of peptidoglycan that provides rigidity and protects the cell from lysis due to osmotic pressure. Cell wall structures vary significantly between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while mycobacteria have a unique cell wall composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3000097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN beta-lactamases are chromosomal class A beta-lactamases that confer resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin but not to extended-spectrum beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000096 .
obo:ARO_3007721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-48-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48-type beta-lactamases are now routinely encountered in bacterial infections caused by carbapenam-resistant Enterobacterales. OXA-48-like proteins confer resistance to penicillin (which is efficiently hydrolyzed) and carbapenam antibiotics (which is more slowly broken down). The spectrum of activity of these variants varies, with some hydrolyzing expanded-spectrum oxyimino-cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3004888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethionamide resistant fabG1" ;
rdfs:comment "fabG1 is involved in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, acting in the first reduction step for mycolic acid. It is associated with ethionamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004887 .
obo:ARO_3005632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-209" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-209 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces spheroides novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Novobiocin is produced from biosynthetic clusters in Streptomyces spheroides and Streptomyces niveus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000532 .
obo:ARO_3007270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.28" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-115" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-115." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone sensitive gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-subunit of DNA gyrase sensitive to inhibition by fluoroquinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000734 .
obo:ARO_3004558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CAM (Central Alberta Metallo) beta-lactamases are class B metallo-beta-lactamases and carbapenemases found to confer resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3003712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-16" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-16 (VEB-1b) is a beta-lactamase that is found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3009157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "General Ontology for Antimicrobial Resistance Catalogues (GOARC)" ;
rdfs:comment "A proposed grammar to describe genetic changes that is readable by both human and software (https://github.com/oxfordmmm/piezo/blob/master/NOMENCLATURE.md)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3002841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatB" ;
rdfs:comment "vatB is a plasmid-mediated acetyltransferase found in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3005152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-72" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-72 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-438" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-438 is class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-118" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-118 is a beta-lactamase found in Burkholderia cepacia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007720 .
obo:ARO_3008159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-270" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-270." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-41" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-41 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-704" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-704 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant embR" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occurs on the embR genes resulting in the resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005005 .
obo:ARO_3005805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-584" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-584 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3001676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-235" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-235 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3007025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sarecycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Sarecycline is a tetracycline derivative." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3000735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fluoroquinolone sensitive parC" ;
rdfs:comment "parC is a subunit of the DNA topoisomerase IV and is sensitive to fluoroquinolone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003256 .
obo:ARO_3003148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-425" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-425 is a beta-lactamase found in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. It is carbapenem-resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutations conferring resistance to mebendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Menbendazole can be used a tubulin destabilizing agent against some fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations in beta tubulin genes can confer resistance against this compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3005917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-710" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-710 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-12" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-12 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3001145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-93" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-93 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1198" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1198." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-26" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-26 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_068981634.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfr(E) Group" ;
rdfs:comment "cfr(E) is a cfr-like gene described by (Stojkovic et al, 2019). It is found on transposon Tn6218 and found in Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000202 .
obo:ARO_3006972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PLN-1 is a PLN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005434 .
obo:ARO_3008111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-172" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase CMY-172." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-79" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-79 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-28" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-28 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MUN-6" ;
rdfs:comment "MUN family extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase MUN-6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007871 .
obo:ARO_3005519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-71" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-71 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "POM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "POM-2 is a POM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005436 .
obo:ARO_3002318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-8" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-120" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-120 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-5" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3006610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-232" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-232 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-53" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-53 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-21" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-21." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3002139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-8" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-8 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3003132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-124" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-124 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moxalactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Moxalactam (Latamoxef) is a broad spectrum cephalosporin (oxacephem) and beta-lactam antibiotic. Moxalactam binding to PBPs inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linkage in the cell wall, resulting in cell death. Moxalactam is proposed to be effective against meningitides as it passes the blood-brain barrier." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3005889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-682" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-682 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-93" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-93 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatF" ;
rdfs:comment "vatF is a streptogramin A acetyl transferase gene isolated from the chromosome of Yersinia enterocolitica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3003284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium leprae rpoB mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occurs in Mycobacterium leprae rpoB resulting in resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3004657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catA4" ;
rdfs:comment "catA4 is a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase that confers resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3008216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-101" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-101." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "efmA" ;
rdfs:comment "efmA is an MFS transporter permease in E. faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae PBP2 conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP2 is a penicillin-binding protein and beta-lactam resistance enzyme encoded by the penA gene, due to mutations can cause resistance to various drugs such as Penicillin and Ceftriaxone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3009100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA30" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase CfiA30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3006189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-60" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-60 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lasso peptide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Lasso peptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) characterized by a threaded lariat-like structure, in which the C-terminal peptide tail is trapped within an N-terminal macrolactam ring. This unique topology contributes to their exceptional stability and diverse biological activities. Many lasso peptides exhibit antibacterial activity by targeting essential cellular processes, including transcription and proteolysis, although their molecular targets are highly diverse." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3006714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-344" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-344 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to flusilazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Llm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of RlmK-like lincosamide-resistant 23S rRNA methyltransferases. The only member of the family discovered so far was isolated from Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain found in Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA with resistance exclusively observed for clindamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004274 .
obo:ARO_3003554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tcmA" ;
rdfs:comment "Major facilitator superfamily transporter. Resistance to tetracenomycin C by an active tetracenomycin C efflux system which is probably energized by transmembrane electrochemical gradients." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-193" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to edeine" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the 16S rRNA in Escherichia coli can confer resistance to edeine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003667 .
obo:ARO_3006430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-38" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-38 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-637" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-637 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ir" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ir is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter colistiniresistens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3002681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catB9" ;
rdfs:comment "catB9 is a chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3002953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanM cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXM, is a vanX variant found in the vanM gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3001257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unphenelfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Unphenelfamycin was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Unphenelfamycin has a monosaccaride moeity and lacks the phenacetyl moeity present in the other phenelfamycins. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3000649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefditoren" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefditoren is a semisynthetic cephalosporin active against staphylococci, streptococci, and and most enterobacteria. It is resistant to staphylococcal and most enterobacterial beta-lactamases, and is usually taken as the prodrug cefditoren pivoxil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3006210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-13" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-13 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3005999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-799" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-799 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Posaconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It has broad spectrum activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3006408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-239" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-239 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdsA" ;
rdfs:comment "MdsA is the membrane fusion protein of the multidrug and metal efflux complex MdsABC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-157" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-157 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-B1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-B1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007874 .
obo:ARO_3001105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-48" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-48 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IVb" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel aminoglycoside resistance gene identified from Cupriavidus gilardii; AAC(3)-IVb / aacC10 is an aminoglycoside-3-N-acetyltransferase gene which confers resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007387 .
obo:ARO_3003901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus GlpT with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the active importer GlpT, which is involved with the uptake of many phosphorylated sugars, confer resistance to fosfomycin by reducing import of the drug into the bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004247 .
obo:ARO_3004976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ppsD mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ppsD can contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004886 .
obo:ARO_3004301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistant antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "A bacterial strain is said to be resistant to a given antibiotic when it is inhibited in vitro by a concentration of this drug that is associated with a high likelihood of therapeutic failure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004440 .
obo:ARO_3009138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "5-Fluorouracil" ;
rdfs:comment "5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite typically used as a cancer treatment and is cytotoxic. It is a pyrimidine analogue inhibits thymidylate synthase which halts the DNA synthesis. Its cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells have also allowed the drug to be explored for fungal infection treatment as well." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007560 .
obo:ARO_3004020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piperacillin-sulbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam penam antibiotic Piperacillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3005076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-6" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-6 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was first described by Clemente et al." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3001050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-190" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-190 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-75" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-75 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')-Ig" ;
rdfs:comment "APH('')-Ig is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Campylobacter coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000128 .
obo:ARO_3009393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib8" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib8 is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3005853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-632" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-632 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3007984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-268" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-268." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-23" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-23 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3008136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-246" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-246." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-52" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-52 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-13" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial susceptibility test control" ;
rdfs:comment "The control of the antibiotic susceptibility testing, whether there was an experimental control (same strain, with and without resistance determinant) or if there was a group of clinical isolates found to have a resistance determinant compared against a strain without that resistance determinant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3004724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftolozane-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephalosporin antibiotic ceftolozane and the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3005982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-778" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-778 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3005949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-745" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-745 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diethofencarb" ;
rdfs:comment "Diethofencarb is a fungicide typically used as an agrochemical. It is a carbamate ester class fungicide, an aromatic ether and a carbanilate fungicide (subclass of carbamate fungicide). Carbamates are functionally related to benzimidazoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009323 .
obo:ARO_3009368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg2 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3003701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rokitamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Rokitamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Synthesized from strains of Streptomyces kitasatoensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3001482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-197" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-197 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-127" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-127." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-25" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-25 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3002993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AQU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AQU-1 is a chromosomal class C beta-lactamase found in clinical Aeromonas dhakensis isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002992 .
obo:ARO_3007471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "narasin" ;
rdfs:comment "Narasin is polyether ionophore antibiotic. It is a derivative of salinomycin with an additional methyl group. Narasin is produced by fermentation of a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3001584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-398" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-398 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus pgsA mutations conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within Staphylococcus aureus pgsA gene resulting in resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003080 .
obo:ARO_3000961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-94" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-94 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant nat" ;
rdfs:comment "Arylamine N-acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to the free amino group of arylamines and hydrazines. Reports have shown that overexpression of this enzyme may be responsible for increased resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004909 .
obo:ARO_3000071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS" ;
rdfs:comment "VanS is similar to histidine protein kinases like EnvZ and acts as a response regulator by activating VanR. VanS is required for high level transcription of other van glycopeptide resistance genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002905 .
obo:ARO_3002029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-18" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-18 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mshA mutations conferring resistance to prothionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis mshA conferring resistance to prothionamide, an analogue to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005107 .
obo:ARO_3008879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-532" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-532." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA17" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA17 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in Aeromonas media." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3001504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-309" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-309 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3005594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-171" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-171 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-1 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3001758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-303" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-303 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-17" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-57" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-57 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH" ;
rdfs:comment "VanH is a D-specific alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase that synthesizes D-lactate. D-lactate is incorporated into the end of the peptidoglycan subunits, decreasing vancomycin binding affinity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3002204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-13" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marinomycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Marinomycin C is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007763 .
obo:ARO_3001841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-20" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-20 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-Ia is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. stuartii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007393 .
obo:ARO_3009274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus ase1 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The ase1 gene encodes a microtubule associated protein that is particularly involved in the mitotic spindle formation and stabilization during cell division. Alterations in cell division can often lead to major genetic adaptations, such as the development of aneuploidy. In instances where a fungi can survive a major genetic adaptation, the resultant mutant could exhibit antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009295 .
obo:ARO_3006693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-322" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-322 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "almEFG" ;
rdfs:comment "The almEFG operon is responsible for glycylation of lipid A as a mechanism of colistin resistance in Vibrio cholerae. Its mechanism involves transfer of a glycyl molecule to the carrier protein almF by almE followed by glycylation of lipid A by almG." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 , obo:ARO_3007428 .
obo:ARO_3005369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-37" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-37 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_116786832.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-186" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-186." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PSZ beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PSZ beta-lactamases are a novel AmpC enzyme gene family, which was found on a strain of Pantoea endophytica isolated from a rabbit in a livestock farm in China. It shows resistance to penicillins and several cephalosporins, and shares the highest amino acid similarity with the function-characterized AmpC enzyme ERH-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_0000012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptothricin" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptothricins are a group of N-glycoside antibiotics that include a carbamoylated D-glucosamine to which are attached a series of L-beta-lysine residues at position 2 and a streptolidine at position 1. Streptothricins vary by the number of beta-lysine residues (from 1 (nourseothricin) to 7) and target protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3000814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexT" ;
rdfs:comment "MexT is a LysR-type transcriptional activator that positively regulates the expression of MexEF-OprN, OprD, and MexS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3002670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cat" ;
rdfs:comment "cat is used to describe many variants of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in a range of organisms including Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alkalihalobacillus clausii, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactococcus lactis, Listeria monocytogenes, Listonella anguillarum Morganella morganii, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus suis and Streptomyces acrimycini." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3000808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexI" ;
rdfs:comment "MexI is the inner membrane transporter of the efflux complex MexGHI-OpmD." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EBR-3" ;
rdfs:comment "EBR-3 is a EBR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004204 .
obo:ARO_3008666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1256" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1256." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnG" ;
rdfs:comment "KpnG consists of ~390 residues and resembles EmrA of E. coli. Disruption of the pump components KpnG-KpnH signficantly decrease resistance to azithromycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, ertapenem, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, ticarcillin, norfloxacin, polymyxin-B, piperacillin, spectinomycin, tobramycin, and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-214" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-214 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-194" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-194." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-95" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-95 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA5" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA5 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Shewanella algae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-235" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-235 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefatrizine" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefatrizine is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefatrizine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall causing cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3004069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MvaT" ;
rdfs:comment "MvaT, a global regulator of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa, has also shown to be able to repress the expression of the MexEF-OprN pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3004494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-55" ;
rdfs:comment "An IMP class B metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme identified from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class A Bacillus anthracis Bla beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases belonging to the Bla genes from Bacillus anthracis that are classified as class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3003038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexXY-OprA" ;
rdfs:comment "MexXY-OprA is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexY is the membrane fusion protein; MexX is the RND-type membrane protein; and OprA is the outer membrane channel. MexXY-OprA is associated with resistance to aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3009051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-232" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-232." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-26" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-26 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3002700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlv" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlv is a chromosome-encoded chloramphenicol phoshotransferase that is found in Streptomyces venezuelae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000249 .
obo:ARO_3000238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanB" ;
rdfs:comment "This inducible cluster confers resistance to vancomycin but organisms remain sensitive to teicoplanin by allowing restructuring of peptidoglycan precursors to end in D-Ala-D-Lac. Sensitivity to teicoplanin is due to lack of binding to the sensor kinase VanS. The vanB gene cluster can be located either on plasmids or on the chromosome. Gene orientation: vanRSYWHBX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3004089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(3'')-IIa is a aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase identified in Acinetobacter spp. via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004275 .
obo:ARO_3009499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIb" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIb is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. coli, A. faecalis and S. marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007385 .
obo:ARO_3008496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1078" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1078." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-195" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-195 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-133" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-133 is a beta-lactamase found in A. radioresistens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fabG1 mutation conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in Mycobacterium tuberculosis fabG1 resulting in or contributing to resistance in ethionamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004888 .
obo:ARO_3000696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dactinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dactinomycin, also known as Actinomycin D, is a cyclic peptide antibiotic that interacts with DNA to inhibit RNA synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000695 .
obo:ARO_3000638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azlocillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Azlocillin is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin that is notably active against Ps. aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3004348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-85" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-4" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-266" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-266 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007712 .
obo:ARO_3003774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus agalactiae mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000863 .
obo:ARO_3001739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-284" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-284 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3002282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-12" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1125" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1125." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(36)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(36) is a tetracycline resistance gene found in Bacteroides similar to Tet(Q), and binds to the ribosome to confer antibiotic resistance as a ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3007468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfanilamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfanilamide is a sulfonamide anti-infective used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3009168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isopyrazam" ;
rdfs:comment "A persisent and broad spectrum fungicide used for the control of Septoria tritici, rusts and other diseases in cereals and some other crops. It is tied to causing cancer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009539 .
obo:ARO_3006272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-78" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-78 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_0000049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kanamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3009061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-242" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase SHV-242." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-10" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3002066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-55" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-55 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-215" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-215 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.38" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-463" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-463 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-83" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-83 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-341" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-341 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-671" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-671 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-286 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3006859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-19" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-19 is a MIR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3008984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-637" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-637." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(O)-lrm" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmO (gene lrm) lincomycin resistance methylase [Streptomyces lividans]." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3005174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiacalixarene derivatives" ;
rdfs:comment "Derivatives of thiacalixarene exhibit antiseptic and antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005386 .
obo:ARO_3002762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB47" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB47 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-6" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase AXC-6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3009180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hexaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "An agricultural fungicide that is a systemic conazole (imidazole) fungicide used for the control of many seed-borne and soil-borne diseases and fungi particularly Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. It has a broad spectrum of action, being systemic with protective and curative action, but is known to disrupt membrane function. It also has a role as a chelator. It is a tertiary alcohol, a member of triazoles and a dichlorobenzene. In FungAMR, it was listed as having effects against Aspergillus fumigatus. It is commonly used in the control of apple, coffee and peanut diseases, but is also used for various other fruits and vegetables. Major consumption is in Asian countries and it is used mainly for the control of rice sheath blight in China, India, Vietnam, and parts of East Asia. It was introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3001116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-61" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-61 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-724" ;
rdfs:comment "An OXA-12-family class D beta-lactamase identified from Aeromonas hydrophila." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3000569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(41)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet41 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in Serratia, a Gram-negative bacterium. It is related to Acinetobacter Tet(39)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mcr-10.1" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-100" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-100." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-13" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-13 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3001106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-49" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-49 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_0000001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rob" ;
rdfs:comment "The robA protein is a positive regulator for the acrAB efflux genes, and is structurally similar to SoxS and MarA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3004749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BCL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BCL-1 is a class A beta-lactamase found in Alkalihalobacillus clausii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004748 .
obo:ARO_3003002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA2" ;
rdfs:comment "CfxA2 beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in Prevotella intermedia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003000 .
obo:ARO_3006359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-190" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-190 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-9" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3009392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant cdc" ;
rdfs:comment "Cdc enzymes involved in DNA replication initiation by forming and maintaining the pre-replicative complex and serving as a loading factor for the Mcm proteins onto chromatin. Its combination with a simultaneous unrelated putative FKS2 mutation results in echinocandin resistance that is more prominent than echinocandin resistance conferred by the FKS2 mutation alone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ppsC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the ppsC that increases resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005002 .
obo:ARO_3008317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-191" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-191." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans USX1 UDP-xylose synthase with mutations conferring resistance to 5-fluorocytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "UXS1 encodes a UDP-xylose synthase that converts UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose for capsule biosynthesis in some fungi. When mutated, UDP-GlcUA accumulates, downregulating the permease Fcy2. Permease Fcy2 is a membrane enzyme that is required for cellular uptake of the antifungal 5-FC. UXS1 is best categorized as a fungal extracellular polysaccharide/capsule biosynthesis enzyme." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009631 .
obo:ARO_3008414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-69" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-69." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida orthopsilosis ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3005015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VMB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Vibrio metallo-B-lactamase 1, also known as VMB-1, is carbapenemase beta-lactamase that is found in plasmid pVB1796 from Vibrio alginolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005014 .
obo:ARO_3002492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-18" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-18 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004231 .
obo:ARO_3008846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-499" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-499." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdsB" ;
rdfs:comment "MdsB is the inner membrane transporter of the multidrug and metal efflux complex MdsABC. mdsB corresponds to 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (gene name: mexQ) and 2 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-991" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-991." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3009452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus MDR3 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for an MFS family of efflux pumps in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3005668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-19" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-19 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(31)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(31) confers a MLSb resistant phenotype. Along with erm(30), these genes are responsible for self-resistance in the pikromycin/narbomycin/methymycin/neomethymycin producer, Streptomyces venezuelae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3002276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-6" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prothionamide resistant katG" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations associated with katG conferring resistance to prothionamide, an analogue of isoniazid. Like isoniazid, prothionamide targets lnhA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004266 .
obo:ARO_3009404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to triflumazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clofazimine" ;
rdfs:comment "Clofazimine is a lipophilic riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis. The exact mechanism of clofazimine is unknown, although it is believed to involve disruption of the bacterial outer membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000003 .
obo:ARO_3005216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-152" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-152 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusC" ;
rdfs:comment "FusC is a fusidic acid resistance gene enabling ribosomal translocase EF-G dissociation from the ribosome that has been detected in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius. Its mechanism is believed to be similar to fusB due to its high level of sequence homology. It is considered a FusB-type protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005086 .
obo:ARO_3002773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB60" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB60 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-154" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-154." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKS1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in FKS1 are associated with modifications of the beta glucan in the fungal cell wall. As such, these mutations typically showcase increased resistance against echinocandin drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3005613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-190" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-190 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-144" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-144." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-460" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-460 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3004236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gimA family macrolide glycosyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "This family of macrolide glycosyltransferases derive from gimA, which was discovered in Streptomyces ambofaciens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000458 .
obo:ARO_3003647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-163" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-163 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-700" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-700 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VanS-VanR two-component regulatory system" ;
rdfs:comment "These genes are involved in activating and regulating transcription of gene clusters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3001610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-243" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-243 is a beta-lactamase found in Achromobacter xylosoxidans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "contezolid" ;
rdfs:comment "Contezolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent newly approved for treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000079 .
obo:ARO_3009466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata Yor1 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Yor1 can cause excessive efflux of azoles when mutated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009465 .
obo:ARO_0000057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "telithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Telithromycin is a semi-synthetic derivative of erythromycin. It is a 14-membered macrolide and is the first ketolide antibiotic to be used in clinics. Telithromycin binds the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3006880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-5 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3001541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-354" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-354 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marinomycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Marinomycin A is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007763 .
obo:DOID_12716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "newborn respiratory distress syndrome" ;
rdfs:comment "A respiratory failure that is characterized by deficiency of the surfactant coating the inner surface of the lungs, by failure of the lungs to expand and contract properly during breathing with resulting collapse, and by the accumulation of a protein-containing film lining the alveoli and their ducts." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:DOID_11162 .
obo:ARO_3000619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant parC" ;
rdfs:comment "ParC is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, which decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow access to genes for transcription or translation. Point mutations in ParC prevent fluoroquinolone antibiotics from inhibiting DNA synthesis, and confer low-level resistance. Higher-level resistance results from both gyrA and parC mutations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000274 , obo:ARO_3000452 .
obo:ARO_3006774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-404" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-404 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamate resistant beta tubulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbamate fungicides target beta tubulin in fungi. Mutations within beta-tubulin genes can confer resistance against carbamates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009318 .
obo:ARO_3004764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CBP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CBP-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in C. botulinum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004763 .
obo:ARO_3005961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-757" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-757 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carO" ;
rdfs:comment "carO is a transmembrane beta-barrel involved in the influx of carbapenem antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii. Disruption of the carO gene by distinct insertion elements results in a loss of carO expression causing resistance to carbapenem antibiotics. Homologs of carO have been identified in genera Acinetobacter, Moraxella and Psychrobacter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004283 .
obo:ARO_3002390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-1-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3003207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosK" ;
rdfs:comment "FosK is a fosfomycin thiol transferase isolated from Acinetobacter soli. It is integrin-mediated. It confers a high level of resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3006935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK-1 is a LHK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:ARO_3000870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triclosan" ;
rdfs:comment "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005386 .
obo:ARO_3003543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsA) mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsA gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to kanamycin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3002434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-204" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-204 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1004" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1004." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3006542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-163" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-163 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance against benomyl" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3004097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus mitis CdsA with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "CdsA is a phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase which plays a role in the production of membrane phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004096 .
obo:ARO_3005685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-36" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-36 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3009542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Tapesia yallundae Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to flusilazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA10" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA10 is a aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3006094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-907" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-907 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "palmitic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Palmitic acid is found to have antibacterial properties." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003956 .
obo:ARO_3003289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant rpoC" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme that is necessary for transcription. The beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase forms the active center of the enzyme and template/transcript binding sites. Mutations in rpoC gene confers antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-88" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-88 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chenodeoxycholic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "A cholic acid derivative of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Tanreqing (TRQ), synergizes with amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, and this synergistic killing was effective against diverse methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) variants. Mechanistically, chenodeoxycholic acid increases the uptake of aminoglycosides in a proton motive force-dependent manner by dissipating the chemical potential and potentiates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting superoxide dismutase activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3002837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuC" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuC is a transposon-mediated nucleotidyltransferase found in Streptococcus agalactiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3007910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-142" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-142." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-69" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-69 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-II" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3009379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans AIF1 mutations conferring resistance against fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Deletion in AIF1 conferring resistance against fluconazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009376 .
obo:ARO_3008151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-262" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-262." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-434" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-434 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-12-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-12." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3007161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiosemicarbazone antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics derived from thiosemicarbazide (possessing the thiosemicarbazone functional group)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3009018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A5" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3000778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeG" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeG is the inner membrane transporter of the AdeFGH multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114a" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114a is a beta-lactamase found in Achromobacter xylosoxidans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3000881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-9" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-9 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-263" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-263 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-16" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-16 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-97" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-97." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-184" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-184 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hp1184" ;
rdfs:comment "hp1184 is a translocase that belongs to the MATE efflux pump family. It is found in H. pylori and is involved in the active efflux of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3004312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter" ;
rdfs:comment "Any strain of an Acinetobacter spp. that has either tested Intermediate or Resistant to at least one antibiotic drug in at least 3 of the 6 following categories: 1) Extended-spectrum cephalosporins, 2) Fluoroquinolone, 3) Aminoglycosides, 4) Carbapenems, 5) Piperacillin group, and 6) Ampicillin/sulbactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3008302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-176" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-176." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit" ;
rdfs:comment "Many drugs target topoisomerases to inhibit DNA synthesis. Resistant DNA topoisomerase subunits prevent antibiotic binding and thus confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Phakospora pachyrhizi Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-37" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-37 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mel" ;
rdfs:comment "Mel, a homolog of MsrA, is an ABC-F subfamily protein associated with macrolide resistance. It is expressed on the same operon as mefA and mefE, both MFS-type efflux proteins that confer macrolide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3005785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-561" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-561 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-182" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-182 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae ramR mutants" ;
rdfs:comment "RamR is a repressor that regulates RamA expression. Mutations lead to the upregulation of AcrAB, which is positively regulated by RamA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000824 .
obo:ARO_3009098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA28" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase CfiA28." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3005398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRD3 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CRD3 beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3001552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-365" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-365 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ix" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ix is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3006561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-181" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-181 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AQU-3" ;
rdfs:comment "AQU-3 is a chromosomally-encoded AQU class C beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002992 .
obo:ARO_3000216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Protein subunit of AcrA-AcrB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrB functions as a herterotrimer which forms the inner membrane component and is primarily responsible for substrate recognition and energy transduction by acting as a drug/proton antiporter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans AFR1 with mutations conferring resistance against itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, AFR directly encodes an ABC pump that allows for a baseline efflux of antifungal drugs, especially azoles. Mutations can result in excessive efflux of these drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009342 .
obo:ARO_3008823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PC1" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaZ family penicillin-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase PC1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004197 .
obo:ARO_3005477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-71" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-71 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CRP-1 is a CRP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005400 .
obo:ARO_3008266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-140" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-140." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-59" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-59 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-45" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-45 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-46-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-46." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3009127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenethicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenethicillin is a penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group. It is a penicillin compound with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3005636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-213" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-213 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-253" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-253 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3009490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51C with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has tested resistant (R) to at least one of the following: amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3008942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-595" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-595." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-460" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-460 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-34" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-34 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.19" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus spp. Hmg1 with mutations conferring resistance to triazoles antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Hmg1 is an HMG-CoA reductase-encoding gene with mutations in the gene causing triazole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3008815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-7" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-6-7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB21" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB21 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-258" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-258." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "The biological synthesis of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3006083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-891" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-891 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-363" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-363 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpK36" ;
rdfs:comment "Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane porin protein. In beta-lactam-resistant Klebsiella, this porin is often deleted, limiting diffusion of the antibiotic into the cell. Klebsiella strains expressing OmpK36 are often beta-lactam sensitive even in the presence of beta-lactamases because of an inefficient mechanism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3007551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. Upc2 with mutations conferring resistance to azole antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Upc2 is a sterol synthesis regulatory element binding protein in Candida spp. Mutations in Upc2 have been shown to confer resistance to azole antibiotics including fluconazole by upregulating ERG11 expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007549 .
obo:ARO_3002784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB72" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB72 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter sp. TR21_24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-301" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-301 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erm(55)" ;
rdfs:comment "erm(55) is a plasmid-borne 23S rRNA methyltransferase identified from Mycobacterium chelonae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3002686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catP" ;
rdfs:comment "catP is a transposon and chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Clostridium perfringens and Neisseria meningitidis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3007154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including cycloserine and its derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_0000034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin A antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptogramin A antibiotics are cyclic polyketide peptide hybrids that bind to the ribosomal peptidyl transfer centre. Structural variation arises from substituting a proline for its desaturated derivative and by its substitution for Ala or Cys. Used alone, streptogramin A antibiotics are bacteriostatic, but is bactericidal when used with streptogramin B antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000026 .
obo:ARO_3005624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-201" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-201 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-615" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-615." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-4" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3004454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Campylobacter coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in Campylobacter coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3000802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OprJ" ;
rdfs:comment "OprJ is the outer membrane channel component of the MexCD-OprJ multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FIM-1 is a metallo-beta-lactamase gene found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from isolates in Italy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004785 .
obo:ARO_3001595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-404" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-404 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1152" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-62 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1152." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3003987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VatI" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptogramin A acetyltransferase found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3008868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-521" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-521." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY gene in vanM cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanYM, is a vanY variant found in the vanM gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000077 .
obo:ARO_3009303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Erg11 with mutations conferring resistance to clotrimazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3004955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0565c mutation conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in a bacterial monooxygenase, Rv0565c, are significantly associated with ethionamide resistance as an activator of ethionamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004954 .
obo:ARO_3008313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-187" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-187." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imiS" ;
rdfs:comment "imiS is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas veronii. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3009553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myclobutanil" ;
rdfs:comment "Myclobutanil is a nitrile, a member of triazoles and a member of monochlorobenzenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3005160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-812" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-812 is a class D beta-lactamase from the OXA-23 family of OXA beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3002316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-6" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-38" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-38 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3009373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible MRPL" ;
rdfs:comment "MRP proteins are Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins encode proteins that can be found exclusively in the ribosomes within mitochondria. In addition to translation, they also play a role in metabolism. In humans, mutations in some of these proteins can result in metabolic disorders. In fungi, mutations in these proteins can confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009362 .
obo:HP_0031292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cutaneous abscess" ;
rdfs:comment "A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in the skin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3002933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanC cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSC, is a vanS variant found in the vanC gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3006682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-311" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-311 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAD beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RAD beta-lactamases are a class D beta-lactamase first identified in Riemerella anatipestifer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3001747 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-292" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-292 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-4" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MUS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 (metallo-) beta-lactamases found in Myroides spp., which confer resistance to carbapenam class beta-lactamase antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3001078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-20" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-20 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to amphotericin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyenes like amphotericin B target ergosterol embedded in the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in Cyp51 can affect either the presence of ergosterol, or the structure of ergosterol thereby altering polyene target, and rendering such compounds ineffective." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009194 .
obo:ARO_3004150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to chloramphenicol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli shown clinically to confer resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004188 .
obo:ARO_3005567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-31" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-31 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3009040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RASA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase RASA-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007877 .
obo:ARO_3004034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetAB(60)" ;
rdfs:comment "tetAB(60) is an ABC transporter that confers resistance to tetracycline and tigercycline identified by screening a human saliva metagenomic library in Escherichia coli. Both tetA(60) and tetB(60) are required for resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3001120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-65" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-65 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-14" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3009087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-35" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-35." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3007929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-166" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-166." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfamethizole" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfamethizole is a short-acting sulfonamide that inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3006333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-160" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-160 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-136" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-136 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRP" ;
rdfs:comment "CRP is a global regulator that represses MdtEF multidrug efflux pump expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3006752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-382" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-382 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acriflavine" ;
rdfs:comment "Acriflavine is a topical antiseptic. It has the form of an orange or brown powder. It may be harmful in the eyes or if inhaled. Acriflavine is also used as treatment for external fungal infections of aquarium fish." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005386 .
obo:ARO_3008891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-544" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-544." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iap" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iap is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase that confers resistance to a number of aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3007903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-121" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-121." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracenomycin X" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracenomycin X is a tetracenomycin antibiotic, a methyl ester and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007034 .
obo:ARO_3009568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene presence detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene has been detected in the query." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3007445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-46" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-46 is an NDM metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3000186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(M)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(M) is a ribosomal protection protein that confers tetracycline resistance. It is found on transposable DNA elements and its horizontal transfer between bacterial species has been documented." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3007964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-92" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-92." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AER-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AER-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas hydrophila." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000089 .
obo:ARO_3006961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN-5" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN-5 is a ORN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005429 .
obo:ARO_3009191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Epoxiconazole was introduced in 1990 as a broad-spectrum fungicide with long-lasting activity. Even though epoxiconazole is produced and commercialized as a racemic compound, not surprisingly, a recent publication indicates that the optically pure (2S,3R) enantiomer of epoxiconazole is much more active against pathogenic fungi than its (2R,3S)-enantiomer, whereas the plant growth regulatory activity mainly rests in the (2R,3S)-enantiomer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3008998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A20" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A20." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3006293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-115" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-115 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1268" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1268." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-56" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-56 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3009072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-253" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-253." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-503" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-503." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrolysis of fosfomycin epoxide ring" ;
rdfs:comment "The use of different nucleophilic molecules by enzymes can break up the epoxide ring of fosfomycin and render the molecule ineffective." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000040 .
obo:ARO_3002751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB36" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB36 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-107" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-107 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1053" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1053." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3009488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51C with mutations conferring resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-539" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-539 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3003457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethionamide resistant ethA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occurs on the ethA genes resulting in the inability to catalyzes the oxidation of ethionamide (ETH) to the corresponding sulfoxide (the active drug)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003456 .
obo:ARO_3008378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-31" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-31." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3008328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-205" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-205." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VHH beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "VHH beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Vibrio harveyi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3009265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs1 with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3005724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-489" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-489 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3004262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant liaF" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the liaF accessory protein that confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GRD33 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GRD33 beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3002452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-19" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-19 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3009516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Magnaporthe grisea Cyp51A with mutations associated with resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL-1 is a beta-lactamase gene found in Staphylococcus Arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004742 .
obo:ARO_3008086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-11" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-11." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3002377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-8" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-8 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3009314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-susceptible beta-1,3-glucan synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-1,3-glucan synthase is utilised by fungi in their cell wall synthesis. Echinocandins are a group of anti-fungal compounds that inhibit this pathway, thereby combating a fungal infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3005127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-14" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-14 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin-resistant alaS" ;
rdfs:comment "An alanyl-tRNA synthetase conferring resistance to novobiocin in Escherichia coli. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-83" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-83 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALI-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ALI-2 is a ALI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005391 .
obo:ARO_3005008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TxR" ;
rdfs:comment "TxR is a putative transcription regulator that plays a role in conferring tetracycline resistance. It is required for proper functioning of Tet35." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3000933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-66" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-66 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-11-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-11-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-68" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-68 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cepA" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase found in Bacteroides fragilis producing either low or high levels of the endogenous cephalosporinase activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004192 .
obo:ARO_3008285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-159" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-159." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtG" ;
rdfs:comment "The MdtG protein, also named YceE, appears to be a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters, and it has been reported, when overexpressed, to increase fosfomycin and deoxycholate resistances. mdtG is a member of the marA-soxS-rob regulon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-206" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-206 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant ATP family enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "ATP1 and ATP2 are involved in ATP generation within the mitochondria. Mutation in these genes have been found to confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-96" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-96 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3000179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(L)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetL is a tetracycline efflux protein found in many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-62-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-62." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3006564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-185" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-185 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sisomicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3008384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-16" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-16." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3005987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-784" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-784 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3001448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-126" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-126 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal CDR2" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal ABC efflux family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3009021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A8" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A8." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3001892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-30" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-30 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. ERG11 with mutations conferring resistance to azole antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "ERG11 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme in Candida spp. Mutations in ERG11 have been shown to confer resistance to azole antibiotics including fluconazole and itraconazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007523 .
obo:ARO_3002125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-114" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-114 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-6" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-533" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-533." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-171" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-171 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-191" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-191 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-119" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-119." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmH" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmH is a plasmid-mediated methyltransferase found in Streptomyces thermotolerans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3005343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-499" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-499 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-143 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3003916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "menaquinone" ;
rdfs:comment "A molecule involved in electron transport in bacterial cell membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000710 .
obo:ARO_3008562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1144" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1144." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3002013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iih" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iih is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Enterococcus hirae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3009665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Resistance Gene Identifier" ;
rdfs:comment "RGI is the bioinformatic tool used to predict antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their associated resistance mechanisms from genomic or metagenomic sequence data by aligning input sequences against the curated reference sequences and detection models in the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3007748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oncocin" ;
rdfs:comment "The small proline-rich antimicrobial peptide, oncocin, selectively targets Gram-negative bacteria through special transporters such as SmbA to enter cytoplasm. It presents low toxicity to mammalian cells, because they cannot effectively penetrate the mammalian cellular membrane or they are internalized through an endocytotic process to minimize interaction with cytosolic ribosomes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3008105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-32" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-32." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3003678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TriABC-OpmH" ;
rdfs:comment "TriABC-OpmH is a triclosan-specific efflux pump expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TriABC is the only P. aeruginosa resistance nodulation cell division (RND) pump which contains two membrane fusion proteins, TriA and TriB, and both are required for efflux pump function. TriABC associated with OpmH assemble a functional triclosan efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3006153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-D-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-D-1 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3003897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tedizolid" ;
rdfs:comment "Tedizolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic that is administered to the patient as a prodrug that is activated in vivo. It acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding the 50S subunit of the ribosome and preventing formation of the 70S initiation complex. It is active against Gram-positive pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000079 .
obo:ARO_3003047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacB" ;
rdfs:comment "qacB is a subunit of the qac multidrug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aac(6')-Ib-cr11" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant identified from Proteus mirabilis. These proteins confer resistance to both fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3001039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-173" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-173 is a beta-lactamase. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-165" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-165 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-229-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-229." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3002803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC6" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC6 is an integron-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-5" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3002300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-30" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-30 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1279" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1279." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tartrolon B" ;
rdfs:comment "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007786 .
obo:ARO_3008533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1115" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1115." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PJM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PJM-1 is a chromosomally-encoded subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase found in P. japonensis confering resistance to a range of antibiotics including ampicillin, cefalotin, and cefoxitin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007373 .
obo:ARO_3004106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TMB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "TMB-2 is a TMB metallo-beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004104 .
obo:ARO_3006260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-65" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-65 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-VIIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in C. jejuni." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007413 .
obo:ARO_3004296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bulgecin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Bulgecin A is a lytic transglycosylase inhibitor and antibiotic potentiator produced from Pseudomonas mesoacidophila. In the presence of some beta-lactam antibiotics, including ampicillin and meropenem, bulgecin A has been shown to restore susceptibility to carbapenems in carbapenem-resistant pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004564 .
obo:ARO_3003885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-79" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-79 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3002070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-99" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-99 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB75" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB75 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtE2" ;
rdfs:comment "A 16S rRNA mathyltransferase gene with a single nucleotide mutation compared to rmtE." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3000716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mycolic acid synthesis enzyme targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycolic acids are produced by mycobacteria. These fatty acids are required for the construction of cell walls. Enzymes that are targeted by antibiotics include synthases, elongases, and dehydrogenases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3000191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(Q)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(Q) is a ribosomal protection protein. Its gene is associated with a conjugative transposon and has been found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3002860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA17" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA17 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1065" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1065." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3009276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cytochrome b protein with mutations conferring resistance to benzothiostrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain fungicides like strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3001852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-32" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-32 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114m" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114m is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3002606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA6" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA6 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3008350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-233" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-233." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-22" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-22." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3003932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic efflux inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds and molecules that inhibit the action of antibiotic efflux proteins, thereby decreasing resistance caused by efflux pumps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007224 .
obo:ARO_3002741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB26" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB26 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Proteus vulgaris." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bacillus subtilis rpsE mutations conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Amino acid substitutions in ribosomal protein S5, rpsE, is associated with resistance to spectinomycin (SpcR)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007526 .
obo:ARO_3000017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA beta-lactamases were long recognized as a less common but also plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase variety that could hydrolyze oxacillin and related anti-staphylococcal penicillins. These beta-lactamases differ from the TEM and SHV enzymes in that they belong to molecular class D and functional group 2d. The OXA-type beta-lactamases confer resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin and are characterized by their high hydrolytic activity against oxacillin and cloxacillin and the fact that they are poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid. Amino acid substitutions in OXA enzymes can also give the ESBL phenotype. The OXA beta-lactamase family was originally created as a phenotypic rather than a genotypic group for a few beta-lactamases that had a specific hydrolysis profile. Therefore, there is as little as 20% sequence homology among some of the members of this family. However, recent additions to this family show some degree of homology to one or more of the existing members of the OXA beta-lactamase family. Some confer resistance predominantly to ceftazidime, but OXA-17 confers greater resistance to cefotaxime and cefepime than it does resistance to ceftazidime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3003125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-432" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-432 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ESP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ESP-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Epilithonimonas tenax conferring resistance to carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004222 .
obo:ARO_3009263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs1 with mutations associated with resistance to ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3006575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-196" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-196 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-142" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-142 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-16" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-16 is a FOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3005257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-226" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-226 is a beta lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PNC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PNC-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007875 .
obo:ARO_3001375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-184" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-184 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-35" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-35." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3009382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium asiaticum myosin-5 with mutations conferring resistance against phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in myosin-5 (also called myosin V) confer resistance against the fungicide phenamicril. Fusarium species produce myotoxins that are pathogenic to mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009384 .
obo:ARO_3000381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target replacement protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Alternate proteins that have the same functions as other antibiotic target proteins, but are structurally different and thus resistant to antibiotics. These can replace the activity of other antibiotic-sensitive proteins in the presence of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3000944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-78" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-78 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RATA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RATA-1 is a class A RATA-family carbapenemase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007800 .
obo:ARO_3006593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-216" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-216 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-108" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-108." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-595" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-595 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3002814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clbA" ;
rdfs:comment "clbA is a plasmid-encoded cfr gene found in Bacillus velezensis (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004607 .
obo:ARO_3004908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant mmaA3" ;
rdfs:comment "Methoxy mycolic acid synthase 3 is involved in the modification of mycolic acids. It represents a major part of the mycobacterial cell wall complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004907 .
obo:ARO_3008673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1263" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1258 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1263." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-300" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-300 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chrysosplenetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Chrysoplenetin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3003008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CeoAB-OpcM" ;
rdfs:comment "CeoAB is an RND efflux system that confers multidrug resistance in Burkholderia cenocepacia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3005790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-566" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-566 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3001152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-103" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-103 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-152" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-152 is a CMT-type, inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carrimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Carrimycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by genetically engineered Streptomyces spiramyceticus and may be active against some Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3008703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1293" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1293." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-51-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The maximum number of blaOXA belonged to the OXA-51-like subfamily. An earlier study had reported that OXA-51-like enzymes were present exclusively in A. baumannii. Similar to most of the other OXA-type carbapenemases, the OXA-51-like enzymes show weak carbapenemase activity; however, the presence of the insertion sequence ISAba1 upstream of the blaOXA-51-like gene may provide a promoter that allows the overproduction of carbapenemase, and this results in carbapenem resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3003681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TriC" ;
rdfs:comment "TriC is a resistance nodulation cell division (RND) transporter that is a part of TriABC-OpmH, a triclosan-specific efflux protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "L-captopril" ;
rdfs:comment "L-captopril is a drug used to treat hypertension that has been shown to chelate certain metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3000895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-25" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-25 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-610" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-610." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-38" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-38 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aspoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Aspoxicillin is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3002196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-5" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-97" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-97 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1126" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1126." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal nucleobase transporters" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal nucleobase transporters facilitate the movement of nucleobases across the fungal cell membrane. The absence confers resistance to antibiotics by preventing antibiotic entry into the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3001733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-277" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-277 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3006964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PAU-1 is a PAU beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005431 .
obo:ARO_3000746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mepR" ;
rdfs:comment "MepR is an upstream repressor of MepA in Staphylococcus aureus. It is part of the mepRAB operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3007562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1039" ;
rdfs:comment "The blaOXA-48-like enzyme demonstrated significant hydrolysis activity against meropenem, and the classical beta-lactamase inhibitor had no significant inhibitory effect. This is a novel OXA carbapenemases in S. xiamenensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3007802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RATA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "RATA-2 is a class A RATA-family carbapenemase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007800 .
obo:ARO_3005116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr6" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant identified from Escherichia coli. These proteins confer resistance to both fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3003927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftolozane" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftolozane is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed for the treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009109 .
obo:ARO_3009202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The P450 enzyme system, which may be alternatively named the Cyp51 enzyme system in some fungi, is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to the P450/Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin B3" ;
rdfs:comment "Polymyxin B3 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with an octanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_3000454 .
obo:ARO_3001418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-23" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3008826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-479" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-479." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GMA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GMA family class A beta-lactamase GMA-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007868 .
obo:ARO_3000202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cfr-like 23S rRNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Cfr genes produce enzymes which catalyze the methylation of the 23S rRNA subunit at position 8 of adenine-2503. Methylation of 23S rRNA at this site confers resistance to some classes of antibiotics, including streptogramins, chloramphenicols, florfenicols, linezolids and clindamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009650 .
obo:ARO_3002128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-117" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-117 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1257" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1257." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3002271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3002675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catB2" ;
rdfs:comment "catB2 is a plasmid-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Pasteurella multocida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_0000073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "meropenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Meropenem is an ultra-broad spectrum injectable antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. It is a beta-lactam and belongs to the subgroup of carbapenem, similar to imipenem and ertapenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3004169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3002181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-16" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-16 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3007521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flumequine" ;
rdfs:comment "Flumequine is a first generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used primarily for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic species. It has been removed from clinical use and is no longer being marketed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3001526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-338" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-338 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-610" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-610 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-8" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-8 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3007962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-90" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-90." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gatifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3000832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "evgA" ;
rdfs:comment "EvgA, when phosphorylated, is a positive regulator for efflux protein complexes emrKY and mdtEF. While usually phosphorylated in a EvgS dependent manner, it can be phosphorylated in the absence of EvgS when overexpressed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3007393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000341 .
obo:ARO_3008024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-314" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-314." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-19" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IND-19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3004444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSA1-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RSA1-1 is a class A beta-lactamase resistance enzyme identified from a functional metagenomic study of contaminated river sediments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004443 .
obo:ARO_3007844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-135" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-135 is a KPC-type class A beta-lactamase. KPC-125 is a variant of KPC-44, differing by a 6 basepair deletion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-980" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-980." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3006749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-379" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-379 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "difenoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Difenoconazole is a broad spectrum fungicide with efficacy against some members of the Aschomycetes, Basidomycetes and Deuteromycetes families. It acts as a seed treatment, foliar spray and systemic fungicide. It is taken up through the surface of the infected plant and is translocated to all parts of the plant. It has a curative effect and a preventative effect. The mode of action of difenoconazole is that it is a sterol demethylation inhibitor which prevents the development of the fungus by inhibiting cell membrane ergosterol biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3008081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BMHC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase BMHC-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007866 .
obo:ARO_3002922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanC cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRC, is a vanR variant found in the vanC gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3008108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-7" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3003562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaF" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase found in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004233 .
obo:ARO_3006384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-215" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-215 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marbofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Marbofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine predominately for dogs and cats." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3002236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-45" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-45 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus gyrB conferring resistance to aminocoumarin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Staphylococcus aureus resulting in aminocoumarin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000479 .
obo:ARO_3000132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clorobiocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Clorobiocin is an aminocoumarin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces roseochromogenes, and binds DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3002501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-4" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-4 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-12" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-12 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3004409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trek" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific vendor of automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility that was acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Thermo Fisher Scienfiic Inc. is headquartered in Massachusetts, USA. Trek is the developer of the Sensitire automated testing platform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004404 .
obo:ARO_3005809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-588" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-588 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-510" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class C beta-lactamase PDC-510." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-110" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-110." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oleB" ;
rdfs:comment "oleB is an ABC-F subfamily protein in Streptomyces antibioticus and is involved in oleandomycin secretion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3003405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 5' domain of helix 18, in the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3007625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin H" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3006512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-135" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-135 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis ndh gene that results in increased resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003460 .
obo:ARO_3002733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB18" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB18 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanW gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanWB, is a vanW variant found in the vanB gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000002 .
obo:ARO_3002046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-35" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-35 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ethambutol resistant iniC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occurs on the iniC genes resulting in the resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003449 .
obo:ARO_3001460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-155" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-155 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3005605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-182" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-182 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MSI-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MSI-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Massilia oculi conferring resistance to carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004223 .
obo:ARO_3008540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1122" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1122." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-13" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "30S ribosomal subunit P-site" ;
rdfs:comment "The P-site of the ribosome binds the peptidyl-tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain. Antibiotics that target the P-site block fMet-tRNA from entering, thus inhibiting peptide elongation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000728 .
obo:ARO_3006096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-909" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-909 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-2-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3008608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1193" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1193." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3003989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-34" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-34 is an aminoglycoside 6'-phosphotransferase found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3006135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-14" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-14 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3006026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-829" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-829 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-174" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-174 is a beta-lactamase. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB27" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB27 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-3" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-3 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute list of LEN beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-78" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-78 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3004321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Klebsiella oxytoca or Klebsiella pneumoniae that has tested resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, and/or cefotaxime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3004174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chlamydia trachomatis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Chlamydia trachomatis shown to confer resistance to macrolide type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3004440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CLSI antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "Qualitative description of a microbial response to antimicrobial agents as described by CLSI using breakpoints that take into consideration tissue specificity of infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004299 .
obo:ARO_3002782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB70" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB70 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3003949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "efrB" ;
rdfs:comment "efrB is a part of the EfrAB efflux pump, and both efrA and efrB are necessary to confer multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-4" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-4 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-529" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-529 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oqxAB" ;
rdfs:comment "oqxAB encodes for OqxAB, a plasmid-encoded efflux pump, which confer resistance to multiple agents including fluoroquinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3000637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ampicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3001633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-79" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-79 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acetylphosphonate" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphonoacetate is an experimental inhibitor of the fosfomycin thiol transferase fosA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007290 .
obo:ARO_3008684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1274" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1274." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecC" ;
rdfs:comment "mecC encodes an alternative PBP2a protein involved in bacterial cell wall formation. These proteins are acquired by lateral gene transfer and commonly associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These proteins have lower affinity for penicillin-like antibiotics and therefore are able to perform peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009312 .
obo:ARO_3003588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "charge alteration conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "The loss or reduction of the net negative charge within the cell wall of gram negative bacteria is a mechanism of resistance for cationic antimicrobials that depend on the negative charge for binding to the surface." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001001 .
obo:ARO_3004293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BUT beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C beta-lactamase family of chromosome-encoded antibiotic resistance genes originally described from Buttiauxella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3000232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "Nucleotidylylation of streptomycin at the hydroxyl group at position 3''." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007407 .
obo:ARO_3007774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dragmacidin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Spongosorites has yielded a bis-indole alkaloid which we have named dragmacidin G. Dragmacidin G is the first in this series of compounds to have a pyrazine ring linking the two indole rings. It also has a rare N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-guanidine side chain. Dragmacidin G shows a broad spectrum of biological activity including inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007773 .
obo:ARO_3005662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-239" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-239 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-104" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-104." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "declovanillobiocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic similar to clorobiocin, but with vanillic acid as the acyl component instead of crenelated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Declovanillobiocin lacks the chlorine atom at the aminocoumarin ring compared to vanillobiocin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3000829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "baeS" ;
rdfs:comment "BaeS is a sensor kinase in the BaeSR regulatory system. While it phosphorylates BaeR to increase its activity, BaeS is not necessary for overexpressed BaeR to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3002307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-37" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-37 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3002250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-12" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-12 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3008206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-8" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HER-8." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3004226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B3 LRA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases that are part of the LRA gene family and are classified as B3 (metallo-) beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-145" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-145 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida dubliniensis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3004188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to phenicol antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit shown clinically to confer resistance to phenicol class antibiotics, including chloramphenicol and florfenicol, by disrupting antibiotic binding-site affinity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3002609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA9" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA9 is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in C. glutamicum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3006434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-54" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-54 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible cdc enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Some Cdc enzymes are involved in DNA replication initiation by forming and maintaining the pre-replicative complex and serving as a loading factor for the Mcm proteins onto chromatin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009360 .
obo:ARO_3001312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "elfamycin resistant EF-Tu" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003356 .
obo:ARO_3008318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-192" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-192." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-879" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-879 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal aneuploidy" ;
rdfs:comment "Aneuploid states of fungal genomes can cause an increased presence of antifungal resistance conferring genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3001001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-137" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-137 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Shigella sonnei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-244" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-244 is a TEM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1147" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1147." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3006039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-845" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-845 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3003079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium liaS mutant conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "liaS is a histidine kinase found in the liaFSR signal transduction pathway. Mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003279 , obo:ARO_3004264 .
obo:ARO_3005781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-557" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-557 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-109" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-109 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris ADE17 with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "ADE17 encodes essential proteins involved in purine biosynthesis. Mutations to this gene within fungi can be associated with multidrug antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009561 .
obo:ARO_3001091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-33" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-33 is an broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-274" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-274 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007713 .
obo:ARO_3007029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salE" ;
rdfs:comment "salE is a ABC-F subfamily protein gene that confers resistance to lincosamides and class A streptogramins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007030 .
obo:ARO_3005325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-573" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-573 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-60 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_3002075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-62" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-62 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-159" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-159 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3002812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pp-flo" ;
rdfs:comment "pp-flo is a plasmid chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003963 .
obo:ARO_3002056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-45" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-45 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triflumizole" ;
rdfs:comment "This compound inhibits sterol 14alpha-demethylase and is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops. It is a member of the following groups: monochlorobenzenes, imidazoles, (trifluoromethyl)benzenes, carboxamidine, ether and conazoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3001472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-178" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-178 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanL cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSL, is a vanS variant found in the vanL gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3007163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "albendazole-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including albendazole and similar antiparasitic compounds that exhibit antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3008733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-956" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-956." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3005701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-31" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-31 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-Va" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-Va is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Streptomyces fradiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007411 .
obo:ARO_3001080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-22" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-22 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic A40926" ;
rdfs:comment "A40926 is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727. It is precusor of the second-generation glycopeptide antibiotic dalbavancin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3000911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-42" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-42 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-687" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-687 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rosB" ;
rdfs:comment "rosB is part of an efflux pump/potassium antiporter system (RosAB) in Yersinia that confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides such as polymyxin B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyrenopeziza brassicae Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to flusilazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-699" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-699 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-157" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-157." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlA1" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA1 is a plasmid or transposon-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-5" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3009654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MrmA" ;
rdfs:comment "MrmA is a RlmN-like 23S rRNA adenine(2503)-methyltransferase identified from Clostridioides difficile and associated with increased resistance to erythromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000202 .
obo:ARO_3007684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transmembrane protein conferring colistin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in mgrB transmembrane proteins can confer resistance to the antibiotic colistin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 .
obo:ARO_3007295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nacubactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Nacubactam is a diazabicyclooctane that inhibits a variety of class A and C beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3007611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sarafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sarafloxacin is used for treatment and control of bacterial infections in poultry caused by Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. It was removed from the market by manufacturers in 2001." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3000672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "madumycin II" ;
rdfs:comment "Madumycin II is a streptogramin A antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000034 .
obo:ARO_3008275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-149" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-149." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-609" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-609." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CSP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CSP beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Capnocytophaga sputigena." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefcapene" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefcapene is a third-generation cephalosporin in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics used to manage and treat gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3008910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-563" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-563." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-29" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-29 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:NCIT_85540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "microbial susceptibility test" ;
rdfs:comment "A method to determine whether microbial growth is affected by an antimicrobial compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3009154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "napthoquinone antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Naphthoquinones constitute a class of organic compounds structurally related to naphthalene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005167 .
obo:ARO_3006619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-241" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-241 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant CdsA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the CdsA phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase conferring resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "myrA" ;
rdfs:comment "myrA is a methyltransferase found in Micromonospora griseorubida and confers resistance to mycinamicin and tylosin. Specifically, this enzyme adds a methyl group to guanosine 748 (E. coli numbering) of 23S ribosomal RNA. MyrA is found in the mycinamicin biosynthetic cluster and is one mechanism by which M. griseorubida protects itself from self-destruction when producing this macrolide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 , obo:ARO_3001298 .
obo:ARO_3007494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(64)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline efflux MFS Transporter from Burkholderia ubonensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-LAT-MOX beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A grouping of the related CMY, LAT, and MOX beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3008695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1285" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1285." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1158" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1158." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin H" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin H is produced by Streptomyces albospinus strain Acta 3619. Phenelfamycin G and H are isomeric and similar to phenelfamycin E and F only with the addition of a hydroxyl group at position C-30. Phenelfamycin G and H have a narrow antibacterial spectrum with potent activity against Cutibacterium acnes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3005684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-35" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-35 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3007062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VAM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "VAM-1 is a subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase, conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as carbapenems and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007065 .
obo:ARO_3000528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlortetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Chlortetracycline was an early, first-generation tetracycline antibiotic developed in the 1940's. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, preventing the aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3003288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occurs in Escherichia coli rpoB resulting in resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3001830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-7" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-7 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr9" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant, identified from Serratia. These variants confers resistance to both aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3004281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "General Bacterial Porin with reduced permeability to beta-lactams" ;
rdfs:comment "These are GBPs that are associated with decreased susceptibility to beta-lactams either through mutations in the porin protein, absence of the porin protein, or expression of the porin protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004277 .
obo:ARO_3005354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfr22" ;
rdfs:comment "Dfr22 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim. Originally detected by Grape et al., (2005) and isolated from Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1137" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1137." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Daptomycin-resistant MRSA" ;
rdfs:comment "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has additionally tested non-susceptible (NS, resistant or intermediate) to daptomycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004306 .
obo:ARO_3000886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-15" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-15 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in Haemophilus parainfluenzae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-408" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-408 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpK35" ;
rdfs:comment "Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane porin protein. In beta-lactam-resistant Klebsiella, this porin is often deleted, limiting diffusion of the antibiotic into the cell. Klebsiella strains expressing OmpK35 are often beta-lactam sensitive even in the presence of beta-lactamases because of an inefficient mechanism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3003476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive tlyA" ;
rdfs:comment "It Catalyzes the 2'-O-methylation at nucleotides C1409 in 16S rRNA and C1920 in 23S rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3003870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-31" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-31 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3006037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-843" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-843 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plantacirin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Plantacirin A is a short cationic bacteriocin that increases permeability of the bacterial outer membrane, thus enhancing the effect of accompanying antibiotics. It is derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3004905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mymA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur within the coding region of mymA that prevent effective antibiotic function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin F2a" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3008447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1026" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1026." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-62" ;
rdfs:comment "A class ADC beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3008115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-178" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-178." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-81" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-81 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Anidulafungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It exhibits strong antifungal action against a variety of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., including those that are resistant to amphotericin B and triazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007496 .
obo:ARO_3001847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-27" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-27 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster vanP" ;
rdfs:comment "This cluster confers resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin by allowing restructuring of peptidoglycan precursors to end in D-Ala-D-Lac. Resistance is acquired after multiple treatments with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin. Gene orientation: vanHPXRS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3006793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-423" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-423 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Target protecting FusB-type protein conferring resistance to Fusidic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Fusidic acid resistance determinants through the mediation of target protection. These protein drive the dissociation of EF-G from the ribosome thus counteracting the action of Fusidic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000185 .
obo:ARO_0000037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Apramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections in animals. Apramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3007654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erm(56)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(56) is an Erm ribosomal RNA methyltransferase. Expression of the cloned erm(56) confers resistance to MLSB in T. pyogenes and Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3009480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the strobilurin class of antifungal pesticides which target mitochondrial cellular respiration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009472 .
obo:ARO_3005365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-33" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase kpc-33 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_101140102.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NWM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "NWM is a subclass B3 metallo beta-lactamase with enzymatic activity against carbapenems, first identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-136" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-136 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tylvalosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tylvalosin is indicated for the control of porcine proliferative enteropathy associated with Lawsonia intracellularis infection in groups of swine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3003636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-479" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-479 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3006374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-205" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-205 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-7" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-7 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3005182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-156" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-156 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edeine D" ;
rdfs:comment "Edeine D is a subtype of edeine similar to edeine A with the beta-tyr replaced by beta-phe-beta-ala. Edeines bind to the 30S subunit to block fMet-tRNA interaction at the P site, inhibiting protein synthesis and subsequent structure/function processes critical for life or replication." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000119 , obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3004073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MuxA" ;
rdfs:comment "MuxA is a membrane fusion protein component of the efflux pump system MuxABC-OpmB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-122" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-122 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-186" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-186 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-94" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-94 is an IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-675" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-675 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3005449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SPS beta-lactamases are class B1 beta lactamases found in Sediminispirochaeta smaragdinae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3002825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmY" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmY is a plasmid-mediated methyltransferase found in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3000594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmR" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmR is a methyltransferase found in the erythromycin producer Aeromicrobium erythreum. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. The gene is found within the erythromycin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3004584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(50)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3001503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-258" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-258 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridium butyricum catB" ;
rdfs:comment "catB is a chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Clostridium butyricum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3000507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin-resistant RNA polymerase-binding protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Proteins which have been experimentally shown to protect RNA-polymerase from rifampin inhibition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000185 .
obo:ARO_3005838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-617" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-617 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanD cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanHD, is a vanH variant in the vanD gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3002581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib10" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib10 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3000444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rphA" ;
rdfs:comment "The enzymatic inactivation of rifampin by phosphorylation at the 21-OH position." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004040 .
obo:ARO_3008630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1220" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1220." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-22" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-633" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-633." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanZ gene in vanA cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanZA, is a vanZ variant found in the vanA gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000116 .
obo:ARO_3008566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1148" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1148." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kaempferol" ;
rdfs:comment "Kaempferol is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3005814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-593" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-593 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3002883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rgt1438" ;
rdfs:comment "rgt1438 is a glycosyltransferase that confers rifampin resistance in Streptomyces." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000443 .
obo:ARO_3008388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-20" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-20." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3001185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-145" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-145 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Plasmid-encoded cat (pp-cat)" ;
rdfs:comment "Plasmid-encoded cat, or pp-cat, is a plasmid-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3005063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cprR" ;
rdfs:comment "cprR is one part of a two-component regulatory system. It with its counterpart cprS induce the Arn operon to confer resistance to peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3003385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella aerogenes Omp36" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant forms of the porin Omp36 result in reduced permeability to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3008130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-196" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-196." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-9" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-9 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3008018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-308" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-308." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-56" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-56 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-73" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-73." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-177" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-177." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA11" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA11 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3004290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli ampC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C ampC beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) enzyme described in Escherichia coli shown clinically to confer resistance to penicillin-like and cephalosporin-class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004232 .
obo:ARO_3004016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "loracarbef" ;
rdfs:comment "Loracarbef is a second-generation cephalosporin (carbacephem) and broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. Loracarbef inhibits PBPs through binding, disrupting peptidoglycan cell wall cross-linkage and resulting in cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3001561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-375" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-375 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-160" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-160." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-191" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-191." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penicillin-binding protein with mutation conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in PBP transpeptidases that change the affinity for penicillin thereby conferring resistance to penicillin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3003040 .
obo:ARO_3007249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.14" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT-6" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT-6 is a LUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005421 .
obo:ARO_3001258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "L-681,217" ;
rdfs:comment "L-681217 is a kirromycin-like antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cattleya. Its biosynthetic gene cluster is characterized." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3007643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus spp. transcription factor pacC" ;
rdfs:comment "PacC is a pH-responsive transcription factor. It regulates the expression of antibiotic susceptible genes whose absence confers resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007564 .
obo:ARO_3002875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrE" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrE is a chromosome-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Enterococcus faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3009465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal Yor" ;
rdfs:comment "Yor is a family of ABC transporters that, when mutated, can confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3008222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-90" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-90." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SPU-1 is a SPU beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005450 .
obo:ARO_3007920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-155" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-155." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-IIa is a transposon-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007408 .
obo:ARO_3000020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3001264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "heneicomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Heneicomycin is a kirromycin-like antibiotic, isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis. It is structurally related to kirromycin, aurodox and efrotomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3002793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS4" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS4 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-109" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-109 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-143" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-143 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_0000031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistance gene variant or mutant" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance to antibiotics is often conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other mutations in target genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3006243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-48" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-48 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IDC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "IDC beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases inc. cephalosporinases and carbapenemases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3001489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-217" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-217 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-103" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-103 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-6" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA-6 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3002919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanA cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRA, is a vanR variant found in the vanA gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3008140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-251" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-251." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3007289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.32" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-17" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-17 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA mutations conferring resistance to ofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA resulting in resistance to ofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3005224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-220" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-9" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-191" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-191 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-10" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3001858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-1" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3006124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-945" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-945 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3003436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' domain of 16S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to kanamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CIA-2 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004767 .
obo:ARO_3005198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-157" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-96 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter sp. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-120" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-120 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1093" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1093." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-14" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-14 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001312 .
obo:ARO_3008429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1008" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1008." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftezole" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftezole is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Ceftezole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall causing cell lysis. It is a cephalosporin and a thiadiazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3007362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "citral" ;
rdfs:comment "Citral is a monoterpene aldehyde derived from a variety of plant oils that is able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation and quorum sensing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3006507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-130" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-130 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-115" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-115 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is central to several fungal metabolisms, inclusive of sterol biosynthesis. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides target the SDH complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, blocking respiration and ATP production. Although SDHIs do not directly target P450 enzymes, mutations or altered expression in certain fungal P450s can affect drug detoxification and cellular metabolism, thereby contributing to conferred resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3008377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-30" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3007756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ophiobolin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Ophiobolin A is a sesterterpene which was initially isolated as fungal phytotoxins and subsequently shown to possess other biological activities, including anticancer activities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005172 .
obo:ARO_3000724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin sensitive pyruvyl transferase (murA)" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyruvyl transferase is responsible for the conversion of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to N-acetylmuramic acid (NAMA). NAMA is a part of the macromolecular backbone of peptidoglycans. Pyruvyl transferase is found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3000959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-92" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-92 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfrC" ;
rdfs:comment "A cfr-like 23S rRNA methyltransferase shown to confer resistance to linezolid and phenicol antibiotics, including florfenicol and chloramphenicol, in Clostridium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004610 .
obo:ARO_3008085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-10" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3009487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51C with mutations conferring resistance to bromuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA conferring resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005103 .
obo:ARO_3002103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-90" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-90 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive DNA topoisomerase subunit parE" ;
rdfs:comment "ParE is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, which decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow access to genes for transcription or translation. Targeting topoisomerase IV inhibits DNA synthesis, and may also lead to double-stranded cell breaks." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000766 .
obo:ARO_3005217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-151" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-151 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SatA" ;
rdfs:comment "SatA is part of the Streptothricin acetyltransferase gene family. It confers resistance to nucleoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000869 .
obo:ARO_3004957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis clpC1 with mutation conferring resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in clpC1 that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004878 .
obo:ARO_3000605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(36)" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3003100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA4" ;
rdfs:comment "CphA4 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas allosaccharophila. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3004846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-43" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3001907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-45" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-45 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-8" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-8 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3006703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-333" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-333 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanI cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXI, is a vanX variant found in the vanI glycopeptide resistance gene cluster. It is a D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3007480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TBI-223" ;
rdfs:comment "TBI-223 is a novel oxazolidinone with potentially reduced myelosuppression, compared to linezolid. TBI-223 may be considered an additional treatment against MRSA infections and potentially other Gram-positive bacteria in humans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000079 .
obo:ARO_3002570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iz" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iz is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3005869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-654" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-654 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-65" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-65 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifamycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3002464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-16" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3001524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-336" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-336 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-32" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase DHA-32." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3005765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-536" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-536 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_2000008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "targeted_by_antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject is targeted by a specific antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3007399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(6)-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 6-O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes which inactivate streptomycin by catalyzing the transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000225 .
obo:ARO_3006912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA2" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA2 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3005314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-540" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-540 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3008341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-223" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-223." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-128" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-128 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtP" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug resistance efflux pump. Could be involved in resistance to puromycin, acriflavine and tetraphenylarsonium chloride." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "grepafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial quinoline. It is no longer taken due to its high toxicity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3009034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PNC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PNC-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007875 .
obo:ARO_3003068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeRS" ;
rdfs:comment "smeRS is a two component regulatory system for smeABC where smeR is a response regulator, while smeS is a sensor kinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3004965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptomycin resistant whib7" ;
rdfs:comment "A protein involved in transcriptional mechanisms. Mutations in the gene can cause resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004964 .
obo:ARO_3004387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "in-vivo microbial susceptibility test" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental test conducted inside of a living organism, none of which currently exist for antimicrobial resistance testing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:NCIT_85540 .
obo:ARO_3009194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyene-resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes which include mutations associated with resistance to polyene antibiotics, including amphotericin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3007651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carmoisine" ;
rdfs:comment "Carmoisine is widely used as a food coloring agent. Carmoisine-mediated reduction of biofilm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is due to its interaction with LasR and interference with the QS system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3001800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-226" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-226 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3003107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(B)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(B) is a macrolide efflux gene located in the vicinity of sul3 in Escherichia coli. There is also a mefB found in Streptococcus agalactiae that confers resistance to macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:ARO_3009415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Erg11 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatD" ;
rdfs:comment "vatD is a transposon-mediated acetyltransferase found in Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3007118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "crxA" ;
rdfs:comment "crxA is a subclass B1 metallo-betal-lactamase from Bacteroides xylanisolvens that hydrolyzes carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007117 .
obo:ARO_3003978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 16S rRNA (rrnS) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in C. reinhardtii rrnS conferring resistance to streptomycin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3008709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1299" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1299." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.5" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin (colistin) resistance gene variant identified from an extensively-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-582" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-582 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-783" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-783 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3008481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1063" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1063." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3009643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-92" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-92 is a subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase identified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shown to confer resistance to carbapenem antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-805" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-805 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanL cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRL, is a vanR variant found in the vanL gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3001030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-164" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-164 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-95" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-95 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-4" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-4 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3008839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-492" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-492." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Tazobactam is a compound which inhibits the action of bacterial beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007130 .
obo:ARO_3000695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "actinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Actinomycins are peptide antibiotics that interact with DNA. This prevents RNA synthesis, thus preventing the production of proteins vital to the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3008008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-292" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-292." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trispicen" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental polypyridine ligand used as a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007133 .
obo:ARO_3002222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-31" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-31 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1103" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1103." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3007607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin N" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3004491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diarylquinoline antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of antibiotics used to treat specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; therefore, referred to as an antimycobacterial. Diarylquinoline antibiotics inhibit ATP synthesis in tuberculosis cells by disruption of mycobacterial ATP synthase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3001055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-195" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-195 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EVM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "EVM-1 is a EVM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005411 .
obo:ARO_3005546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-32" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-32 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-31" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-31." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3005131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-29" ;
rdfs:comment "An NDM metallo-beta-lactamase variant reported in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3004919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis eccC5 conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "eccC5 is a membrane-bound ATPase within the ESX-5 secretion system complex. The complex is critical for mycobacterium viability and virulence in the host cell and mutations contribute to a decreased uptake of antibiotic in the outer membrane, yet the Relational Sequencing Tuberculosis Data platform (ReSeqTB, https://platform.reseqtb.org) finds no evidence of an association between eccC5 mutations and drug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004920 .
obo:ARO_3003429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive beta-prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC)" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme that is necessary for transcription. The beta-prime subunit of RNA polymerase forms the active center of the enzyme and template/transcript binding sites. This enzyme can be inactivated by antibiotics leading to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3004141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AxyXY-OprZ" ;
rdfs:comment "An RND-type efflux system that confers innate aminoglycoside resistance to Achromobacter spp. It has a transcriptional regulator encoded by the axyZ gene located upstream of axyXY-oprZ. In-frame axyZ gene deletion assay led to increased MICs of antibiotic substrates of the efflux system: aminoglycosides, cefepime, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and erythromycin, indicating that the product of axyZ negatively regulates expression of axyXY-oprZ. Moreover a 45 amino-acid substitution at position 29 of AxyZ (V29G) was identified in a clinical Achromobacter strain that occurred during the course of chronic respiratory tract colonization in a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient. This substitution, also detected in 3 other strains exposed in vitro to tobramycin, led to the increase in axyY transcription level (5 to 17-fold) together with the increase in antibiotic resistance level." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3002262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-6" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3004868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-25" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PRC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PRC beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3009524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei Cyp51 with mutations associated with resistance to propiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-397" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-397 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3007486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "wychimicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Wychimicins are spirotetronates with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005171 .
obo:ARO_3003502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' major domain of the 16S rRNA gene of Borreliella burgdorferi can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlA8" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA8 is a plasmid that confers resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-1-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIA-4" ;
rdfs:comment "CIA-4 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004767 .
obo:ARO_3006277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-83" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-83 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "brodimoprim" ;
rdfs:comment "Brodimoprim is a structural derivative of trimethoprim and an inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. The 4-methoxy group of trimethoprim is replaced with a bromine atom." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000171 .
obo:ARO_3000767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "avoparcin" ;
rdfs:comment "Avoparcin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is an analog of vancomycin. It was formally used to treat animals, but has since been banned because of its selection for vancomycin-resistant enterococci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3005268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-237" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-237 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIC unit" ;
rdfs:comment "Unit for measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004439 .
obo:ARO_3006956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OHIO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OHIO-1 is a OHIO beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005428 .
obo:ARO_3000702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acrR" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrR is a repressor of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrR mutations result in high level antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3000875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-3 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgaD" ;
rdfs:comment "vgaD is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in Enterococcus faecium that confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics and related compounds. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3001345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-144" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-144 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1032" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1032." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-245" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-245." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pristinamycin IA" ;
rdfs:comment "Pristinamycin IA is a type B streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. It binds to the P site of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing the extension of protein chains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3005112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr3" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant identified from Aeromonas. These proteins confer resistance to both fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3006221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-26" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-26 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3000553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeR" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeR is a positive regulator of AdeABC efflux system. AdeR inactivation leads to susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3003639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-482" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-482 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3007916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-150" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-150." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-130" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-130 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PAC beta-lactamase is an inhibitior-resistant cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3007075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cph" ;
rdfs:comment "cph is a phosphotransferase that confers resistance to capreomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007074 .
obo:ARO_3008363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-68" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-68." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans ERG11 with mutations conferring resistance to ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aspergillomarasmine A" ;
rdfs:comment "Aspergillomarasmine A, a fungal natural product, has been shown to inhibit the NDM-1 and VIM-2 enzymes, restoring of the activity of meropenem against carbapenem-resistant pathogens possessing either NDM-1 or VIM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3004802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-10" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-10 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium meningosepticum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3009505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-12" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-12 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute (Genopole) list of OXY beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-2" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-2 is an integron-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3000977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-114" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-114 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-129" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-129 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007723 .
obo:ARO_3001604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-413" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-413 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bicarbonate" ;
rdfs:comment "Bicarbonate is an ion capable of increasing bacterial membrane permeability by altering the proton motive force. This enhances the entry of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3001461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-156" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-156 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3002872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA3" ;
rdfs:comment "An enzyme that confers resistance to fosfomycin in Escherichia coli by breaking the epoxide ring of the molecule. It depends on the cofactors Manganese (II) and Potassium and uses Glutathione (GSH) as the nucleophilic molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3007598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin K" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3007344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chrysoeriol" ;
rdfs:comment "Chrysoeriol is a derivative of the flavone luteolin. It has been shown to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3005528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-15" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-15 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3000626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin B2" ;
rdfs:comment "Polymyxin B2 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a 6-methylheptanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_3000454 .
obo:ARO_3003121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-430" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-430 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-165" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-165 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB16" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB16 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-619" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-619." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell membrane component enzymes targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Interaction with the cell membrane phospholipids interferes with membrane permeability and integrity, leading to the leakage of cell contents. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is particularly sensitive." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3003956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibacterial free fatty acids" ;
rdfs:comment "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Helicobacter pylori conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3001711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-212" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-212 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3000648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftibuten" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftibuten is a semisynthetic cephalosporin active against Gram-negative bacilli. It is resistant against many plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3005771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-547" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-547 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-24" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3006883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ECV-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ECV-1 is a ECV beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005408 .
obo:ARO_3008364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-69" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-69." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sul4" ;
rdfs:comment "sul4 is a dihydropteroate synthase gene and mobile sulfonamide resistance gene shown to confer resistance when expressed in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004238 .
obo:ARO_3005612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-189" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-189 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-115" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-115 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-229" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-229 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-77" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-77 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii squalene epoxidase enzyme with mutations associated with resistance to terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "Squalene epoxidase is a vital enzyme in the fungal system that matures sterols into ergosterol. Mutations to this enzyme can result in antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009268 .
obo:ARO_3004247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic-resistant GlpT" ;
rdfs:comment "Fosfomycin is transported bacterial cells through transporters, one of them being glycerol-3-phosphate, which is encoded by the GlpT gene. Mutations in the GlpT gene can confer resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-138" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-138 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-39" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-39 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_128268237.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carumonam" ;
rdfs:comment "Carumonam is a monobactam antibiotic. It has activity towards Gram-negative bacteria with negligible activity towards Gram-postitive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000004 .
obo:ARO_3006411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-241" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-241 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KHM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase KHM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004207 .
obo:ARO_3002312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-7" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-7 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter asburiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3002655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(4)-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(4)-Ia is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007418 .
obo:ARO_3001028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-162" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-162 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter haemolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleic acid targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Nucleic acids can also be targeted by antibiotics. These drugs are usually converted to an active form by enzymes unique to bacteria to prevent toxicity to the host." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3004519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIC sign" ;
rdfs:comment "MIC sign (>, <, =) of the MIC value." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004439 .
obo:ARO_3004939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine resistant ddlA" ;
rdfs:comment "ddlA catalyzes the ATP-driven ligation of two D-alanine molecules to form the D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptide, key in forming the cell wall. Cycloserine has a similar structure to d-alanine and inhibits the growth of the cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004938 .
obo:ARO_3005157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-41" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-41 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-34" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-34 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-26" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-26 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3004342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-79" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GIM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase GIM-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003195 .
obo:ARO_3004899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant inbR" ;
rdfs:comment "inbR is part of the transcriptional factor family TetR. It acts as a repressor to regulate efflux pumps involved in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004898 .
obo:ARO_3004559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CAM-1 is a CAM (Central Alberta Metallo) beta-lactamase and carbapenemase identified from 4 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Canadian hospital." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004558 .
obo:ARO_3008156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-267" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-267." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(65)" ;
rdfs:comment "tet(65) is a tetracycline efflux gene identified from a Corynebacterium oculi plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-70" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-70 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin K1" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3006676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-305" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-305 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tacrolimus" ;
rdfs:comment "tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive agent that inhibits calcineurin. This mechanism has been explored for treatment of certain fungal infections, especially mucor species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3004691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.4" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-3.1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA4" ;
rdfs:comment "cfxA4 beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in Bacteroides fragilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003000 .
obo:ARO_3007027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salC" ;
rdfs:comment "salC is a ABC-F subfamily protein gene that confers resistance to lincosamides and class A streptogramins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007030 .
obo:ARO_3001529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-341" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-341 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefoxitin-clavulanate" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephamycin antibiotic cefoxitin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3002045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-34" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-34 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-183" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-183 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1306" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1306." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3000988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-126" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-126 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfacetamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfacetamide is a very soluable sulfonamide antibiotic previously used to treat urinary tract infections. Its relatively low activity and toxicity to those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome have reduced its use and availability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3002227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-36" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-36 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-569" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-569 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3002713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA7" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA7 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Shewanella algae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-722" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-722 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GMB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GMB-1 is a GMB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005414 .
obo:ARO_3002706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant embC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycobacterium tuberculosis embC mutations at codon 270 confer resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005005 .
obo:ARO_3005466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-59" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-59 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa parE resulting in sensitivity to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin). In combination with a gyrase mutation (gyrA or gyrB), it confers a high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003313 .
obo:ARO_3007506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "naftifine" ;
rdfs:comment "Naftifine is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from Allylamine. It was discovered in 19742 at the Sandoz Research Institute in Vienna, Austria. Naftifine is fungicidal against a broad spectrum of dermatophyte fungi and provides good against Candida and Aspergillus species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007498 .
obo:ARO_3006623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-245" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-245 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-38" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-38 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3004590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(54)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3002569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iy" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iy is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. enteritidis and S. enterica. Regulatory mutation required to increase expression of this chromosomally-encoded gene for resistance. In the specific system, aminoglycoside resistance was due to a transcriptional fusion secondary to a chromosomal deletion in which the downstream aac(6')-Iy gene was placed under the control of the upstream nmpC promoter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3008789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-152" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-152 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3008583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1165" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1165." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-121" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-121 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli and Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-18" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-18 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3001700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-190" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-190 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1246" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1246." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-202" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori rpoB mutation conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifampicin inhibits transcription by binding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. Helicobacter pylori mutations associated with rifampicin resistance typically occur in the rifampicin resistance determining region of rpoB between codons 525 and 586." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3005918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-711" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-711 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "5-flucytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "5-Flucytosine is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It inhibits fungal RNA and DNA synthesis by changing the amino-acylation of tRNA, causing the amino acid pool to be altered and protein synthesis to be inhibited." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007560 .
obo:ARO_3006449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-92" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-92 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1104" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1104." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3000818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nalC" ;
rdfs:comment "NalC is a repressor of PA3720-PA3719, which are positive regulators of MexAB-OprM. Thus, nalC mutants confer multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:RO_0002409 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "indirectly_negatively_regulates" ;
rdfs:range .
obo:ARO_3007587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin O" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3006044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-852" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-852 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strain" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific strain of bacteria that was used to perform the antibiotic susceptibility test." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3009476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3002265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-9" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3004263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant liaR" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the liaR response regulator that confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Curated-R" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutation data hand curated from the scientific literature, evaluated as conferring resistance (R)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3007573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycins and congeners are a class of rare aromatic polyketides possessing a partially reduced 1-phenyltetracene pentacyclic core." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005171 .
obo:ARO_3004139 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.1" ;
rdfs:comment "MCR-3 is a plasmid-borne phosphoethanolamine transferase that interferes with binding of colistin to the cell membrane via addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, resulting reduction in negative charge of the cell membrane. Originally described by Yin et al. 2017, from a porcine Escherichia coli plasmid pWJ1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-530" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-530 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides beta tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to thiabendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin. Thiabendazole is a unique member of the benzimidazole class that can be used for human treatment. Benzimidazoles like thiabendazole are structurally defined as imidazole rings fused to benzene rings." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3001780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-85" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-85 is a beta-lactamase found in Fusobacterium nucleatum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-242" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-242 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-14" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-14 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3003162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-435" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-435 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3006608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-229" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-229 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-189" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-189 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-524" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-524 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-330" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-330 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VCC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "VCC beta-lactamases are Class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-528" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-528." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefotiam" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefotiam is a cephalosporin antibiotic with similar activity to cefuroxime but more active against enterobacteria. It is consumed orally as the prodrug cefotiam hexetil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3005680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-31" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-31 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrEF-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrEF-TolC is a tripartite multidrug efflux system similar to AcrAB-TolC and found in Gram-negative bacteria. AcrE is the membrane fusion protein, AcrF is the inner membrane transporter, and TolC is the outer membrane channel protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-90" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-18" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-18 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3002193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-2" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(O/M/O)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(O/M/O) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3004971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c mutations confer resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv1258c (Tap) gene that can contribute to or confer resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004970 .
obo:ARO_3005691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-42" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-42 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that are found in a variety of species and have the ability to hydrolyze penams and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3006401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-232" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-232 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-168" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-168 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-804" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-804 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penicillin beta-lactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Penicilins (Penams) are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. Penicillin-like antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000007 .
obo:ARO_3005572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-36" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-36 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpeAB" ;
rdfs:comment "LpeAB are components of an efflux pump, which is a macrolide resistance determinant in L. pneumophila Paris strain. Mutations observed in the upstream sequence of lpeAB operon in resistant lineages led to an overexpression of this efflux pump. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of macrolides themselves participated in upregulating this efflux and could constitute a first step in the acquisition of a high macrolide resistance level. As Lpp2879–Lpp2880 is homologous to Escherichia coli AcrAB, lpp2879–lpp2880 was renamed to lpeAB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3002153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-22" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3003138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-130" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-130 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsA) mutation conferring resistance to hygromycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the highly conserved helix 44 of the 16S rrsA rRNA gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to hygromycin B. Resistance against hygromycin B is the result of conformational alterations that distorts a strong hydrogen bond leading to a change in the local geometry of the hygromycin B binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3005627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-204" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-204 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-873" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-873 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-107" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-107 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-352" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-352 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-867" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-867 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeF" ;
rdfs:comment "smeF is an outer membrane multidrug efflux protein of the smeDEF complex in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-4" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-4 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-278" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-278." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-13" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-13 is a MOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3005388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AFM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AFM beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in proteobacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3000803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexE" ;
rdfs:comment "MexE is the membrane fusion protein of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "efpA" ;
rdfs:comment "efpA is an MFS transporter found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-247" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-247 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant gpsI" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in gpsI that increases resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-246" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-246 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3000654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arbekacin" ;
rdfs:comment "A synthetic derivative (1-N-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl) of dibekacin used in Japan. It is active against methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus and shows synergy with ampicillin when treating gentamicin and vancomycin resistant enterocci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3004610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfr(C) Group" ;
rdfs:comment "The cfr groups were determined by Candela et al (2017) by determining the phylogenetic relationship using the neighbour-joining method to compare the cfr-like proteins to cfr." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000202 .
obo:ARO_3003995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Amino acid substitutions in Clostridioides difficile gyrase subunit A which when present confer functional resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3007517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Ketoconazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It was one of the first available oral broad-spectrum antifungals for the treatment of systemic and superficial mycoses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3006941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRG-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LRG-1 is a LRG beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005419 .
obo:ARO_3009450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Microsporum canis MDR2 with mutations conferring resistance to terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "MDR1 encodes a membrane-bound efflux pump which can confer resistance to antifungal compounds when the gene is subject to a gain of function mutation. Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxidase in fungi but if this enzyme remains functional then ergosterol production continues allowing the fungus to survive despite drug exposure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3003873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-42" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-42 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3004942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ald" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in ald which decreases effective functioning of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-190" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-190." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB41" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB41 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB68" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB68 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSA2-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RSA2-1 is a RSA2 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005440 .
obo:ARO_3004274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Methyltransferases that modify the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, conferring resistance to drugs that target 23S rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000164 .
obo:ARO_3007449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-97" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-97 is a KPC class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-285" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-285 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3008619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1207" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1207." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB58" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB58 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-150" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-150 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vancomycin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci" ;
rdfs:comment "Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci that has tested resistant(R) or intermediate(I) to vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3004450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TRU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "A class C beta-lactamase enzyme identified from Aeromonas enteropelogenes. TRU-1 confers resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004449 .
obo:ARO_3003374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterobacter aerogenes acrR with mutation conferring multidrug antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrR is a repressor of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrR mutations result in high level antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000702 .
obo:ARO_3005426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MYO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MYO beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Myroides odoratimimus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3006579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-20" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-20 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CblA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CblA beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases that confer resistance to cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB15" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB15 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal mitochondrial housekeeping protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitations to the general functioning of fungal mitochondria can confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3002685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catIII" ;
rdfs:comment "catIII is a plasmid-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Shigella flexneri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3003497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Neisseria meningitidis can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3006788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-419" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-419 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-25" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3000329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfamethoxazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic usually taken with trimethoprim, a diaminopyrimidine antibiotic. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, essential to tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthesis. This pathway generates compounds used in the synthesis of many amino acids and nucleotides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3005007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC2" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC2 is a class 1 integron found in Ciprofloxacin-resistant Vibro choleraeO1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(40)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet40 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in the Gram-positive Clostridium. It is similar to tetA(P)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphC" ;
rdfs:comment "The mphC gene was identified from Staphylococcus aureus. This gene shows similarity to mphB gene from Escherchia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3009237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg1 with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3008887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-540" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-540." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-517" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-517." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-296" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-296 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA12" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA12 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-113" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-113 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene mutant causing Chr1 aneuploidy conferring antifungal resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Chr1 aneuploidy causing antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009374 .
obo:ARO_3008577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1159" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1159." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-130" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-130 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-53" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-53 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prothionamide resistant fabG1" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistant gene variants of mycobacterial fabG1 which confer resistance to prothionamide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004887 .
obo:ARO_3005307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-292" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-292 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKS1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3001572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-386" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-386 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-49" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-49 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3005888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-680" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-680 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridium perfringes cplR" ;
rdfs:comment "CplR is an ABC-F ATPase ribosomal protection protein from Clostridium perfringes which confers resistance to pleuromutilins and lincosamides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3005347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DfrA37" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA37 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanF" ;
rdfs:comment "VanF is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It is associated with both vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Paenibacillus popilliae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3004046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "kdpDE" ;
rdfs:comment "kdpDE is a two-component regulatory system in Escherichia coli, well studied for its role in potassium transport and homeostasis. kdpE is also implicated in virulence loci regulation and overexpression of kdpE is shown to confer resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1090" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1090." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-824" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-824 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3001600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-409" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-409 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-380" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-380 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3169 mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv3169 gene that can contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004992 .
obo:ARO_3001178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-134" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-134 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tlrB" ;
rdfs:comment "TlrB is a methyltransferase found in Streptomyces fradiae and confers resistance to mycinamicin, tylosin and lincosamides. Specifically, this enzyme adds a methyl group to guanosine 748 (E. coli numbering). TlrB is found in the tylosin biosynthetic cluster and is one mechanism by which S. fradiae protects itself from self-destruction when producing this macrolide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 , obo:ARO_3001298 .
obo:ARO_3002836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuB" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuB is a plasmid-mediated nucleotidyltransferase found in Streptococcus lutetiensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3002052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-41" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-41 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AXC-1 is a AXC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3006400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-231" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-231 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-322" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-322 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fluoroquinolone-resistant MRSA" ;
rdfs:comment "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has additionally tested resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotics ciprofloxacin and/or levofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004306 .
obo:ARO_3006463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-174" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-174 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-967" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-967." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3005413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GIL beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GIL-beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Citrobacter gillenii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "experimental source" ;
rdfs:comment "Source is an experimental, commonly used lab strain (e.g., P. aeruginosa PAO1)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004532 .
obo:ARO_3003594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-438" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-438 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-401" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-401 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-289" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-289 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal without defined classification" ;
rdfs:comment "Antifungal compounds with multiple applications and usages, including antimalarial, anti-cancer, anti-protist, etc. Often include ambiguous drug family classification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000003 .
obo:ARO_3001615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-66" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-66 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-347" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-347 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-227" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-227 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(X6)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(X6) is a tetracycline inactivating enzyme. It is a tet(X) variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3007827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-49" ;
rdfs:comment "GES_49 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ornidazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Ornidazole is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative mainly used to treat parasitic infections but has also demonstrated antibiotic activity against anaerobic bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004115 .
obo:ARO_3002598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId bifunctional protein" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007419 .
obo:ARO_3008561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1143" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1143." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactamase resistant penicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Penicillin-like antibiotic compounds resistant to penicillinase activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000008 .
obo:ARO_3001095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-37" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-37 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin resistant parE" ;
rdfs:comment "ParE is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, which decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow access to genes for transcription or translation. Point mutations in ParE prevent anticoumarin antibiotics from inhibiting DNA synthesis, thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000115 .
obo:ARO_3003140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-10" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3008572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1154" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1154." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin Q" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3002605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA5" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA5 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids, transposons and integrons in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Kluyvera georgiana, P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3007816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-79" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-79 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-12" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-12." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3000854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SMB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SMB-1 can hydrolyze a variety of beta-lactams, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. It was identified in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004217 .
obo:ARO_3009089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-37" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-37." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3001468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-168" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-168 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3007923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-158" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-158." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB10" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB10 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-34" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-34 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-21" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-21 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3001435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-44" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-44 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-10" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3006344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-172" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-172 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-506" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-506." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli fabG mutations conferring resistance to triclosan" ;
rdfs:comment "fabG is a 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis.The bacterial biocide Triclosan blocks the final reduction step in fatty acid elongation, inhibiting biosynthesis. Point mutations in fabG can confer resistance to Triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004284 .
obo:ARO_3007547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3009206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus terreus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3000621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PC1 beta-lactamase (blaZ)" ;
rdfs:comment "The blaZ beta-lactamase is found in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004197 .
obo:ARO_3008688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1278" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1278." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-12" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1141" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1141." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3004600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LnuH" ;
rdfs:comment "LnuH is a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase transferase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3007107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimE" ;
rdfs:comment "nimE is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3008346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-228" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-228." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-339" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-339." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-178" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-178 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis folC with mutation conferring resistance to para-aminosalicylic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the dihydrofolate synthetase folC gene shown clinically to confer resistance to p-aminosalicylic acid or other aminosalicylates. Mutations in folC inhibit bioactivation of PAS and thus confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004155 .
obo:ARO_3009401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible Cyp51 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Wild type P450 enzymes, such as Cyp51, that are susceptible to all relevant antifungal compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009195 .
obo:ARO_3005849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-628" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-628 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3009332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amikacin-resistant eis" ;
rdfs:comment "Variants of the enhanced intracellular survival protein eis which are associated with increased resistance to amikacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004961 .
obo:ARO_3009183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tricyclazole" ;
rdfs:comment "A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union. It has a role as a melanin synthesis inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. According to CHEBI, this compound is not a member of the azole group of antifungals, but is instead part of a group called the triazobenzothiazoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3001341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-132" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-132 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanE cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSE, is a vanS variant found in the vanE gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3002410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-4-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-4-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB30" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB30 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.5" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_0000004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "monobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000007 .
obo:ARO_3007688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "menadione" ;
rdfs:comment "Menadione exhibits antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. When combined with oxacillin, it exhibited an additive and synergistic effect against the tested strains. Menadione demonstrated antibiofilm activity and effectively combated biofilms with reduced sensitivity to oxacillin alone. Its mechanism of action involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. It showed interactions with important targets, such as DNA gyrase and dehydroesqualene synthase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3005213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-204" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ponA1 mutations conferring resistance to rifabutin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ponA1 that contribute to or confer resistance to rifabutin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004959 .
obo:ARO_3006687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-317" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-317 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-123" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-123." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PFM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "PFM-3 is a PFM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005432 .
obo:ARO_3002558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ik" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ik is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-426" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-426 is a beta-lactamase found in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. It is carbapenem resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-9" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3009090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-38" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-38." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3001084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-26" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-26 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-120" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-120 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-46" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-46 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1289" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1289." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-124" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-124 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA18" ;
rdfs:comment "A trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase identified from Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-3" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3005561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-25" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-25 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3009158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) Nomenclature" ;
rdfs:comment "The HGVS Nomenclature is an internationally-recognized standard for the description of DNA, RNA, and protein sequence variants. It is used to convey variants in clinical reports and to share variants in publications and databases (https://hgvs-nomenclature.org/stable)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3008160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-271" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-271." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-7" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-7 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-18" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-18 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3001998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-140" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-140 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Methyltransferases that modify the 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, conferring resistance to drugs that target 16S rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000164 .
obo:ARO_3002973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanTm gene in vanL cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanTmL, is a vanT variant found in the vanL gene cluster. vanTmL codes for the membrane-binding domain of vanTL." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000372 .
obo:ARO_3006149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-40" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-40 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000676 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "H-NS" ;
rdfs:comment "H-NS is a histone-like protein involved in global gene regulation in Gram-negative bacteria. It is a repressor of the membrane fusion protein genes acrE, mdtE, and emrK as well as nearby genes of many RND-type multidrug exporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3007271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.39" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-219" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-261" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefepime-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ADC-261." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-319" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-319." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fenbuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Fenbuconazole is a triazole fungicide intended for use as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide spray. It is a systemic protectant and curative which acts by inhibiting sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Fenbuconazole is rapidly absorbed and eliminated, mainly in the faeces through significant biliary excretion; there was no evidence of significant retention in tissues. Fenbuconazole was of low acute toxicity when administered orally (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw), dermally (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg bw), or by inhalation (LC50 > 2.1 mg/litre air). It was not irritating to the skin or eyes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3009545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme Cyp51 is central to fungal ergosterol production. Strobilurin fungicides act on the mitochondrial respiratory chain by binding to the Qo site of cytochrome b, thereby inhibiting electron transport and ATP synthesis. Although strobilurins do not directly target Cyp51, mutations in Cyp51 and other sterol biosynthesis genes can influence overall fungal fitness and occasionally contribute to conferred resistance to other drug classes such as strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009547 .
obo:ARO_3008626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1216" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1216." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-472" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-472 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3009039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN-6" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase RAHN-6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005439 .
obo:ARO_3007950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-187" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-187." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-66" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-66 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtM" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug resistance protein MdtM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3009050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-231" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase SHV-231." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "caprazamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Caprazamycin is a potent anti-mycobacterial liponucleoside antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3004472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lsa-type ABC-F protein" ;
rdfs:comment "A subgroup of the ABC-F protein subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins. lsa-type ABC-F proteins confer resistance to streptogramin, lincosamide and pleuromutilin antibiotics through antibiotic target protection of the ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004469 .
obo:ARO_3000560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm-like 23S rRNA methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm proteins are part of the RNA methyltransferase family and methylate A2058 (E. coli numbering) of the 23S ribosomal RNA conferring degrees of resistance to Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramin. This is called the MLS phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009649 .
obo:ARO_3005242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-209" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003962 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "farB" ;
rdfs:comment "farB is the cytoplasmic transporter protein that is part of the farAB efflux pump. farB corresponds to 3 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 3 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA1" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA1 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-106" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-106 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-143" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-143." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-25" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-25 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute list of LEN beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3009078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-16dep" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-16." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3000545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MacAB-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "MacAB-TolC is an ABC efflux pump complex expressed in E. coli and Salmonella enterica. It confers resistance to macrolides, including erythromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3006062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-870" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-870 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oleD" ;
rdfs:comment "OleD is a glycotransferase found in Streptomyces antibioticus, a natural producer of oleandomycin. OleD can glycosylate a wide range of macrolides. Unlike oleI, oleD is not found in the oleandomycin biosynthetic cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000465 .
obo:ARO_3003990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgbC" ;
rdfs:comment "VgbC is a streptogramin B-type lyase found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to streptogramin B-type antibiotics by linearization of the lactone ring on an ester bond, resulting in antibiotic inactivation. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000376 .
obo:ARO_3001304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmS" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmS is a methyltransferase found in the tylosin producer Streptomyces fradiae. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. Specifically, this enzyme transfers two methyl groups. The gene is found within the tylosin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3008088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-13" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-13." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3008296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-170" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-170." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-791" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-791." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3006033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-839" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-839 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3000120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "balhimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Balhimycin is a vancomycin-like glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Amycolatopsis balhimycina. It binds to the terminal Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala of peptidoglycan precursors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3003054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SmeDEF" ;
rdfs:comment "SmeDEF is a multidrug resistance efflux pump that confers resistance to quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol, and novobiocin in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3009621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole resistant fungal 14 alpha demethylase" ;
rdfs:comment "Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase is involved in a critical step in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. It's encoded by ERG11 (Cyp51) which is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative removal of the 14 alpha methyl group from lanosterol. It is the primary target of azole antifungals, which bind to the heme iron in the enzyme's active site to block substrate access. This also causes the accumulation of toxic 14 alpha methylated sterol intermediates. Resistance mediated through ERG11 typically arises via point mutations in the active site that reduce azole binding affinity without abolishing catalytic activity. Additionally, upregulation of ERG11 can overwhelm the presence of azoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009622 .
obo:ARO_3002172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-7" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-7 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3007629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cadaside antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "The cadasides are calcium-dependent cyclic acidic lipopeptide antibiotics that disrupt cell wall biosynthesis and show activity against multiple drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3005134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-43" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-43 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "automated testing platform" ;
rdfs:comment "Automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004390 .
obo:ARO_3002682 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catD" ;
rdfs:comment "catD is a chromosome and transposon-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3002829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgaA" ;
rdfs:comment "vgaA is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in staphylococci that confers resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics and related compounds. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3001260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amythiamicin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Amythiamicin A is a cyclic thiazolyl peptide antibiotic with a structure similar to GE2270A. Amythiamicin B, C, and D also exist, but are not discussed further here. Amythiamicin A was shown to have the highest activity in cell free protein synthesis assays." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001309 .
obo:ARO_3005589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-55" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-55 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Enterobacter spp. that has tested resistant to at least one of the following antibiotic drugs: imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3008237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-107" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-107." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004701 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftazidime-cloxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing beta-lactam penam antibiotic cloxacillin and the cephalosporin ceftazidime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3001626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-88" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-88 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-273" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-273 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbapenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000007 .
obo:ARO_3004740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AST-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AST-1 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase gene found in Nocardia asteroides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004741 .
obo:DOID_1579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "respiratory system disease" ;
rdfs:comment "A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3005332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-895" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-895 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-229 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3006441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-84" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-84 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-5" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-5 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3008335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-213" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-213." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB20" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB20 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-348" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-348 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(30)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(30) confers a MLSb resistant phenotype. Along with erm(31), these genes are responsible for self-resistance in the pikromycin/narbomycin/methymycin/neomethymycin producer, Streptomyces venezuelae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-329" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-329 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrB" ;
rdfs:comment "emrB is a translocase in the emrB -TolC efflux protein in E. coli. It recognizes substrates including carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), nalidixic acid, and thioloactomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-81" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-81 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-98" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-98 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lsaB" ;
rdfs:comment "LsaB is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in Mammaliicoccus sciuri. It confers resistance to clindamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004472 .
obo:ARO_3008753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-976" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-976." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive pgsA" ;
rdfs:comment "pgsA or phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase is an integral membrane protein involved in phospholipid biosynthesis. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to cell death via the inability to form the plasma membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003273 .
obo:ARO_3006232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-7" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-7 is a ACC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3008443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1022" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1022." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-20" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3006295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-117" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-117 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A25" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3005186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-164" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-164 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nalidixic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3001703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-86" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-86 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "agar plug diffusion method" ;
rdfs:comment "This method is commonly used to study the antagonism between microorganisms. The first bacterial strain is inoculated onto agar plates in tight streaks. The bacteria will secrete molecules that diffuse in the agar medium; this medium is cut and placed on another agar plate inoculated with another microorganism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004391 .
obo:ARO_3007098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosM2" ;
rdfs:comment "FosM2 is a thiol transferase discovered in human gut microflora that leads to the resistance of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3000168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(D)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetD is a tetracycline efflux pump found exclusively in Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imiH" ;
rdfs:comment "imiH is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas hydrophila. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3004516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-8.1" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel phosphoethanolamine transferase and mobile colistin resistance gene identified from carbapenem-resistant NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-16" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ;
rdfs:comment "Any strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has tested Resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: cefepime and/or ceftazidime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3003583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "basS" ;
rdfs:comment "Histidine protein kinase sensor Lipid A modification gene; part of a two-component system involved in polymyxin resistance that senses high extracellular Fe(2+)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3008003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-287" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-287." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-73" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-73 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifapentine" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifapentine is a semisynthetic rifamycin that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. It is often used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 .
obo:ARO_3002323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-13" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-13 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-360" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-360 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3007520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxiconazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is primarily used to treat tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and tinea versicolor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3007355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tiliroside" ;
rdfs:comment "Tiliroside is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3004852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SYN-1012" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental serine beta-lactamase inhibitor comparable to clavulanic acid, tazobactam and sulbactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007130 .
obo:ARO_3004726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefpirome" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefpirome is a fourth generation cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans group streptococci, and in vitro activity towards Streptococcus pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009108 .
obo:ARO_3001684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-313" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-313 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ndh" ;
rdfs:comment "ndh is a NADH oxidase. It participates in antibiotic resistance by diminishing NADH oxidation and consequently causes an increase in NADH concentration and depletion of NAD+. This alteration of the NADH/NAD+ ratio prevents the peroxidation reactions required for the activation of INH, as well as the displacement of the NADH-isonicotinic acyl complex from InhA enzyme binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.16" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_0000009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tunicamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tunicamycin is mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics that block the reaction of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and dolichyl phosphate in the first step of glycoprotein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 , obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3007327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of MexAB-OprM efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the MexAB-OprM efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3004128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Serratia marcescens Omp1" ;
rdfs:comment "Omp1 is an outer membrane porin that confers resistance by absence in S. marcescens. Knockout, deletion or other inhibition of the omp1 gene confers resistance to certain beta-lactamase antibiotics - including Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Moxalactam - as well as Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol, by preventing passage of the antibiotic into the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3002894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "otr(C)" ;
rdfs:comment "otr(C) is a tetracycline resistance efflux pump found in Streptomyces rimosus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-6-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB1" ;
rdfs:comment "Subtype of FosB, fosfomycin resistant. S.aureus SA1129 carried a FosB1 identical to S. haemolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3002115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-103" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-103 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-738" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-738 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-25" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-25 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3000601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(38)" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3003389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium leprae folP with mutation conferring resistance to dapsone" ;
rdfs:comment "Dapsone inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with with para-aminobenzoate for the active site of dihydropteroate synthetase. Point mutation within the Mycobacterium leprae folP gene results in lowered affinity of dapsone for folP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003388 .
obo:ARO_3003396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of helix 44, in the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to gentamicin C." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3006811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-443" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-443 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-280" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-280 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3009502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PSV-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PSV-1 is a PSV beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005438 .
obo:ARO_3003577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ugd" ;
rdfs:comment "PmrE is required for the synthesis and transfer of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N) to Lipid A, which allows gram-negative bacteria to resist the antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics such as polymyxin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3007198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases discovered in Pseudomonas alcaligenes and found in other members of the Pseudomonas genus. PAM beta-lactamases hydrolyze cephalosporins and carbenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3007366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aztreonam-avibactam" ;
rdfs:comment "A mixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic aztreonam and the beta-lactamase inhibitor avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3008436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1015" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1015." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3001017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-150" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-150 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter spp., E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "30S ribosomal subunit" ;
rdfs:comment "The smaller of two ribosomal subunits that make up the 70S bacterial ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:DOID_850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lung disease" ;
rdfs:comment "A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:DOID_0050161 .
obo:ARO_3009448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans MDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3004423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "= standard inoculum" ;
rdfs:comment "Around equal to 5 x 105 cfu/mL for broth dilution and 104 cfu/mL for agar dilution." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004417 .
obo:ARO_3004573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii AbaF" ;
rdfs:comment "Expression of abaF in E. coli resulted in increased resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase (LNU)" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance to the lincosamide antibiotic by ATP-dependent modification of the 3' and/or 4'-hydroxyl groups of the methylthiolincosamide sugar." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3006288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-109" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-109 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "L1 family beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "This subclass B3 of beta-lactamses have the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3009298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal tac1" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009240 .
obo:ARO_3000388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of streptoramin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3000741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "transcription complex DNA" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA in the transcriptional complex is partially unwound, allowing antibiotics to target exposed bases and prevent DNA transcription." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000738 .
obo:ARO_3000531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "baeSR" ;
rdfs:comment "BaeSR is a two component regulatory system for efflux proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. BaeR is a response regulator, while BaeS is a sensor kinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3007423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli PBP3 mutants conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant PBP3 in E. coli conferring resistance to beta-lactams, including beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3009198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Erg11 with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain drugs, such as Azoxystrobin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3008141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-252" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-252." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-B beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PEN-B is a family of class A beta-lactamase enzymes which inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-286" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-286 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eremomycin pyrrolidide" ;
rdfs:comment "Eremomycin pyrrolidide 3, 4, 5, and 6 are semisynthetic glycopeptide derived from vancomycin or eremomycin. There have high activity against staphylococci and enterococci, including vancomycin-resistant strains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3000841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CGB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CGB-1 is an Ambler class B beta-lactamase that mediates resistance for carbapenems in Chryseobacterium gleum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004203 .
obo:ARO_3005321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-541" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-541 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3005746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-516" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-516 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Oligella urethralis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3005549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-35" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-35 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3001225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "megalomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Micromonospora megalomicia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3002587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-I33" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-I33 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3007536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA (rrnS) mutation conferring resistance to amikacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in M. tuberculosis rrnS conferring resistance to amikacin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3000206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrK" ;
rdfs:comment "emrK is a membrane fusion protein that is a homolog of EmrA. Together with the inner membrane transporter EmrY and the outer membrane channel TolC, it mediates multidrug efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr1 with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3004782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ERP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ERP-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Erwinia persicina." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004781 .
obo:ARO_3008464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1045" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1045." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene detected by antibiotic resistance screening microarray" ;
rdfs:comment "Many genes involved in antibiotic resistance are mobile and microarray probes for these genes can thus provide positive results for any number of organisms. CARD stores the coding sequences of genes targeted by the probe sets of available antibiotic resistance microarrays." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3005310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-313" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-313 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr1" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib-cr is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrons in Enterobacteriaceae. The aac(6')-Ib-cr variant gene can induce resistance against aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone simultaneously." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3009538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyrenopeziza brassicae Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-202" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-202 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.7" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-1 variant identified from Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-395" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-395 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cpxA" ;
rdfs:comment "CpxA is a membrane-localized sensor kinase that is activated by envelope stress. It starts a kinase cascade that activates CpxR, which promotes efflux complex expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3009389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis myosin-5 with mutations conferring resistance against phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in myosin-5 (also called myosin V) confer resistance against the fungicide phenamacril. Fusarium species produce myotoxins that are pathogenic to mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009381 , obo:ARO_3009384 .
obo:ARO_3003729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus ileS with mutation conferring resistance to mupirocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations to the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ileS) in Staphylococcus aureus that confer resistance to mupirocin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000446 .
obo:ARO_3007018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARD Short Name" ;
rdfs:comment "A CARD-specific abbreviation for AMR gene names associated with Antibiotic Resistance Ontology terms, often not based on the literature. This is used for programmatic and compatibility purposes and is not ontologically relevant. Each ontology term with an associated AMR detection model has a CARD Short Name that appears in CARD data files and output generated by RGI. If the original gene name is less than 15 characters, the CARD short name is identical; if the gene name is greater than 15 characters, the CARD Short Name has been abbreviated by CARD curators specifically to identify the proper gene or protein name. All CARD Short Names are unique and have whitespace characters replaced by underscore characters. The convention for pathogen names is capitalized first letter of the genus followed by the lowercase first three letters of the species name. The antibiotic abbreviations are from https://journals.asm.org/journal/aac/abbreviations plus some custom abbreviations by the CARD curators. Simple CARD Short Names often do not involve either, e.g. CTX-M-15, but where applicable the CARD Short Names follow pathogen_gene or pathogen_gene_drug. The full lists of abbreviations can be found in the CARD Downloads: https://card.mcmaster.ca/latest/data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3002616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA16" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA16 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and integrons in E. coli, V. cholerae and K. pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3000153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(9)" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of spectinomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3007767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marinomycin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Marinomycin D is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007763 .
obo:ARO_3004269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "This family of phosphoethanolamine transferase catalyze the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, which impedes the binding of colistin to the cell membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004112 .
obo:ARO_3007960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-88" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-88." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-990" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-990." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3005630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-207" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-207 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Botrytis cinerea MFS1 with mutations conferring resistance to oxpoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3009108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fourth-generation cephalosporin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fourth-generation cephalosporins have activity against gram-positive cocci and a broad array of gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas and many of the Enterobacteriaceae with inducible chromosomal beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000032 .
obo:ARO_3002147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-16" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-16 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3006183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-19" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-19 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3007069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosY" ;
rdfs:comment "A thiol transferase isolated in Staphylococcus aureus that leads to resistance of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3001153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-104" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-104 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-57" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-57 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arlRS" ;
rdfs:comment "ArlRS is a two-component regulatory system for NorA. ArlS phosphorylates ArlR to promote NorA expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3007388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-VI" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin and ethylnetilmicin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3000687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moenomycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Moemomycin antibiotics are phosphoglycolipids that contain a 3-phosphoglyceric acid, often used as a mixture. They inhibit petidoglycan glycosyltransferases to prevent bacterial cell wall biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-430" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-430 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pichia kudriavzevii Fks1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS1 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics such as anidulafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3008353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-237" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-237." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3'')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3'')-Ia is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. griseus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007414 .
obo:ARO_3003465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB with mutation conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations that occurs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB causing it to be rifampicin resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003464 .
obo:ARO_3001247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Azimycin is produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes ATCC 31013." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3002120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-108" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-108 is a beta-lactamase present in plasmids of clinical Escherichia coli from humans and companion animals in the upper Midwestern USA . Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexEF" ;
rdfs:comment "MexEF is a multidrug efflux pump complex comprising MexE and MexF as its core components. This system functions as the primary transport mechanism, interacting with various outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and harmful compounds, thus contributing to multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-16" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-16 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-208" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-208 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "eatAv" ;
rdfs:comment "eatAv is a mutated form of the wildtype eatA ABC-F subfamily protein isolated from Enterococcus faecium conferring resistance to lincosamides, streptogramin A's and pleuromutilins (LSaP phenotype)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3001871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-8" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-8 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic adjuvants shown to inhibit the action of a beta-lactamase enzyme or enhance the ability of a beta-lactam antibiotic. These compounds are used along with antibiotics to treat beta-lactam-resistant infectious pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3006807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-439" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-439 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TLA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "TLA-1 is a beta-lactamase found in plasmids of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli strain R170 in Latin America. It preferentially hydrolyzed cephaloridine, cefotaxime, cephalothin, benzylpenicillin, and ceftazidime. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by sulbactam, tazobactam, and clavulanic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003201 .
obo:ARO_3005494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SIM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "SIM-2 is a SIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004206 .
obo:ARO_3002150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-19" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-19 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3004563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile rpoB with mutation conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the rpoB region of Clostridioides difficile which confer resistance to rifampin and rifampicin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3008644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1234" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1234." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive signal peptidase I" ;
rdfs:comment "Signal peptidase I is a bacterial signal peptidase that cleaves signal peptides from translated proteins. These signal peptides direct proteins to their destination, and then must be cleaved in order to function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3006784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-415" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-415 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-469" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-469 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUG-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M family extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KLUG-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MBL beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MBL beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Caulobacter vibrioides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3000587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulbactam is an inhibitor of non-AmpC serine beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007130 .
obo:ARO_3002865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrC" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrC is a chromosome-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-384" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-384 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KHM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "KHM-1 is a plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii that confers resistance to all broad-spectrum beta-lactams, execpt for monobactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004207 .
obo:ARO_3007745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nordihydroguaiaretic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. The inhibition of NDM-1 by nordihydroguaiaretic acid involves its direct binding to the active region of NDM-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007133 .
obo:ARO_3004895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant fabG1" ;
rdfs:comment "fabG1 is involved in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, acting in the first reduction step for mycolic acid. It is associated with isoniazid resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004887 .
obo:ARO_3002190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-8" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-8 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3007999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-283" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-283." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_2000005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "stoichiometrically_homologous_to" ;
rdfs:comment "Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected stoichiometrical parameters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3003898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lugdunin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lugdunin is a thiazolidine-containing cyclic peptide antibiotic isolated from nasal Staphylococcus lugnunensis that prohibits Staphylococcus aureus colony formation. It is a human commensal bacteria, indicating the potential for further antibiotic discoveries from human microbiota." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3001987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-128" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-128 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msrC" ;
rdfs:comment "msrC is a chromosomal-encoded ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in Enterococcus faecium that confers resistance to erythromycin and other macrolide and streptogramin B antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3003642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-485" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-485 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-7" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-7 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1170" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1170." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to tobramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3006240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-45" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-45 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-743" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-743 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "porin OmpF" ;
rdfs:comment "In the presence of antibiotic stress, E. coli overexpresses the global activator protein MarA, which besides inducing MDR efflux pump AcrAB, also down- regulates synthesis of the porin OmpF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3002696 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlA6" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA6 is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant inhA" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes with mutations in inhA which confer resistance to isoniazid class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003417 .
obo:ARO_3007734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-727-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-727." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3007829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-51" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-51 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nocardamine" ;
rdfs:comment "Nocardamine is a cyclic trihydroxamate. It belongs to a group of microbial siderophores which form complexes with iron and aluminum ions. Nocardamine was described first as an antibiotic active against mycobacteria and proteus. It is produced by Nocardia species, several Streptomyces species, Chromobacterium and Pseudomonas." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3003881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-75" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-75 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VI" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, ribostamycin and butirosin, as well as amikacin and isepomicin, by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3008615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1203" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1203." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-58" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "enacyloxin IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "Enacyloxin IIa is structurally distinct but acts in a similar mechanism to kirromycin-like elfamycins. It prohibits the transfer of the amino acid at the A site to the elongating peptide chain. It is most likely that the mechanism of action is that EF-Tu*GDP is locked in the EF-Tu*GTP form, and EF-Tu*GDP*aa-tRNA is immobilized on the ribosome. It is an open question whether enacyloxin IIa actually belongs to the kirromycin-like group of elfamycins due to their high similarity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001219 .
obo:ARO_3004376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bicyclomycin biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of the broad-spectrum Rho transcription factor inhibitor bicyclomycin by hydroxylation of a tRNA-dependent cyclodipeptide synthase core." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3008258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-130" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-130." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1046" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1046." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1068" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1068." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-551" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-551." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-370" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-370 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.32" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SAT-4" ;
rdfs:comment "SAT-4 is a plasmid-mediated streptothricin acetyltransferase and streptothricin (a nucleoside antibiotic) resistant determinant. Originally described from a Campylobacter coli BE/G4 plasmid gene sequence by Jacob et al, 1994." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000869 .
obo:ARO_3009248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 C-5 sterol desaturase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009625 .
obo:ARO_3002089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-76" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-76 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HER-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3008330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-207" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-207." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-33" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-33 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-63" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-63 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA6/aadA10" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA6/aadA10 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene cassette in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3007333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "verapamil" ;
rdfs:comment "Verapamil is a blood-pressure medication that acts by blocking calcium channels. It is also able to inhibit the antibiotic efflux pump Rv1258c (Tap)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007324 .
obo:ARO_3006900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-4" ;
rdfs:comment "AXC-4 is a AXC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3005000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zoliflodacin resistant gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae can result in resistance to Zoliflodacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000220 .
obo:ARO_3003158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-220" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-220 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A13" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A13." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3002298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-28" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-28 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3003296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Staphylococcus aureus gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3004916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subunits of secretion system conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Subunits of the secretion system complex that secretes proteins that contribute to resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3000556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(44)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet44 is a tetracycline resistance gene found in Campylobacter fetus, and binds to the ribosome to confer antibiotic resistance as a ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3001665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-200" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-200 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BES-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BES-1 is a class A beta-lactamase that is found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004750 .
obo:ARO_3008755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-978" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-978." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB)" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme that is necessary for transcription. The beta-subunit of RNA polymerase forms the active center of the enzyme and template/transcript binding sites. This enzyme can be inactivated by antibiotics leading to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3008843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-496" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-496." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-193" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-193 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-30" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-30 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-14" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-14 is an broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug-resistant Enterobacter" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Enterobacter spp. that has tested either Intermediate or Resistant to at least one drug in at least 3 of the following categories: extended-spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and/or pipericillin/tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3004401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Phoenix" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility developed by Becton Dickinson." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004398 .
obo:ARO_3000650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefdinir" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefdinir is similar to cefixime with a modified side-chain at its 7-amino position. It also shares similar activity with cefixime but is more active against staphylococci. It has also be shown to enhance phagocytosis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3005360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-29" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-29 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_096807439.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-150" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-150 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-443" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-443 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3007176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TNP-2198" ;
rdfs:comment "TNP-2198 is an experimental rifamycin-nitroimidazole conjugate currently in development for treatment of several bacterial infections. It exhibits greater activity than rifamycin and nitroimidazole antibiotics administered together and is effective against bacteria resistant to both drug classes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 , obo:ARO_3004115 .
obo:ARO_3008241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-111" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-111." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyrazinamide resistant pncA" ;
rdfs:comment "pncA is a pyrazinamidase/nicotinamidase. It catalyzes the activation of pyrazinamide to pyrazinoic acid. Mutations arise within the pncA gene that caused the loss of pyrazinamidase activity is the major mechanism of antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004267 .
obo:ARO_3003803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus agrA with mutation conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "agrA is an autoinducer in a peptide-quorum two-component regulatory system whose mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003804 .
obo:ARO_3008760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-983" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-983." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3007692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2535c with mutation conferring resistance to bedaquiline" ;
rdfs:comment "These pepQ/Rv2535c mutations increase efflux through the mmpL5-mmpS5 (Rv0676c-Rv0677c) transporter, such as preventing degradation of MmpL5, which leads to reduced susceptibility to bedaquiline and clofazimine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007691 .
obo:ARO_3009136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Minimal Antibiotic Resistance Platform (mARP)" ;
rdfs:comment "The Minimal Antibiotic Resistance Platform (mARP) is a tool that can be used for the general dereplication of antibiotics in natural product extracts. This platform consists of fifteen low-copy number plasmids that constitutively express individual resistance genes that target seventeen of the most commonly found antibiotics. This kit is useful for antibiotic dereplication and adjuvant discovery. https://www.thewrightlab.com/antibiotic-resistance-platform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3007340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "epigallocatechin gallate" ;
rdfs:comment "Epigallocatechin gallate is a flavonol that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as CmeABC, NorA, and tetK." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007321 , obo:ARO_3007325 , obo:ARO_3007326 .
obo:ARO_3008771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-994" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-994." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3005483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-78" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-78 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-39" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-39 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Moraxella catarrhalis M35" ;
rdfs:comment "The outer membrane protein M35 of Moraxella catarrhalis is an antigenically conserved porin. Down-regulation of M35 significantly increases the MICs of aminopenicillins, specifically amoxicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3005797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-576" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-576 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-11" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3007715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-294-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-294." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3004605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ermZ" ;
rdfs:comment "ermZ is an methyltransferase modifying 23S rRNA conferring resistance to Spiramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3009201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftazidime-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephalosporin antibiotic ceftazidime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3005153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-69" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-69 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-915" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-915 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-134 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3004114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "porin OmpC" ;
rdfs:comment "In the presence of antibiotic stress, there is a coupled down-regulation of the porin OmpC with the OmpF. Mutants both lacking both OmpC and OmpF proteins are resistant to cephaloridine and cefazolin. Analyses of genes involved in the increased resistance to tetracycline suggest that the up-regulation of efflux pump genes is accompanied by a decrease of OmpF and OmpC synthesis. Homologs of OmpC have been identified in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella aerogenes and Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3005034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YRC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "YRC is a ambler class C beta-lactamase from Yersinia ruckeri. It confers resistance penams and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3004595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erm(45)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm45 is an rRNA methylase that confers resistances to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-168" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-168 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Escherichia coli 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3000763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive embC" ;
rdfs:comment "EmbC is an arabinosyltransferase involved in lipoarabinomannan synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000725 .
obo:ARO_3007292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Adjuvants shown to inhibit the action of mobile colistin resistance phosphoethanolamine transferase genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3008503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1085" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1085." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3008808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-11" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-5-11." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin E" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin E was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin E has a trisaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin F. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile. Phenelfamycin E and F are the most potent of the phenelfamycins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3003707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "faropenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Faropenem is an orally active beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penem group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009109 .
obo:ARO_3009412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS2 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in FKS2 are associated with modifications of the beta glucan in the fungal cell wall. As such, these mutations typically showcase increased resistance against echinocandin drugs. However, some studies have reported that some FKS2 mutations can result in increased resistance against azole drugs as well." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3007728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-58-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3006207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-82" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-82 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant dihydrofolate reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000381 .
obo:ARO_3004365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC)" ;
rdfs:comment "BSAC is a British inter-professional organisation involved in antibiotic education, research and leadership. Baquero F. found that the BSAC system recommends lower breakpoints than the consensus standard of all systems for antimicrobial susceptibility testing used in Europe (BSAC, DIN, SFM, SIR, NCCLS and WRG)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3001163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-114" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name SHV-114 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(42)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet42 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in both Gram-negative (Pseudomonas) and Gram-positive (Microbacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Paenibacillus) bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-37" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-37 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-4" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3001012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-145" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-145 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHT2-1" ;
rdfs:comment "DHT2-1 is a DHT2 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005404 .
obo:ARO_0000050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin B antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptogramin B antibiotics are are cyclic hepta- or hexa-depsipeptides. Type B streptogramins block the peptide exit tunnel of the 50S bacterial ribosome. The general composition of group B streptogramins is 3-hydroxypicolinic acid-L-Thr-D-aminobutyric acid (or D-Ala)-L-Pro-L-Phe (or 4-N-,N-(dimethylamino)-L-Phe)-X-L-phenylglycine. Used alone, streptogramin B antibiotics are bacteriostatic, but is bactericidal when used with streptogramin A antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000026 .
obo:ARO_3001724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-268" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-268 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biochanin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Biochanin A is a flavonoid compound that is able to inhibit mycobacterial antibiotic efflux pumps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3006082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-890" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-890 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIe" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIe is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007385 .
obo:ARO_3004928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mymA mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the mymA operon that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004906 .
obo:ARO_3006445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-88" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-88 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusidane antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics possessing steroid rings or steroid-like structures." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TER-2" ;
rdfs:comment "TER-2 is a TER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005453 .
obo:ARO_3000377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexA" ;
rdfs:comment "MexA is the membrane fusion protein of the MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3009437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to tacrolimus" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to antifungal compounds. Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that interferes with stress-response and survival pathways. If tacrolimus is excessively pumped out of the cell, the drugs efficacy is lowered." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3009147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexGHI" ;
rdfs:comment "MexGHI is a multidrug efflux pump complex consisting of MexG, MexH, and MexI as its key components. Together, they form a central transport system that interfaces with outer membrane proteins to remove antibiotics and toxic substances, playing a role in multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-14" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3008181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-19" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase FOX-19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3002702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmrA" ;
rdfs:comment "cmrA is a transposon-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Rhodococcus rhodochrous." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IXa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-IXa is an aminoglycoside phosphoryltransferase that acts on the 3-OH target of aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3007673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bedaquiline resistant Rv0678" ;
rdfs:comment "Loss-of-function mutations in the Mycobacterium Rv0678 gene associated with bedaquiline resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007672 .
obo:ARO_3006113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-928" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-928 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' domain of 16S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to amikacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mshA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the mshA gene resulting in the inability for antibiotic to activate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY beta-lactamases are chromosomal class A beta-lactamases that are found in Klebsiella oxytoca. At constitutive low levels, OXY beta-lactamases confer resistance to aminopenicillins and carboxypenicillins. At high induced levels, OXY beta-lactamases confer resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-272" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-272." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1169" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1169." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3004935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis nudC mutations conferring resistance to ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in nudC resulting in or contributing to conferring resistance to ethionamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004892 .
obo:ARO_3002030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-19" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-19 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-157" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-157 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-13" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "elongation factor G" ;
rdfs:comment "Elongation factor G (EF-G) provides energy for the translocation step in protein synthesis. Antibiotics that target EF-G allow one round of translocation but prevent EF-G from dissociating from the ribosome-RNA complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3000479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin resistant gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) can result in resistance to aminocoumarins. These mutations usually involve arginine residues in organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000220 .
obo:ARO_3001334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-87" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-87 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pterostilbene" ;
rdfs:comment "Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid compound with antioxidant effects found in members of the genus Vaccinium (blueberries). It has also been shown to partially inhibit the mobile colistin resistance gene MCR-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007292 .
obo:ARO_3005376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-45" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-45 [Enterobacter cloacae] Accession: WP_148044420.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "niddamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces caelestis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3008594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1176" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-60 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1176." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_3001977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-117" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-117 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin 2" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainin 2 is an antimicrobial peptides produced from Xenopus laevis skin. It induce osmotic lysis of bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000694 .
obo:ARO_3003951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "microcin J25" ;
rdfs:comment "Microcin J25 is a peptide antibiotic that inhibits transcription by bacterial RNA polymerase. MccJ25 is produced by Escherichia coli strains that harbor a plasmid-borne antibiotic-synthesis and antibiotic-export cassette, consisting of a gene for MccJ25 precursor (a 58 residue linear peptide), two genes for factors that process MccJ25 precursor into MccJ25, and one gene for export of MccJ25." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009658 .
obo:ARO_3004654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "SNP causing high-level ERY resistance and low-level CLI resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3004230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B1 Bacillus anthracis Bla beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases belonging to the Bla genes from Bacillus anthracis that are classified as subclass B1 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3008830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-483" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class C beta-lactamase PDC-483." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-218" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-218 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-8" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase AXC-8." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3002486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-7" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-7 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3009119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefodizime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefodizime is a third-generation, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin for parenteral use. Cefodizime has broad-spectrum activity and is stable to most beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3007780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "halolitoralin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Halolitoralin A is an alanine-rich cyclic hexapeptide. It exhibits potent activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram positive bacteria. It was also found to exhibit moderate anthelmintic activity against the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis and Eudrilus sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007779 .
obo:ARO_3000926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-57" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-57 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-58" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3004135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in M. tuberculosis iniB shown to confer resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004136 .
obo:ARO_3002678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa catB6" ;
rdfs:comment "catB6 is a plasmid-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3006583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-204" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-204 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-294" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3005504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-56" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-56 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007152 .
obo:ARO_3005391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALI beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ALI beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in species of the Aliivibrio genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase PER-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3005265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-234" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-234 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal AFR" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, AFR directly encodes an ABC pump that allows for a baseline efflux of antifungal drugs, especially azoles. It's mutation can cause antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3001174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-127" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-127 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51c with mutations conferring resistance to metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-46" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-46 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB)" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifampin resistant RNA polymerases include amino acids substitutions which disrupt the affinity of rifampin for its binding site. These mutations are frequently concentrated in the rif I region of the beta-subunit and most often involve amino acids which make direct interactions with rifampin. However, mutations which also confer resistance can occur outside this region and may involve amino acids which do not directly make contact with rifampin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000381 , obo:ARO_3003276 .
obo:ARO_3008044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-334" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-334." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-248" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-248." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB54" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB54 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-58" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-58 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3005168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ansamycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of compounds containing an aromatic moiety and an aliphatic chain, produced as a bacterial metabolite and exhibiting antibiotic properties to many gram-positive pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3001295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vertilimicin" ;
rdfs:comment "A semisynthetic genamicin-group aminoglycoside, derived from verdamicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3001438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-100" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-100 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIOMIC Microbiology System" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility developed by Giles Scientific." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004398 .
obo:ARO_3001200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-161" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-161 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PSZ-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PSZ-1 is a PSZ beta-lactamase found in Pantoea endophytica. The gene showed resistance to penicillins and several first-, second-and third-generation cephalosporins as well as aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007647 .
obo:ARO_3006945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT-3" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT-3 is a LUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005421 .
obo:ARO_3002671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Limosilactobacillus reuteri cat-TC" ;
rdfs:comment "cat-TC is a plasmid-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Limosilactobacillus reuteri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3002916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanV" ;
rdfs:comment "vanV is an accessory protein of van operons, first identified in the vanB operon. It is not required for vancomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3002549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Shigella flexneri gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Shigella flexneri gyrA observed to confer resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3008551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1133" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1133." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Isavuconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It has activity against yeasts, dimorphic fungi, and molds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3009176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "brefeldin A" ;
rdfs:comment "A metabolite from Penicillium brefeldianum that exhibits a wide range of antibiotic activity, including antifungal functionality. It also has a role as a Penicillium metabolite." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3001885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-23" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-23 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-194" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-194 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-118" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-118." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecC-type BlaZ" ;
rdfs:comment "A blaZ-like beta-lactamase found in S. Aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004197 .
obo:ARO_3005872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-657" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-657 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003493 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pasteurella multocida 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 34 region of 16S rRNA of Pasteurella multocida can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3001044 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-181" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-181 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-144" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-144 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-96" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-96 is an IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-459" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-459 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-180" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-180 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-451" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-451 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecD" ;
rdfs:comment "mecD is a PBP2a variant identified on a genomic resistance island in Macrococcus caseolyticus. MecD confers resistance to methicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics through the production of an alternative low-affinity PBP. First described by Schwendener et al. 2017 and identified from canine and bovine sources." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009312 .
obo:ARO_3006456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-99" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-99 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rv1877" ;
rdfs:comment "Rv1877, a putative Major Facilitator Superfamily efflux pump from M. tuberculosis actively effluxes fluoroquinolones ofloxacin and levofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3006553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-174" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-174 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-147" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-147 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB6" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB6 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Pantoea agglomerans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefonicid" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefonicid is a second-generation cephalosporin-class beta-lactam antibiotic with broad spectrum activity. Particularly used against urinary tract infections and lower respiratory infections. Causes cell lysis by inactivation of PBPs through binding, inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3004076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MuxABC-OpmB" ;
rdfs:comment "MuxABC-OpmB is an RND-type multidrug efflux pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This efflux pump confers resistance to aztreonam, novobiocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, kitasamycin and rokitamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3007633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-125" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-125 is a KPC-type class A beta-lactamase. KPC-125 is a variant of KPC-3, differing by a D179A polymorphism within the omega-loop region." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-232" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-232 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-37" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-37 is a Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella variicola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-295" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-295 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-856" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-856 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-7" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3007833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-55" ;
rdfs:comment "GES is a class A GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3001232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methymycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3002078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-65" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-65 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-73" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-73 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine resistant alr" ;
rdfs:comment "Provides the D-alanine required for cell wall biosynthesis. Transforms L-alanine to D-alanine. Can confer resistance to cycloserine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004944 .
obo:ARO_3009513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Magnaporthe grisea Cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3009075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-256" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-256." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1033" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1033." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-208" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-208 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-134" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 is a beta-lactamase found in A. lwoffii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3005708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114h" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114h is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3003013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA15" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA15 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB45" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB45 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-51" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-51 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-21" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-21 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levonadifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "A novel broad-spectrum anti-MRSA benzoquinolizine antibiotic effective against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3009632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant Ura" ;
rdfs:comment "URA enzymes in fungi catalyze sequential steps in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, converting simple precursors ultimately into UMP and UDP for nucleotide synthesis. Their relevance to antifungal resistance lies in their intersection with 5-flucytosine metabolism where the compound is converted intracellularly into toxic fluorinated pyrimidine analogs that hijack the pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-603" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-603." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_2000004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "periplasmic_adaptor_protein_of" ;
rdfs:comment "A bridging component of tripartite efflux systems in Gram-negative bacteria, located in the periplasmic space. The periplasmiic adaptor protein links the inner membrane transporter and the outer membrane protein, stabilizing the efflux complex and facilitating substrate transport." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3003689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.1" ;
rdfs:comment "MCR-1 is a plasmid-borne phosphoethanolamine transferase that interferes with binding of colistin to the cell membrane via addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, resulting reduction in negative charge of the cell membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-328" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-328." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli MarR with mutation associated with multidrug resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "MarR is a transcriptional regulator and repressor for the expression of marA, itself an activator of the multidrug efflux pump AcrAB. Certain mutations in the marR gene are associated with increased resistance to drugs including tetracycline and ciprofloxacin through increased AcrAB activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000718 .
obo:ARO_3005601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-178" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-178 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-458" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-458 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1082" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1082." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3002543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IXa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IXa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Micromonospora chalcea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007391 .
obo:ARO_3004466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ICR-Mc" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosomally-encoded colistin resistance phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) transferase of Moraxella catarrhalis. ICR-Mc is the protein that represents the closest known ortholog to the colistin resistance MCR-1 and MCR-2 PEtN transferases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004465 .
obo:ARO_3001393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-216" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-216 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-168" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-168 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-83" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-83 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-3" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "prochloraz" ;
rdfs:comment "Prochloraz is an imidazole fungicide use in agricultural applications." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3001521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-333" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-333 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3006239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-44" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-44 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-320" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-320." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-61" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-61 is a beta-lactamase found in Campylobacter jejuni." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3009319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzimidazole resistant beta-tubulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutated beta-tubulin genes in fungi that are resistant against benzimidazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009318 .
obo:ARO_3001554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-367" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-367 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-219" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-219 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-6-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3003169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-161" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-161 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_0000016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3002179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-14" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-14 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3002385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BEL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BEL-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002384 .
obo:ARO_3001619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-71" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-71 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-552" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-552 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007726 .
obo:ARO_3004024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the diaminopyrimidine antibiotic Trimethoprim and the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (1 TMP:5 SMX)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3009002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A24" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3003184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-8" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-8 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3003679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TriA" ;
rdfs:comment "TriA is a membrane protein that is fused to TriB and both are required for the triclosan efflux pump function of TriABC-OpmH in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanYG, is a vanY variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000077 .
obo:ARO_3002882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lmrD" ;
rdfs:comment "lmrD is a chromosomally-encoded efflux pump that confers resistance to lincosamides in Streptomyces lincolnensis and Lactococcus lactis. It can dimerize with lmrC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3000284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetroxoprim" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetroxoprim is a trimethoprim derivative that inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000171 .
obo:ARO_3003003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA3" ;
rdfs:comment "CfxA3 beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in Capnocytophaga ochracea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003000 .
obo:ARO_3002943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanHB, is a vanH variant in the vanB gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3000949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-82" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-82 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-412" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-412 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS15" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS15 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vgbB" ;
rdfs:comment "VgbB inactivates streptogramin B-type antibiotics by linearizing the lactone ring on the ester bond through an elimination mechanism, thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000376 .
obo:ARO_3003280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins. Mutations in this enzyme can confer additional resistances." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003273 .
obo:ARO_3006822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-455" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-455 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MAB" ;
rdfs:comment "MAB is a broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamase produced by Mycobacterium abscessus that has been shown to hydrolyze a large number of beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007179 .
obo:ARO_3003700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "opmE" ;
rdfs:comment "opmE is an outer membrane factor protein that is part of the multidrug efflux pump MexPQ-OpmE." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-340" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-340 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexEF-OprN with MvaT deletion conferring resistance to chloramphenicol and norfloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "A deletion of MvaT results in the overexpression of MexEF-OprN conferring resistance to chloramphenicol and norfloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000798 .
obo:ARO_3001901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-39" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-39 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-93" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-93 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant rpoA" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme that is necessary for transcription. Mutations in rpoA gene confer antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-574" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-574." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007870 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "HER is a family of class A beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivation penam-type beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-731" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-731 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fleroxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fleroxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits the DNA supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, resulting in double-stranded DNA breaks and subsequent cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3008797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-26" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-26." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3006409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-24" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-24 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-20" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-20 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1069" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1069." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-72" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-72." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-20" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-20 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuG" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuG is a transposon-mediated lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase found in Enterococcus faecalis on Tn6260." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3002728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB14" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB14 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-6" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-6 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3008648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1238" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1238." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-9" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QepA2" ;
rdfs:comment "QepA2 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump found in an Escherichia coli isolate from France." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "berberine" ;
rdfs:comment "Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid shown to reduce MexXY-dependent antibiotic resistance of cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides and aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Achromobacter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3003652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-132" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-132 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(9)-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 9-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate spectinomycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 9-hydroxyl group, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000153 .
obo:ARO_3007013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sdrM" ;
rdfs:comment "sdrM encodes an efflux pump that confers resistance to norfloxacin and ethidium bromide, making this a multidrug resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of MdeA efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the MdeA efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3006184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-20" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-20 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3001934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-73" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-73 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-132" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-132." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-901" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-901 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigI mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigI mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004913 .
obo:ARO_3002063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-52" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-52 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pmrA" ;
rdfs:comment "PmrA is a MFS-type efflux pump expressed in Streptococcus pneumoniae that confers low-level resistance to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and acriflavine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-224" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-224." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA23" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA23 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3008622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1212" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1212." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3003050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SmeABC" ;
rdfs:comment "SmeABC is a multidrug resistance efflux pump that confers resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and fluoroquinolones in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strain type" ;
rdfs:comment "Strain type used for antibiotic susceptibility testing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3000837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "soxS" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxS is a global regulator that up-regulates the expression of AcrAB efflux genes. It also reduces OmpF expression to decrease cell membrane permeability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 .
obo:ARO_3009035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase RAA-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007876 .
obo:ARO_3000896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-26" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-26 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA3b" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistance to trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1072" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1072." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Marinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Four antitumor-antibiotics of a new structure class, the marinomycins A-D (1-4), were isolated from the saline culture of a new group of marine actinomycetes. The structures of the marinomycins are unusual macrodiolides composed of dimeric 2-hydroxy-6-alkenyl-benzoic acid lactones with conjugated tetraene-pentahydroxy polyketide chains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3000535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macB" ;
rdfs:comment "MacB is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that exports macrolides with 14- or 15- membered lactones. It forms an antibiotic efflux complex with MacA and TolC. macB corresponds to 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB55" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB55 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Raoultella terrigena." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-190" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-190." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-60" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-60 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-550" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-550." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Tapesia acuformis Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to flusilazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-192" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-192 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin vat acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "vat (Virginiamycin acetyltransferases) enzymes catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the secondary alcohol of streptogramin A compounds, thus inactivating virginiamycin-like antibiotics and conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000233 .
obo:ARO_3006105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-919" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-919 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-271" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-271 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae lamB with mutations conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam" ;
rdfs:comment "LamB is a maltoporin that negatively regulates antibiotic resistance. Knockout strains of lamB are shown to exhibit higher levels of resistance than wild-type strains. Mutations in the lamB gene of Klebsiella are associated with resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004279 .
obo:ARO_3009635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant Upc2" ;
rdfs:comment "UPC2 encodes a transcription factor that is a master regulator of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009424 .
obo:ARO_3007938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-175" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-175." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-21" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-21." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3008422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1001" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1001." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3002554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ig" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ig is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter haemolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceoB" ;
rdfs:comment "ceoB is a cytoplasmic membrane component of the CeoAB-OpcM efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-captopril" ;
rdfs:comment "D-captopril is an isomer of L-captopril and is able to chelate certain metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3001536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-349" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-349 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3005142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-44" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-44 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ORR-1 is a ORR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005430 .
obo:ARO_3007949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-186" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-186." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-89" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-89 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005830 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-609" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-609 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3009447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans MDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3005276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-284" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-284 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-260" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-260 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic targets are components of the bacterial or fungal cell. Bacterial targets are usually significantly different from their eukaryotic counterparts to allow for selective antibacterial activity. Exceptions include antibiotics that are converted to an active form inside the bacterium. Resistance mechanisms may modify these targets to protect bacteria or fungi from the effects of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3002842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vatC" ;
rdfs:comment "vatC is a plasmid-mediated acetyltransferase found in Staphylococcus cohnii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000453 .
obo:ARO_3000359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosfomycin phosphotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "In the presence of ATP and magnesium (II), fosfomycin gets phosphorylated at the phosphate group resulting in a diphosphate group which inactivates the antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000342 .
obo:ARO_3007994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-278" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-278." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-153" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-153 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB66" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB66 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2535c with mutation conferring resistance to clofazimine" ;
rdfs:comment "These pepQ/Rv2535c mutations increase efflux through the mmpL5-mmpS5 (Rv0676c-Rv0677c) transporter, such as preventing degradation of MmpL5, which leads to reduced susceptibility to bedaquiline and clofazimine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009334 .
obo:ARO_3007002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TTU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "TTU-1 is a TTU beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005454 .
obo:ARO_3004564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unclassified resistance-modifying agents" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance-modifying agent (RMA) without characterized mechanism which do not exhibit antibiotic activity on their own, but improve the performance of antibiotic drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000076 .
obo:ARO_3004313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli" ;
rdfs:comment "Any strain of E. coli that has tested resistant to one of the following carbapenem antibiotics: imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3008103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-30" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3002850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-5" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-5 is an integron-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3001707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-103" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-103 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3008518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1100" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1100." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3007405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(2'')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 2''-O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin, tobramycin & dibekacin by catalyzing the transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004276 .
obo:ARO_3002519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-6" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-6 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3006742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-371" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-371 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-89" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-89." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-208" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-208 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-137" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-137 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-116" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-116." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-366" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-366 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3006923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CMA-2 is a CMA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005397 .
obo:ARO_3006762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-392" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-392 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-447" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-447 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(9)-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(9)-Ia is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in L. pneumophila." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007416 .
obo:ARO_3006074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-882" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-882 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-124" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-124 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-11" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CSA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CSA-1 is a CSA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005401 .
obo:ARO_3001052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-192" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-192 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-73" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-73 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumonia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3000734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. Binding the beta-subunit is sufficient to inhibit DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000766 .
obo:ARO_3008937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-590" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-590." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3007238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.16" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bispicen" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental polypyridine ligand used as a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007133 .
obo:ARO_3004394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ATP bioluminescence assay" ;
rdfs:comment "Relies on the indirect measurement of microbe populations by quantifying microbial ATP production." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3004328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pipericillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has tested resistant (R) to at least one of the following: piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3002592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-Hangzhou" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib-Hangzhou is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3009082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-30" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3008842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-495" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-495." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-139" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-139." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Burkholderia dolosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Burkholderia gyrA that confer resistance to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3001449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-127" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-127 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-462" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-462 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BRO Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BRO is a class A beta-lactamase that is found in M.catarrhalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001950 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-90" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-90 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-658" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-658 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3006203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-78" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-78 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "POM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "POM-1 is a POM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005436 .
obo:ARO_3008749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-972" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-972." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfrE" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene cfr(E) is a cfr-like gene found in Clostridioides difficile isolate DF11. It confers resistance to antibiotics targeting to the 23s rRNA through hypermethylation of nucleotide A2503." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005022 .
obo:ARO_0001002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target replacement" ;
rdfs:comment "Replacement or substitution of antibiotic action target, which process will result in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3008331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-208" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-208." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB24" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB24 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB4" ;
rdfs:comment "A trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase characterized on a class I integron from an E. coli isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3007232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.27" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-9" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Pantoea agglomerans. This sequence and nomenclature has been superseded by ACT-143." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51C with mutations conferring resistance to myclobutanil" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-25" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-25 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-291" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-291 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3003392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "katG is a catalase-peroxidase that catalyzes the activation of isoniazid. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. Mutations in katG results in inability to activate isoniazid. Over 280 different mutations have been documented in PubMed for katG, with mutations to Ser315 being the most prevalent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003416 .
obo:ARO_3006643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-267" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-267 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-447" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-447 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.24" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Metconazole is a triazole antifungal used to control a range of fungal infections through its role as a sterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3009408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flusilazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Flusilazole is an organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which the hydrogens attached to the silicon are replaced by p-fluorophenyl groups and a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a broad-sepctrum fungicide used to protect a variety of crops. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, an EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14 alpha-demethylase) inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a member of monofluorobenzenes, a member of triazoles, and an organosilicon compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3004737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL-4" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL-4 is a beta-lactamase gene found in Staphylococcus arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004742 .
obo:ARO_3002779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB67" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB67 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1057" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-198 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1057." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007703 .
obo:ARO_3005357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-25" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-25 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_065419571.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MAC-0568743" ;
rdfs:comment "MAC-0568743 is an experimental compound that has been shown to increase the permeability of Gram-negative membranes and enhance the entry of large-scaffold antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3000853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AIM-1 is an Ambler class B beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes most beta-lactams except aztreonam and ceftazidime. It was isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was the first subclass B3 mobile-elements encoded beta-lactamase discovered." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004216 .
obo:ARO_3007564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pH-responsive transcription factors" ;
rdfs:comment "The pH-dependant transcription factors regulate the expression of antifungal resistance-conferring genes based on the pH of the environment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_0000064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3002176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-11" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3008988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A10" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3009207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS2 with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3004777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH-1 is a class C beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3008652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1242" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1242." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAM-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase PAM-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007198 .
obo:ARO_3005996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-796" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-796 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3004005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefprozil" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefprozil is a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. It selectively binds to PBPs and inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, a major cell wall component, resulting in cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3001033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-167" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-167 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA19" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA19 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-127" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-127 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-90" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-90 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive dihydrofolate reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydrofolate reductase synthesizes the co-enzyme tetrahydrofolic acid, which is also an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of the DNA nucleotide thymidine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000714 .
obo:ARO_3005525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-12" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-12 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3007542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclomarin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyclomarin B is a cyclomarin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007540 .
obo:ARO_3006546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-167" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-167 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pactamycin-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including pactamycin and its derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3008670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1260" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1258 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1260." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-3" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH-3 is a CMH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_0000005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "neomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Neomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3000164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ribosomal RNA methyltransferase conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases are a functional class of enzymes which catalyze the addition of S-adenosylmethionine to specific nucleotide bases in ribosomal RNA. The addition of a methyl group at select positions is associated with antibiotic resistance via antibiotic target protection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000519 .
obo:ARO_3003285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occurs in Staphylococcus aureus rpoB resulting in resistance to rifampicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3003797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis YybT with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "YybT has phosphodiesterase activity towards cyclic dinucleotides using a c-di-GMP hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase domain. Mutations to the gene confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003798 .
obo:ARO_3000999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-135" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-135 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-212" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-19" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-19 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3004856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SCO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from several Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Argentina, as well as E. Coli. Hydrolyzes penicillins at a high level and cephalosporins and carbapenems at a very low level." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004855 .
obo:ARO_3001119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-64" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-64 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-104" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-104 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "putative nickel/cobalt transporter" ;
rdfs:comment "Ectopic expression of NiCoT in Escherichia coli CS109 resulted in the increase of intracellular nickel uptake with enhanced tolerance towards several antibiotics when NiCoT was overexpressed in E. coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The presence of a sub-inhibitory dose of nickel resulted in the manifestation of low-level tolerance towards these drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007657 .
obo:ARO_3000344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EmrAB-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrAB-TolC is a multidrug efflux system found in E. coli. EmrB is the electrochemical-gradient powered transporter; EmrA is the linker; and TolC is the outer membrane channel. It confers resistance to nalidixic acid and thiolactomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-5" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-5 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3008999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A21" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A21." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3008738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-961" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-961." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3008529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1111" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1111." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3004827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-35" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-35 is a Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella variicola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006654 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-280" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-280 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "josamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis subsp. josamyceticus. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3007875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PNC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PNC is a family of extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivate cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3005037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-159" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-159 is an ADC beta-lactamase and a ambler class C beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hp1165" ;
rdfs:comment "Hp1165 is a homolog of the Clostridium perfringes tetP gene and is part of the MFS efflux family but is not considered a true tetracycline resistance gene. Hp1165 confers low level resistance to tetracycline, however cessation of antibiotic treatment results in the host cell reverting to susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic susceptible ERG11" ;
rdfs:comment "ERG11 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme in Candida species that is not functional when bound by azole antibiotics including fluconazole and itraconazole. However, high levels of ERG11 expression can overcome effective azole doses." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3005975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-771" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-771 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-13" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-13 is a FOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3006146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-24" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-24 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin D was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin D has a disaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin C. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3004808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-16" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-16 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3008519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1101" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1101." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3008306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-180" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-180." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs2 with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3005052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpsA" ;
rdfs:comment "LpsA plays a role in Lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis. LpsA confers resistance to polymyxin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005050 .
obo:ARO_3004537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "experimental control" ;
rdfs:comment "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the same strain with and without a resistance determinant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004536 .
obo:ARO_3004253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanU gene in vanG cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanUG, is a vanG variant found in the vanG gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000575 .
obo:ARO_3008178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-8" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-8." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3001360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-177" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-177 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-30" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-30 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114t" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114t is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3001479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-194" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-194 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-45" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-45 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3001893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-31" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-31 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-197" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-197." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metallophores with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "A metallophore is any organic substance capable of carrying a metallic element such as zinc or iron, typically through chelation. Some metallophores exhibit specific antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3001401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-6" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-6 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-5" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-5 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-286" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-286." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma genitalium 23S rRNA mutations confers resistance to fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycoplasma genitalium strain M6320 contains mutations that lead to resistance to fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3008663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1253" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1253." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BJP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BJP beta-lactamases are a subclass B3 family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3002559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ip" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ip is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in C. freundii, E. coli, E. faecium and Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3002255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-16" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-16 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_0000053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bleomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Bleomycin is a family of glycopeptide antibiotics produced by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycins, taken as a mixture, act by the induction of DNA and RNA strand breaks. In addition to its antibacterial activity, bleomycin is also used as an anticancer agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 , obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3001231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "celesticetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces caelestis, which also produces the macrolide niddamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000017 .
obo:ARO_3009515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyricularia pennisetigena Cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-147" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-147 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AFM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "AFM-1 is a AFM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005388 .
obo:ARO_3000580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Sao Paulo metallo-beta-lactamase (SPM-1) confers resistance to carbapenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3001102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-44" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-44 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3002932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSB, is a vanS variant found in the vanB gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3005460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC beta-lactamases pending classification for carbapenemase activity" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC beta-lactamases with undetermined carbapenemase activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005459 .
obo:ARO_3000901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-31" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-31 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans CDR2 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009441 .
obo:ARO_3001385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-208" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-208 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009321 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal cytoskeleton targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-tubulin is a target for benzimidazole compounds when treating against fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3006165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-36" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-36 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-219" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-219 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-23" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-23 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3000176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dirithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dirithromycin is an oxazine derivative of erythromycin, sharing the 14-carbon macrolide ring. The antibiotic binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3000784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmeB" ;
rdfs:comment "CmeB is the inner membrane transporter the CmeABC multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-12-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-12-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lefamulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lefamulin is a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin compound highly active against multi-resistant pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000670 .
obo:ARO_3007401 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(9)-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-borne ANT(9)-I variant identified from Enterococcus faecalis. ANT(9)-Ib confers resistance to spectinomycin through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007400 .
obo:ARO_3005342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-653" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-653 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-24 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3000382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azidamfenicol" ;
rdfs:comment "Azidamfenicol is a water soluble derivative of chloramphenicol, sharing the same mode of action of inhibiting peptide synthesis by interacting with the 23S RNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000387 .
obo:ARO_3005659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-236" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-236 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1249" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1249." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dragmacidin F" ;
rdfs:comment "Spongosorites has yielded a bis-indole alkaloid which we have named dragmacidin G. Dragmacidin G is the first in this series of compounds to have a pyrazine ring linking the two indole rings. It also has a rare N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-guanidine side chain. Dragmacidin G shows a broad spectrum of biological activity including inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007773 .
obo:ARO_3005817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-596" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-596 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3004038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa emrE" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrE is a small multidrug transporter that functions as a homodimer and that couples the efflux of small polyaromatic cations from the cell with the import of protons down an electrochemical gradient. Confers resistance to tetraphenylphosphonium, methyl viologen, gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000264 .
obo:ARO_3003606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-450" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-450 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.24" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-12" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-12 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3008411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-66" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-66." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-172" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-172 is a beta-lactamase. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3001124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-70" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-70 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtD" ;
rdfs:comment "RmtD is a 16S rRNA methyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which methylates G1405 of the 16S rRNA. It confers high level resistance to many aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3000629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacitracin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacitracin A is the primary component of bacitracin. It contains many uncommon amino acids and interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000041 .
obo:ARO_3008028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-318" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-318." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-30" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "murA or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase catalyses the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and is inhibited by fosfomycin. Overexpression of murA through mutations such as Asp369Asn and Leu370Ile confers fosfomycin resistance. Extensive evidence has shown the significance of C115 mutations in conferring fosfomycin resistance since this residue represents a primary binding site for the antibiotic across many species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002811 .
obo:ARO_3004907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mmaA3" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in mmaA3 which decreases effective functioning of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacitracin sensitive isoprenyl pyrophosphate" ;
rdfs:comment "Isoprepnyl pyrophosphate removes a phosphate group that is added from the peptidoglycan subunit to permit its transfer across the cell membrane. The phosphate group must be removed before its incorporation into peptidoglycan macromolecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3002373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-4" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3004425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CO2 supplemented medium" ;
rdfs:comment "Incubation atmosphere supplemented with CO2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004418 .
obo:ARO_3001236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "efrotomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Efrotomycin is produced by Streptomyces lactamodurans NRRL 3802. This kirromycin-like antibiotic is used in animal agriculture, especially in the production of swine. Generally gram negative bacteria are susceptible to efrotomycin, while gram positive bacteria are resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3006582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-203" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-203 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(9)" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000218 .
obo:ARO_3009574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "combination of variant types" ;
rdfs:comment "A combination of variant types." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3002861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA5" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA5 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-124" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-124 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-128" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-128 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-134" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-134 is an inhibitor-resistant KPC-2 variant which confers resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-692" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-692 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA30" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3008495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1077" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1077." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.26" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rm3" ;
rdfs:comment "Rm3 is a class B3 metallo-beta-lactamase isolated from a metagenomic soil sample in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, shown to confer resistance to clinically used penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004225 .
obo:ARO_3009277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cytochrome b with mutations conferring resistance to picoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain fungicides like strobilurins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3001170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-123" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-123 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "These enzymes were named for their greater activity against cefotaxime than other oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates (eg, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, or cefepime). Rather than arising by mutation, they represent examples of plasmid acquisition of beta-lactamase genes normally found on the chromosome of Kluyvera species, a group of rarely pathogenic commensal organisms. These enzymes are not very closely related to TEM or SHV beta-lactamases in that they show only approximately 40% identity with these two commonly isolated beta-lactamases. Despite their name, a few are more active on ceftazidime than cefotaxime. CTX-M-15 was recently found in bacterial strains expressing NDM-1 and were responsible for resistance to aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005880 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-669" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-669 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007713 .
obo:ARO_3004302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "susceptible antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "A bacterial strain is said to be susceptible to a given antibiotic when it is inhibited in vitro by a concentration of a drug that is associated with a high likelihood of therapeutic success." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004440 .
obo:ARO_3008442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1021" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1021." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-614" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-614 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3003325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis embB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis embB gene resulting in resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000235 .
obo:ARO_3002815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clbB" ;
rdfs:comment "clbB is a plasmid-encoded cfr gene found in Bacillus brevis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004609 .
obo:ARO_3004419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chromogenic cephalosporinase test" ;
rdfs:comment "Assay for beta lactamase detection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004396 .
obo:ARO_3000773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CmeABC" ;
rdfs:comment "CmeABC is a multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni. Its overexpression led to enhanced resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, fusidic acid, and erythromycin. CmeA acts as the periplasmic fusion protein, CmeB is the inner membrane transporter, and CmeC is an outer membrane protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3007210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nocardia farcinica rox" ;
rdfs:comment "Nocardia farcinica rox is a rifampin monooxygenase that inactivates rifampin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000445 .
obo:ARO_3005164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA35" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA35 is a trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase gene found in the lncC plasmid pEc158 from E.coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3006102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-916" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-916 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-50" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase kpc-50 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_171476788.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA8b" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA8b is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids in E. coli; can be created by a recombination event between aadA1 and aadA2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3006598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-21b" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-21b is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LMB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LMB-1 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase that confers resistance to penams, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005017 .
obo:ARO_3004118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vibrio cholerae OmpT" ;
rdfs:comment "A ToxR negatively regulated outer membrane porin. In Vibrio cholerae, ToxR controls resistance to P2 (a BPI-derived antimicrobial peptide) by regulating the production of OmpT, especially in the absence of OmpU." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004282 .
obo:ARO_3008033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-323" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-323." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Linezolid-resistant MRSA" ;
rdfs:comment "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has additionally tested resistant to the antibiotic drug linezolid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004306 .
obo:ARO_3005608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-185" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-185 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "botrytis cinerea beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance against diethofencarb" ;
rdfs:comment "Diethofencarb is a member of the carbamate pesticide class that targets beta tubulin within the cellular cytoskeleton of fungi. Mutations within beta-tubulin genes can confer resistance against carbamates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009325 .
obo:ARO_3005953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-749" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-749 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-28" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-8.3" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-8-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-998" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-998." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3001382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-205" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-205 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-390" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-390 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-461" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-461 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PLN beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Pedobacter lusitanus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3008092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-17" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-252" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-252 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-225" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-225 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-72" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-72 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-601" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-601." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-486" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-486." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-177" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-177 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusH" ;
rdfs:comment "fusH is a highly specific fusidic acid esterase found in Streptomyces lividans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003025 .
obo:ARO_3001417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-22" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-22 is a beta-lactamase found in Ralstonia pickettii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3001546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-359" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-359 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3001796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-50" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It confers decreased susceptibility to ampicillin and ticarcillin and, interestingly, to moxalactam and meropenem in P. aeruginosa but not in E. coli. Also confers resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and cephalotin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-140" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-140 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotic by metallo-beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Mechanism of enzymatic degradation common to Ambler Class B beta-lactamases. One or two zinc atoms are used to orient a hydroxide nucleophile for attack of the beta-lactam ring. In contrast to serine beta-lactamases, no acyl-enzyme intermediate is formed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000040 .
obo:ARO_3002906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Van ligase" ;
rdfs:comment "Van ligases synthesize alternative substrates for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduce vancomycin binding affinity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3005920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-713" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-713 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-905" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-905 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tartrolon D" ;
rdfs:comment "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007786 .
obo:ARO_3008507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1089" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1089." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LAQ-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LAQ-1 beta lactamase is a class C beta lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007441 .
obo:ARO_3002910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanL" ;
rdfs:comment "VanL is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Ser, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity in Enterococcus faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002979 .
obo:ARO_3006934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-31" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-31 is a LEN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3002183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-2" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3001164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-115" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-115 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Acinetobacter baumannii AbuO" ;
rdfs:comment "AbuO is akin to the TolC outer membrane efflux protein. Deletion in A. baumannii results in increased susceptibility to antibiotics including amikacin, carbenicillin, ceftriaxone, meropenem, streptomycin, and tigecycline as well as disinfectants benzyalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 , obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000121 .
obo:ARO_3005459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC beta-lactamases, also known as AmpC beta-lactamases, are cephalosporinases with extended-spectrum resistance to cephalosporins and may or may not cause resistance to carbapenems. ADC beta-lactamases are found in Acinetobacter sp. and Oligella urethralis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3009458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus MFS1 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3003807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli AcrR with mutation associated with multidrug resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrR is a regulator and repressor of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux complex in Escherichia coli. Certain mutations in AcrR are associated with increased tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance, among others, by deregulating the efflux activity of AcrAB-TolC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000702 .
obo:ARO_3009205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus terreus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin" ;
rdfs:comment "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3004168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium kansasii 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycobacterium kansasii shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3003924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Haemophilus parainfluenzae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Haemophilus parainfluenzae gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and GyrA. Thus, conferring resistance. Both Ser and Tyr are hydrophilic amino acids, however Tyr has an additional bulky hydrophobic group which could affect the interaction between the DNA gyrase with quinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3000096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-LEN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A grouping of the related SHV and LEN beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1040" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-24 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1040." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3002640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3'')-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3'')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007414 .
obo:ARO_3006027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-830" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-830 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-386" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-386 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "doripenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Doripenem is a carbapenem with a broad range of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and along with meropenem, it is the most active beta-lactam antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3000890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-19" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-19 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bartonella bacilliformis gyrB conferring resistance to aminocoumarin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Bartonella bacilliformis resulting in aminocoumarin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000479 .
obo:ARO_3003421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "Catalyzes the transfer of a lysyl group from L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys) to membrane-bound phosphatidylglycerol (PG), which produces lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG), a major component of the bacterial membrane with a positive net charge. LPG synthesis contributes to bacterial virulence as it is involved in the resistance mechanism against cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) produces by the host's immune system (defensins, cathelicidins) and by the competing microorganisms (bacteriocins)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 .
obo:ARO_3009013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A34" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A34." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3002168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-2" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-2 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3008357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-241" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-241." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. GyrA point mutations confer resistance by preventing fluoroquinolone antibiotics from binding the alpha-subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000273 , obo:ARO_3000452 .
obo:ARO_3003703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexMN-OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "MexMN-OprM is a multidrug efflux pump expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexM is the membrane fusion protein; MexN is the inner membrane transporter; and OprM is the outer membrane channel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3005557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-9" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-9 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3001363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-181" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-181 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GMA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GMA is a family of class A beta-lactamases which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-348" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-348 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1007" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1007." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella gallinarum folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Salmonella gallinarum dihydropteroate synthase folP altered the stability of the protein, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003415 .
obo:ARO_3004681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile rpoC with mutation conferring resistance to vancomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the rpoC region of Clostridioides difficile which confer resistance to vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004725 .
obo:ARO_3004755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BIL-1 is a plasmid-borne beta-lactamase that is also a class C beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004754 .
obo:ARO_3005958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-754" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-754 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SED-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SED-1 is a chromosomal-encoded class A beta-lactamase identified in Citrobacter sedlakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007880 .
obo:ARO_3004408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Omron" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific vendor of automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility based in Japan. Omron is the developer of the MicroScan automated testing platform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004404 .
obo:ARO_3008271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-145" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-145." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pyogenes PBP2x conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP2x is a penicillin-binding protein and beta-lactam resistance enzyme. Mutations can cause resistance to some beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3004591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(55)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3002233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-42" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-42 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-62" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-62 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-37" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-37 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005910 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-703" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-703 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-VIII" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate neomycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3002999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CblA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CblA-1 beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in Bacteroides uniformis that is species-specific." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002998 .
obo:ARO_3000273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrA" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in gyrA confer antibiotic resistance by preventing drugs from binding the alpha-subunit of gyrase, essential for DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000370 .
obo:ARO_3006666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-296" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-296 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrY" ;
rdfs:comment "emrY is a multidrug transport that moves substrates across the inner membrane of the Gram-negative E. coli. It is a homolog of emrB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-507" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-507." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-50-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-50." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3003043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pneumoniae PBP2x conferring resistance to amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP2x is a penicillin-binding protein found in Streptococcus pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3006560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-180" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-180 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-9" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000848 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DIM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Dutch imipenemase or DIM-1 is an integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas stutzeri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004208 .
obo:ARO_3008781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-17" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-6" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-28" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-28 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-214" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-214 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaR1" ;
rdfs:comment "blaR1 is a transmembrane spanning and signal transducing protein which in response to interaction with beta-lactam antibiotics results in upregulation of the blaZ/blaR1/blaI operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000100 .
obo:ARO_3005380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-51" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase kpc-51 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_158208923.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)" ;
rdfs:comment "The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) is a US public health surveillance system that tracks antimicrobial resistance in foodborne and other enteric bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007194 .
obo:ARO_3005591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-168" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-168 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr5 with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of a type of efflux pump. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3002034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-23" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-23 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-407" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-407 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-13" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-13 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces roseochromogenus subsp. oscitans clorobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Clorobiocin is produced by a biosynthetic cluster in Streptomyces roseochromogenus subsp. oscitans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000532 .
obo:ARO_3000333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH)" ;
rdfs:comment "Macrolide phosphotransferases (MPH) are enzymes encoded by macrolide phosphotransferase genes (mph genes). These enzymes phosphorylate macrolides in GTP dependent manner at 2'-OH of desosamine sugar thereby inactivating them. Characterized MPH's are differentiated based on their substrate specificity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000201 .
obo:ARO_3006675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-304" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-304 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3008764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-987" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-987." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-30" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-30 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-431" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-431 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-101" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-101 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB73" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB73 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv0191" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the gene can contribute to antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-52" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-52 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-179" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-179 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-50" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-50 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-3" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-3 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-253" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-253." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "furazidin" ;
rdfs:comment "Furazidin is a nitrofuran derivative, acting as an antibacterial medicine with bacteriostatic action. It is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used for the treatment of urinary tract, skin, and soft tissues infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004116 .
obo:ARO_3002723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB9" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB9 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv1667" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv1667 gene can contribute or confer resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3006528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-150" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-150 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-154" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-154." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile cplR" ;
rdfs:comment "CplR is an ABC-F ATPase ribosomal protection protein from Clostridioides difficile which confers resistance to pleuromutilins and lincosamides. Its resistance to these antibiotics increases in synergy with erythromcyin resistance methylases (e.g., ermB)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3001882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-20" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-20 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1182" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-143 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1182." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3003545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to neomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsB gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to neomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3005079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-2 is an extended spectrum class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family It is described by Kadlec et al." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3003984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BahA" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacitracin amidohydrolase found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, an isolated strain of Paenibacillus from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance by bacitracin inactivation through amidohydrolysis. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004260 .
obo:ARO_3006138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-9" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-9 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3009284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal-resistant dhfr" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme integral to nucleotide and protein synthesis for eukaryotic life inclusive of fungi. This enzyme is targeted by certain drugs to to halt nucleotide synthesis and killing the target eukaryotic cell. Some of these drugs are useful against fungal infections, but mutations to this gene can lead to resistance against such intervention." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis inbR mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in inbR that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004899 .
obo:ARO_3008600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1184" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1184." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3006681 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-310" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-310 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmU" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmU is a methyltransferase found in the lincomycin producer Streptomyces lincolnensis. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. Specifically, this enzyme transfers only one methyl group. The gene is found in the lincomycin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3009425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal MDR" ;
rdfs:comment "MDR1 is a transporter belonging to the MFS class in fungi, often regulated by the MRR transcription factor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3009504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003859 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-15" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-15 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3005631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-208" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-208 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catA8" ;
rdfs:comment "catA8 is a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase that confers resistance to chloramphenicol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3004502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.2" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin resistance gene variant identified in Moraxella isolated from pigs in Great Britain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MSI-OXA family beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Members of the MSI-OXA family are class D beta-lactamases that encompass hybrids of MSI-1 and putative OXA homologues." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3001543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-356" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-356 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3009024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-B2" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-B2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007874 .
obo:ARO_3007166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orthosomycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Orthosomycins are a group of experimental/veterinary orthoester and oligosaccharide antibiotics that target the 70s ribosomal subunit. They are generally no longer considered potential clinical antibiotics, but continue to be used in livestock feed and for experimental purposes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-104" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-104 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotic by serine beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Mechanism of enzymatic degradation common to Ambler Class A, C and D beta-lactamases. A serine residue located in the active site is used to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate and subsequent hydrolysis renders the beta-lactam inactive." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000040 .
obo:ARO_3000811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mtrD" ;
rdfs:comment "MtrD is the inner membrane multidrug transporter of the MtrCDE efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-562" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-562." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biocurator" ;
rdfs:comment "A biocurator is a scientist who extracts, interprets, synthesizes and archives data from a variety of sources, including literature, genomes, online materials and author provided biological data, to standardize this data and make it machine readable, more discoverable and accessible to the public. Reproduced from the International Society for Biocuration: https://www.biocuration.org/community/biocuration-generic-job-description/." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3005298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-293" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-293 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-979" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-979." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3006486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-108" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-108 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-631" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-631 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3009308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flutriafol" ;
rdfs:comment "1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol (flutriafol) is a triazole antifungal used as a fungicide in agricultural applications." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3009162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ravuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "This compound is a small molecule antifungal drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II. The compound inhibits 14a demethylase, an enzyme involved in sterol synthesis, resulting in lysis of the fungal cell wall and fungal cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3001048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-188" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-188 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007621 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin F" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3008934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-587" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-587." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexXY-OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "MexXY-OprM is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexY is the membrane fusion protein; MexX is the RND-type membrane protein; and OprM is the outer membrane channel. MexXY-OprM is associated with resistance to acriflavine, erythromycin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. The efflux system may also be involved in acquisition of higher resistance, in particular when bacteria are repeatedly exposed to subinhibitory doses of AGs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3006996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SPR-1 is a SPR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005448 .
obo:ARO_3007035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracenomycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracenomycin C is a tetracenomycin antibiotic, a methyl ester and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007034 .
obo:ARO_3008312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-186" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-186." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-817" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-817 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3002912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanN" ;
rdfs:comment "VanN is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Ser, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity in Enterococcus faecium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002979 .
obo:ARO_3001388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-211" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-211 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-948" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-948 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3009313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible ERG11 lanosterol-14-alpha-demethylase" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, ERG11 is a gene within the CYP51 family of P450 genes. It encodes for 14 - alpha - demethylase which is an essential enzyme in the ergosterol synthesis pathway. For many fungi, ergosterol is a vital component of the cell membrane and disrupting ergosterol synthesis can halt fungal growth or even kill the fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009195 .
obo:ARO_3004723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gradient plate method" ;
rdfs:comment "A method to determine microbial susceptibility to antibiotics in which test bacteria is inoculated onto an agar plate that contains a concentration gradient of antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic is assessed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3000182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(Y)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetY is a tetracycline efflux pump found in Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas and Escherichia). It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "erm(40)" ;
rdfs:comment "erm(40) is an adenine RNA methylase and confers intrinsic resistance in Mycobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-299" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-299 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-252" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-252." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-198" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-198 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-36" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-36 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3002746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB31" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB31 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-344" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-344 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-811" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-811 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARL-6" ;
rdfs:comment "ARL-6 is a beta-lactamase gene found in Staphylococcus arlettae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004742 .
obo:ARO_3000034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nucleoside antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-160" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-160 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norvancomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Norvancomycin differs from vancomycin by a single methyl group and is typically used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ventriculitis in patients." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3009563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "allylamine resistant fungal TAC1" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009240 .
obo:ARO_3001027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-161" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name TEM-161 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphL" ;
rdfs:comment "mphL is a chromosomally-encoded macrolide phosphotransferases that inactivate 14- and 15-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3003112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lsaC" ;
rdfs:comment "LsaC is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in Streptococcus agalactiae. It confers resistance to lincomycin, clindamycin, dalfopristin, and tiamulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004472 .
obo:ARO_3002082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-69" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-69 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethionamide resistant mshC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in mshC which is involved in the third step of mycothiol biosynthesis. It catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of GlcN-Ins and L-cysteine to form L-Cys-GlcN-Ins. The gene exhibits resistance to ethionamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004889 .
obo:ARO_3004911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant nudC" ;
rdfs:comment "nudC is a NADH pyrophosphatase that is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Mutations that occur on the nudC gene resulting in the inability for isoniazid to function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004891 .
obo:ARO_3000938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-72" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-72 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-140" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-140." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-200" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-200 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-72" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-72 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3002301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-31" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-31 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-62" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-62 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-106" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-106 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadK" ;
rdfs:comment "aadK is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in B. subtilis and Bacillus spp. This enzyme confers low-level resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007399 .
obo:ARO_3000864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in resistance to fluoroquinolones." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000220 , obo:ARO_3000452 .
obo:ARO_2000000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "confers_resistance_to_antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A relationship ontology term in which the subject (usually an enzyme, protein or other gene product) confers or contributes to clinically relevant resistance to a specific antibiotic drug. An entity is resistant to a chemical compound if and only if x is a pathogen and y is an antibiotic, and the fitness of that pathogen is not decreased when exposed to that antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:NCIT_C189957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene copy number variant detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The gene has been detected in the query more than once. Paraphrased from the NCI Thesaurus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3005337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-647" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-647 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-134 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3002457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-7" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3005778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-554" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-554 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aphA15" ;
rdfs:comment "Expression of cloned aphA15 gene in Escherichia coli reduced the susceptibility to kanamycin and neomycin, as well as to amikacin, netilmicin, and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007406 .
obo:ARO_3005417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "KLUC beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Kluyvera cryocrescens, Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vga(E) Staphylococcus cohnii" ;
rdfs:comment "vga(E) gene variant that confers resistance to pleuromutilins, lincosamides and streptogramin A antibiotics in staphylococci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000113 .
obo:ARO_3004091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')-IIc" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(3'')-IIc is a aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase identified in Acinetobacter spp. via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004275 .
obo:ARO_3003199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iak" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iak is a 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-encoding gene isolated from a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3002576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib3" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib3 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-75" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phloretin" ;
rdfs:comment "Phloretin is a plant-derived phenol that is able to inhibit the antibiotic efflux pump NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3007956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-193" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-193." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-643" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-643 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3001140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-86" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-86 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARD Bait Capture Platform" ;
rdfs:comment "A robust, reliable, and frequently updated targeted bait capture method for metagenomic detection of antibiotic resistance determinants in complex samples. Synthesis and enrichment protocols, plus bait sequences are available for download at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3005293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-380" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-380 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002420 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1309" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1309." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-110" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-110 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus menA with mutation conferring resistance to lysocin" ;
rdfs:comment "menA encodes a 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate octaprenyltransferase, with mutations to the protein conferring resistance to lysocin E." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004265 .
obo:ARO_3001406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-11" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-11 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3002945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanF cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanHF, is a vanH variant in the vanF gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3006179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-15" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-15 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3003714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEDO-2" ;
rdfs:comment "PEDO-2 is a subclass B3 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Pedobacter borealis exhibiting carbapenem resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004220 .
obo:ARO_3002418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ASU1-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase ASU1-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007863 .
obo:ARO_3001945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-84" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-84 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-356" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-356." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible Tac1" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters. Mutations to Tac1 can result in resistance against azole drugs. These types of mutations are noted to cause a loss of heterozygosity in TAC1 through mitotic recombination of the left arm of Chromosome 5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009363 .
obo:ARO_3009262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs1 with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3000882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-10" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-10 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase round in Morganella morganii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vph" ;
rdfs:comment "vph is a phosphotransferase that confers resistance to viomycin in Streptomyces vinaceus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004261 .
obo:ARO_3004107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa soxR" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxR is a redox-sensitive transcriptional activator that induces expression of a small regulon that includes the RND efflux pump-encoding operon mexGHI-opmD. SoxR was shown to be activated by pyocyanin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000836 .
obo:ARO_3004548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA9" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene identified from porcine isolates of Esherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-9" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-187" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-187 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole resistant fungal C-5 sterol desaturase" ;
rdfs:comment "C-5 sterol desaturase is encoded by ERG3 and is an ER-membrane localized enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol, as part of the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. Under normal physiological conditions, Erg3 plays an essential role in channeling sterol intermediates toward ergosterol, the primary sterol of fungal membranes that maintains membrane fluidity, integrity, and the function of membrane-associated proteins. When azoles inhibit Erg11, toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates accumulate, and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are directly membrane-toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by compromising this toxic conversion, allowing the cell to persist under drug pressure despite being unable to synthesize ergosterol normally." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009623 .
obo:ARO_3003527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Pasteurella multocida 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3007770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aac(6')-Ib-cr10" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant, identified from Escherichia coli. These variants confers resistance to both aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3003188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB76" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB76 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ahpC mutations confer resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in ahpC that result in ahpC overexpression thus conferring or contributing to resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004894 .
obo:ARO_3002804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA2" ;
rdfs:comment "An enzyme that confers resistance to fosfomycin in Enterobacter cloacae by breaking the epoxide ring of the molecule. It depends on the cofactors Manganese (II) and Potassium and uses Glutathione (GSH) as the nucleophilic molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3004788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3008189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-62" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase GES-62." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3003977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Halobacterium salinarum 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to pactamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Halobacterium 16S rRNA that confer resistance to pactamycin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003976 .
obo:ARO_3006116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-935" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-935 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3001644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-113" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-113 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFDC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase SFDC-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007881 .
obo:ARO_3003021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB2" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrB2 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in an uncultured bacterium from a wastewater treatment plant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-59" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-59 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-673" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-673 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-286 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3005406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "EC beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3007528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gallic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Gallic acid was found to enhance sulfonamides against multidrug-resistant S. suis. Gallic acid effectively disrupts the integrity and function of the cytoplasmic membrane by dissipating the proton motive force of bacteria. It regulates the expression of dihydrofolate reductase, which then inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis. As a result of polypharmacology, gallic acid can fully restore sulfadiazine sodium activity in the animal infection model without any drug resistances." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3000826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sdiA" ;
rdfs:comment "SdiA is a cell division regulator that is also a positive regulator of AcrAB only when it's expressed from a plasmid. When the sdiA gene is on the chromosome, it has no effect on expression of acrAB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3003888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-82" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-82 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3003126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-433" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-433 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin sensitive parE" ;
rdfs:comment "Subunit of the topoisomerase IV sensitive to aminocoumarins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003259 .
obo:ARO_3005287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-285" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-285 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SPR beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases found in Serratia proteamaculans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3005653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-230" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-230 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin-resistant cysB" ;
rdfs:comment "Positive regulator of gene expression in the cysteine regulon. cysB mutants confer resistance to novobiocin, an aminocoumarin antibiotic, in Escherichia coli. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-175" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-175 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nifuroxazide" ;
rdfs:comment "Nifuroxazide is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic used to treat colitis and diarrhea in humans and non-humans. It has recently been explored to be repurposed for parasitic diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004116 .
obo:ARO_3006475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-17" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-17 is a FOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3007584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3008604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1188" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1188." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-196" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-196 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Mdr2 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for an MFS family of efflux pumps in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3008525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1107" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1107." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3003448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA resulting in resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003447 .
obo:ARO_3006292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-114" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-114 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-302" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-302." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_0000060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftazidime" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3005194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-154" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-154 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-238" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-238 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-119" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-119 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-210" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "PAM-2 is a member of the PAM family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases found in members of the Pseudomonas genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007198 .
obo:ARO_3006213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-17" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-17 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3000568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B1 (metallo-) beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 possess a binuclear active site. Within this active site can be either one or two Zn(II) ions. This subclass is able to hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. This is the most clinically relevant subclass of MBLs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000004 .
obo:ARO_3008470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1051" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-679 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1051." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3008239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-109" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-109." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase folP" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000226 .
obo:ARO_3000749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactam sensitive penicillin-binding protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are responsible for transpeptidation, joining subunits to form peptidoglycan. They are numbered according to descending molecular weight, and may vary between species. These numbers represent the PBPs of E. coli. Inhibition of the larger PBPs responsible for transpeptidation (1-3) are lethal. Smaller PBPs (4-6) are involed in carboxypeptidation; inhibition of these is non-lethal." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3008279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-153" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-153." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-100" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-100 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophore antibiotics produced by Actinosporangium and Streptomyces. The mechanism of their antimicrobial activity consists in depolarization of bacterial membrane, leading to the suppression of bacterial bioenergetics through the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3003173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-17" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3006670 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-30" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-30 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-789" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-789 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007716 .
obo:ARO_3006270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-76" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-76 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.9" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 polymyxin (incl. colistin) resistance gene variant isolated from an Aeromonas isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1294" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50-var family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1294." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CGA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CGA is a class A beta-lactamase family that is found in Chryseobacterium gleum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "risedronate" ;
rdfs:comment "Risedronate is a bisphosphonate used as an oral medication to treat osteoperosis and Paget's disease of bone. It has been shown to inhibit the action of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007134 .
obo:ARO_1000001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. It is a specific type of drug resistance." .
obo:ARO_3007666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. cyp51A1 with mutations conferring resistance to triazoles and imidazole antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Candida spp. cyp51A1 is a fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme with mutations in the gene causing triazole and imidazole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007523 , obo:ARO_3007667 .
obo:ARO_3008545 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1127" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1127." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. pleiotropic drug resistance factor 1" ;
rdfs:comment "PDR1 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of several genes encoding ABC transporters, contributing to multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007552 .
obo:ARO_3004647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AQU-2" ;
rdfs:comment "AQU-2 is a chromosomally-encoded AQU class C beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Aeromonas." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002992 .
obo:ARO_3005806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-585" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-585 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3000795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtE" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtE is the membrane fusion protein of the MdtEF multidrug efflux complex. It shares 70% sequence similarity with AcrA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-1a" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-1a is a ACC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001815 .
obo:ARO_3003690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sitafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone active against multi-resistant Gram-positive and negative pathogens. Sitafloxacin shows inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which blocks bacterial DNA replication, thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3006541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-162" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-162 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-526" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-526 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "albendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Albendazole is a compound used in the treatment of parasitic worm infestations. It has been shown to exhibit antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli by inhibiting MurA (MurZ), thereby disrupting cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007163 .
obo:ARO_3006650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-276" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-276 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.5" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-4 variant and colistin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tunicamycin resistance protein" ;
rdfs:comment "A grouping of tunicamycin resistance proteins that are homologous to tmrB found in Bacillus subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3009140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ReSeqTB" ;
rdfs:comment "The Relational Sequencing Tuberculosis Data platform (ReSeqTB) is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis AMR mutation catalog published in 2018. Mutation data acquired from the ReSeqTB catalog are evaluated as conferring resistance (Minimal, Moderate, High), not conferring resistance (None), or Indeterminate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009139 .
obo:ARO_3000150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "coumermycin A1" ;
rdfs:comment "Coumermycin A1 is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces rishiriensis, and binds DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3007131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "boronic acid beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of serine beta-lactamase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007128 .
obo:ARO_3007805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA mutations conferring resistance to capreomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA resulting in resistance to capreomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003443 .
obo:ARO_3003133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-125" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-125 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-157" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-157 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-Vc" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-Vc is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in M. chalcea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007411 .
obo:ARO_3006959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORN-3" ;
rdfs:comment "ORN-3 is a ORN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005429 .
obo:ARO_3000833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "evgS" ;
rdfs:comment "EvgS is a sensor protein that phosphorylates the regulatory protein EvgA. evgS corresponds to 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3008599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1183" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1183." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3005399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRH beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CRH beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Chromobacterium haemolyticum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB19" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB19 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin F3" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3002763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB48" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB48 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol" ;
rdfs:comment "2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was originally isolated from a fluorescent Pseudomonas strain. DAPG is active against numerous organisms, including plants, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes, and production or increased production of DAPG has been associated with enhanced activity against plant pathogens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005171 .
obo:ARO_3008226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IND-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3001990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-131" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-131 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-216" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-216 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-15" ;
rdfs:comment "New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-15 variant of NDM-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3006919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA4" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA4 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3006078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-886" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-886 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-8" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-8." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3007934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-171" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-171." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1227" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-62 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1227." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3002431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-14" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3006504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-128" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-128 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-620" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-620 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3000738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "deoxyribonucleic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotics can target DNA to cause strand breaks or prevent transcription. The activity of these antibiotics can be context dependent: some antibiotics are converted to an active form only in certain species, while others target DNA as it is being transcribed." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000713 .
obo:ARO_3001781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-47" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-47 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3005633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-210" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-210 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1058" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1058." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mfpA" ;
rdfs:comment "mfpA is a qnr homolog and a pentapeptide repeat protein that confers resistance to fluoroquinolones in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.8" ;
rdfs:comment "An unpublished MCR-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3006517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-140" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-140 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-236" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-236 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3009531 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Phakospora pachyrhizi Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-III" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, butirosin and lividomycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3008305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-179" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-179." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRH-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CRH-1 is a CRH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005399 .
obo:ARO_3008514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1096" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1096." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis embR mutant conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the M.tuberculosis embR results in increased resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003454 .
obo:ARO_3004636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qnrE1" ;
rdfs:comment "qnrE1 is a member of the qnrE family of plasmid-borne (fluoro)quinolone-resistance genes, with chromosomal origins from Enterobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-32" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-32 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vitek System" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility developed by bioMérieux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004398 .
obo:ARO_3006255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-60" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-60 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-12" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-12 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3006589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-211" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-211 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanO cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanHO, is a vanH variant in the vanO gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3001997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-139" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-139 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase" ;
rdfs:comment "Stabilizes the C-P bond in phosphonopyruvate formed by phophoenolpyruvate mutase by catalyzing the self-removal of the carboxyl group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3008611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1199" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1199." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-539" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-539." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-6-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-20" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-20 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrA" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrA is a membrane fusion protein, providing an efflux pathway with EmrB and TolC between the inner and outer membranes of E. coli, a Gram-negative bacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-72" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-72 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein(s) conferring antibiotic resistance via molecular bypass" ;
rdfs:comment "Proteins involved in restructuring of the cell wall, causing antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3005146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-49" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-49 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexVW" ;
rdfs:comment "MexVW is a multidrug efflux pump complex composed of MexV and MexW as its main components. This system operates as a central transport mechanism, associating with outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and toxic compounds, thereby playing a role in multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimK" ;
rdfs:comment "nimK is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3007395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate amikacin and tobramycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3009552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluopyram" ;
rdfs:comment "Fluopyram has a role as an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009539 .
obo:ARO_3001135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-81" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-81 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene modulating azole resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Genes that directly or indirectly modulate azole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3005931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-726" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-726 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3001507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-318" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-318 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC-4" ;
rdfs:comment "KLUC-4 is a KLUC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005417 .
obo:ARO_3007276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-10.4" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002797 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS8" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS8 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance to streptogramin antibiotics may be conferred through enzymatic inactivation. There are two known mechanisms of streptogramin inactivation shown clinically to confer resistance: 1) vgB lyase enzymes linearize type B streptogramin antibiotics by breaking the ester linkage; 2) vat acetyltransferase enzymes modify type A streptogramin antibiotics by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the secondary streptogramin hydroxyl. Both mechanisms result in antibiotic inactivation thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3009251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr1 with mutations associated with resistance to miconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3005877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-662" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-662 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_0000078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piperacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3003792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis liaR mutant conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "liaR is a response regulator found in the liaFSR signal transduction pathway. Mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003279 , obo:ARO_3004263 .
obo:ARO_3001181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-137" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-137 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-152" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-152 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-940" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-940 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zidovudine" ;
rdfs:comment "Zidovudine is an antibiotic used in the management and treatment of HIV-1. It is in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor class of medications." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3000669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "virginiamycin M1" ;
rdfs:comment "Virginiamycin M1 is a streptogramin A antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000034 .
obo:ARO_3009363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal transcription factor" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitations of certain fungal transcription facts can confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3004455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus suis chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in Streptococcus suis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3002540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-VIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-VIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in E. cloacae, S. enterica and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007388 .
obo:ARO_3008352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-236" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-236." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 bifunctional protein" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007419 .
obo:ARO_3005890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-683" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-683 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-844" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-844 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isovanillobiocin" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic similar to clorobiocin, but with vanillic acid as the acyl component instead of crenelated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Different from vanillobiocin by the position of the pyrrole unit attached to the sugar moiety of the antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000103 .
obo:ARO_3006766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-397" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-397 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanD cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSD, is a mutated vanS variant found in the vanD gene cluster that caused constitutive expression of vanD peptidoglycan synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3001863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-6" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-6 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3005782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-558" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-558 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-91" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-91." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ParS" ;
rdfs:comment "ParS is the sensor component of the two-component ParRS system. Alongside its counterpart ParR, it confers resistance to polycationic antibiotics though regulation of efflux pumps and porins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3001077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-19" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-19 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in members of the Sphingobium genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.8" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to polyamine antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of bacteria can confer resistance to polyamine antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003211 .
obo:ARO_3006423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-253" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-253 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-94" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-94 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-518" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-518." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-9" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-9 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-171" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-171 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-22" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-22." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-5" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3009588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3003902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus UhpT with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the active importer UhpT, which is involved with the uptake of many phosphorylated sugars, confer resistance to fosfomycin by reducing import of the drug into the bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004248 .
obo:ARO_3006751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-381" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-381 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug resistant Rv1258c" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv1258c efflux pump contributing to resistance to multiple antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007183 .
obo:ARO_3004200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA beta-lactamases are chromosomal-encoded carbapenemase commonly found in Bacteroides fragilis isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3006337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-165" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-165 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KBL beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Kathmandu beta-lactamases are a group of class A beta-lactamases that hydrolyze penicillin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-684" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-684 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide biosynthesis" ;
rdfs:comment "Synthesis of glycopeptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3003048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rosA" ;
rdfs:comment "rosA is part of an efflux pump/potassium antiporter system (RosAB) in Yersinia that confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides such as polymyxin B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to aminocoumarin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Staphylococcus aureus parE resulting in aminocoumarin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000457 .
obo:ARO_3006085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-893" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-893 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3001762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-307" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-307 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3008876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-529" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-529." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-331" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-331." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HelR" ;
rdfs:comment "HelR is a helicase-like protein that confers resistance to rifamycins by displacing them from the RNA polymerase complex. The protein forces the antibiotic away from the polymerase by binding in its place. It then ejects itself from the complex, allowing the polymerase to resume normal function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007207 .
obo:ARO_3005041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mlaF" ;
rdfs:comment "mlaF from the mla system is a gene proposed to play a part in the transport of phospholipids to the outer membrane. Insertions in mlaF are shown to confer resistance to linezolid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "insertion of resistance determinant" ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental insertion of resistance determinant in the chromosome of the strain initially without this resistance determinant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3003313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant parE" ;
rdfs:comment "ParE is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, necessary for cell survival. Point mutations in ParE prevent fluoroquinolones from inhibiting DNA synthesis, thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000115 , obo:ARO_3000452 .
obo:ARO_3000517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifaximin" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin used to treat traveller's diarrhea. Rifaximin inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 .
obo:ARO_3003368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to kirromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to kirromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003358 .
obo:ARO_3005437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PST beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PST bea-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Pseudomonas stutzeri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3000300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lsaA" ;
rdfs:comment "LsaA is an ABC-F subfamily protein expressed in Enterococcus faecalis. It confers resistance to clindamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and dalfopristin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004472 .
obo:ARO_3001833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-11" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-126" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-126." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008293 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-167" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-167." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nemonoxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "A C-8-methoxy non-fluorinated quinolone exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive, including MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant MRSA, Gram-negative, and atypical pathogens, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3004842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-39" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase identified from Klebsiella sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-407" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-407 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-226" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-205" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-205 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007720 .
obo:ARO_3005318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-543" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-543 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3002752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB37" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB37 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-14" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSD1" ;
rdfs:comment "RSD1 is a family of class D beta-lactamases which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3001918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-56" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-56 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrK" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrK is a plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3000251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msrA" ;
rdfs:comment "MsrA is an ABC-F subfamily ribosomal protection protein expressed in Staphylococcus species which confers resistance to erythromycin and streptogramin B antibiotics through antibiotic target protection mechanisms. It is associated with plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3008805 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-4-4" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-4-4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-24" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-24 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000960 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-93" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-93 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dimercaprol" ;
rdfs:comment "Dimercaprol is a compound used to treat acute arsenic poisoning, as well as poisoning of other metals such as mercury, gold, and antimony. It has shown inhibitory activity against various metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3008055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-345" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-345." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-206" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-206." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antifungal drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3009440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal CDR1" ;
rdfs:comment "fungal ABC efflux pump family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3005932 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-727" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-727 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007734 .
obo:ARO_3002067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-56" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-56 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-14" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-66" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-66 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-172" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-172 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chryseobacterium meningosepticum BlaB" ;
rdfs:comment "This BlaB specific to Chryseobacterium meningosepticum mediates resistance against many beta-lactam antibiotics, notably penams and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3001770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-43" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-43 is a beta-lactamase found in Burkholderia pseudomallei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007718 .
obo:ARO_3008446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1025" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1025." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-10" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-10 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3002378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-9" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-9 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3007553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to antifungals" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR1 is a pleiotropic drug resistance gene encoding ABC transporters that contributes to multidrug antifungal resistance in fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3009638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible Upc2" ;
rdfs:comment "UPC2 encodes a transcription factor that is a master regulator of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. Its mutation is clinically important because gain-of-function mutations in UPC2 are a well-known mechanism of azole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009363 .
obo:ARO_3006894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALI-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ALI-1 is a ALI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005391 .
obo:ARO_3002211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-20" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-20 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-19" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-19 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3005529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-16" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-16 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3005507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-59" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-59 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-37" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-37 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-128" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-128 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-8" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-5-8." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-94" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-94 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006739 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-369" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-369 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "intermediate antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "Intermediate sensitivity of a bacterial strain to a given antibiotic occurs when it is inhibited by a concentration of the drug that is associated with uncertain therapeutic effect. The elimination of intermediate phenotype bacteria may depend on the site of infection and/or the concentration of the administered drug. Definition from https://clsi.org." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004440 .
obo:ARO_3004748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BCL Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BCL beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-203" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "taniborbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Taniborbactam is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitor. As of 2022, it is in phase III clinical trials in combination with cefepime and is the only beta-lactamase inhibitor exhibiting activity against all four classes of beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007131 , obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3005456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VHW beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "VHW beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found Vibrio harveyi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-11" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005366 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-34" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-34 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_109545044.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus ase1 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The ase1 gene encodes a microtubule associated protein that is particularly involved in the mitotic spindle formation and stabilization during cell division. Alterations in cell division can often lead to major genetic adaptations, such as the development of aneuploidy. In instances where a fungi can survive a major genetic adaptation, the resultant mutant could exhibit antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009295 .
obo:ARO_3002356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-6" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-6 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-283" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-283 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3007632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-11" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-11 is a FRI-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3006926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GRD33-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GRD33-1 is a GRD33 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005416 .
obo:ARO_3009520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium graminearum Cyp51A with mutations associated with resistance to metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "opcM" ;
rdfs:comment "OpcM is an outer membrane factor protein found in Burkholderia cepacia. It is part of the CeoAB-OpcM complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-2" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa ampR with mutation conferring resistance to aztreonam" ;
rdfs:comment "ampR is a regulatory gene that plays an essential role in regulating antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. Mutation in ampR leads to its loss of control over blaPDC-16, allowing overexpression of blaPDC-16 and further resistance to aztreonam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007797 .
obo:ARO_3008510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1092" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1092." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosX" ;
rdfs:comment "FosX is an enzyme used to confer resistance to fosfomycin. It's dependent on the cofactor, manganese (II), and uses water to generate a vicinal diol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3003556 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SLB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "This enzyme breaks the beta-lactam antibiotic ring open and deactivates the molecule's antibacterial properties." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003555 .
obo:ARO_3001513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-325" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-325 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3009060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-241" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase SHV-241." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008534 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1116" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1116." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3003046 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacA" ;
rdfs:comment "qacA is a subunit of the qac multidrug efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3006265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-70" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-70 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-41" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-41 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-688" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-688 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MOC-1 is a MOC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005424 .
obo:ARO_3007373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PJM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases with activity against a range of beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3004884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant ppsC" ;
rdfs:comment "ppsC codes for the phthiocerol synthesis polyketide synthase type 1. It is involved in the elongation of C22-24 fatty acids by the addition of methylmalonyl-CoA extender units to yield phthiocerol derivatives in a complete reduction. Research has pointed towards this protein to be a high confidence drug target." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004883 .
obo:ARO_3005175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "perchlozone" ;
rdfs:comment "Perchlozone is a novel thiosemicarbazone used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is similar to thiacetazone with only a different side chain attached to the thiosemicarbazone moiety. Perchlozone is a prodrug that is activated by ethA and inhibits the HadABC complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007161 .
obo:ARO_3009475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum beta tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin. Thiabendazole is a unique member of the benzimidazole class that can be used for human treatment. Benzimidazoles like thiabendazole are structurally defined as imidazole rings fused to benzene rings." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3001792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-62" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-62 is a beta-lactamase found in Pandoraea pnomenusa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3007942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-179" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-179." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-467" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-467 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-171" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-171." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003769 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface. A point mutation in the putative mprF synthase domain is associated with enhanced expression, increased synthesis and reduced daptomycin surface binding. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000863 .
obo:ARO_3007882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YOC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "YOC is a family of class C beta-lactamases which inactivate cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3006594 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-217" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-217 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-98" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-98 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-176" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-176 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-79" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-79 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-1 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella spp., as well as Acinetobacter spp., E. coli., Raoultella terrigena, and Yersinia pestis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-25" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-25 is a beta-lactamase found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-86" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to Enacyloxin IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to Enacyloxin IIa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003358 .
obo:ARO_3002995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Pasteurella and Haemophilus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3008674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1264" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-62 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1264." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3006304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-129" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-129 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-49" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-49 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BEL-4" ;
rdfs:comment "BEL-4 is a BEL beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002384 .
obo:ARO_3008727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-950" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-950." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3004311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter" ;
rdfs:comment "Any strain of Acinetobacter spp. that has tested either Intermediate or Resistant to at least one of the following carbapenem-class antibiotics by standard testing using approved breakpoints: imipenem, meropenem, doripenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3002757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB42" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB42 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "unclassified metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors with unknown or undefined classification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007129 .
obo:ARO_3001491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-221" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-221 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BPU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BPU-1 is a class D beta-lactamase found in Bacillus pumilus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004758 .
obo:ARO_3009578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida dubliniensis ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3006050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-858" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-858 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-185" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-185 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-56" ;
rdfs:comment "An IMP class B metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme identified from carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-351" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-351 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-190" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-190 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' major domain of the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to tetracycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003669 .
obo:ARO_3007665 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. FCY2 conferring resistance to 5-flucytosine via reduced permeability" ;
rdfs:comment "FCY2 encodes for purine-cytosine permease in fungal cells. Downregulation or absence of FCY2 confers resistance to antibiotics by preventing entry into the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007641 .
obo:ARO_3008063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-353" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-353." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-93" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-93 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1038" ;
rdfs:comment "The blaOXA-48-like enzyme demonstrated significant hydrolysis activity against meropenem, and the classical beta-lactamase inhibitor had no significant inhibitory effect. This is a novel OXA carbapenemases in S. xiamenensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3001151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-102" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-102 is an extended spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-100" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-100." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mgt macrolide glycotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "The mgt family encompasses macrolide glycotransferases of the Streptomyces genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000458 .
obo:ARO_3009422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in FKS2 are associated with modifications of the beta glucan in the fungal cell wall. As such, these mutations typically showcase increased resistance against echinocandin drugs. However, some studies have reported that some FKS2 mutations can result in increased resistance against azole drugs as well." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3004799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-3" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-3 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3005879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-667" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-667 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007713 .
obo:ARO_3000632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzylpenicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Benzylpenicillin, commonly referred to as penicillin G, is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is unstable in acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3000871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fatty acid synthesis enzyme targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotics can target bacteria-specific fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3006773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-403" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-403 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-28" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-28 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trispicen A" ;
rdfs:comment "An experimental polypyridine ligand used as a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007133 .
obo:ARO_3009509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus tubingensis Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB61" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB61 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter braakii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-478" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class C beta-lactamase PDC-478." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "roxithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic, 14-carbon ring macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. It is used to treat respiratory tract, urinary and soft tissue infections. Roxithromycin may possess bacteriocidal activity, particularly at higher concentrations by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S rRNA complex, protein synthesis and subsequently structure/function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3001525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-337" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-337 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-39" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-39 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3003928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA with mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA gyrase subunit A. Decreases affinity between fluoroquinolone antibiotic molecule and gyrA, thereby conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3005964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-760" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-760 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002049 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-38" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-38 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA11" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA11 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in E. coli and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3001920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-59" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-59 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(H)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(H) is an mef efflux pump protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:UBERON_0003134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "female reproductive organ" ;
rdfs:comment "A female organ involved in reproduction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3005925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-718" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-718 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-562" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-562 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-67" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-67 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant TAC1" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009424 .
obo:ARO_3008080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase BIC-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004752 .
obo:ARO_3004322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug-resistant Klebsiella" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Klebsiella oxytoca or Klebsiella pneumoniae that has tested Intermediate or Resistant in at least 3 of the following categories: extended-spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, or pipericillin/tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3006627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-249" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-249 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-630" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-630." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanD cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRD, is a mutated vanR variant found in the vanD gene cluster that caused constitutive expression of vanD peptidoglycan synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3002197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-6" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006632 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-253" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-253 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum Cyp51 with mutations associated with resistance to flutriafol" ;
rdfs:comment "The Cyp51 enzyme belongs to the P450 protein system and is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to the P450/Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity inclusive of flutriafol, which is a triazole despite not adhering to traditional azole naming convention." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone self resistant parC" ;
rdfs:comment "Inherent parC resistance to fluoroquinolone from an antibiotic producer. The presence of these genes confers self-resistance to the antibiotic it produces." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 .
obo:ARO_3004889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant mshC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur on the mshC gene resulting in the inability for antibiotic to function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-I-48" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-I-48 (AAC(6')-Iag) is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3009173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "butenafine" ;
rdfs:comment "This is a Benzylamine Antifungal which is believed to inhibit the squalene epoxidase enzyme that is essential in the formation of sterols necessary for fungal cell membranes. It is typically used in the treatment of dermatological infections. Butenafine is trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is a tertiary amine and a member of naphthalenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3003381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli soxR with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxR is a sensory protein that upregulates soxS expression in the presence of redox-cycling drugs. This stress response leads to the expression many multidrug efflux pumps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000836 .
obo:ARO_3007162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protegrin-1-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of peptidomimetic antibiotics based on the peptide protegrin-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "B3SU1 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "B3SU1 is a family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase enzymes which confer resistance to beta-lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3008023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-313" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-313." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-436" ;
rdfs:comment "An OXA-48-like plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase shown to confer resistance to carbapenems through hydrolysis. Identified in multiple Enterobacteriaceae isolates from several patients in Denmark. Beta-lactamase activity against carbapenems and penicillins but little to no activity against cephalosporin antibiotics. Described by Samuelsen et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004943 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine resistant ald" ;
rdfs:comment "ald plays a role in cell wall synthesis as L-alanine is an important constituent of the peptidoglycan layer. Resistance due to mutations in ald can cause cycloserine to not function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004942 .
obo:ARO_3001502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-256" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-256 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-177" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-177." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-21" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-21 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3003009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceoA" ;
rdfs:comment "ceoA is a periplasmic linker subunit of the CeoAB-OpcM efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-417" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-417 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-195" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-195 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-46" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-46 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lividomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lividomycins are aminoglycosidic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lividus. They contain 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3006988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-2 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3004824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LAP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LAP is a Ambler Class A beta-lactamase gene family that confers resistance to beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3000923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-54" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-54 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal ase1" ;
rdfs:comment "The ase1 gene encodes a microtubule associated protein that is particularly involved in the mitotic spindle formation and stabilization during cell division. Alterations in cell division can often lead to major genetic adaptations, such as the development of aneuploidy. In instances where a fungi can survive a major genetic adaptation, the resultant mutant could exhibit antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009271 .
obo:ARO_3007125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-11" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-11 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3004526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "deletion of resistance determinant" ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental deletion of resistance determinant in the chromosome of the strain initially with this resistance determinant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3004835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilQ gene conferring resistance to beta-lactam" ;
rdfs:comment "PilQ is an important gonococcal outer membrane component, member of secretin protein family, and involved in Type IV pilus formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3005238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-218" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-375" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-375 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-80" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-80 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive inhA" ;
rdfs:comment "inhA is a enoyl-acyl carrier reductase used in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000872 .
obo:ARO_3003147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-424" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-424 is a beta-lactamase found in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii found in China. It is carbapenem resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-257" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-257." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-598" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-598." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-158" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-158 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-336" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-336 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtB" ;
rdfs:comment "RmtB is a 16S rRNA methyltransferase that targets mature or nearly mature 30S subunits. It transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N7-G1405 of the 16S rRNA, an aminoglycoside binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3008052 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-342" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-342." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TUS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "TUS beta-lactamases are Class B beta-lactamases that can hydrolyze a variety of beta-lactams, such as cephems and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004986 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant Rv2731" ;
rdfs:comment "A conserved alanine and arginine-rich protein with an unknown function. The protein has shown to contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004985 .
obo:ARO_3005514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-66" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-66 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bla operon" ;
rdfs:comment "The bla operon is composed of blaZ/blaR1/blaI." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000231 .
obo:ARO_3008097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-24" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-24." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3002921 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRB, is a vanR variant found in the vanB gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3009646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase in the AMM family, identified from a metagenome-assembled genome of Alteromonas mangrovi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009644 .
obo:ARO_3005029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-6" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-6 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3006000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-800" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-800 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-131" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-131 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-97" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-97 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1231" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1231." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3002038 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-27" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-27 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-145" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-145." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-435" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-435 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lfrA" ;
rdfs:comment "lfrA is involved in the active efflux of quinolones and is found in Mycobacteroides abscessus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-120" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-120 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-121" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-121 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftazidime-avibactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic-adjuvant admixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftazidime and the non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3008407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-60" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-60." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-50" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-50." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori pbp2 mutants conferring resistance to amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Helicobacter pylori pbp2 observed to confer resistance to amoxicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3002157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-3" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3006109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-923" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-923 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-200" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-200 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-227" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-227 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-362" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-362 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-42" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-42 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3009290 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pneumocystis jerovecii dhfr with mutations associated with resistance to Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole combined with Pyrimethamine atovaquone" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme integral to nucleotide and protein synthesis for eukaryotic life inclusive of fungi. This enzyme is targeted by certain drugs to to halt nucleotide synthesis and killing the target eukaryotic cell. Some of these drugs are useful against fungal infections, but mutations to this gene can lead to resistance against such intervention." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009284 .
obo:ARO_3006055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-863" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-863 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr5" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant identified from Pseudomonas. These proteins confer resistance to both fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3005767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-538" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-538 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetA(60)" ;
rdfs:comment "tetA(60) is a subunit of tetAB(60), an ABC transporter that confers resistance to tetracycline and tigercycline identified by screening a human saliva metagenomic library in Escherichia coli, which is required for resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007191 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanP cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "vanR variant in the vanP cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3003209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fosA5" ;
rdfs:comment "fosA5 is a fosfomycin resistance gene isolated from clinical strain of Escherichia coli E265. It is susceptible to amikacin, tetracycline and imipenem, and resistant to sulphonamide, cephalosporins, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3007483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAD-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RAD-1 is a class D RAD beta-lactamase found in Riemerella anatipestifer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007482 .
obo:ARO_3004270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant fabI" ;
rdfs:comment "fabI is a enoyl-acyl carrier reductase used in lipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. The bacterial biocide Triclosan blocks the final reduction step in fatty acid elongation, inhibiting biosynthesis. Point mutations in fabI can confer resistance to Triclosan and Isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008217 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-102" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-102." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ethionamide resistant Rv0565c" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycobacterial monoxygenase has been shown to confer resistance to ethionamide in recent literature." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004953 .
obo:ARO_3006347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-175" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-175 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-877" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-877 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "agricultural source" ;
rdfs:comment "Strain collected from agricultural setting (e.g., chicken, pig)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004532 .
obo:ARO_3000844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TUS-1" ;
rdfs:comment "TUS-1 is a chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase from Myroides odoratus and Myroides odoratimimus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004205 .
obo:ARO_3001931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-70" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-70 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 C-5 sterol desaturase with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009624 .
obo:ARO_3005279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-324" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-324 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-68" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-68 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SSA" ;
rdfs:comment "SSA is an SSA beta lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007439 .
obo:ARO_3006405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-236" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-236 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA5" ;
rdfs:comment "cphA5 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas salmonicida. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3007853 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clofazimine resistant Rv0678" ;
rdfs:comment "Loss-of-function mutations in the Mycobacterium Rv0678 gene associated with clofazimine resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007672 .
obo:ARO_3005914 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-707" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-707 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-34" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-34 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-59" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-59 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iq" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iq is a aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in K. pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3000045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "component of AMR genotypic or phenotypic terminology" ;
rdfs:comment "A collection of curated phenotypic terms relating to antibiotic resistance and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3002565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iu" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iu is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter genomosp. 17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis whib7 mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in whib7 that can contribute to or confer resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004965 .
obo:ARO_3005644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-221" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-221 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ledaborbactam etzadroxil" ;
rdfs:comment "Ledaborbactam Etzadroxil is an orally bioavailable prodrug of ledaborbactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007131 .
obo:ARO_3007043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msr(I)" ;
rdfs:comment "msr(I) is part of the msr subfamily of ABC-F ribosomal protection proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3003815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis YvlB with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "YvlB is a putative target of the liaFSR signalling pathway, whose mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003816 .
obo:ARO_3007945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-182" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-182." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003736 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant fusE" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistant fusE is caused by mutations in a region of the rplF gene encoding riboprotein L6, and confers resistance to fusidic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002954 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanO cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXO, is a vanX variant found in the vanO gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3003466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant gidB" ;
rdfs:comment "GidB is a m7G methyltransferase specific for 16S rRNA. Mutations within the gidB gene causes changes in the structure or 16s rRNA, leading to resistance to aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000857 .
obo:ARO_3001666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-201" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-201 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-20" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-20 is a beta-lactamase found worldwide in Vibrio parahaemolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3008017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-307" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-307." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-36" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-36 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_114699267.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000270 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "protein modulating permeability to antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes or other proteins either directly or indirectly reducing overall permeability to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3006937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-3" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK-3 is a LHK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:ARO_3002790 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS1" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS1 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Shigella flexneri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-8" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_0000059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefepime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefepime (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. It contains an aminothiazolyl group that decreases its affinity with beta-lactamases. Cefepime shows high binding affinity with penicillin-binding proteins and has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms than third-generation agents." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009108 .
obo:ARO_3008435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1014" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1014." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-543" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-543." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-5" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-5 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was found in Moraxella sp. RCAD0137." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3008770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-993" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-993." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3005060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-837" ;
rdfs:comment "A class D OXA-like beta-lactamase described in the emerging pathogen Cupriavidus gilardii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant liaFSR" ;
rdfs:comment "liaFSR is a two-component signal transduction pathway in B. subtilis that responds to peptide and lipopeptide antibiotics. The liaFSR two-component system consists of a histidine kinase liaS and the response regulator liaR as well as the accessory protein liaF, which acts as a negative regulator of liaRS-dependent signal transduction. Mutations confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1269" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1269." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-16" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-16 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Kluyveromyces marxianus FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Anidulafungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It exhibits strong antifungal action against a variety of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., including those that are resistant to amphotericin B and triazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3008131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-197" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-197." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae mutant PhoQ conferring resistance to colistin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae PhoQ of the two-component PhoPQ regulatory system conferring resistance to colistin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000835 .
obo:ARO_3009057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-238" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase SHV-238." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1073" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1073." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polyene antifungal" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyenes are a group of antibiotics, particularly antifungals, that bind ergosterol, a fungal-specific sterol in the plasma membrane of fungi, causing the efflux of potassium and cell death. They were discovered in the 1930s by Richard Kuhn. They are primarily used for therapy for invasive fungal infections like invasive aspergillosis, cryptococcosis blastomycosis, etc. The two main polyenes are amphotericin B and nystatin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3002994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB beta-lactamases are a class A beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3005860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-639" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-639 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3007472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tilmicosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic used for livestock and poultry synthesized from tylomycin. It is mainly used to treat common bacterial infections and diseases caused by mycoplasma infection in livestock and poultry breeding. Tilmicosin has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and has a strong inhibitory effect on most Gram positive and negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3006015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-816" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-816 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-IIb" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-IIb is an intrinsic Kasugamycin 2' acetyltransferase protein found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, including kasugamycin. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007394 .
obo:ARO_3007931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-168" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-168." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:DOID_13148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acute cystitis" ;
rdfs:comment "A cystitis characterized by a sudden onset or severe symptoms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3004414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "agar diffusion bioautography" ;
rdfs:comment "The antimicrobial agent is transferred from a chromatogram to an agar plate previously inoculated with the test microorganism." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004392 .
obo:ARO_3009657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nonribosomal peptide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Nonribosomal peptide antibiotics are peptide natural products synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), rather than by the ribosome. They often contain non-proteinogenic amino acids and diverse chemical modifications that contribute to their structural and functional diversity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3004546 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Campylobacter jejuni 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA domain of Campylobacter jejuni which confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics, including erythromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3003999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefamandole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefamandole is a second-generation cephalosporin-class beta-lactam antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3001655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-138" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-138 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-96" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-96 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004975 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ppsC mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ppsC can contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004884 .
obo:ARO_0000042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycylcycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3001587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-401" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-401 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-188" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-188 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-102" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-102 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benzalkonium chloride" ;
rdfs:comment "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005386 .
obo:ARO_3004140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hydrolysis of fusidic acid to inactive lactone derivative" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes shown to inactivate fusidic acid by hydrolytic cleavage from the 16 beta-position of fusidic acid and its derivatives. This converts fusidic acid to an inactivate lactone derivative, thus conferring resistance to fusidic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000040 .
obo:ARO_3000005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanD" ;
rdfs:comment "VanD is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog similar to VanA, and can synthesize D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It is associated with both vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3007431 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "almF" ;
rdfs:comment "almF is a glycine carrier protein associated with the almEFG operon in Vibrio cholerae. It is activated by almE and carries the glycyl molecule later added to lipid A by almG." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007430 .
obo:ARO_3006416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-246" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-246 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexH" ;
rdfs:comment "MexH is the membrane fusion protein of the efflux complex MexGHI-OpmD." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "iclaprim" ;
rdfs:comment "Iclaprim is a bactericidal compound that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. It is used against clinically important Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000171 .
obo:ARO_3005595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-172" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-172 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ThfT" ;
rdfs:comment "ThfT is an ECF transporter S component that expands the substrate profile of endogenous ECF transporters to include folate biosynthesis end products. It confers resistance to the folate synthesis inhibitor sulfamethoxazole by allowing uptake of host folate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007426 .
obo:ARO_3001514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-326" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-326 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chlorhexidine" ;
rdfs:comment "Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection, including mouthwashes (chlorhexidine gluconate)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005386 .
obo:ARO_3007312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SPR741" ;
rdfs:comment "SPR741 is an experimental cationic peptide used to increase permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is currently in clinical trials in combination with a variety of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3006009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-809" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-809 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3009581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida orthopsilosis ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3005827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-606" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-606 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3004669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emtA" ;
rdfs:comment "A rRNA methyltransferase conferring high-level evernimicin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001298 .
obo:ARO_3005884 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-676" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-676 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GIM beta-lactamase enzymes isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and found to confer broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(53)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3004798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-2" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-2 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter asburiae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3006202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-77" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-77 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006692 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-321" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-321 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA6" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA6 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-67" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-67 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mgrA" ;
rdfs:comment "MgrA, also known as NorR, is a regulator for norA, norB, and tet38. It is a positive regulator for norA expression, but is a direct repressor for norB and an indirect repressor of tet38." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3007024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lascufloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Lascufloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3005303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-117" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-117 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARO variant type" ;
rdfs:comment "Type of variation reported by resistance gene annotators or interpreters. Based on the schemes developed by hAMRonization (https://github.com/pha4ge/hAMRonization) and AMRRules (https://docs.amrrules.org), with additional terms from the NCIT ontology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3001023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-157" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-157 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-145" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-145 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzyme that catalyzes the inactivation of an antibiotic resulting in resistance. Inactivation includes chemical modification, destruction, etc." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3002453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-20" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-20 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-58" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-58 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RCP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "RCP is a class A beta-lactamase found in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004235 .
obo:ARO_3008045 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-335" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-335." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CSP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CSP-1 is a CSP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005402 .
obo:ARO_3006735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-365" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-365 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin L" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3000804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexF" ;
rdfs:comment "MexF is the multidrug inner membrane transporter of the MexEF-OprN complex. mexF corresponds to 2 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (gene name: mexF/mexB) and 4 loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58 (gene name: mexD/mexB)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-211" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-211 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catB10" ;
rdfs:comment "catB10 is an integron-encoded variant of the cat gene found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3004532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strain source" ;
rdfs:comment "Source of the strain used in the antibiotic susceptibility test (e.g., clinical, environmental, agriculture)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3005882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-674" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-674 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3006743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-372" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-372 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-199" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-199 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant liaS" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the liaS histidine kinase that confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA22" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA22 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-519" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-519 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3008236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-106" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-106." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1118" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1118." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1221" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1221." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3007173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lipoic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipoic acid is a compound used for diabetic neuropathy and as a nutritional supplement. It has also demonstrated potent inhibition of NDM-1 and synergistic effects against other metallo-beta-lactamases when paired with meropenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3008858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-511" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-511." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-54" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-54 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-328" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-328 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006444 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-87" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-87 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-650" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-650 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3001579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-393" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-393 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-10" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3000445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin monooxygenase" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzyme responsible for the decolorization of rifampin by monoxygenation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000576 .
obo:ARO_0000032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cephalosporin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000007 .
obo:ARO_3005183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-160" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-160 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-181" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-181." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-152" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-152 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-190" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-190 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51C with mutations conferring resistance to imazalil" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant YybT" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the YybT gene confers daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanG" ;
rdfs:comment "Contains a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase. The vanG gene cluster is inducible and confers low resistance to vancomycin. vanG organisms remain susceptible to teicoplanin. It is the only van gene cluster that contains two vanY genes. Gene orientation: vanRSYWGYT." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3000384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrAB-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrAB-TolC is a tripartite RND efflux system that confers resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and rifampin in Gram-negative bacteria. The system spans the cell membrane (AcrB) and the outer-membrane (TolC), and is linked together in the periplasm by AcrA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3008019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-309" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-309." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-223" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-223 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-22" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-22 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3000941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-75" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-75 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-184" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-184 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-930" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-930 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-229 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3006413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-243" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-243 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-119" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-119 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-383" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-383 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iv" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iv is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter sp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3002796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS7" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS7 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001013 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-146" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-146 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "elongation factor Tu" ;
rdfs:comment "Elongation factor Tu is required for peptide elongation in bacterial protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3008145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-256" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-256." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA6" ;
rdfs:comment "CfxA6 beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in an uncultured bacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003000 .
obo:ARO_3000196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(32)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(32) is a tetracycline resistance gene similar to Tet(O), and binds to the ribosome to confer tetracycline resistance as a ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3008078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "B3SU1-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase B3SU1-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007864 .
obo:ARO_3004985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv2731" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv2731 gene that contribute to antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-851" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-851 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007099 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosM3" ;
rdfs:comment "FosM3 is a thiol transferase discovered in human gut microflora that leads to the resistance of fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3007862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Canonical SMILES" ;
rdfs:comment "Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES), a chemical structure line notation (a typographical method using printable characters) for entering and representing molecules (description copied from PubChem). Canonical SMILES in CARD are acquired from ChEMBL." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3006858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-6" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH-6 is a CMH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-874" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-874 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_0000008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefoxitin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefoxitin is a cephamycin antibiotic often grouped with the second generation cephalosporins. Cefoxitin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. Cefoxitin's 7-alpha-methoxy group and 3' leaving group make it a poor substrate for most beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3008309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-183" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-183." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000057 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible fungal ATP family protein" ;
rdfs:comment "ATP proteins in fungi are involved in ATP generation within the mitochondria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009199 .
obo:ARO_3006003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-803" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-803 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-15" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-15." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3000502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrF" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrF is a inner membrane transporter, similar to AcrB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-18" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-18 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3006574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-195" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-195 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-453" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-453 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005923 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-716" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-716 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003574 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LpxC" ;
rdfs:comment "The LpxC gene is widely known to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid A in Gram-negative bacteria and mutations to this gene may cause resistance to antimicrobial peptides that target the outer membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003581 .
obo:ARO_3005712 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114l" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114l is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3008629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1219" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1219." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-312" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-312 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-222" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-222 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IDC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "IDC-2 is an IDC beta-lactamase and an integron cephalosprinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005011 .
obo:ARO_3002753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB38" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB38 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-2" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3003816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant YvlB" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the putative liaFSR target YvlB confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosXCC" ;
rdfs:comment "fosXCC is a fosfomycin resistance gene that modifies MurA isolated from Campylobacter species. It is highly resistant to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3000524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cpxAR" ;
rdfs:comment "CpxAR is a two-component regulatory system that involves a sensor kinase, CpxA, and the regulator CpxR. When the membrane envelope is stressed, CpxAR promotes acrD and mdtABC expression to confer multidrug resistance through efflux." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3000496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanXY" ;
rdfs:comment "VanXY is a protein with both D,D-carboxypeptidase and D,D-dipeptidase activity, found in Enterococcus gallinarum. It cleaves and removes the terminal D-Ala of peptidoglycan subunits for the incorporation of D-Ser by VanC. D-Ala-D-Ser has low binding affinity with vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3009608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pichia kudriavzevii Fks1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3000850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-1 confers resistance to cephalosporins in Elizabethkingia (Chryseobacterium) meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3007361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rutin" ;
rdfs:comment "Rutin is a plant pigment that is able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3004732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "finafloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "An 8-cyano-substituted fluoroquinolone with increased antibacterial activity in acidic conditions in contrast to other fluoroquinolones which demonstrate reduced activity in lower pH. Finafloxacin showed increased bactericidal activity at pH 5 in comparison to pH 7 and ciprofloxacin at pH 5 in vitro." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3005165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic drug class" ;
rdfs:comment "In an antimicrobial context, a drug class is a set of antibiotic molecules, including antibiotic/adjuvant combination medications, with similar chemical structures, molecular targets, and/or modes and mechanisms of action." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004299 .
obo:ARO_3001439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-101" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-101 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "miconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Miconazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is used to treat oral and vaginal yeast infections, as well as mucosal thrush." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3004380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vaborbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic adjuvant and serine beta-lactamase inhibitor, often paired with meropenem for clinical use." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007131 .
obo:ARO_3000159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3002087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-74" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-74 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-7" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-7 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-245" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-245 is a TEM class A beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000725 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive aftA" ;
rdfs:comment "Arabinofuranosyltransferases allow for the polymerization of arabinose to form arabinan. Arabanan is required for formation of mycobacterial cell walls." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000709 .
obo:ARO_3006338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-166" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-166 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-78" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-78 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3005871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-656" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-656 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3002209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-18" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-18 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sphaeropsidin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Sphaeropsidin A is a tetracyclic pimarane diterpene, first isolated as the main phytotoxin produced by Diplodia cupressir, the causal agent of a severe canker disease of Italian cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005172 .
obo:ARO_3001018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-151" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-151 is a CMT-type, inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PAM-1 is a member of the PAM family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases found in members of the Psuedomonas genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007198 .
obo:ARO_3001348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-166" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-166 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC3" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC3 is an integron-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3001226 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "narbomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces narbonensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3007275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-10.3" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1081" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-24 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1081." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3004572 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus LmrS" ;
rdfs:comment "MFS transporters are secondary active transporters with single-polypeptide chains containing 400-600 amino acids that transport small solutes across the membrane by using electrochemical gradients. LmrS has 14 transmembrane helices and, when expressed in E. coli, is capable of extruding a variety of antibiotics inclinding linezolid, trimethoprim, florfenicol, chlorampheniocol, erythromycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and fusidic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-779" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-779 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-46 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007720 .
obo:ARO_3005308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-393" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-393 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pikromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3007996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-280" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-280." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-21" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-21 is a MIR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3005006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(57)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline efflux MFS Transporter from Providencia sp. Y14." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mecA-type mecI" ;
rdfs:comment "A mecA-type mecI repressor gene which mediates production of PBP2 by mecA. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococci possessing the mecA gene, mecI represses the expression of mecC thereby restoring or increasing susceptibility to methicillin and beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000100 .
obo:ARO_3007930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-167" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-167." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acrA" ;
rdfs:comment "Protein subunit of AcrA-AcrB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrA represents the periplasmic portion of the transport protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1298" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1298." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-516" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-516." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-193" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-193 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-889" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-889 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-257" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-257 is a beta-lactamase found in A. bereziniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3002465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-18" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-18 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3009374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mutant gene conferring antimicrobial resistance through aneuploidy" ;
rdfs:comment "Aneuploid states of fungal genomes can cause an increased presence of antifungal resistance conferring genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3008039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-329" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-329." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.10" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin (colistin) resistance gene variant identified from Aeromonas, Proteus and Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-581" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-581 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3000094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH beta-lactamases are Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3009359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal morphogenesis and/or polarity regulating protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitations to a fungal species physical morphological state can confer antifungal resistance. Fungi have unique mechanisms that differentiate the polarity of its physical growth on a cellular level, where different membrane portions along a single cell surface can have different polarities. This mechanism is integral to a fungi's physical conformation (hyphae, pseudohyphae etc.), and exploitations of these types of mechanisms can also confer antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3000861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtC" ;
rdfs:comment "RmtC is a rRNA methyltransferase found in Proteus mirabilis with high level resistance to similar to aminoglycosides, with the exception of non-4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamines (streptomycin and neomycin). It has also been isolated in Salmonella enterica ser. Virchow. It is hypothesized to methylate G1405, like related methyltransferases RmtA, RmtB, and ArmA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3002379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SME-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SME-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Serratia marcescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000055 .
obo:ARO_3002425 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-8" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1036" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1036." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-782" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-782 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-37" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-37 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3004964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant whib7" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the whib7 gene that cause antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005348 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DfrA36" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA36 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim. Originally described by Wuthrich et al., 2019, and isolated from Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-15" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-15 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3009074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-255" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-255." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-42" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-42 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-24" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3004677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtD2" ;
rdfs:comment "The first allele of a 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene, rmtD2, confers a high resistance to all clinically available aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3000684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mafenide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mafenide is a sulfonamide used topically for treating burns." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3007703 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-198-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-198." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3009663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARD k-mers" ;
rdfs:comment "CARD:k-mers refers to the k-mer classification module of CARD that jointly predicts species-level pathogen taxonomy and genomic context (plasmid versus chromosome) for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) detected in short metagenomic reads. It is the first CARD tool to unify ARG detection, host taxonomy, and genomic-context assignment in a single classifier, addressing a gap where general-purpose k-mer classifiers (e.g., Kraken2, CLARK) perform poorly on AMR-specific sequences." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3002023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-12" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-12 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-171" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-171 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-12" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-12 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3005414 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GMB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "GMB beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant furA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in furA which is in the regulatory region of katG. Mutations within the gene contribute to antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEDO-3" ;
rdfs:comment "PEDO-3 is a class B1 metallo-beta lactamase isolated from Pedobacter kyungheensis exhibiting resistance to carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004227 .
obo:ARO_3003203 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TLA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "TLA-2 is a beta-lactamase is present on a plasmid isolated from an unidentified bacterial strain from a waste water treatment plant. The enzyme mostly hydrolyzes cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003201 .
obo:ARO_3006898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AXC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "AXC-2 is a AXC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005393 .
obo:ARO_3005542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-29" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-29 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3004104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TMB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "TMB-1, the first known member of the Tripoli metallo-beta-lactamase family (TMB) was isolated from Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a Tripoli central hospital. TMB-1 was located on a class 1 integron and is a chromosomally-encoded beta-lactamase capable of hydrolyzing multiple antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3002958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY gene in vanF cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanYF, is a vanY variant found in the vanF gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000077 .
obo:ARO_3001774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-370" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-370 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter hormaechei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3003899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli PtsI with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "PtsI (phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase) is involved in cyclic AMP synthesis, which regulates glpT expression. As a result, mutations to ptsI confer resistance to fosfomycin by affecting the regulation of fosfomycin import." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004250 .
obo:ARO_3006664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-294" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-294 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-66" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-66 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-54" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-54 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-238" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-238 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pexA" ;
rdfs:comment "pexA is a florfenicol and chloramphenicol resistance gene discovered in Alaskan soil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-468" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-468 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114k" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114k is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3007896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-113" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-113." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-293" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-293." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-88" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-88 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1121" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1121." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlB1" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlB1 is a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Bordetella bronchiseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-103" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-103." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CME-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CME-2 is a CME beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004774 .
obo:ARO_3005394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BSU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BSU beta-lactamases are class D beta-lactamases found in Bacillus inaquosorum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3005857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-636" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-636 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3001731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-275" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-275 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007713 .
obo:ARO_3006310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-135" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-135 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003415 .
obo:ARO_3002898 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SAT-3" ;
rdfs:comment "SAT-3 is a plasmid-mediated streptothricin acetyltransferase and streptothricin resistance determinant. Originally described from an E. coli plasmid gene by Tietze and Brevet, 1995." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000869 .
obo:ARO_3007667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imidazole-resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes which include mutations to confer resistance to imidazole-class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3005113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases, AAC(6'), which doubly confer resistance to aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics through fluoroquinolone-acetylating activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3001586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-400" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-400 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006381 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-212" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-212 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "verdamicin" ;
rdfs:comment "A gentamicin-group aminoglycoside isolated from Micromonospora." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3006595 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-218" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-218 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lmrB" ;
rdfs:comment "lmrB is a chromosomally-encoded efflux pump that confers resistance to lincosamides in Bacillus subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002111 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-98" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-98 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3000766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive topoisomerase subunit" ;
rdfs:comment "Topoisomerases are responsible for winding and relaxing supercoiled DNA. The subunits of gyrase (gyrA, gyrB) and topoisomerase IV (parC, parE, parY) are targeted by antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3002939 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanM cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSM, is a vanS variant found in the vanM gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3000264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emrE" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrE is a small multidrug transporter that functions as a homodimer and that couples the efflux of small polyaromatic cations from the cell with the import of protons down an electrochemical gradient. EmrE is found in E. coli and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3002604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA4" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA4 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and chromosomes in Bordetella parapertussis and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3008967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-620" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-620." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-8-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-8-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3001688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-317" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-317 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')-IVa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(2'')-IVa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. casseliflavus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000128 .
obo:ARO_3002199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-8" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3000185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic target protection protein" ;
rdfs:comment "These proteins confer antibiotic resistance by bind the antibiotic target to prevent antibiotic binding." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3006222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-27" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-27 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3004163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides abscessus 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3006821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-454" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-454 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-179" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-179 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanXY gene in vanN cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXYN, is a vanXY variant found in the vanN gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000496 .
obo:ARO_3000193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(T)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(T) is a ribosomal protection protein of streptococci. It is similar to Tet(Q)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3008196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-47" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-47." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3009427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans TAC1 with mutations conferring resistance to terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters. Mutations to Tac1 can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009563 .
obo:ARO_3009640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic efflux regulatory protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Gene products that regulate efflux of antibiotics from cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000451 .
obo:ARO_3007272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.29" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive cls" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiolipin synthetase catalyzes the formation of cardiolipin from two phosphatidylglycerol molecules. Cardiolipin is important in membrane translocation and permeabilization. The inactivation of this enzyme by antibiotics leads to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003273 .
obo:ARO_3006125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-946" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-946 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3001857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LAT-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LAT-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CVI beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CVI beta-lactamases are a class B2 beta-lactamase found in Chromobacterium violaceum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000570 .
obo:ARO_3005118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr8" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant, identified from Salmonella. These variants confers resistance to both aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3008847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-500" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class C beta-lactamase PDC-500." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "polymyxin B1" ;
rdfs:comment "Polymyxin B1 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a 6-methyloctanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_3000454 .
obo:ARO_3006193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-64" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-64 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RATA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RATA is a family of class A carbapenemases identified from the chromosome of Riemerella anatipestifer." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-49" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-49 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-23" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-23 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002347 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-18" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-18 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006428 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-32" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-32 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BUT-2" ;
rdfs:comment "BUT-2 is a BUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004293 .
obo:ARO_3002130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-119" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-119 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-3" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-18" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-18 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3007842 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Lahey list of beta-lactamases" ;
rdfs:comment "A historical list of beta-lactamase names, a minority without public sequence data, maintained by Drs. Karen Bush, George Jacoby, and Timothy Palzkill. Since subsumed by curation efforts at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/305729." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3009655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Va" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Va is an aminoglycoside modifying enzyme identified from Aeromonas hydrophila, and associated with decreased susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics including ribostamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 .
obo:ARO_3007714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-286-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-286." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3006371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-202" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-202 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracenomycin A2" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracenomycin A2 is a tetracenomycin antibiotic, a methyl ester and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007034 .
obo:ARO_3000456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiamphenicol" ;
rdfs:comment "Derivative of Chloramphenicol. The nitro group (-NO2) is substituted by a sulfomethyl group (-SO2CH3)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000387 .
obo:ARO_3008694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1284" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50-var family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1284." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LYS228" ;
rdfs:comment "A monobactam with potent activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Stable to metallo-B-lactamases and serine carbapenemases resulting in potency against the majority of extended-spectrum B-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains tested." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000004 .
obo:ARO_3005251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-213" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005956 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-752" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-752 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-211" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-211 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3006150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-41" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-41 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005273 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-243" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-243 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-429" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-429 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-158" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-158 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-35" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-35 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3008153 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-264" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-264." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-240" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-240 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(6)" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000218 .
obo:ARO_3001132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-78" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-78 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-307" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-307 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-41" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-41 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3007026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "salB" ;
rdfs:comment "salB is a ABC-F subfamily protein gene that confers resistance to lincosamides and class A streptogramins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007030 .
obo:ARO_3000791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdsC" ;
rdfs:comment "MdsC is the outer membrane channel of the multidrug and metal efflux complex MdsABC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-22" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-22 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-6" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-5-6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3006036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-842" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-842 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3006605 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-226" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-226 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000714 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "folate synthesis enzyme targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes in the folate synthesis pathway are targeted by two main classes of antibiotics: sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines. Inhibition of these enzymes block the production of key precursors for nucleotides and amino acids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3008788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-17" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitroimidazole antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3005564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-28" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-28 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3005664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-241" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-241 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-260" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-260 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-58" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase GES-58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-568" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-568 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Serine/threonine kinases" ;
rdfs:comment "The eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr kinase (STKs) IreK (intrinsic resistance of enterococci kinase) belongs to a family of transmembrane kinases defined by the presence of multiple extracellular PASTA (penicillin-binding protein and serine/threonine kinase associated) domains. In prokaryotes, STKs modulate cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, and secondary metabolism. When the external environment changes, prokaryotes rely on signal transduction systems, including STKs that quickly sense these changes and alter gene expression to induce the appropriate metabolic changes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3002516 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-3 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3009481 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to boscalid" ;
rdfs:comment "Boscalid interrupts the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but mutations to beta-tubulin can cause resistance to this antifungal compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009318 .
obo:ARO_3007627 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin I" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3003708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "panipenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Panipenem is a carbapenem antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of in vitro activity covering a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacterial. It is used in combination with betamipron to inhibit panipenem uptake into the renal tubule and prevent nephrotoxicity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3007141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BLI-489" ;
rdfs:comment "BLI-489 is an experimental beta-lactamase inhibitor that exhibits broad spectrum activity against class A, B, and D carbapenemases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007130 .
obo:ARO_3007499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triazole antifungal" ;
rdfs:comment "Triazoles are a group of antibiotics, particularly antifungals, derived from azoles. Triazoles include fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007495 .
obo:ARO_3008715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1305" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1305." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005833 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-612" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-612 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3000614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(E)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(E) is a proton motive efflux pump in Streptococcus pneumoniae that confers resistance to macrolides. It is found on the same operon as mefA and the ABC-efflux pump mel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000747 .
obo:ARO_3003006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blt" ;
rdfs:comment "blt is an MFS efflux pump that confers resistance to multiple drugs such as rhodamine and acridine dyes, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-581" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-581." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001815 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3005150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "PAC-1 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase from the PAC beta-lactamase family. It is found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005149 .
obo:ARO_3007216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-39" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-39 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3007188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanP cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "vanH variant in the vanP cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3009385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium solani myosin-5 with mutations conferring resistance against phenamacril" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in myosin-5 (also called myosin V) confer resistance against the fungicide phenamacril. Fusarium species produce myotoxins that are pathogenic to mammals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009384 .
obo:ARO_3007350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "galangin" ;
rdfs:comment "Galangin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3006358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-189" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-189 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-89" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-89 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001107 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-50" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-50 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC beta-lactamases or Ambler class C beta-lactamases are AmpC beta-lactamases. They possess an interesting resistance phenotype due to their low activity against cephamycins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3001186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-147" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-147 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3005901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-694" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-694 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cprS" ;
rdfs:comment "cprS is part of a two-component regulatory system that, with its counterpart cprR, induces the Arn operon in the presence of cationic peptides to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3007288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.6" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-13" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-13 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3008829 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-482" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-482." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FKS2 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3002447 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-14" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-14 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-85" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-85 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005385 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-57" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-57 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_171476789.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-169" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-169 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002154 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-23" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-23 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3004043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli acrA" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrA is a subunit of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000207 .
obo:ARO_3002098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-85" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-85 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1164" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1164." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VAM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "VAM beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Vibrio alginolyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3005503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-55" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-55 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008164 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-275" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-275." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ascorbic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "The production of pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases its virulence, fitness and biofilm formation. Ascorbic acid combined with furanone-30 elevated quorum-sensing inhibition in P. aeruginosa, which was directly associated with significantly reduced virulence, adhesion, aggregation and biofilm formation and enhanced antibiotic-mediated bacterial killing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3000593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmQ" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmQ confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3005237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-1b-b" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001771 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-57" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-57 is a beta-lactamase found in Burkholderia pseudomallei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007718 .
obo:ARO_3001337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-99" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-99 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007507 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "Terbinafine is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from allylamine. Terbinafine is active against a broad range of fungi and yeast. It was discovered in 1983." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007498 .
obo:ARO_3000927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-58" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-58 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Moraxella catarrhalis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA subunit of M. catarrhalis shown clinically to confer resistance to macrolide class antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3002526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-Id" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-Id is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007393 .
obo:ARO_3000867 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oleandomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Oleandomycin is a 14-membered macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus. It is ssimilar to erythromycin, and contains a desosamine amino sugar and an oleandrose sugar. It targets the 50S ribosomal subunit to prevent protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3006803 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-434" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-434 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-60" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-60 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EstT" ;
rdfs:comment "EstT is a gene encoding for a serine-dependent macrolide alpha/beta-hydrolase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000320 .
obo:ARO_3008113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-176" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-176." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-60" ;
rdfs:comment "An ADC beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3006386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-217" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-217 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Escherichia coli dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003415 .
obo:ARO_3004019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "para-aminosalicylic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is an anti-tubercular antibiotic agent, often used in conjunction with Isoniazid for treatment of M. tuberculosis infections. PAS diminishes bacterial cell growth by limiting folic acid production." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007159 .
obo:ARO_3002387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BEL-3" ;
rdfs:comment "BEL-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002384 .
obo:ARO_3000113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vga-type ABC-F protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Vga-type plasmid-borne ABC-F proteins, expressed in staphylococci that confer resistance to streptogramin A antibiotics through ribosomal protection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004469 .
obo:ARO_3002473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-17" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-17 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3008874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-527" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-527." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001763 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-308" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-308 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA mutations conferring resistance to prothionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ethA conferring resistance to prothionamide, an analogue to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005104 .
obo:ARO_3005091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RanA" ;
rdfs:comment "RanA is a part of the RanARanB ABC-type efflux system. Alongside RanB, it confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008221 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-87" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-87." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-15" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-15 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3008799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-28" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-28." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005078 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-8" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-8 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was first described by Clemente et al." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3006092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-904" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-904 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3002505 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-6" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zidebactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Zidebactam is a diazabicyclooctane that inhibitors a variety of class A and C beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007008 .
obo:ARO_3005919 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-712" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-712 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CMA-1 is a CMA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005397 .
obo:ARO_3007642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus spp. fcyB conferring resistance to 5-flucytosine via reduced permeability" ;
rdfs:comment "FcyB encodes for purine-cytosine permease in fungal cells. Downregulation or absence of fcyB confers resistance to antibiotics by preventing entry into the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007641 .
obo:ARO_3003571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin 1" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainin1 is an antimicrobial peptides produced by amphibians as part of their innate immune system. It is derived from the Xenopus laevis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000694 .
obo:ARO_3008180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase FOX-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3001760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-305" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-305 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphG" ;
rdfs:comment "The mphG gene encodes a macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase found in Photobacterium damselae sharing sequence similarity to mphA in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3004391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diffusion method" ;
rdfs:comment "Microbial species are inoculated in a growth medium onto which antimicrobial agents are transferred by diffusion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3004766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CGA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CGA-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium gleum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004765 .
obo:ARO_3000105 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphorylation of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphorylation of antibiotic usually by ATP, sometimes GTP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_3009622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant fungal 14 alpha demethylase" ;
rdfs:comment "Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase is involved in a critical step in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. It's encoded by ERG11 (Cyp51) which is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative removal of the 14 alpha methyl group from lanosterol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3005640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-217" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-217 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaF family beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A Beta-lactamases first isolated from Mycolicibacterium fortuitum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-11" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-11." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3009396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pichia kudriavzevii ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3006616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-238" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-238 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-167" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-167 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-58" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-58 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-17" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-17 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3008917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-570" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-570." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-116" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-116 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans Ura6 uridylate kinase with mutations conferring resistance to 5-fluorocytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "Uridylate kinase that catalyzes an enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting uridine monophosphate into uridine-5 (prime)-diphosphate. It's mutation might cause the inhibition of steps involved in the production of toxic compounds derived from 5-FC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009632 .
obo:ARO_3008512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1094" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1094." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanN" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to vanC, contains a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase. The plasmid-located vanM gene cluster is inducible and confers low resistance to vancomycin. vanN organisms remain susceptible to teicoplanin. Gene orientation: N(XY)TRS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3001652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-131" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-131 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-243" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-243." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal mrr" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mrr genes are associated with the activation of the MDR1 efflux transporter. In fungi, mutations in this gene result in antifungal resistance in some fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009238 .
obo:ARO_3007398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Werkgroep Richtlijnen Gevoeligheidsbepalingen (WRG)" ;
rdfs:comment "The WRG is a standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing methodology created by the Dutch Commissie Richtlijnen Gevoeligheidsbepalingen in 1981." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3005218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-153" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-89 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-197" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-197 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-3 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-52" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-52 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3000490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tuberactinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tuberactinomycins are a family of cyclic peptide antibiotics that are important in the treatment of tuberculosis. Tuberactinomycins contain nonproteinogenic amino acids and inhibit group I self-splicing RNA to disrupt prokaryotic protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3009464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Zymoseptoria tritici MgAtr with mutations conferring resistance to cyproconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "MgAtr is an Atr gene, encoding an efflux pump that reduces azole efficacy when mutated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009463 .
obo:ARO_3004330 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Enterococcus faecium or Enterococcus faecalis that has tested non-susceptible (NS) to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3005443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SFC beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004845 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-42" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A broad-spectrum beta-lactamase from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3008394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MUN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MUN family extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase MUN-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007871 .
obo:ARO_3000812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mtrE" ;
rdfs:comment "MtrE is an outer membrane exporter protein that is part of the MtrCDE multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin I" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3004878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant clpC1" ;
rdfs:comment "clpC1 is a subunit of the clp protease that is ATP-dependent. It functions to direct the clp protease to specific substrates. In the presence of ATP it hydrolyses proteins and may be involved in the degradation of denatured proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004877 .
obo:ARO_3003646 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-162" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-162 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae mtrR with mutation conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "MtrR is a repressor of mtrCDE efflux pump expression, point mutations in mtrR confer resistance to azithromycin and other drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3000606 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FEZ-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FEZ-1 is an Ambler class B MBL; subclass B3 first isolated from Legionella gormanii. It has activity against a broad range of beta-lactams and is only active with two Zn(II) ions in the active site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004211 .
obo:ARO_3005427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MYX beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MYX beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Myxococcus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-665" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter rudis efficiently inactivating carbapenems and amoxicillin conferring resistance to cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-49" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-49 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3004211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FEZ beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The FEZ family of beta-lactamases are subclass B3 beta-lactamases that hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3002577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib4" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ib4 is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Serratia spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EdeQ" ;
rdfs:comment "EdeQ is an N-acetyltransferase enzyme that confers high-level self-resistance to edeine in Brevibacillus brevis, a natural edeine producer. EdeQ converts active edeine to N-acetyledeine, which is ineffective in vivo." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 , obo:ARO_3004064 .
obo:ARO_3006289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-110" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-110 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-18" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-18 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-862" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-862 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "basR" ;
rdfs:comment "Response regulator for Lipid A modification genes; two-component system involved in polymyxin resistance that senses high extracellular Fe(2+)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3008618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1206" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1206." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(3'')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000218 .
obo:ARO_3006014 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-815" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-815 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3003033 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexY" ;
rdfs:comment "MexY is the RND-type membrane protein of the efflux complex MexXY-OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009152 .
obo:ARO_3008175 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-12" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-12." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3002634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')-Ie" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(2'')-Ie is a plasmid or transposon-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. faecium and E. casseliflavus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000128 .
obo:ARO_3004947 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis alr with mutation conferring resistance to cycloserine" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the alr mutation contribute to or confer resistance to cycloserine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004946 .
obo:ARO_3002615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA15" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA15 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3001720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-264" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-264 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007707 .
obo:ARO_3007250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.37" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1129" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1129." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3005600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-177" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-177 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(6)-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(6)-Ia is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and chromosomes in Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. faecium, Streptococcus suis, S. aureus, E. faecalis and Streptococcus mitis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007399 .
obo:ARO_3009537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyrenopeziza brassicae Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to prothioconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3009109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "other cephalosporins and penems" ;
rdfs:comment "This subfamily includes other penem and cephalosporin antibiotics without defined classification by generation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000032 .
obo:ARO_3001506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-311" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-311 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-522" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-522." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Is" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Is is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Acinetobacter variabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3005978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-774" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-774 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tinidazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Tinidazole is a nitroimidazole anti-parasitic drug. It is used in the treatment of protozoan infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004115 .
obo:ARO_3001801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-147" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-147 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008482 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1064" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1064." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridium sporogenes cplR" ;
rdfs:comment "CplR is an ABC-F ATPase ribosomal protection protein from Clostridium sporogenes which confers resistance to pleuromutilins and lincosamides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3001147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-95" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-95 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003585 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella mutant PhoP conferring antibiotic resistance to colistin" ;
rdfs:comment "A mutant phoP activates pmrHFIJKLM expression responsible for L-aminoarabinose synthesis and polymyxin resistance, by way of alteration of negative charge." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000834 , obo:ARO_3003580 .
obo:ARO_3004320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Klebsiella oxytoca or Klebsiella pneumoniae that has tested resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3009063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-244" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-244." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-194" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-194." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-34" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-34 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(O/32/O)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(O/32/O) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3006587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-209" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-209 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-2 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3007504 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amphotericin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Amphotericin B is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from polyene. It exhibits strong antifungal action against a variety of fungi species and is typically considered the gold standard of antifungals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007497 .
obo:ARO_3008541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1123" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1123." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bedaquiline" ;
rdfs:comment "A diarylquinoline antibiotic drug sold under the brand name Sirturo, used to treat infection from Mycobacterium spp., particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Bedaquiline disrupts ATP synthase by proton pump blockage, inhibiting ATP synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004491 .
obo:ARO_3008607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1191" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1191." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3001350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-180" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-180 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces rimosus otr(A)" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptomyces rimosus otr(A) is an oxytetracycline resistance ribosomal protection protein found in Streptomyces rimosus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3001557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-371" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-371 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-77" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-77 is a beta-lactamase found in Kluyvera spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-282" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-282 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3001511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-323" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-323 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-24" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-24 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-264" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-264 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "betaxolol" ;
rdfs:comment "Betaxolol is a selective beta1 receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 19.3 plus or minus 0.9 uM significantly inhibiting the hydrolytic activity of the NDM-1 enzyme and may represent a potential NDM-1 enzyme inhibitor. BET combined with meropenem (MEM) showed bactericidal synergism in vitro. BET inhibited NDM-1 by competitively binding to it and that it can be developed in combination with MEM as a new therapy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3002213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-22" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-22 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-9" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-9 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3005129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-51" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-51 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "wychimicin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Wychimicin A is a spirotetronate polyketides from Actinocrispum wychmicini MI503-A4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007486 .
obo:ARO_3007941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-178" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-178." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007826 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-48" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-48 is a class A carbapenem-hydrolyzing GES-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-40" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-40 [Enterobacter hormaechei] Accession: WP_115470049.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bla2" ;
rdfs:comment "Bla2 is a chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamase, found in Bacillus anthracis, which has penicillin, cephalosporin, and carbapenem-hydrolizing abilities." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004230 .
obo:ARO_3006836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-470" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-470 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-199" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-199 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-133" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-133 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-89" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-89 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rmtF" ;
rdfs:comment "RmtF is a 16S rRNA methyltransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which methylates G1405 of the 16S rRNA. It confers high level resistance to many aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004271 .
obo:ARO_3008683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1273" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1273." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flucloxacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Flucloxacillin is similar to cloxacillin, with an extra additional fluorine atom." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009125 .
obo:ARO_3008836 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-489" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-489." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces ambofaciens 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Streptomyces ambofaciens shown to confer resistance to macrolide type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3007307 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphonoacetate" ;
rdfs:comment "Phosphonoacetate is an experimental inhibitor of the fosfomycin thiol transferase fosA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007290 .
obo:ARO_3006808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-440" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-440 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-151" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-151." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-3" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3005543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-3" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-3 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3005518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-70" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-70 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001338 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-100" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-100 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae. It differs from SHV-1 by a 35SESQLSGRVGMIE36 insertion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-427" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-427 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007719 .
obo:ARO_3005192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-148" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-148 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-193" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-193." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007735 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-9-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-9." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3007076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "emerione A" ;
rdfs:comment "A fungal secondary metabolite which inhibits the action of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3008362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-67" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-67." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-11" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3000707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic mixture" ;
rdfs:comment "Mixtures of antibiotics are commonly used clinically. These mixtures link to antibiotic molecules that are also listed in their respective families under antibiotic molecules. i.e. 'Gramicidin A' is part of the mixture 'gramicidin D', while 'Gramicidin A' is also a 'gramicidin', which is a 'peptide antibiotic'." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3001434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-41" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-41 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-57" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-57 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lin" ;
rdfs:comment "Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e lin gene for lincomycin resistance ABC-F type ribosomal protection protein, complete CDS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3006025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-828" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-828 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-11" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3009019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A6" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3004625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS12" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS12 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3006086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-894" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-894 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-405" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-405 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 C-5 sterol desaturase with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009624 .
obo:ARO_3007784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "zosurabalpin" ;
rdfs:comment "Zosurabalpin is a macrocyclic peptide (MCP) antibiotic with potent antibacterial activity against Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The mechanism of action involves blocking the transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide from the inner membrane to its destination on the outer membrane, through inhibition of the LptB2FGC complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007783 .
obo:ARO_3005599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-176" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-176 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hygromycin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Hygromycin B works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Hygromycin B has also been shown to interact with eukaryotic cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3006278 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-84" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-84 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase HER-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3001069 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-10" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-10 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-167" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-167 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3000112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter" ;
rdfs:comment "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters utilize the cationic gradient across the membrane as an energy source. Although there is a diverse substrate specificity, almost all MATE transporters recognize fluoroquinolones. Arciflavine, ethidium and aminoglycosides are also good substrates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3000792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtA" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtA is the membrane fusion protein of the multidrug efflux complex mdtABC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-944" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-274 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-944." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007713 .
obo:ARO_3000592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmN" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmN is a methyltransferase found in the tylosin producer Streptomyces fradiae. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. Specifically, this enzyme transfers only one methyl group. The gene is found in the tylosin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance to tylosin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3006241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-46" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-46 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008590 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1172" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1172." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3000753 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "abeM" ;
rdfs:comment "AbeM is an multidrug efflux pump found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3005326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-571" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-571 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-60 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007729 .
obo:ARO_0010004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) proteins are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and have diverse substrate specificities and physiological roles. However, there are relatively few RND transporters and they are secondary transporters, energized not by ATP binding/hydrolysis but by proton movement down the transmembrane electrochemical gradient." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3007881 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFDC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SFDC is a family of extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamases which confer resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3007837 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-58" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-58 is a PSE family class A carbenicillin-hydrolyzing CARB-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3007604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007600 .
obo:ARO_3000912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-43" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-43 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hinokitiol" ;
rdfs:comment "Hinokitiol (beta-thujaplicin), a natural tropolone derivative found in the heartwood of cupressaceous plants, has been widely used in oral and skin care products as an antimicrobial agent, specifically to enhance tetracyclines against Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007224 .
obo:ARO_3005611 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-188" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-188 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-258" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-258." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009532 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Phakospora pachyrhizi Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to cyproconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-602" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-602 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-324" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-324." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-316" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-316 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfr(B)" ;
rdfs:comment "cfr(B) has been observed in mobile genetic elements in E. faecium and Clostridioides difficile and confers resistance to linezolid, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and retapamulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004609 .
obo:ARO_3001500 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-251" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-251 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3005124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-63" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-63 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000128 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(2'')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3001075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-16" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-16 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. It differs from SHV-1 by a 163DRWET167 insertion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pneumoniae 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae shown to confer resistance to macrolide type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3003399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of helix 44, in the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to kanamycin A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3009390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus Cdc6 with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cdc6 is a gene involved in DNA replication initiation by forming and maintaining the pre-replicative complex and serving as a loading factor for the Mcm proteins onto chromatin. Its combination with a separate, seemingly independent FKS2 mutation results in echinocandin resistance that is more prominent than echinocandin resistance conferred by the FKS2 mutation alone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009392 .
obo:ARO_3007906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-124" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-124." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-8" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-8 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004226 .
obo:ARO_3008244 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-114" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-114." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114d" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114d is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3002846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arr-1" ;
rdfs:comment "arr-1 is a chromosome-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000390 .
obo:ARO_3008468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1049" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1049." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3003512 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica 16S rRNA (rrsD) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 34 region of the rrsD 16S rRNA gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3005223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-194" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-31" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-31 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "General Bacterial Porin with reduced permeability to peptide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "These are GBPs that are associated with decreased susceptibility to peptide antibiotics either through mutations in the porin protein, absence of the porin protein, or expression of the porin protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004277 .
obo:ARO_3005981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-777" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-777 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3002537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIIb" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIIb is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007386 .
obo:ARO_3005770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-546" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-546 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3001603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-412" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-412 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-3" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3008575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1157" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1157." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3002313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-3" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-61" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-61 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006728 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-359" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-359 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arnA" ;
rdfs:comment "arnA modifies lipid A with 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N) which allows gram-negative bacteria to resist the antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics such as polymyxin. arnA is found in E. coli and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3001188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-149" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-149 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.1" ;
rdfs:comment "MCR-2 is a plasmid-borne phosphoethanolamine transferase that interferes with binding of colistin to the cell membrane via addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, resulting in reduction of the negative charge of the cell membrane. Originally identified in a Belgian sample of Escherichia coli by Xavier et al, (2016)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "The Cyp51A enzyme plays a key role in sterol biosynthesis in fungi. While azoles target lanosterol demethylase to disrupt ergosterol production, carbendazim functions differently as a benzimidazole, binding to beta-tubulin and preventing microtubule assembly. Although Cyp51A is not directly involved in the benomyl target pathway, concurrent mutations in sterol biosynthesis genes like Cyp51A have been associated in some studies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009546 .
obo:ARO_3007476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium abscessus atpE with mutation conferring resistance to bedaquiline" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the ATPase subunit C atpE gene, which is involved with the production of ATP, confer resistance to bedaquiline by altering the antibiotic's target." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007477 .
obo:ARO_3006843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-58" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-58 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005039 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-55" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-55 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114x" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114x is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3003485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chlamydophila psittaci 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 16S rRNA helix 34 region of Chlamydophila psittaci can confer resistance against spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3004030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RosAB" ;
rdfs:comment "An efflux pump/potassium antiporter system (RosAB) formed by the RosA and RosB proteins found in Yersinia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002835 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuA" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuA is a plasmid-mediated nucleotidyltransferase found in Staphylococcus chromogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3006656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-282" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-282 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-23" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-23." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3006933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-28" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-28 is a LEN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3009079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-18" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3000467 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-5" ;
rdfs:comment "New Delhi beta-lactamase NDM-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-142" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-142." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexR" ;
rdfs:comment "MexR is the repressor of the MexRAB-OprM operon. Mutant forms of mexR result in up-regulation of efflux pump system MexAB-OprM." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3002253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-15" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-15 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB3" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB3 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant mas" ;
rdfs:comment "Mas is a multifunctional mycocerosic acid synthase membrane-associated mas. It catalyzes the elongation of N-fatty acyl-CoA with methylamalonyl-CoA as the elongating agent to form mycocerosyl fatty acids present in mycobacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004881 .
obo:ARO_3000694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainins are antimicrobial peptides produced by amphibians skil cells as part of their innate immune system. It is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi and protozoa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3007795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azalomycin F" ;
rdfs:comment "Azalomycin F, a natural guanidyl-containing polyhydroxy macrolide produced by many streptomycete strains, can target the LTA of Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3005840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-619" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-619 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3004754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIL Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BIL beta-lactamase is plasmid-borne and is a class C beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3000883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-11" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-11 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant mshC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur on the mshC gene resulting in the inability for isoniazid to function. It catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of GlcN-Ins and L-cysteine to form L-Cys-GlcN-Ins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004889 .
obo:ARO_3005181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-146" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-146 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.13" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated phosphoethanolamine transferase and MCR-1 variant identified from Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(G)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetG is a tetracycline efflux protein found in Gram-negative bacteria. The encoding gene is found in both chromosomal and plasmid DNA where it is frequently linked to the floR, sul1, and cmlA9 genes which encode proteins that can confer florfenicol/chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol resistance, respectively." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-182" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-182 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3000253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanD" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to vanA, contains a D-Ala-D-Lac ligase. This cluster is constitutively expressed in the chromosome due to a dysfunctional D-ala-D-ala ligase and confers moderate resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. Gene orientation: vanRSYHDX." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3006501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-125" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-125 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB49" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB49 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-508" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-508 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-189" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name OXA-189 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1027" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1027." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive embA" ;
rdfs:comment "EmbA is an arabinosyltransferase that works as a heterodimer with EmbB. It is involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan, a component of the mycobacterial cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000725 .
obo:ARO_3005071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "corbomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycopeptide antibiotic which binds to essential peptidoglycan hydrolases, thereby preventing autolysis and cell wall remodelling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3009438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3004901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid resistant mshA" ;
rdfs:comment "mshA is a glycosyltransferase and is involved in the first step of mycothiol biosynthesis. This is a step that is required for growth in mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance has been shown in the gene to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004900 .
obo:ARO_3005874 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-659" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-659 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3006648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-274" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-274 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA of bacteria can confer resistance to aminoglycosides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3004074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MuxB" ;
rdfs:comment "MuxB is one of the two necessary RND components in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump system MuxABC-OpmB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanA" ;
rdfs:comment "This inducible cluster confers high resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin by allowing restructuring of peptidoglycan precursors to end in D-Ala-D-Lac. The vanA gene cluster can be located either on plasmids or on the chromosome. Gene orientation: vanRSHAXYZ." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3005350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DfrB9" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrB9 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3006075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-883" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-883 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-106" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-106 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations within the 530 loop of the 16S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in resistance against streptomycin. These mutations do not directly inhibit the binding of streptomycin, but is hypothesized that they interfere with conformational perturbations that account for streptomycin's action on the ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3008400 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-52" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-52." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB74" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB74 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cpa acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetyltransferases of the cpa family confer resistance to capreomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000121 .
obo:ARO_3000781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeJ" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeJ is a RND efflux protein that acts as the inner membrane transporter of the AdeIJK efflux complex. It has 57% identity with E. coli AcrB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3007050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mreA" ;
rdfs:comment "mreA is a macrolide efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114q" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114q is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3006731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-361" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-361 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000800 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexC" ;
rdfs:comment "MexC is the membrane fusion protein of the MexCD-OprJ multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VIIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-VIIIa is an aminoglycoside phosphoryltransferase that acts on the 3-OH target of aminoglycosides found in Streptomyces rimosus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3005989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-786" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-786 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3001894 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-32" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-32 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium intracellulare 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycobacterium intracellulare shown to confer resistance to clarithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3004341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-78" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-203" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-203 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-32" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-32 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-46" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase kpc-46 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_148044421.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007465 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-95" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-95 is an IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MdtK" ;
rdfs:comment "A multidrug and toxic compound extrusions (MATE) transporter conferring resistance to norfloxacin, doxorubicin and acriflavine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3002350 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-21" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-21 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3004222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ESP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ESP family beta-lactamases are subclass B3 (metallo-) beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3003040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactam resistant penicillin-binding proteins" ;
rdfs:comment "Pencillin-binding proteins are transpeptidase proteins essential for cell wall synthesis. PBPs bind to penicillin antibiotics, which inactivates the enzyme and therefore disrupts cell wall synthesis. Multiple mechanisms and determinants are implicated in antibiotic resistant PBP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3002122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-111" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-111 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SHN-1 is a SHN beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005446 .
obo:ARO_3006267 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-73" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-73 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-151" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-151 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3006457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-137" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-137 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3006252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-57" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-57 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-982" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-982." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3008625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1215" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-286 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1215." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3002375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-5" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-5 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-20" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-20 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAE beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CAE beta-lactamases are a novel class A serine beta-lactamase family first isolated from Comamonas aquatica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-170" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-170 is a beta-lactamase. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-41" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-41 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3008831 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-484" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-484." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-22" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-21" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-21 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-1 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3009148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexJK" ;
rdfs:comment "The MexJK efflux pump system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is unique in that it can function independently of an outer membrane protein (OMP), distinguishing it from many other efflux systems. MexJK is a multidrug efflux pump complex composed of MexJ and MexK as its primary components. This system serves as a core transport mechanism, working with outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and harmful compounds, thereby contributing to multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 , obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-9" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000098 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC beta-lactamases are class C beta-lactamases that are found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3008552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1134" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1134." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus mupA conferring resistance to mupirocin" ;
rdfs:comment "An alternative isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase conferring resistance to mupirocin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000446 .
obo:ARO_3005390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALG6 beta-lactamases" ;
rdfs:comment "ALG6 beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3009649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA (adenine(2058)-N(6))-methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass of 23S rRNA methyltransferase enzymes which dimethylate adenine at position 2058, a modification associated with the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) antibiotic resistance phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004274 .
obo:ARO_3007152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "isoniazid-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics containing isoniazid and its derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3004352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-89" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007403 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 4'-O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes which inactivate amikacin, tobramycin & dibekacin by catalyzing the transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000229 .
obo:ARO_3005952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-748" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-748 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003388 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dapsone resistant dihydropteroate synthase folP" ;
rdfs:comment "Dapsone inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with with para-aminobenzoate for the active site of dihydropteroate synthetase. Thus acts as a competitive inhibitor of folP. Point mutation within the folP gene results in lowered affinity of dapsone for folP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000226 .
obo:ARO_3004501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-6.1" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2 phosphoethanolamine transferase and polymyxin resistance gene variant identified in Moraxella isolated from pigs in the United Kingdom." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-736" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-736 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3002705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "floR" ;
rdfs:comment "floR is a plasmid or chromosome-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. DT104 and Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003963 .
obo:ARO_3000449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FomB" ;
rdfs:comment "An enzyme which on its own cannot provide fosfomycin resistance, however in conjunction with FomA, it leads to the formation of fosfomycin with three phosphates total, which makes it inactive." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004246 .
obo:ARO_3009492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51c with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sul2" ;
rdfs:comment "Sul2 is a sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase of Gram-negative bacteria, usually found on small plasmids." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004238 .
obo:ARO_3002645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IIb" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-IIb is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007408 .
obo:ARO_3003441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfrA" ;
rdfs:comment "CfrA is a chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene and methyltransferase enzyme. Methylation of position 8 of A2503 in 23S rRNA confers resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics first identified by Schwarz 2000 as cfr from Mammaliicoccus sciuri. Additional Oxazolidinone resistance mediated by the cfr gene in a human isolated was first reported from Colombia in linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004607 .
obo:ARO_3008593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1175" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1175." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008871 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-524" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-524." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA3" ;
rdfs:comment "CEPH-A3 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas veronii. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3001319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fidaxomicin" ;
rdfs:comment "A narrow spectrum antibiotic effective against Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). It is active against gram positive and gram negative bacteria by inhibiting RNA polymerase's switch region leading to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001318 .
obo:ARO_3001927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-66" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-66 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-515" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-515 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3007034 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracenomycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracenomycin antibiotics are aromatic polyketides that inhibit translation by binding to the large ribosomal subunit within the polypeptide exit tunnel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007138 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "S02030" ;
rdfs:comment "S02030 is an experimental metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor that exhibits activity against MOX-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3001316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azamulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Azamulin is a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin derivative that failed Stage 1 clinical trials due to poor bioavailability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000670 .
obo:ARO_3001166 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-117" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name SHV-117 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus tubingensis Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3008743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-966" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-966." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3004268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004112 .
obo:ARO_3008247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-117" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-117." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CepA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CepA beta-lactamases are Class A beta-lactamases found in Bateroides fragilis and have the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-304" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-304 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3000489 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sav1866" ;
rdfs:comment "Sav1866 is a multidrug efflux pump in the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. It is a homolog of the human ABC transporter Mdr1 and pumps out toxic compounds including verapamil, tetraphenylphosphorchloride, and Hoechst 33342." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3000268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mec operon" ;
rdfs:comment "The mec operon is composed of mecA/mecR1/mecI." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000231 .
obo:ARO_3003104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA8" ;
rdfs:comment "cphA8 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas sobria. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3007365 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefepime-enmetazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "A mixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic cepefime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor enmetazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_0000070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ertapenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Ertapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic and is highly resistant to beta-lactamases like other carbapenems. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3009486 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fusarium graminearum Cyp51B with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-33" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-33 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin G" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3000729 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribosomal complex" ;
rdfs:comment "The ribosomal complex can be targeted by antibiotics that stabilize the entire complex and prevent further translation. These antibiotics target both subunits in the process of protein translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000711 .
obo:ARO_3006525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-148" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-148 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000878 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-6" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-6 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(V)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetV is a tetracycline efflux protein that has been found in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-19" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3000373 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EmrKY-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "EmrKY is a homolog of EmrAB found in E. coli. Together with TolC, it is a tripartite multidrug transporter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3005282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-413" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-413 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-6" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-6 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-577" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-577." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PmpM" ;
rdfs:comment "PmpM is a multidrug efflux pump belonging to the MATE family of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PmpM is an H+ drug antiporter and is the first reported case of an H+ coupled efflux pump in the MATE family. PmpM confers resistance to fluoroquinolones, fradiomycin, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, ethidium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPPCl), and rhodamine 6G." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3000116 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanZ" ;
rdfs:comment "VanZ is a teicoplanin resistance gene that is an accessory protein. VanZ prevents the incorporation of the terminal D-Ala into peptidoglycan subunits." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3006887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FIA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FIA-1 is a FIA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005412 .
obo:ARO_3006230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-1c" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-1c is a ACC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001815 .
obo:ARO_3004513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.6" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1 polymyxin resistance gene variant identified from colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica (serovar typhimurium) isolate, carried by an IncP plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-187" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-187 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in P. mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005093 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-899" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-899 is a class D beta-lactamase and part of the OXA family. It confers resistance to B-lactams and was originally found in Ralstonia pikettii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3000742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "anaerobe DNA" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA in anaerobes are targeted by antibiotics that are converted to an active form in the anaerobe environment. For nitroimidazoles, the antibiotic is reduced to a highly oxidative intermediate that causes DNA oxidation and double-stranded breaks." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000738 .
obo:ARO_3003985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "amidohydrolysis of bacitracin undecaprenyl pyrophosphate" ;
rdfs:comment "Hydrolysis of amido side-chain of asparagine-12 forming hydrogen bond with undecaprenyl pyrophosphate in bacitracin leading to antibiotic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000040 .
obo:ARO_3006378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-209" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-209 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002857 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA26" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA26 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3001097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-39" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-39 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Debaryomyces hansenii CDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "CDR genes encode ABC efflux pumps that, when over expressed, confer resistance to azole antifungal compounds. This event prevents the effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009440 .
obo:ARO_3002342 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-13" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-13 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adjuvants which alter physiology" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of antibiotic adjuvants which indirectly increase antibiotic susceptibility through alterations to cellular physiology, for example those adjuvants which inhibit biofilm formation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000076 .
obo:ARO_3006047 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-855" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-855 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PFM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PFM beta-lactamases are class B2 beta-lactamases found in Pseudomonas fluorescens." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000570 .
obo:ARO_3009418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans FKS1 with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotic micafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3007537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA (rrnS) mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in M. tuberculosis rrnS conferring resistance to kanamycin antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3002231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-40" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-40 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005862 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-642" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-642 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-10" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3002515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-2 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamase in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3008334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-212" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-212." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-41" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-41 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3000220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrB" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in gyrB confer antibiotic resistance by preventing drugs from binding the beta-subunit of gyrase, essential for DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000370 .
obo:ARO_3008893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-546" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-546." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003377 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrnB) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' major domain of helix 35, in the rrnB gene operon for 16S rRNA of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3006911 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA19" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA19 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3003567 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "magainin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Magainins A are antimicrobial peptides produced by amphibians as part of their innate immune system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000694 .
obo:ARO_3009497 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to ravuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arr)" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzyme responsible for the ADP-ribosylative inactivation of rifampin at the 23-OH position using NAD+." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000576 .
obo:ARO_3004781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ERP beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ERP is a class A beta-lactamase gene family found in Erwinia persicina." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanF cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRF, is a vanR variant found in the vanF gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3009197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal pyrimidine metabolism pathway enzyme targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including uracil phosphoribosyltransferases and uridylate kinases, among others. Certain antifungal drugs target these enzymes to disrupt this pathway, for example by preventing the formation of UMP, thereby hindering cellular metabolism and resulting in cell death. Mutations in these enzymes may prevent antifungal activity and are thus associated with antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3009218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002928 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanM cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRM, is a vanR variant found in the vanM gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3008564 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1146" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1146." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3009644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase family originally identified from metagenomic assembly of Alteromonas mangrovi. These chromosomal resistance genes have been shown to confer resistance to carbapenem antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3005850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-629" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-629 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3004294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BUT-1" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosome-encoded class C cephalosporinase and penicillinase from Buttiauxella spp. shown clinically to confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Described by Fihman et al. 2002." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004293 .
obo:ARO_3004562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in gyrB of Clostridioides difficile conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3001125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-71" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-71 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin F2b" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3002573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Iae" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Iae is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa and S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-451" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-451 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3003883 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-77" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-77 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3001565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-379" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-379 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-63" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-63 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005818 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-597" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-597 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3002146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-15" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-15 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3009593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida dubliniensis FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3006136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-15" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-15 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3007001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TER-1" ;
rdfs:comment "TER-1 is a TER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005453 .
obo:ARO_3007083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "biapenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Biapenem is a broad spectrum injectable antibiotic belonging to the carbapenem subgroup of beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3002263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-7" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3000718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "marR" ;
rdfs:comment "MarR is a repressor of the mar operon marRAB, thus regulating the expression of marA, the activator of multidrug efflux pump AcrAB." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000219 , obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3001897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-35" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-35 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter koseri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-9" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-9." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3007707 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-214-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-214." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3009200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole-resistant fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "The P450 enzyme system, which may be alternatively named the Cyp51 enzyme system in some fungi, is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to the P450/Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007522 .
obo:ARO_3006159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-30" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-30 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bis-indole alkaloid with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "Bisindoles are structurally complex dimers and are intriguing targets for partial and total synthesis. They exhibit stronger biological activity than their corresponding monomeric units." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3003593 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-437" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-437 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3004207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KHM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "KHM beta-lactamases are Class B beta-lactamases that can confer resistance to all classes of beta-lactams, except the monobactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007490 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB11" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene found in a groundwater sample at the Horonobe Underground Research laboratory in Japan in 2017, in a Betaproteobacteria sequence." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3007746 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "embelin" ;
rdfs:comment "Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from dried berries of Embelia ribes plants. Embelin has a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility and antimicrobial. It was demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo-beta-lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo-beta-lactamases-producing bacteria. Embelin is a metal ion chelating agent." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3001634 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-80" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-80 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis eccB5 conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "eccB5 is a transmembrane protein within the ESX-5 secretion system complex. The complex is critical for mycobacterium viability and virulence in the host cell and mutations contribute to a decreased uptake of antibiotic in the outer membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004917 .
obo:ARO_3002484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-13" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-13 is a class D/class C fusion bifunctional beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004231 , obo:ARO_3004241 .
obo:ARO_3008485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1067" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1067." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance by absence" ;
rdfs:comment "Mechanism of antibiotic resistance conferred by deletion of gene (usually a porin)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3005320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-737" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-737 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3001854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-34" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-34 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3000905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-35" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-35 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-199" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CIA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "CIA-3 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004767 .
obo:ARO_3005361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-28" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase kpc-28 [Escherichia coli] Accession: WP_072081992.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-57" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-57." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-995" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-995." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3008207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HMB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase HMB-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004209 .
obo:ARO_3000889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-18" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name TEM-18 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-131" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-131 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeI" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeI is the membrane fusion protein of the AdeIJK multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004996 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive beta-prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoA)" ;
rdfs:comment "RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme that is necessary for transcription. Catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3001902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-40" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-40 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1202" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1202." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3006927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "KLUC-1 is a KLUC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005417 .
obo:ARO_3000550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aztreonam" ;
rdfs:comment "Aztreonam was the first monobactam discovered, and is greatly effective against Gram-negative bacteria while inactive against Gram-positive bacteria. Artreonam is a poor substrate for beta-lactamases, and may even act as an inhibitor. In Gram-negative bacteria, Aztreonam interferes with filamentation, inhibiting cell division and leading to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000004 .
obo:ARO_3001463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-158" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-158 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007731 .
obo:ARO_3005082 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ribosomal protein mutation conferring resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribosomal protein mutations that interfere with the rRNA conformation at the active site thus conferring antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-45" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-45 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3003719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MSI-OXA" ;
rdfs:comment "MSI-OXA is an OXA-85-like class D beta lactamase isolated from Massilia oculi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004242 .
obo:ARO_3003974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cutibacterium acnes gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Cutibacterium acnes gyrA protein known to confer resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3006491 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-113" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-113 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006740 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-37" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-37 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clbC" ;
rdfs:comment "clbC is a plasmid-encoded cfr gene found in Alkalihalobacillus clausii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004607 .
obo:ARO_3000387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenicol antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3000976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-113" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-113 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-11" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-11." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3007332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piperidine" ;
rdfs:comment "Piperidine is an alkaloid compound that is able to inhibit the activity of the NorA antibiotic efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3001002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-138" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-138 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-232" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-232 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin phosphotransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes, protein or other gene products that inactivate rifampin (rifamycin) antibiotics through phosphorylation of the antibiotic at the 21-OH position." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000576 .
obo:ARO_3001086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-28" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-28 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bacitracin B" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacitracin B is a component of bacitracin, an antibiotic mixture that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis. It differs from Bacitracin A with a valine instead of an isoleucine in its peptide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000041 .
obo:ARO_3008899 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-552" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-552." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-173" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-173 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CAR-1 is a CAR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005395 .
obo:ARO_3006070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-878" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-878 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000622 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "colistin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000022 , obo:ARO_0000067 .
obo:ARO_3009341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fbiC with mutation conferring resistance to delamanid" ;
rdfs:comment "fbiC is an enzyme in the Coenzyme F420 biosynthesis pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations in fbiC are associated with increased resistance to the antibiotic delamanid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009338 .
obo:ARO_3009222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3008698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1288" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1288." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-279" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-279 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-27" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-27 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA24" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA24 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3007727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-55-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapanem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-55." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3001623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-83" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-83 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003029 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexVW-OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "MexVW-OprM is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexV is the membrane fusion protein; MexW is the RND-type membrane protein; and OprM is the outer membrane channel. MexVW-OprM is associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and acriflavine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3009159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bifonazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Bifonazole is an antifungal compound typically used to treat skin infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007500 .
obo:ARO_3008372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-7" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase LHK-7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:ARO_3005969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-765" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-765 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefalexin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefalexin is a cephalosporin antibiotic that causes filamentation. It is resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, but degraded by enterobacterial beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3001074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-15" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-15 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008276 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-150" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-150." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-318" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-318 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ih" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Ih is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3004673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB6" ;
rdfs:comment "Fosfomycin resistance gene. High homology with FosB1 and FosB3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3005846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-625" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-625 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3006494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-116" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-116 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeA" ;
rdfs:comment "smeA is the membrane fusion protein of the smeABC multidrug efflux complex in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gramicidin S" ;
rdfs:comment "Gramicidin S is a cyclical decapeptide with two pentapeptides (Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro) joined head to tail. Like other gramicidins, Gramicidin S disrupts membrane permeability of cations while also destabilizing the membrane at higher concentrations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000123 .
obo:ARO_3001445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-123" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-123 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AdeABC" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeABC is an RND multidrug efflux system in Acinetobacter species, notably A. baunmannii. AdeA is a membrane fusion protein, AdeB is the inner membrane transporter, and AdeC is the outer membrane factor. It confers resistance to tigecycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.1" ;
rdfs:comment "MCR-4 is a plasmid-borne phosphoethanolamine transferase variant of MCR-1, isolated from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium of porcine origin in Italy, Spain and Belgium through 2013 and 2015-2016. MCR-4 confers resistance to collistin via addition of a phosphoethanolamine group to lipid A, reducing the negative charge of the cell membrane. Described by Carattoli et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3002608 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA8" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA8 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and integrons in V. cholerae, K. pneumoniae and Bacillus endophyticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3005651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-228" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-228 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CAM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase CAM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004558 .
obo:ARO_3001568 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-382" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-382 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-14" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-14." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3003704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mexM" ;
rdfs:comment "mexM is the membrane fusion protein of the MexMN-OprM multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 , obo:ARO_3009149 .
obo:ARO_3000452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant DNA topoisomerase" ;
rdfs:comment "Fluoroquinolones inhibit type II and type IV topoisomerases (2 strand breaking enzymes) such as GyrA/GyrB and ParC/ParE. Point mutations in the associated gyrA and parC genes, in particular in the 'quinolone resistance determining region' (QRDR), give rise to resistance to the class." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001704 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-87" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-87 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to fenbuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-12" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-12 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3007819 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-82" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-82 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-406" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-406 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-230" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-230 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA10" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA10 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catS" ;
rdfs:comment "catS is a chromosome-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Streptococcus pyogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3008502 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1084" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1084." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3003629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-473" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-473 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3007706 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-213-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213-like enzymes have been identified to be intrinsic to A. calcoaceticus and have been subsequently detected in A. pittii. Phylogenetic analysis of OXA-213-like proteins identified two distinct subgroups within the OXA family. The first group was linked to A. pittii and the second group to A. calcoaceticus. The carbapenemase activity of these OXAs may be related to the species-dependent effect." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3002656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(4)-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(4)-Ib is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Pseudomonas pseudomallei." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007418 .
obo:ARO_3006114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-929" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-929 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3003263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptible to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3001021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-155" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-155 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3006032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-836" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-836 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3000080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminonucleoside antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Aminonucleoside antibiotics are nucleoside antibiotics that contain an amino group. This amino group is often acylated, e.g. puromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000034 .
obo:ARO_3007933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-170" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-170." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrimidine antifungal" ;
rdfs:comment "Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3003303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli gyrB conferring resistance to aminocoumarin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Escherichia coli resulting in aminocoumarin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000479 .
obo:ARO_3001723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-267" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-267 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-180" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-180 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(30)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet30 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in agrobacterium, a Gram-negative bacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-85" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-85 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant nfsA" ;
rdfs:comment "The nfsA-encoded nitroreductase is the major oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase present in E. coli. NfsA uses only NADPH and has broad electron acceptor specificity. Mutations in nfsA cause resistance to nitrofurazone and furazolidone. Resistance to nitrofurantoin via mutation of nfsA reduces the fitness of clinical isolates of E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IVa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-IVa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Niallia circulans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007410 .
obo:ARO_3009233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS1 with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3005001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "50S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Nucleotide point mutations in the 50S rRNA subunit (not in the 23s rRNA range) may confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005003 .
obo:ARO_3000480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin resistant parY" ;
rdfs:comment "Expression of parY(R), which encodes an aminocoumarin resistant topoisomerase IV, can confer aminocoumarin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000209 .
obo:ARO_3006369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-200" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-200 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000000 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "determinant of antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "A mutation, single nucleotide polymorphism, gene, or gene product that confers antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3000571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B3 (metallo-) beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Metallo-beta-lactamases of subclass B3 are similar to B1 in that they have activity against penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems; however, the are only active with two Zn(II) ions in the active site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000004 .
obo:ARO_3007846 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SIE-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SIE-1 is SIE beta-lactamase gene family variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007845 .
obo:ARO_3003635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-478" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-478 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3002522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "novA" ;
rdfs:comment "A type III ABC transporter, identified on the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster, involved in the transport and resistance of novobiocin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3003970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "D-Ala-D-Ala ligase" ;
rdfs:comment "Non-van ligases that synthesize D-Ala-D-Ala, the default cell wall precursor that makes a cell vulnerable to glycopeptide antibiotics. Mutations in the ddl gene can cause the production of nonfunctional/inactivated D-Ala-D-Ala ligases, which can render bacteria glycopeptide dependent depending on the presence of vancomycin resistance clusters." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002906 .
obo:ARO_3006699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-33" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-33 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CRH-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CRH-2 is a CRH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005399 .
obo:ARO_3008586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1168" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1168." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3000510 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus mupB conferring resistance to mupirocin" ;
rdfs:comment "An alternative isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase conferring resistance to mupirocin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000446 .
obo:ARO_3000326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ErmE" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmE is a methyltransferase found in the erythromycin producer Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Like other Erm enzymes, it catalyzes the methylation of A2058 of the 23S ribosomal RNA. The gene is found within the erythromycin biosynthetic cluster and is responsible for self-resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001063 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-4" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-4 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(6)-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(6)-Ic is a transposon-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. enterica, P. aeruginosa and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007415 .
obo:ARO_3007354 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "penduletin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pendeuletin is a flavone compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3007570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mycaminosyltylonolide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycaminosyltylonolide is a tylosin derivative with promising anti- P. aeruginosa activity, especially when combined with other antibiotics such as polymixin B." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3000171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3005135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-54" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-54 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-618" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-618 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3007559 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces spp. FUR1 with mutations conferring resistance to 5-flucytosine" ;
rdfs:comment "FUR1 is a fungal uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in Saccharomyces spp. It encodes the UPRT protein, also known as uracil pyrophosphorylase, which is a key regulating enzyme in pyrimidine salvage. Mutations in FUR1 have been shown to confer resistance to 5-flucytosine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007556 .
obo:ARO_3008523 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1105" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1105." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3007023 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-33" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-33 confers resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics except aztreonam. It was first identified in an E. coli strain isolated from hospital sewage. It differs from NDM-5 by a single amino acid substitution (A72T)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008754 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-977" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-977." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-18" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-18 is a beta-lactamase found in P. aeruginosa and Rickettsia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008287 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-161" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-161." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pyogenes PBP2x with mutation conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "PBP2x is a penicillin-binding protein and beta-lactam resistance enzyme. Mutations can cause resistance to some beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3004583 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnF" ;
rdfs:comment "KpnF subunit of KpnEF resembles EbrAB from E. coli. Mutation in KpnEF resulted in increased susceptibility to cefepime, ceftriaxon, colistin, erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and streptomycin as well as enhanced sensitivity toward sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxycholate, dyes, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, and triclosan." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3002619 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA22" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA22 is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids and integrons in S. enterica and E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3001143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-91" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-91 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mutation in resistance determinant" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutation in a resistance determinant rendering it non-functional." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3004655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimB" ;
rdfs:comment "nimB is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3000662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "norfloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3004515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.4" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1 polymyxin resistance gene variant identified from a colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-269" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-269." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004640 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA15b" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella Enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3000478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(33)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet33 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in Gram-positive bacteria, including Arthrobacter and Corynebacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-84" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-84 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CFE-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CFE-2 is a plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamase first described from Citrobacter freundii by Chen et al. 2018." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005934 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-729" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-729 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3006173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-44" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-44 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-158" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-158 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant Rv0191" ;
rdfs:comment "A probable conserved integral membrane protein that acts as an active efflux pump. Overexpression causes pyrazinamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004979 .
obo:ARO_3004792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-5" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA-5 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3007717 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-372-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-372." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3007808 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutations conferring resistance to ofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB resulting in resistance to ofloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3002509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-10" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-10 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "second-generation cephalosporin" ;
rdfs:comment "Second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics have increased efficacy against gram-negative bacteria compared to first-generation cephalosporins. This subclass also includes cephamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000032 .
obo:ARO_3005813 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-592" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-592 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3006461 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-169" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-169 is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008506 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1088" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1088." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3007015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "qacG" ;
rdfs:comment "qacG is a small multidrug resistance efflux pump that confers resistance to benzalkonium chloride and ethidium bromide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3005560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-24" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-24 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Gentamicin A is part of a complex of broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gentamicin inhibits protein synthesis, resulting in bacterial cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007382 .
obo:ARO_3000602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(39)" ;
rdfs:comment "ErmD confers MLSb phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3002398 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3006058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-866" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-866 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftaroline" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftaroline is a novel cephalosporin active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Like other cephalosporins it binds penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit cell wall synthesis. It strongly binds with PBP2a, associated with methicillin resistance. It is taken orally as the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009109 .
obo:ARO_3004395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flow cytofluorometric method" ;
rdfs:comment "Microbes exposed to antimicrobial agents are then stained with the intercalating agent propidium iodide. Damaged cells emit a positive signal that is detected by flow cytometry analysis. Flow cytometry can also be used to discriminate between dead, damaged and live cells." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004388 .
obo:ARO_3002876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant aftA" ;
rdfs:comment "Arabinofuranosyltransferases allow for the polymerization of arabinose to form arabinan. Arabinan is required for formation of mycobacterial cell walls and arabinosyltransferases are targets of the drug ethambutol. Mutations in these genes can confer resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003422 .
obo:ARO_3007261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.26" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-246" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-246 is a class A TEM beta-lactamase found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexJK-OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "MexJK-OprM is a multidrug efflux protein expressed in the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexJ is the membrane fusion protein, MexK is the inner membrane resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter, and OprM is the outer membrane factor protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3003163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-155" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-155 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ustilaginoidea virens Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of MdtK efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the MdtK efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3003397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to G418" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of helix 44, in the rrsB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to G418." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3000973 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-110" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-110 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, S. typhimurium, Citrobacter freundii, and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007385 .
obo:ARO_3005068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ParR" ;
rdfs:comment "ParR is a component of the two-component sensor ParRS. Alongside its counterpart ParS, it confers resistance to polycationic antibiotics through the regulation of efflux components and porins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3001259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GE37468" ;
rdfs:comment "GE37468 is a thiazolyl peptide produced by Streptomyces ATCC 55365. GE37468 is produced by post-transcription modification of a ribosomally synthesized preprotein, of which the biosynthetic gene cluster has been elucidated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001309 .
obo:ARO_3009225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to clotrimazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3009068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-249" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-249." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosH" ;
rdfs:comment "FosH is a hydrolase that confers resistance to fosfomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3001007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-144" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-144 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MdtNOP" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtNOP is a MFS efflux pump protein found in E. coli. The deletion of mdtP from strain W3110 resulted in increased susceptibility to acriflavin, puromycin, and tetraphenylarsonium chloride. An E. coli mdtN null mutant is more sensitive to sulfur drugs than wild type." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007109 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimG" ;
rdfs:comment "nimG is a nitroimidazole reductase that shares significant identity with other nim genes which are associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3008437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1016" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-372 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007717 .
obo:ARO_3000036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracycline inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymes or other gene products which hydroxylate tetracycline and other tetracycline derivatives. Hydroxylation inactivates tetracycline-like antibiotics, thus conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3003179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-43" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-43 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006938 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LHK-4" ;
rdfs:comment "LHK-4 is a LHK beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005418 .
obo:ARO_3003903 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thusin" ;
rdfs:comment "Thusin is a two-component lantibiotic isolated from B. thuringiensis strain BGSC 4BT1, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive pathogens. Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mammaliicoccus sciuri, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all shown susceptibility to Thusin, with inhibition activities greater than Vancomycin or other lantibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009656 .
obo:ARO_3005868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-652" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-652 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3002684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catII" ;
rdfs:comment "catII is a plasmid-encoded variant of the cat gene found in Haemophilus influenzae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3005463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-53" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-53 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006781 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-411" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-411 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006764 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-395" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-395 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-100" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-100 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-145" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-145 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-189" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-189." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Microsporum canis MDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "MDR1 encodes a membrane-bound efflux pump which can confer resistance to antifungal compounds when the gene is subject to a gain of function mutation. Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxidase in fungi but if this enzyme remains functional then ergosterol production continues allowing the fungus to survive despite drug exposure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3002368 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-6" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas allosaccharophila." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3001886 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-24" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-24 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CDA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A CDA beta-lactamase was identified as a novel class C enzyme that was phylogenetically and biochemically close to the chromosome-borne beta-lactamases of the genera Enterobacter and Citrobacter." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3003359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces cinnamoneus EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Streptomyces cinnamoneus elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001312 .
obo:ARO_3007909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-141" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-141." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005080 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-10" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-10 is a class A beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was found in Glaesserella parasuis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3002133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3006433 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-53" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-53 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004722 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant rpsA" ;
rdfs:comment "The 30S ribosomal protein S1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for mRNA translation initiation, playing a particular role in trans-translation. Mutations to rpsA prevent pyrazinoic acid, the active form of pyrazinamide catalyzed by pncA, from targeting RpsA to inhibit translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005295 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-19a" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-19a is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas (multispecies)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to streptogramins antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Nucleotide point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to streptogramins antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000336 .
obo:ARO_3006552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-172" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-172 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-43" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-43 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3001103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-45" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-45 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006659 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-287" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-287 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-53" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-53 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009255 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr3 with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for proteins that maintain the phospholipid bilayer permeability in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3007718 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-42-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of extended-spectrum oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-42." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3007955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-192" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-192." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA (adenine(2503)-C(8))-methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass of 23S rRNA methyltransferase enzymes which methylate adenine at position 2503, a modification associated with the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) antibiotic resistance phenotype." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004274 .
obo:ARO_3008660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1250" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1250." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3008298 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-172" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-172." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007890 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-107" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-107." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.3" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-4 variant and colistin resistance gene from clinical Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-634" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-634 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3001767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-137" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-137 is a beta-lactamase found in Brachyspira spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3005240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-224" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-32" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-32 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3003770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Listeria monocytogenes mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000863 .
obo:ARO_3008888 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-541" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-541." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg1 with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3000984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-122" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-122 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(6)-Id" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(6)-Id is an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase encoded by plasmids, integrative conjugative elements and chromosomal genomic islands in K. pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., E. coli, Shigella flexneri, Providencia alcalifaciens, Pseudomonas spp., V. cholerae, Edwardsiella tarda, Pasteurella multocida and Aeromonas bestiarum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007415 .
obo:ARO_3000343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tap" ;
rdfs:comment "Efflux pump proteins contained within Mycobacterial genomes which confer resistance to a number of different antibiotics including aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1044" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-211 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1044." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3000247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) mutase" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetrameric protein that converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to phosponopyruvate (Ppyr)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000082 .
obo:ARO_3002302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-32" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-32 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3001601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-410" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-410 is an OXA-51-like beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-806" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-806 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3008766 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-989" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-989." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003613 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-457" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-457 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetronomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetronomycin, C34H50O8, isolated from a strain of Streptomyces sp. nov. represents a novel polycyclic ionophore polyether." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005163 .
obo:ARO_3001843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-22" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-7" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3006464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-8b" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-8b is a CMY beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009521 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Venturia inaequalis cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to difenoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3003062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ykkCD" ;
rdfs:comment "ykkCD is a multidrug efflux pump with two SMR-type protein subunits that confers resistance to cationic drugs, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3005176 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-158" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-158 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-910" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-910 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008687 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1277" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1277." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3007926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-161" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-161." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-10" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "halolitoralin" ;
rdfs:comment "Three new cyclopeptides, including halolitoralin A (a cyclic hexapeptide), halolitoralin B and C (two cyclic tetrapeptides), were isolated from Halobacillus litoralis YS3106. They are likely non-ribosomal peptide antibiotics based on chemical structure, but the biosynthetic gene cluster is unknown." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3009470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance against carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3000170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "imipenem" ;
rdfs:comment "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000020 .
obo:ARO_3001031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-165" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-165 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactam resistance operon" ;
rdfs:comment "An operon conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000010 .
obo:ARO_3001872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-9" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-9 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-466" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-466 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-24" ;
rdfs:comment "A KPC class A beta-lactamase and carbapenemase identified from Chilean isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002544 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-Xa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-Xa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Streptomyces griseus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007392 .
obo:ARO_3002053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-42" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-42 is a plasmid-borne AmpC cephalosporinase gene found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-612" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-612." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pgpB" ;
rdfs:comment "A gene that produces the protein lipid A 4'-phosphatase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004287 .
obo:ARO_3003776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "murA or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase catalyses the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and is inhibited by fosfomycin. Overexpression of murA through mutations confers fosfomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002811 .
obo:ARO_3008179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-9" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-9." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3006439 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-70" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-70 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-560" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-560 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-233" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-233 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005734 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-504" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-504 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-224" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-224 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002476 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-6" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-6 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute list of LEN beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3005844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-623" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-623 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3000199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gramicidin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Gramicidin D is a mixture of the linear peptides gramicidin A, B, and C, each with 15 alternating L- and D-amino acids. They are active against most gram-positive bacteria and select gram-negative bacteria. These compounds create channels in the bacterial membrane and increase the permeability to cations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000123 , obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3002060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-49" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-49 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-80" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-80 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003309 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ureaplasma urealyticum parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Ureaplasma urealyticum parC resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3003838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gadW" ;
rdfs:comment "GadW is an AraC-family regulator that promotes mdtEF expression to confer multidrug resistance. GadW inhibits GadX-dependent activation. GadW clearly represses gadX and, in situations where GadX is missing, activates gadA and gadBC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3001096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-38" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-38 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001614 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-65" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-65 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanI cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSI, is a vanS variant found in the vanI gene cluster; it is a histidine kinase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3000872 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive enoyl-acyl carrier reductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Enoyl-acyl carrier reductases catalyze the final enoyl reduction step in bacterial type II fatty acid elongation. Triclosan antibiotics block enoyl reduction and therefore fatty acid synthesis, functioning as a broad spectrum biocide and antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000871 .
obo:ARO_3004554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA29" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene isolated from canine Escherichia coli infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3005271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-241" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-241 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007548 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata FKS2 with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotic micafungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3006713 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-343" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-343 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-484" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-484 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3009454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Microsporum canis MDR4 with mutations conferring resistance to terbinafine" ;
rdfs:comment "MDR1 encodes a membrane-bound efflux pump which can confer resistance to antifungal compounds when the gene is subject to a gain of function mutation. Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxidase in fungi but if this enzyme remains functional then ergosterol production continues allowing the fungus to survive despite drug exposure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3006879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EC-19" ;
rdfs:comment "EC-19 is a EC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005406 .
obo:ARO_3002727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB13" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB13 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3005666 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-244" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-244 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007873 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PEN-A is a family of class A beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.28" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3000963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-96" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-96 is a beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002328 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-18" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-18 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002450 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-17" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-17 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005967 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-763" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-763 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008571 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1153" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1153." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004543 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphO" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosomal macrolide phosphostransferase identified in Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3005017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LMB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LMB is an AMR Gene family belonging to subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3003517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can confer resistance to gentamicin C." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3002936 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanF cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSF, is a vanS variant found in the vanF gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3004801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FTU-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FTU-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Francisella tularensis. It causes Tularemia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004800 .
obo:ARO_3006103 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-917" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-917 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007719 .
obo:ARO_3005430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ORR beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ORR beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3001984 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-125" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-125 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-823" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-823 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A12" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A12." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3003437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to viomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Peptide antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis. Resistance to viomycin can be caused by an altered RNA molecule in the 16S ribosomal subunit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003667 .
obo:ARO_3009186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "boscalid" ;
rdfs:comment "Boscalid is a broad spectrum fungicide that is a succinate dehydrogenase (specifically complex II in the mitochondria) inhibitor. It ultimately blocks electron transport and ATP production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, disrupting fungal respiration and leads to cell death or halted growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009539 .
obo:ARO_3000463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gimA" ;
rdfs:comment "A macrolide glycosyltransferase encoded by the gimA gene in Streptomyces ambofaciens, a natural producer of the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin. Chalcomycin, methymycin, tylosin, pikromycin, rosaramicin, oleandomycin, josamycin, and carbomycin are preferred substrates of gimA glycosyltransferase, while erythromycin and spiramycin have notably low binding affinities. GimA may be able to inactivate spiramycin precursors. Described by Gourmelen et al. 1998." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004236 .
obo:ARO_3003866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-22" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-22 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3002623 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(4')-Ia is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Enterococcus spp. and Bacillus spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007403 .
obo:ARO_3005727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-494" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-494 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004279 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sugar Porin (SP)" ;
rdfs:comment "Members of the Sugar Porin family tend to facilitate the transport of maltodextrins and other sugars across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. These porins form a homotrimeric structure." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000270 .
obo:ARO_3008498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1080" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1080." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007689 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "selamectin" ;
rdfs:comment "Selamectin is a topical antiparasitic medication for dogs and cats prescribed for various parasite infections. Exposure caused relevant cell surface alterations. A synergistic effect was observed between ampicillin and selamectin. Selamectin may represent a timely and promising macrocyclic lactone for the treatment of S. aureus infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001318 .
obo:ARO_3007108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimF" ;
rdfs:comment "nimF is a nitroimidazole reductase that shares significant identity with other nim genes which are associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3003022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB3" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrB3 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3007253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.27" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-227" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-227." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-48" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-48 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "L1 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "L1 is an Ambler class B MBL; subclass B3 originally isolated from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. It has activity against a broad range of beta-lactams and is only active with two Zn(II) ions in the active site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004215 .
obo:ARO_3002436 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-3" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3004915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone-resistant ESX5 secretion system" ;
rdfs:comment "ESX-5 secretion system is are important for virulence of mycobacteria and is required for mycobacterial cell wall stability and host cell lysis. The system is comprised of genes that encode the structural components of the secretion system. The system secrets mycobacterial proteins involved in virulence and pathogenicity and important for mycobacterium viability. Resistance has been shown to specific antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000856 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BJP-1" ;
rdfs:comment "BJP-1 is a subclass B3 ortholog found in Bradyrhizobium japonicum that hydrolyzes most beta-lactams except aztreonam, ticarcillin, and temocillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004219 .
obo:ARO_3005214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-197" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene from Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiazolide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotics belonging to the thiazolide group. Note that many thiazolides are used as antiviral compounds, however some have also exhibited antibacterial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006332 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-158" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-158 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-686" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-686 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001219 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "elfamycin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Elfamycins are molecules that inhibit bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), a key protein which brings aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Elfamycins defined by their target (EF-Tu), rather than a conserved chemical backbone. Elfamycins follow two mechanisms to disrupt protein synthesis: 1. kirromycins and enacyloxin fix EF-Tu in the GTP bound conformation and lock EF-Tu onto the ribosome, and 2. pulvomycin and GE2270 cover the binding site of aa-tRNA disallowing EF-Tu from being charged with aa-tRNA. All elfamycins cause increased the affinity of EF-Tu for GTP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3004246 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Fom phosphotransferase family" ;
rdfs:comment "Two members of the Fom family have been identified, FomA and FomB. FomB must interact with FomA confer resistance to fosfomycin, however FomA is capable of conferring resistance alone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000359 .
obo:ARO_3007952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-189" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-189." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-192" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-192 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-47" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-47 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propolis" ;
rdfs:comment "Propolis has a significant synergistic effect in combination with ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and gentamycin. It has a potent inhibitory activity toward the S. aureus (MRS USA300) pump system." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007224 .
obo:ARO_3001369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-153" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-153 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosB2" ;
rdfs:comment "Subtype of FosB (ARO:3000172). Present in multiple species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3000647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefpodoxime" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefpodoxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin that acts similarly to cefotaxime with broad-spectrum activity. It is stable to many plasmid-mediated beta-lactamses. Cefpodoxime is consumed as the prodrug cefpodoxime proxetil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3008121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-184" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-184." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-156" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-156." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002178 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-13" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-13 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3008530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1112" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1112." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3002775 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB62" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB62 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefotaxime-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephalosporin antibiotic cefotaxime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3007012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sepA" ;
rdfs:comment "sepA is a multidrug efflux pump that confers resistance to disinfecting agents and dyes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010003 .
obo:ARO_3000079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxazolidinone antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3003001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfxA" ;
rdfs:comment "CfxA beta-lactamase is a class A beta-lactamase found in Bacteroides vulgatus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003000 .
obo:ARO_3003596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-440" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-440 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3006882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ECM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ECM-1 is a ECM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005407 .
obo:ARO_3004202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "JOHN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "JOHN beta-lactamases hydrolyse penicillins, narrow- and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3009008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A2" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3003477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive gidB" ;
rdfs:comment "GidB is a m7G methyltransferase specific for 16S rRNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000712 .
obo:ARO_3005480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-75" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-75 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-698" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-698 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-577" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-577 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3003522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Helicobacter pylori 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3004762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BRO-2" ;
rdfs:comment "BRO-2 is a class A beta-lactamase found in M.catarrhalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004760 .
obo:ARO_3008761 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-984" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-294 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-984." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3006724 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-355" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-355 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cfr(D) Group" ;
rdfs:comment "The cfr(D) group are cfr(D) genes found in Enterococcus faecium that confer resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000202 .
obo:ARO_3007291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitor of aminoglycoside inactivation enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Adjuvants shown to inhibit the action of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes, such as the APH and AAC enzyme families." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3006208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-11" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-11 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3006180 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-16" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-16 is a IMI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3005207 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-205" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006233 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACC-8" ;
rdfs:comment "ACC-8 is a ACC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000073 .
obo:ARO_3006148 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-36" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-36 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3001965 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-105" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-105 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin vgb lyase" ;
rdfs:comment "vgb (Virginiamycin B) lyase inactivates type B streptogramin antibiotics by linearizing the streptogramin lactone ring at the ester linkage through an elimination mechanism, thus conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000233 .
obo:ARO_3004318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Enterobacter spp. that has tested resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, and/or cefotaxime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3006985 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SFC-1 is a SFC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005443 .
obo:ARO_3005243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-215" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000423 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FomA" ;
rdfs:comment "In the presence of ATP and magnesium (II), fosfomycin gets phosphorylated at the phosphate group resulting in a diphosphate group which inactivates the antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004246 .
obo:ARO_3005454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TTU beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "TTU beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Teredinibacter turnerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3005035 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YRC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "YRC-1 is a ampC-like beta-lactamase that confers resistance to penams and cephalosporins. It is an ambler class C beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005034 .
obo:ARO_3008820 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-9-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-9-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-4" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Aeromonas caviae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3002167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-4" ;
rdfs:comment "MIR-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3003549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtO" ;
rdfs:comment "Multidrug resistance efflux pump. Could be involved in resistance to puromycin, acriflavine and tetraphenylarsonium chloride." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000987 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-125" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-125 is a CMT-type, inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003850 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-4" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3008860 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-513" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-513." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-18" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-18 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-7" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3006847 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-94" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-94 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma genitalium gyrA mutation confers resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Mycoplasma Genitalium GyrA mutations confers resistance to fluoroquinolones such as Moxifloxacin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3000068 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA beta-lactamases are plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases that confer resistance to cephamycins and oxyimino-cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3001995 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-136" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-136 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009352 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mucor circinelloides BycA with mutations conferring resistance against tacrolimus" ;
rdfs:comment "Byca is a suppressor of the cAMP-PKA pathway. When the PKA pathway is unrestricted, it enables the transition from yeast (avirulent) to hyphal state (filamentous, virulent). Inhibiting calcineurin through a compound like tacrolimus was thought to be a good pharmaceutical target but there are now instances of mutations that cause resistances against calcineurin inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009564 .
obo:ARO_3007969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-97" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-97." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006624 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-246" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-246 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-38" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-38 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-390" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-390 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-7" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007343 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sophoraflavanone G" ;
rdfs:comment "Sophoraflavanone G is a phytoncide derived from members of the Sophora genus. It is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3006061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-869" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-869 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oleC" ;
rdfs:comment "oleC is an ABC transporter isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus and is involved in oleandomycin secretion." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3001673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-248" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-248 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-29" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-29 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3002514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OCH-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OCH-1 beta-lactamase is an Ambler class C chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases in Brucella anthropi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000094 .
obo:ARO_3008264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-138" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-138." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005143 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-240" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-240 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006379 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-210" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-210 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "blaS" ;
rdfs:comment "A class A beta-lactamase in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3002268 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-12" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3007678 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IreK" ;
rdfs:comment "E. faecalis IreK maintains cell wall integrity, possibly by regulating peptidoglycan biosynthesis and metabolism. Antibiotic-induced cell wall stress leads to activation of IreK-mediated phosphorylation signaling pathways to mitigate and repair the damage. Absence of IreK leads to cell envelope defects and increased susceptibility to a variety of cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone. Increased IreK phosphorylation in response to ceftriaxone treatment has been shown to correlate with antimicrobial resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007683 .
obo:ARO_3000026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mepA" ;
rdfs:comment "MepA is an efflux protein regulated by MepR and part of the MepRAB cluster. Its presence in Staphylococcus aureus led to multidrug resistance, while it has also been shown to decrease tigecycline susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000112 .
obo:ARO_3006256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-61" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-61 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008817 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-8-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-8-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-4" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3006810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-442" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-442 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006674 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-303" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-303 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum truncatum cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to propiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg11 encodes a protein lanosterol-14a-demethylase, which is integral to ergosterol biosynthesis. In fungi, a mutation to this gene can result in conferred resistance to azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3008096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-21" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-21." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3005945 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-741" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-741 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "wychimicin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Wychimicin C is a spirotetronate polyketides from Actinocrispum wychmicini MI503-A4." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007486 .
obo:ARO_3008748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-971" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-971." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_0000021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ribostamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ribostamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Ribostamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3002426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-9" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3007194 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems" ;
rdfs:comment "Groups, organizations, and government bodies dedicated to the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3007358 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "orobol" ;
rdfs:comment "Orobol is a flavonolignan compound that is able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as NorA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007325 .
obo:ARO_3000799 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexGHI-OpmD" ;
rdfs:comment "MexGHI-OpmD is an efflux complex expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexG is a membrane protein required for drug export; MexH is the membrane fusion protein; MexI is the inner membrane transporter; and MexJ is the outer membrane channel protein. MexGHI-OpmD confers resistance to vanadium, norfloxacin, and acriflavin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3005709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114i" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114i is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3002314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-4" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004329 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus" ;
rdfs:comment "Any Enterococcus faecium or Enterococcus faecalis that has tested resistant (R) to vancomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3003710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexL" ;
rdfs:comment "MexL is a specific repressor of mexJK transcription and autoregulates its own expression." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3001941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-80" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-80 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-264" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-264." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bromuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Bromuconazole is a member of the class of oxolanes and is a foliar applied conazole fungicide for a range of crops. It is a dichlorobenzene, an organobromine compound, a member of oxolanes, a member of triazoles, a conazole fungicide and a triazole fungicide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3001748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-293" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-293 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3001913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-51" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-51 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-494" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-494." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-23" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-23." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3005441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSD2 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RSD2 beta-lactamases are class D beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3001629 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-94" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-94 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-23" ;
rdfs:comment "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3002663 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(9)-Ib" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(9)-Ib is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in S. flavopersicus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007416 .
obo:ARO_3001786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-244" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-244 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006990 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-4" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-4 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3002601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(3'')-Ia is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene encoded by plasmids, transposons, integrons in Enterobacteriaceae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3006204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-79" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-79 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-196" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-110" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-110 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-10" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-384" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-384 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "resistance conferring transcription factor" ;
rdfs:comment "This category includes modulating enzymes that regulate downstream enzymes or genes that will ultimately confer resistance against an antimicrobial compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3003844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mfd" ;
rdfs:comment "mfd dissociates transcription elongation complexes blocked at nonpairing lesions and mediates recruitment of DNA repair proteins. The Mfd (mutation frequency decline) protein, also known as transcription-repair coupling factor, is responsible for ATP-dependent removal of stalled RNA polymerase from DNA lesions by inducing forward movement of the RNA polymerase and subsequent recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the sites of the lesions." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008311 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-185" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KPC-185." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006584 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-205" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-205 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-11" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-11 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Shigella dysenteriae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-162" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-162." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-268" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-268 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005262 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-231" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-231 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002709 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrA3" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrA3 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Shewanella algae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3004784 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FAR-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FAR-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Nocardia farcinica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004783 .
obo:ARO_0000075 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nitrofurantoin" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections. It inhibits enzyme synthesis by inhibiting essential enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle, as well as those involved in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It is marketed under the following brand names: Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin, Nitro Macro and Urantoin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004116 .
obo:ARO_3006529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-151" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-151 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-13" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-13 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3005479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-74" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-74 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3002189 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-7" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-7 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3002828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "srmB" ;
rdfs:comment "srmB is an ABC-F subfamily protein found in Streptomyces ambofaciens that confers resistance to spiramycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007068 .
obo:ARO_3009042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RSD1-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase RSD1-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007879 .
obo:ARO_3008671 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1261" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1258 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1261." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nybomycin-like antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "A group of antibiotics including nybomycin and its derivatives." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3004643 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(K)" ;
rdfs:comment "A 23S rRNA (adenine(2058)-N(6))-methyltransferase Erm(K) [Alkalihalobacillus halodurans]." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3000570 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B2 (metallo-) beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Metallo-beta-lactmases of subclass B2 contain only one Zn ion in their active site and selectively hydrolyze carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000004 .
obo:ARO_3007638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hygromycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Hygromycin A is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It inhibits translation by binding to the peptidyl transferase center on the large ribosomal subunit. This prevents the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site. Not to confused with Hygromycin B, which is structurally distinct." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000003 .
obo:ARO_3007591 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin G" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3003411 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrnB) mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' major domain of the rrnB 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to tetracycline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003669 .
obo:ARO_3008051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-341" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-341." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008821 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAD-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase PAD-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007872 .
obo:ARO_3004925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mshA mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in Mycobacterium tuberculosis mshA that result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004901 .
obo:ARO_3009503 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3000774 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeA" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeA is the membrane fusion protein of the multidrug efflux complex AdeABC." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001745 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-290" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-290 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001251 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin C was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin C has a disaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin D. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3005789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-565" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-565 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3006702 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-332" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-332 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0001004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic inactivation" ;
rdfs:comment "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000002 .
obo:ARO_3001864 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-1 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Actinoplanes teichomyceticus teicoplanin gene cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Biosynthesis of teicoplanin by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000393 .
obo:ARO_3007966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-94" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-94." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-224" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-224 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005159 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-818" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-818 is a class D beta-lactamase from the OXA-23 family of OXA beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3008011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-295" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-295." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ARO relationship type" ;
rdfs:comment "Ontological connectedness between entities and/or interactions representing their relatedness or influence (paraphrased from Systems Biology Ontology) specific to CARD's Antibiotic Resistance Ontology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3008292 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-166" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-166." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-252" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-252 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003310 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma hominis parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Mycoplasma hominis parC resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3009566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal Protein Kinase A" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, unregulated protein kinase A can cause a morphological transition change from an avirulent yeast form to a virulent, filamentous hyphae form." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007683 .
obo:ARO_3008250 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-120" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-120." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpK37" ;
rdfs:comment "Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane porin protein. Is preferentially detected in porin-deficient strains. Functional characterization of this new porin revealed a narrower pore than those of porins OmpK35 and OmpK36, which did not allow penetration by certain beta-lactams. Also, when a resistant strain expresses porin OmpK37 is less susceptible to cefotaxime and cefoxitin than when it is expressing either OmpK36 or OmpK35." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004281 .
obo:ARO_3004367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)" ;
rdfs:comment "DIN is recognized by the Federal Government of Germany as the competent standards organization for Germany and as the national standards body representing Germany in non-governmental international standards organizations. Baquero F. found that the DIN system recommends lower breakpoints than the consensus standard of all systems for antimicrobial susceptibility testing used in Europe (BSAC, DIN, SFM, SIR, NCCLS and WRG)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3003192 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB80" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB80 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3000224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gramicidin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Gramicidin C is one of the three gramicidins in gramicidin D, with a tyrosine in position 11. It is structurally similar to gramicidin A, but its ability to induce the assembly of bilayers is reduced. Gramicidins form dimers in the bacterial membrane that increase the permeability of cations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000123 .
obo:ARO_3005340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-649" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-649 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-143 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3009161 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "benomyl" ;
rdfs:comment "A foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in a wide range of crops." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009317 .
obo:ARO_3004603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(56)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3005885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-677" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-677 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-44" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-44 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007209 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces venezuelae rox" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptomyces venezuelae rox is a class A flavoprotein monooxygenase that confers resistance to rifamycin antibiotics. It acts by oxygenating the naphthyl group of the antibiotic, leading to a ring opening event and linearization of the molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000445 .
obo:ARO_3009230 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg1 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3002346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-17" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3009121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefteram" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefteram is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009107 .
obo:ARO_3009312 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PBP2-like beta-lactam resistant peptidoglycan transpeptidase" ;
rdfs:comment "Peptidoglycan transpeptidase proteins involved in bacterial cell wall formation and which have decreased susceptibility to some beta-lactam antibiotics. These alternative transpeptidases are found in certain organisms, like Staphylococcus aureus, and have lower affinity for penicillin-like antibiotics, such as methicillin. In these organisms, these proteins do not bind to the beta-lactam ring and therefore transpeptidase activity continues in the presence of beta-lactams, thereby conferring resistance to these drugs. These proteins are commonly clinically associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000381 , obo:ARO_3003040 .
obo:ARO_3008474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1056" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-198 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1056." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007703 .
obo:ARO_3003152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-185" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-185 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnH" ;
rdfs:comment "KpnH consists of ~511 residues, resembles EmrB of E. coli, and is probably a translocase in the KpnGH-TolC efflux protein in K. pneumoniae. Disruption of the pump components KpnG-KpnH signficantly decrease resistance to azithromycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, ertapenem, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, ticarcillin, norfloxacin, polymyxin-B, piperacillin, spectinomycin, tobramycin, and streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ahpC" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in ahpC that contribute to antibiotic resistance by preventing ahpC from activating antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-819" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-819 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1181" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1181." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006126 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-947" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-947 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007733 .
obo:ARO_3002306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-36" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-36 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasmopsis fermentans 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycoplasmopsis fermentans shown to confer resistance to macrolide type antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3002483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LRA-5" ;
rdfs:comment "LRA-5 is a beta-lactamase isolated from soil samples in Alaska." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004228 .
obo:ARO_3008016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-306" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-306." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-2" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3007901 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-119" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-119." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrG" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrG is a plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3004335 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to triclosan" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Escherichia coli which have been shown to increase the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic triclosan. It is hypothesized that decreased susceptibility to triclosan in E. coli gyrA mutants occurs indirectly due to alterations in the stress response pathways." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004333 .
obo:ARO_3003236 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to kanamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3003941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Shigella flexneri parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics in Shigella flexneri,." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3008084 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CME-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CME-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004774 .
obo:ARO_3005125 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-57" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-57 is an ambler class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyricularia graminis-tritici Cyp51a with mutations associated with resistance to tebuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3002738 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB23" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB23 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3007269 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.13" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YEM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "YEM beta-lactamases are class B2 beta-lactamases found in Yersinia mollaretii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000570 .
obo:ARO_3005726 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-493" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-493 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007722 .
obo:ARO_3002162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-10" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3002749 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB34" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB34 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter werkmanii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009435 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans AFR1 with mutations conferring resistance against ketoconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, AFR directly encodes an ABC pump that allows for a baseline efflux of antifungal drugs, especially azoles. Mutations can result in excessive efflux of these drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009342 .
obo:ARO_3000785 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmeC" ;
rdfs:comment "CmeC is the outer membrane channel protein of the CmeABC multidrug efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008056 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-346" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-346." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CphA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CphA is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas hydrophilia. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000570 .
obo:ARO_3002791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrS2" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrS2 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-196" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-196." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007526 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spectinomycin resistant rpsE" ;
rdfs:comment "Amino acid substitutions in ribosomal protein S5, the product of the rpsE gene, is associated with resistance to spectinomycin (SpcR). This protein is located on the 30S subunit and interacts with 16S rRNA and other proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-10" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3000759 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusidic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Fusidic acid is the only commercially available fusidane, a group of steroid-like antibiotics. It is most active against Gram-positive bacteria, and acts by inhibiting elongation factor G to block protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007153 .
obo:ARO_3004216 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass B3 family of beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics including penams, cephamycins, and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3002454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3004344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-81" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-574" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-574 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007708 .
obo:ARO_3005341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-897" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-897 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-24 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3003992 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rphB" ;
rdfs:comment "rphB is a rifampin phosphotransferase protein found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Confers resistance to rifamycin antibiotics, specifically rifampin, through rifampin inactivation. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004040 .
obo:ARO_3002119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-107" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-107 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001522 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-334" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-334 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007705 .
obo:ARO_3008882 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-535" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-535." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006770 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-400" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-400 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006341 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-169" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-169 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008441 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1020" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1020." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001315 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "valnemulin" ;
rdfs:comment "Two semi-synthetic pleuromutilin derivatives, tiamulin and valnemulin, have been developed as antibiotics for veterinary use." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000670 .
obo:ARO_3003317 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella serovars parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Salmonella serovars parE resulting in fluoroquinolones resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003313 .
obo:ARO_3002151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-20" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-20 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3009474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Colletotrichum siamense beta tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the benzimidazole class of antifungal pesticides, which target beta-tubulin. Thiabendazole is a unique member of the benzimidazole class that can be used for human treatment. Benzimidazoles like thiabendazole are structurally defined as imidazole rings fused to benzene rings." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3008787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-12-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-12-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002599 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-30/AAC(6')-Ib' bifunctional protein" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-30/AAC(6')-Ib' is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007419 .
obo:ARO_3007675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "famotidine" ;
rdfs:comment "Famotidine enhances the antibacterial activity of rifamycin antibiotics, especially rifampicin, against Gram-negative bacteria and reverses drug resistance. Famotidine disrupts the cell membrane of A. baumannii and inhibits the expression of the outer membrane protein ompA gene, while causing a dissipation of the plasma membrane potential which increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to increased bacterial mortality. Famotidine also inhibited the efflux pump activity and the biofilm formation of A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007224 , obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3005697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-49" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-49 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3008658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1248" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1248." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3001946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-86" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-86 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mfs1 with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mfs family of genes in fungi are responsible for a variety of transport across the cell membrane. Mutations to this family of genes can result in anti-fungal resistance, especially against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009309 .
obo:ARO_3008501 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1083" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1083." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3002072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-58" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-58 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003185 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-25" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-25 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3002459 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-9" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-9 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3004112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phosphoethanolamine transferase conferring colistin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "This group of enzymes catalyzes the addition of a phosphoethanolamine group to another molecule. The addition of this moiety to lipid A in bacterial species is often associated with polymyxin (otherwise known as colistin) resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 .
obo:ARO_3006483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-103" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-103 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rpsJ" ;
rdfs:comment "rpsJ is a tetracycline resistance protein identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Tetracycline resistance is conferred by binding to the ribosome as a 30S ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3005672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-23" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-23 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3006955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MYX-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MYX-1 is a MYX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005427 .
obo:ARO_3003168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-160" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-160 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008560 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1142" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1142." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-22" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-22." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3001793 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-320" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-320 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007696 .
obo:ARO_3006389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-220" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-220 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3002789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrD2" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrD2 is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3002419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-2" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3006115 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-932" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-932 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3003887 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-81" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-81 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007529 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pivmecillinam" ;
rdfs:comment "Pivmecillinam, the oral prodrug of the antimicrobial active agent mecillinam, is a bona fide agent for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), because of its selectivity and effect against several species of Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_0000074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "moxifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3004265 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lysocin resistant menA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to demA confer lycosin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(6)-I" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 6-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate streptomycin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 6-hydroxyl group, thereby conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000151 .
obo:ARO_3008380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-33" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-33." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3007858 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BIM is a family of ambler molecular class B beta-lactamases from Pseudomonas putida. It confers resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007581 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin K" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3008804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-4-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-4-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3000419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)" ;
rdfs:comment "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000185 .
obo:ARO_3009124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pencillin-like beta-lactam antibiotics with narrow spectrum activity against beta-lactam susceptible bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000008 .
obo:ARO_3005259 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-228" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-228 is a beta lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "divalent cation supplemented medium" ;
rdfs:comment "Medium supplementation with 20–25 mg Ca2+ and 10–12.5 mg Mg2+ per liter, which is representative of the divalent cation concentration in blood. Divalent cation supplemented medium is correct to use for susceptibility testing of tetracyclines, daptomycin for gram-positive bacteria and aminoglycosides for Pseudomonas aeruginosarequires." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004418 .
obo:ARO_3002059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-48" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-48 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3009367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Hmg2 with mutations conferring resistance to isavuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Hmg pathway is a primarily metabolic pathway that contributes to various functions inclusive of steroid synthesis. In fungi, the synthesis of a steroid precursor is vital to the eventual formation of ergosterol which is an integral part of the fungal cell membrane. Mutations in the Hmg gene have shown conferred resistance in certain fungi against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009365 .
obo:ARO_3005378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-49" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-49 [Escherichia coli] Accession: WP_197749402.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-113" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-113 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-88" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-505" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-505." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-122" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-122." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-76" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-76 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-Ie" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-Ie is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in M. leprae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007393 .
obo:ARO_3000413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sul3" ;
rdfs:comment "Sul3 is a sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase similar to Sul1 and Sul2. Its resistance gene was found encoded in E. coli plasmid DNA of sulfonamide resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004238 .
obo:ARO_3002942 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanH gene in vanA cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanHA, is a vanH variant in the vanA gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000006 .
obo:ARO_3003631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-474" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-474 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3000906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-36" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-36 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae parC protein that confer resistance to fluoroquinolone by reducing affinity to antibiotic binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3009135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic Resistance Platform (ARP)" ;
rdfs:comment "The Antibiotic Resistance Platform (ARP) is a cell-based array of mechanistically distinct individual resistance elements in an identical genetic background. The ARP consists of resistance elements to 18 classes of antibiotics. There are over 100 antibiotic resistance genes currently in the ARP. https://www.thewrightlab.com/antibiotic-resistance-platform." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3001150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-101" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-101 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008742 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-965" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-965." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3009648 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1054" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1054 is an OXA-372-like carabapenem-hydrolzing class D beta-lactamase identified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007717 .
obo:ARO_3004004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefotetan" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefotetan is a cephamycin-class beta-lactam antibiotic that is highly resistant to beta-lactamases and effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3008798 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-27" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-27." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3008776 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-999" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-999." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Siemens" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific vendor of automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility headquartered in Berlin and Munich." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004404 .
obo:ARO_3008072 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AFM-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase AFM-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005388 .
obo:ARO_3007094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fisetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Fisetin is a flavonoid produced mainly by plants in the Eudicotidae clade. It exhibits a range of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and fisetin has been shown to inhibit the action of metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3008913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-566" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-566." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-17" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-17 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-29" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-29 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007302 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiorphan" ;
rdfs:comment "Thiorphan is the active metabolite of the antidieuretic drug racecadotril. It has shown inhibitory activity against various metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3003664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-16a" ;
rdfs:comment "New Delhi class B metallo-beta-lactamase-16a variant of NDM-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008579 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1161" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1161." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EBR-5" ;
rdfs:comment "EBR-5 is an EBR beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004204 .
obo:ARO_3009345 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to linezolid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the 23S rRNA (rrl) gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis which are associated with resistance to linezolid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004172 .
obo:ARO_3001539 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-352" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-352 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007580 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin J" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3007258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.25" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori frxA mutation conferring resistance to metronidazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FrxA encodes an NADH-flavin oxidoreductase in Helicobacter pylori. Mutations in this gene confer resistance to nitrofuran antibiotics and metronidazole." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007056 .
obo:ARO_3009204 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to ravuconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gentamicin X" ;
rdfs:comment "Gentamicin X is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a precursor of gentamicin C and a minor component of the gentamicin antibiotic mixture." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007382 .
obo:ARO_3003372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsH) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 3' major domain of the rrsH 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli can confer resistance to spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3008460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1041" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1041." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008669 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1259" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-1258 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1259." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004456 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecium chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in an Enterococcus faecium plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3001042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-177" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-177 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus HapE with mutations associated with resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "HapE codes for a transcription factor typically associated with cellular adaptation and is found within fungi. Mutations in this gene have been associated with resistance against several different antifungal compounds, including azoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009293 .
obo:ARO_3007410 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-IV" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, ribostamycin and butirosin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3007048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "xeruborbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Xeruborbactam is an experimental cyclic boronate ultrabroad-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitor, with potent activity against both serine beta-lactamases and metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007131 .
obo:ARO_3006518 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-141" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-141 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-75" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-75 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase that is found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3002690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptomyces lividans cmlR" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlR is a plasmid or chromosome-encoded chloramphenicol resistance determinant (putative transmembrane protein) that is found in Escherichia coli and Streptomyces lividans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007005 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YEM-1" ;
rdfs:comment "YEM-1 is a YEM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005457 .
obo:ARO_3005926 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-719" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-719 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-312" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-312." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008832 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-485" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-485." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.40" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3003055 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeD" ;
rdfs:comment "smeD is the membrane fusion protein of the smeDEF multidrug efflux complex in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-831" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-831 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008195 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-17" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3005085 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIg" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIg is part of the AAC(3) family. It was initially found in clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007385 .
obo:ARO_3003090 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB)" ;
rdfs:comment "Daptomycin-resistant RNA polymerases include amino acids substitutions which alter expression of the dlt operon, which increases the cell surface positive charge. Known from S. aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003276 .
obo:ARO_3002612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aadA12" ;
rdfs:comment "aadA12 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica and S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000232 .
obo:ARO_3005677 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-28" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-28 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000575 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanU" ;
rdfs:comment "VanU is a transcriptional activator of vancomycin resistance genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3006308 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-133" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-133 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007951 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-188" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-188." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3006110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-924" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-924 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanR gene in vanE cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanRE, is a vanR variant found in the vanE gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000574 .
obo:ARO_3006263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-68" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-68 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007124 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(W/32/O)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(W/32/O) is a mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000002 .
obo:ARO_3007937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-174" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-174." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-105" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-105 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-29" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-29." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3006079 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-887" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-887 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002048 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-37" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-37 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004565 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetracyclic indoline" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of resistance-modifying agents and beta-lactam potentiators which selectively potentiate beta-lactam antibiotics, specifically Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) without their own antimicrobial activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004564 .
obo:ARO_3001453 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-148" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-148 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000657 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "paromomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "An aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the treatment of parasitic infections. It is similar to neomycin sharing a similar spectrum of activity, but its hydroxyl group at the 6'-position instead of an amino group makes it resistant to AAC(6') modifying enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3000499 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AcrE" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrE is a membrane fusion protein, similar to AcrA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria gonorrhoeae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 34 region of 16S rRNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae can confer resistance against spectinomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3008855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-508" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-508." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007723 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-5-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases derived from OXA-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3000091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB beta-lactamases are class A lactamases that can hydrolyze carbenicillin. Many of the PSE beta-lactamases have been renamed as CARB-lactamases with the notable exception of PSE-2 which is now OXA-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007391 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IX" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate neomycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3008517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1099" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1099." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3006989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SGM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "SGM-3 is a SGM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005445 .
obo:ARO_3004369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Société Française de Microbiologie (SFM)" ;
rdfs:comment "The French Society of Microbiology (SFM) is a non-profit association which aims to bring together microbiologists from French-speaking countries, working in the domains of bacteria, viruses, Fungi and parasites, and related medical, industrial and environmental microbiology, physiology, genetics, taxonomy, hygiene, and antimicrobial agents. Baquero F. found that the SFM system recommends higher breakpoints than the consensus standard of all systems for antimicrobial susceptibility testing used in Europe (BSAC, DIN, SFM, SIR, NCCLS and WRG)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004360 .
obo:ARO_3009064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-245" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase SHV-245." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001875 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-12" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006904 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CDD-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CDD-1 is a CDD beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005396 .
obo:ARO_3003686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprD with mutation conferring resistance to imipenem" ;
rdfs:comment "oprD is an outer membrane porin which facilitates the uptake of basic amino acids and imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004278 .
obo:ARO_3008983 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-636" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-636." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005511 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-63" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-63 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-71" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-71 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis nat mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in nat which through overexpression of the enzyme can result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004910 .
obo:ARO_3007146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "meropenem-vaborbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic-adjuvant admixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic meropenem and the beta-lactamase inhibitor vaborbactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3003146 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-10" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-10 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002988 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bcrB" ;
rdfs:comment "bcrB is an ABC transporter found in Bacillus licheniformis that confers bacitracin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3008229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KLUC-6" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase KLUC-6." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005417 .
obo:ARO_3009356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal membrane lipid homeostasis regulating enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Exploitation of the fungal membrane is a proven cause of antifungal resistance. The exploitation of this region of the cells is not just limited to lipid synthesis, but also extends to membrane lipid homeostasis regulating enzymes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3005356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-23" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-23 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_111672911.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-122" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-122 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008765 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-988" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-988." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3003552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fusB" ;
rdfs:comment "FusB encodes a 2-domain zinc-binding protein that binds the ribosomal translocase EF-G, causing it to dissociate from the ribosome. This action increases the ribosomal turnover rate and confers resistance to fusidic acid. This protein is considered a FusB-type protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005086 .
obo:ARO_3000011 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX" ;
rdfs:comment "VanX is a D,D-dipeptidase that cleaves D-Ala-D-Ala but not D-Ala-D-Lac, ensuring that the latter dipeptide that has reduced binding affinity with vancomycin is used to synthesize peptidoglycan substrate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3007235 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.20" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosL1" ;
rdfs:comment "FosL1 is related to FosA-like genes. It is a plasmid-encoded fosfomycin resistant gene found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3001569 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-383" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-383 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004527 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "deletion of resistance determinant with plasmid harbouring resistance determinant" ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental protocol where there is a deletion of resistance determinant and the transformation of a plasmid harbouring resistance determinant into the same strain." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004524 .
obo:ARO_3006555 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-176" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-176 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004460 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Vibrio anguillarum chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol resistance determinant described in a Vibrio anguillarum plasmid sequence." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3007314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pentamidine" ;
rdfs:comment "Pentamidine is an antiparasitic compound used to treat a variety of infections such as African trypanosomiasis and leishamaniasis. It has also been shown to increase Gram-negative membrane permeability and enhance the entry of certain antibiotics. Pentamidine combined with linezolid had significant synergistic antibacterial effects against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae pentamidine. The antimicrobial disrupts the outer membranes, dissipates the membrane potentials, and devitalizes the efflux pumps of CRE, thereby facilitating the intracellular accumulation of linezolid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately kills the bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3008989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A11" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A11." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3008218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-104" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-104." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-174" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-174 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004778 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-135" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-135 is a class C beta-lactamase that confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis liaS mutant conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "liaS is a histidine kinase found in the liaFSR signal transduction pathway. Mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003279 , obo:ARO_3004264 .
obo:ARO_3000964 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-101" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-101 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-640" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-640 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3007242 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.30" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005768 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-542" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-542 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3003393 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhA mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "inhA is a enoyl-acyl carrier reductase used in lipid metabolism and farry acid biosynthesis. It is inhibited by isoniazid. mutations in the promoter region or multiple copies of the inhA shows marked resistance to isoniazid mediated inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004874 .
obo:ARO_3006137 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-16" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-16 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3002026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-15" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-15 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006451 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-94" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-94 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(9)-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(9)-Ic encodes an intrinsic, chromosomal aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in Brucella intermedia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000228 , obo:ARO_3007400 .
obo:ARO_3006158 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-29" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-29 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3008700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1290" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50-var family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1290." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3004542 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphN" ;
rdfs:comment "A macrolide phosphotransferase identified on a plasmid in Exiguobacterium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3000744 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive dihydropteroate synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydropteroate synthase catalyzes the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroic acid as part of the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, and a precursor of many nucleotides and amino acids. Inhibiting dihydropteroate leads to slow cell death, as bacteria can survive on existing folate storages for a few generations." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000714 .
obo:ARO_3002324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-14" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-14 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008750 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-973" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-973." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3003618 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-462" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-462 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3004120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CBP C1-aminomethylene vancomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "CBP C1-aminomethylene vancomycin is a synthetic vancomycin derivative which exhibits multiple synergistic mechanisms of action, allowing it to effectively inhibit otherwise-glycopeptide resistant Gram-positive bacteria (notably those with functioning VanA clusters)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3002112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-100" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-100 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002100 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-87" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-87 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003697 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexPQ-OpmE" ;
rdfs:comment "MexPQ-OpmE multidrug efflux pump expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MexP is the membrane fusion protein; MexQ is the inner membrane transporter; and OpmE is the outer membrane channel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3006730 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-360" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-360 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-926" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-926 is a class D beta-lactamase in the family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3007541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cyclomarin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyclomarin A was found to be bacteriocidal against bacteria replicating in culture broth and in human-derived macrophages and a series of multidrug resistant clinical isolates. It was identified as a potent antitubercular compound in a natural product whole cell screen. Importantly it kills both growing and dormant, non-replicating mycobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007540 .
obo:ARO_3001427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-33" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-33 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006716 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-347" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-347 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "complestatin" ;
rdfs:comment "A glycopeptide antibiotic which binds to essential peptidoglycan hydrolases, thereby preventing autolysis and inhibited cell wall remodelling during growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3006949 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MAL-1" ;
rdfs:comment "MAL-1 is a MAL beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005422 .
obo:ARO_3009025 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-B3" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-B3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007874 .
obo:ARO_3008653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1243" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1243." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3003102 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cphA6" ;
rdfs:comment "cphA6 is an Ambler Class B MBL; subclass B2 originally isolated from Aeromonas veronii. This enzyme has specific activity against carbapenems and is active as a mono-zinc protein." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000581 .
obo:ARO_3009283 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus flavus Cyp51c with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3001976 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-116" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-116 is a beta-lactamase found in Proteus mirabilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006406 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-237" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-237 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis mas mutations confer resistance to pyrazinamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in mas that can contribute to or confer resistance to pyrazinamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004882 .
obo:ARO_3005824 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-603" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-603 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3005699 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-51" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-51 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3002285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-15" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-15 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3007661 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ddn mutation conferring resistance to nitroimidazole antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "ddn is a protein-coding gene involved in the bioreductive activation of bicyclic 4-nitroimidazole prodrugs such as PA-824 and delamanid developed for anti-tuberculosis therapy against both replicating and persistent bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007656 .
obo:ARO_3008528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1110" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-134 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1110." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3001517 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-329" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-329 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3005197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-145" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-145 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-168" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-168 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus ase1 with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The ase1 gene encodes a microtubule associated protein that is particularly involved in the mitotic spindle formation and stabilization during cell division. Alterations in cell division can often lead to major genetic adaptations, such as the development of aneuploidy. In instances where a fungi can survive a major genetic adaptation, the resultant mutant could exhibit antifungal resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009295 .
obo:ARO_3004149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to clindamycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli shown clinically to confer resistance to clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004187 .
obo:ARO_3000022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ristocetin" ;
rdfs:comment "Ristocetin is a glycopeptide antibiotic similar to vancomycin but positively charged. It is not used clinically because it induces platelet agglutination." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3008737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-960" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-55 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-960." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007727 .
obo:ARO_3008933 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-586" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-586." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007876 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "RAA is a family of class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivate cephalosporin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3007982 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-266" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-266." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3008173 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-10" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase FONA-10." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3002588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-I30" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-I30 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000345 , obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3005211 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-201" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001558 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-372" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-372 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007717 .
obo:ARO_3006364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-195" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-195 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006249 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-54" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-54 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin E" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3006147 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-34" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-34 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005851 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-630" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-630 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3003981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetB(58)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetracycline resistant TetB(58) efflux pump found in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "battacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Battacin is a cationic lipopeptide antibiotic produced from a Paenibacillus tianmuensis soil isolate. Battacin kills bacteria in vitro and has potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant clinical isolates. The bactericidal kinetics of battacin correlate with the depolarization of the cell membrane, suggesting that battacin kills bacteria by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000035 .
obo:ARO_3009228 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg11 encodes a protein lanosterol-14a-demethylase, which is integral to ergosterol biosynthesis. In fungi, a mutation to this gene can result in conferred resistance to azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3006215 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-20" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-20 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3001114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-59" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-59 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-124" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-124." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3007477 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ATP synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "ATP synthase enzymes, specifically subunit C, resistant to diarylquinolone antibiotics including Bedaquiline. Mutations in ATP synthase confer antibiotic resistance by disrupting binding and blocking of ATP synthase reactions by Bedaquiline." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3003907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cipA" ;
rdfs:comment "Cfr-like methyltransferase enzyme conferring resistance to multiple clinically relevant antibiotic classes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004609 .
obo:ARO_3004155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminosalicylate resistant dihydrofolate synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydrofolate synthase (synthetase) enzymes resistant to aminosalicylates (inc. para-aminosalicylic acid) caused by mutation. Dihydrofolate synthase is required for bioactivation of p-aminosalicylic acid, and mutation in dihydrofolate synthase inhibits production of the dihydrofolate analog hydroxyl-dihydrofolate, thus preventing activation and conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT-2" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT-2 is a LUT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005421 .
obo:ARO_3007060 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Helicobacter pylori pbp1 mutants conferring resistance to amoxicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Helicobacter pylori pbp1 observed to confer resistance to amoxicillin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3008961 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-614" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-614." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-776" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-776 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006655 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-281" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-281 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-127" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-127 is a beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter freundii. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004131 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin and telithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli shown clinically to confer resistance to the macrolide-class antibiotics erythromycin and telithromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3005473 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-66" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-66 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008492 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1074" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1074." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fexB" ;
rdfs:comment "FexB is a plasmid-encoded exporter gene which confers resistance to florfenicol. Originally identified in Enterococcus sp. isolated from swine by Liu et al. 2012." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3004795 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FPH-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FPH-1 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase gene found in Francisella philomiragia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004794 .
obo:ARO_3008001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-285" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-285." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cerulenin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cerulenin has a role as an antifungal agent, an antiinfective agent, an antilipemic drug, an antimetabolite, a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent. It functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of several lipids and sterols by interfering with enzyme function. In fatty acid synthesis, it is reported to bind in equimolar ratio to b-keto-acyl-ACP synthase. In sterol synthesis, it inhibits HMG-CoA synthetase activity. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide and an epoxide and is found naturally in several species including Cephalosporium caerulensfungus, Euglena gracilis, Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It is also shown to inhibit feeding and induce dramatic weight loss in mice." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009165 .
obo:ARO_3004582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(49)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3004912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant sigI" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in SigI sigma factor that increase resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001924 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-63" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-63 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3001756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-301" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-301 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3008664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1254" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1254." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3000809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OpmD" ;
rdfs:comment "OpmD is the outer membrane channel protein of the efflux complex MexGHI-OpmD." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005299 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-183" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-183 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIIc" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIIc is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007386 .
obo:ARO_3004538 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "correlative control" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic susceptibility testing is performed on a group of clinical isolates with a resistance determinant compared to different strains that do not have this resistance determinant. No experiment was performed to delete / insert the resistance determinant to determine antibiotic susceptibility using the same genetic background." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004536 .
obo:ARO_3005968 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-764" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-764 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis chloramphenicol acetyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and resistance determinant described in Enterococcus faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3002212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-21" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-21 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008120 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-183" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-183." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-146" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-146 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005363 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-32" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-32 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_073800284.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-7" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanS gene in vanA cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanSA, is a vanS variant found in the vanA gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000071 .
obo:ARO_3000169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifampin" ;
rdfs:comment "Rifampin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin, and inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase. Rifampin is the mainstay agent for the treatment of tuberculosis, leprosy and complicated Gram-positive infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000157 .
obo:ARO_3009053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-234" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase SHV-234." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007971 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-99" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-99." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3003963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "flo" ;
rdfs:comment "The Flo transporters can be plasmid- or chromosome-encoded. flo is an important determinant of florfenicol resistance in animal isolates of E. coli but is also found in human pathogens (e.g. Salmonella enterica and V. cholerae)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3008494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1076" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1076." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_0000015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Derived from penicillin to combat penicillin-resistance, methicillin is insensitive to beta-lactamases (also known as penicillinases) secreted by many penicillin-resistant bacteria. Methicillin is bactericidal, and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009125 .
obo:ARO_3008479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1061" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1061." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006893 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ALG6-1" ;
rdfs:comment "ALG6-1 is a ALG6 beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005390 .
obo:ARO_3006201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-76" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-76 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arborcandin C" ;
rdfs:comment "This compound inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase in fungi (primarily yeasts), which is a major compound of cell wall synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007496 .
obo:ARO_3008073 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AIM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase AIM-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004216 .
obo:ARO_3007247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.25" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3006238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-43" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-43 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HMB-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Shotgun cloning of beta-lactam resistant P. aeruginosa NRZ-03096 yielded a clone producing a novel subclass B1 enzyme with only 74.3% identity to the next nearest relative, KHM-1. The novel MBL was named HMB-1 (for Hamburg MBL). HMB-1 gene was chromosomally located as part of a Tn 3 family transposon that was named Tn 6345, where expression of bla HMB-1 in E. coli TOP10 led to increased resistance to beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004209 .
obo:ARO_3002371 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3002021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-10" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007922 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-157" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-157." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002097 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-84" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-84 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005172 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "terpene with antibiotic activity" ;
rdfs:comment "Terpenes are a large class of naturally produced organic compounds, predominantly produced by plants such as conifers. Some terpenes have been shown to possess antibiotic qualities or activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007869 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HBL beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "HBL is a family of class A beta-lactamases which enzymatically inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006756 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-387" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-387 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeC" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeC is the outer membrane factor of the AdeABC multidrug efflux complex. It can be replaced by other outer membrane channels, and is not essential for antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003474 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Ethionamide is a second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007156 .
obo:ARO_3004130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "balofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Balofloxacin is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It shows potent bactericidal activity and inhibits the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3009132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "hetacillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Hetacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin compound with bactericidal properties. Hetacillin is a prodrug that is converted to ampicillin via esterases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3001645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-78" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-78 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IIIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(3)-IIIa is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007386 .
obo:ARO_3009446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida tropicalis MDR1 with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3005053 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ArnT" ;
rdfs:comment "ArnT is involved in Cell Wall Biosynthesis, specifically 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N). It confers resistance to peptide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3006119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-939" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-939 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ppsD" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in the ppsD that increases resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005002 .
obo:ARO_3003066 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "smeR" ;
rdfs:comment "smeR is the responder component of a two component signal transduction system that includes smeS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3000952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-85" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-85 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "propiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "A fungicide that is used commercially for agriculture. It is also used in combination with permethrin in formulations of wood preserver. The compound is known as a DMI, or demethylation inhibiting fungicide, due to its binding with and inhibition of the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme from demethylating a precursor to ergosterol. Without this demethylation step, the ergosterols are not incorporated into the growing fungal cell membranes, and cellular growth is stopped." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007499 .
obo:ARO_3007387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(3)-IV" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate gentamicin, tobramycin and apramycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000322 .
obo:ARO_3003383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella serovars soxS with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxS is a global regulator that up-regulates the expression of AcrAB efflux genes. It also reduces OmpF expression to decrease cell membrane permeability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000837 .
obo:ARO_3007650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CDA-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CDA-1 was recovered from a urine sample and is intermediate or resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Susceptibility testing, isoelectric focusing, and analysis of outer membrane proteins showed that AmpC beta-lactamase expression combined with porin deficiency accounted for the carbapenem resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007649 .
obo:ARO_3008027 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-317" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-317." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003780 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nybomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "A heterocyclic antibiotic that targets mutant gyrA (type II topoisomerase) containing an S84L substitution, counteracting acquired quinolone resistance. It is effective against quinolone-resistant Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus and E. faecalis. Due to its ability to counteract quinolone resistance by targeting the mutant form of the gyrA protein, it is classified as a reverse antibiotic (RA)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007157 .
obo:ARO_3008920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-573" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-573." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-141" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-141 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004223 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MSI beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "MSI beta-lactamases are a family of subclass B3 (metallo-) beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3008416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-71" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-71." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3001935 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-74" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-74 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003275 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Daptomycin sensitive cardiolipin synthetase" ;
rdfs:comment "Cardiolipin synthetase catalyzes the formation of cardiolipin from two phosphatidylglycerol molecules. Cardiolipin is important in membrane translocation and permeabilization. Mutations on the enzyme confers resistance to Daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003274 .
obo:ARO_3006051 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-859" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-859 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA28" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene from Aeromonas hydrophilia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3002494 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SRT-2" ;
rdfs:comment "SRT-2, isolated from Serratia marcescens, is a chromosomal beta-lactamase that confers resistance to cefotaxime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000095 .
obo:ARO_3007016 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHD beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SHD beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Shewanella denitrificans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3004010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cinoxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cinoxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic primarily used for the treatment of urinary tract infections in adults. Cinoxacin binds to DNA gyrase, resulting in double-stranded DNA breaks and cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3001980 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-121" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-121 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae PBP3 mutants conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant PBP3 in Klebsiella pneumoniae conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3006397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-228" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-228 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_0000007 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dibekacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3004628 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-IIa" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-IIa is a kasugamycin 2' N-acetyltransferase protein found in Burkholderia glumae and Acidovorax avenae isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007394 .
obo:ARO_3003772 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Brucella suis mprF" ;
rdfs:comment "MprF is a integral membrane protein that modifies the negatively-charged phosphatidylglycerol on the membrane surface. This confers resistance to cationic peptides that disrupt the cell membrane, including defensins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000863 .
obo:ARO_3003449 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic resistant iniC" ;
rdfs:comment "iniC, an isoniazid-induced protein, is part of the iniBAC operon that participates in the development of tolerance to both isoniazid and ethambutol. May function through a MDR-pump like mechanism, although it does not appear to directly transport isoniazid from the cell." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3000827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "soxRS" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxRS is a two-component regulator part of the superoxide stress response. It is a positive regulator for many multidrug efflux pumps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008844 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-497" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-497." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005900 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-693" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-693 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005909 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-702" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-702 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "bisthiazolidine metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007129 .
obo:ARO_3002274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-4" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3009577 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gene contributing to antimicrobial resistance through copy number variation" ;
rdfs:comment "Fungal genes can be replicated in response to external stressors, like antifungal compounds, contributing to enhanced survival capacity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3000586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pulvomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Pulvomycin is a polyketide antibiotic that binds elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) to inhibit protein biosynthesis by preventing the formation of the ternary complex (EF-Tu*GTP*aa-tRNA). Phenotypically, it was shown that pulvomycin sensitivity is dominant over resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001219 .
obo:ARO_3001952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-92" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-92 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3008067 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-357" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-357." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009323 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbamate fungicides" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbamtes are a class of fungicides that target tubulin in cell cytoskeletons. This class of pesticides works similarly to benzimidazoles but is structurally different." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3002064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-53" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-53 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3008801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-3-2" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-3-2." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002364 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-2" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-2 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3004931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis nudC mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occur in nudC which through overexpression of the enzyme can result in or contribute to antibiotic resistance to isoniazid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004911 .
obo:ARO_3001442 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-117" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-117 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-51" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004418 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "growth medium" ;
rdfs:comment "Medium that supports microorganism growth." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004389 .
obo:ARO_3008647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1237" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-213 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1237." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-206" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-206 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001662 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-164" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-164 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3009036 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RAHN-3" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase RAHN-3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005439 .
obo:ARO_3008062 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-352" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-352." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-5.2" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated MCR-5 variant from Escheichia coli which confers resistance to colistin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3007324 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "inhibitors of Rv1258c efflux pump" ;
rdfs:comment "Compounds which inhibit the removal of antibiotics by the Rv1258c (Tap) efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 .
obo:ARO_3002382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SME-4" ;
rdfs:comment "SME-4 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000055 .
obo:ARO_3009463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fungal atr" ;
rdfs:comment "The atr subset of efflux pumps fall under the ABC efflux pump family. When mutated, they can confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3005991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-788" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-788 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3002652 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-VIa" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-VIa is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007412 .
obo:ARO_3000151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(6)" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3008300 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-174" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-174." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-918" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-918 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3004179 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycoplasma pneumoniae 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Mycoplasma pneumoniae shown to confer resistance to erythromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3007762 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tildipirosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tildipirosin, a 16-membered-ring macrolide antimicrobial, has recently been approved for the treatment of swine respiratory disease and bovine respiratory disease. This macrolide is extensively distributed to the site of respiratory infection followed by slow elimination." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3005484 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-79" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-79 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3005683 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-34" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-34 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3002907 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanE" ;
rdfs:comment "VanE is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Ser, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity in Enterococcus faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002979 .
obo:ARO_3000229 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000218 .
obo:ARO_3001861 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-4" ;
rdfs:comment "IMI-4 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3007196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-123" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-123 is a KPC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-15" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-15 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3004389 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "reagent or protocol used for testing AMR" ;
rdfs:comment "Reagents and procedures used during microbial susceptibility testing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3003645 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-488" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-488 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ganefromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "One of a small group of kirromycin-like elfamycins which lack the pyridone moiety. Ganefromycin is produced by Streptomyces lydicus spp. tanzanius, and was considered for use as a growth promoting antibiotic in agriculture." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3001390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-213" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-213 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008994 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A17" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A17." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3003802 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant gdpD" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the gdpD glycerolphosphodiesterase confer resistance to daptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001658 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-174" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-174 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005757 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-527" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-527 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3001827 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-16" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3007404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(4')-II" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 4'-O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes which inactivate amikacin & tobramycin, but not dibekacin, by catalyzing the transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000229 .
obo:ARO_3004181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Streptococcus pneumoniae 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to macrolides and streptogramins antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae shown to confer resistance to macrolides and streptogramins types of antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 , obo:ARO_3004182 .
obo:ARO_3004314 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli" ;
rdfs:comment "Any E.coli that has tested resistant (R) to at least one of the following: ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefotaxime." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004305 .
obo:ARO_3005031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-8" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-8 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter sp. 18A13. It is from a plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3005963 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-759" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-759 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005787 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-563" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-563 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3008337 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-215" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-215." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004144 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AxyY" ;
rdfs:comment "AxyY is the periplasmic adaptor protein of the AxyXY-OprZ efflux pump system in Achromobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3008711 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1301" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1301." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003650 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-166" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-166 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-86" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-86 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msr-type ABC-F protein" ;
rdfs:comment "msr-type ABC-F subfamily ribosomal protection proteins expression in Staphylococci species and confer resistance to erythromycin and streptogramin B antibiotics through antibiotic target protection mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004469 .
obo:ARO_3003205 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Erm(43)" ;
rdfs:comment "Erm(43) is a macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance gene found in Mammaliicoccus lentus chromosome isolated from human, dog and chicken." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000560 .
obo:ARO_3001424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-29" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-29 is a beta-lactamase found in Legionella gormanii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3002970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanT gene in vanC cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanTC, is a vanT variant found in the vanC gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000372 .
obo:ARO_3006720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-350" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-350 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EXO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases part of this family discovered in Streptomyces albus G." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-132" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-132 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000733 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone sensitive gyrA" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. Binding the alpha-subunit is sufficient to inhibit DNA supercoiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003254 .
obo:ARO_3001969 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-109" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-109 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009479 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance to pyraclostrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the beta tubulin gene of phytopathogenic fungi have shown to cause resistance against the strobilurin class of antifungal pesticides, which target mitochondrial cellular respiration." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3000372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanT" ;
rdfs:comment "VanT is a membrane bound serine racemase, converting L-serine to D-serine. It is associated with VanC, which incorporated D-serine into D-Ala-D-Ser terminal end of peptidoglycan subunits that have a decreased binding affinity with vancomycin. It was isolated from Enterococcus gallinarum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002976 .
obo:ARO_3000891 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-20" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-20 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in several species of Gram-negative bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-229" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-229 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003253 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminocoumarin sensitive parY" ;
rdfs:comment "Subunit of topoisomerase IV sensitive to aminocourmarins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003258 .
obo:ARO_3004684 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-9.1" ;
rdfs:comment "A mobilized and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and phosphoethanolamine transferase identified from a Salmonella enterica isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clofazimine resistant Rv2535c" ;
rdfs:comment "Loss-of-function mutations in Rv2535c (pepQ) in Mycobacterium and Mycobacteroides which are associated with resistance to clofazimine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007690 .
obo:ARO_3003129 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-121" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-121 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv3169" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv3169 gene contribute to or confer resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001889 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-27" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-27 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005396 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CDD beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CDD beta-lactamases are class D beta-lactamases found in Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3003210 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA4" ;
rdfs:comment "FosA4 is an enzyme that confers resistance to fosfomycin in Escherichia coli by breaking the epoxide ring of the molecule." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3007030 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sal-type ABC-F protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Sal proteins are a part of the ABC-F proteins, expressed in staphylococci that confer resistance to group A streptogramin, lincosamide, and pleuromutilin antibiotics through ribosomal protection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004469 .
obo:ARO_3003170 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-131" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-131 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004635 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Il" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(6')-Il is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in Enterobacter cloaecae and Klebsiella aerogenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007395 .
obo:ARO_3003422 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant aftA" ;
rdfs:comment "Arabinofuranosyltransferase is involved in the biosynthesis of the arabinogalactan region of the mAGP complex, an essential component of the mycobacterial cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QepA3" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediate quinolone efflux pump described in Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli. QepA3 confers resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics by expelling the antibiotic molecules from the cell. This is distinct from the usual chromosomal mutation mechanism of quinolone resistance. Described by Wang et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ethambutol resistant embA" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations that occurs on the embA genes resulting in the resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005005 .
obo:ARO_3004152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminosalicylate resistant thymidylate synthase" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistant form of thymidylate synthase (synthetase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in nucleotide biosynthesis. Loss-of-function mutations in thymidylate synthase confer resistance to p-aminosalicylic acid by disrupting the substrate-binding affinity and catalytic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3002145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-14" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-14 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3004617 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-30" ;
rdfs:comment "An ADC beta-lactamase and cephalosporinase from Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3007042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "msr(G)" ;
rdfs:comment "msr(G) is a part of the msr subfamily of ABC-F ribosomal protection proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004471 .
obo:ARO_3005266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-235" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-235 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002018 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-7" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006440 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-83" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-83 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A28" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A28." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3005187 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-161" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-161 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004989 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrazinamide resistant Rv3008" ;
rdfs:comment "A hypothetical protein for which it has been predicted but no experimental evidence exists to determine its function. May contribute to pyrazinamide resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004988 .
obo:ARO_3002303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-33" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-33 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:comment "An unconstrained type or object" .
obo:ARO_3008944 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-597" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-597." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-601" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-601 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3000849 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SFH-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SFH-1 confers resistance to carbapenems in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004210 .
obo:ARO_3005200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-155" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-155 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella sp. KF07. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3004260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bah amidohydrolase" ;
rdfs:comment "Bah amidohydrolases are membrane proteins that inactivate bacitracin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3009258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr3 with mutations associated with resistance to miconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr2 gene is responsible for proteins that maintain the phospholipid bilayer permeability in fungi. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3004206 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SIM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SIM beta-lactamases are Class B beta-lactamases that are capable of hydrolyzing a wide variety of beta-lactams, including penicillins, narrow- to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and carbapenem. The SIM family of beta-lactamases appear to be transferable through integrons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3001550 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-363" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-363 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007700 .
obo:ARO_3009432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "thiabendazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Thiabendazole is a unique member of the benzimidazole class that can be used for human treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009317 .
obo:ARO_3001625 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-89" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-89 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-180" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-180 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1232" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1232." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3009031 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA-5" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PLA-5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005433 .
obo:ARO_3009110 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefazedone" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefazedone is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefazedone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3001193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-154" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-154 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006417 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-247" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-247 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "strobilurin-resistant fungal cytochrome b" ;
rdfs:comment "Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins involved in the respiratory chain complex for aerobic respiration in fungal organisms. Mutations in these proteins are associated with antifungal resistance by disrupting the inhibitory effect of certain drugs, such as azoxystrobin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-23-like beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D OXA beta-lactamases, specifically imipenem, derived from OXA-23, first identified in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000017 .
obo:ARO_3000721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell wall component targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "The cell wall is unique to bacteria and provides rigidity and protects the cell from lysis due to osmotic pressure. Its characteristic component is peptidoglycan, though cell wall structures vary significantly between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as mycobacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3009150 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MexPQ" ;
rdfs:comment "MexPQ is a multidrug efflux pump complex comprising MexP and MexQ as its primary components. This system functions as a core transport mechanism, interacting with outer membrane proteins to expel antibiotics and toxic substances, contributing to multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-922" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-922 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-206" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-206 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007672 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv0678" ;
rdfs:comment "Rv0678 encodes a transcription factor which negatively regulates the expression of the mmpS5/L5 efflux pump." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3007231 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-4.6" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-4-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3001199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-160" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-160 is a beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001930 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-69" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-69 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006814 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-446" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-446 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002296 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-26" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-26 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaZ beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaZ beta-lactamases are Class A beta-lactamases. These beta-lactamases are responsible for penicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3003675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "plazomicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Plazomicin is a neoglycoside, or next-generation, aminoglycoside, that has been identified as a potentially useful agent to combat drug-resistant bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000016 .
obo:ARO_3003937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Neisseria meningititis PBP2 conferring resistance to beta-lactam" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Neisseria meningititis PBP2 (penA) decreases affinity between beta-lactam antibiotic molecule and PBP2, thereby conferring resistance to beta-lactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003938 .
obo:ARO_3000633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenoxymethylpenicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenoxymethylpenicillin, or penicillin V, is a penicillin derivative that is acid stable but less active than benzylpenicillin (penicillin G)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009124 .
obo:ARO_3006854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-2" ;
rdfs:comment "CMH-2 is a CMH beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3000167 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(C)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet(C) is a tetracycline efflux pump found in many species of Gram-negative bacteria. It is typically found in plasmid DNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3006530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-152" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-152 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004953 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv0565c" ;
rdfs:comment "Rv0565c is a bacterial monoxygenase that has been newly uncovered in recent literature to show resistance to antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3000897 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-27" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-27 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates. Sequence data unavailable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3007202 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-16b" ;
rdfs:comment "New Delhi class B metallo-beta-lactamase 16b variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005114 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(6')-Ib-cr4" ;
rdfs:comment "A fluoroquinolone-acetylating aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant identified from Enterobacter. These proteins confer resistance to both fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005113 .
obo:ARO_3007563 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. TAC1 with mutations conferring resistance to azole antibiotics" ;
rdfs:comment "TAC1 is a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor that transcriptionally activates efflux units CDR1 and CDR2. Mutations in TAC1 upregulate CDR1 and CDR2 causing increased resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007555 .
obo:ARO_3002630 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ANT(9)-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "ANT(9)-Ia is an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase encoded by plasmids and transposons in S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mammaliicoccus sciuri, and E. faecalis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007400 .
obo:ARO_3001136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-82" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-82 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_0000065 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "clarithromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Clarithromycin is a methyl derivative of erythromycin, sharing the 14-carbon macrolide ring. The antibiotic binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome and is used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia (especially atypical pneumonias associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae or TWAR), and skin structure infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3009551 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to fluopyram" ;
rdfs:comment "The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is central to several fungal metabolisms, inclusive of sterol biosynthesis. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides target the SDH complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, blocking respiration and ATP production. Although SDHIs do not directly target P450 enzymes, mutations or altered expression in certain fungal P450s can affect drug detoxification and cellular metabolism, thereby contributing to conferred resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009549 .
obo:ARO_3003151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-22" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-22 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004041 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Klebsiella pneumoniae acrA" ;
rdfs:comment "AcrA is a subunit of the AcrAB multidrug efflux system that is found in K. pneumoniae, which is encoded by the acrRAB operon." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000207 .
obo:ARO_3008866 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-519" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase PDC-519." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004520 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label ">" ;
rdfs:comment "Greater than MIC value." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004519 .
obo:ARO_3008232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-102" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-102." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-39" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-39 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3000668 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "oxytetracycline" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxytetracycline is a derivative of tetracycline with a 5-hydroxyl group. Its activity is similar to other tetracyclines." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000050 .
obo:ARO_3008705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1295" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1295." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006588 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-210" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-210 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-29" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-29." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3001868 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-5" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-5 is a beta-lactamase found in Salmonella typhimurium." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3003794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus walK with mutation conferring resistance to daptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "walK is the histidine kinase sensor of a two-component regulatory system controlling peptidoglycan metabolism through regulation of the expression of most of the peptidoglycan hydrolase genes. Mutations in the gene have been found that confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003795 .
obo:ARO_3006121 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-941" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-941 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3007854 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis atpE with mutation conferring resistance to bedaquiline" ;
rdfs:comment "Genetic variants of ATPase subunit C atpE with mutations associated with resistance to bedaquiline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007477 .
obo:ARO_3003578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PmrF" ;
rdfs:comment "PmrF is required for the synthesis and transfer of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N) to Lipid A, which allows gram-negative bacteria to resist the antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics such as polymyxin. pmrF corresponds to 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and 1 locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004269 .
obo:ARO_3004032 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tetA(46)" ;
rdfs:comment "tetA(46) is a subunit of tetAB(46), a heterodimeric ABC transporter, that is required for conferring tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus australis isolated from the oral cavity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3006680 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-31" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-31 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003463 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis kasA mutant conferring resistance to isoniazid" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis kasA gene resulting in lowered affinity of isoniazid, resulting in resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003462 .
obo:ARO_3007443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-44" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-44 is a subclass B1 NDM metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-775" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-775 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005475 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-69" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-69 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3001834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-12" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-12 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005096 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GPC-1" ;
rdfs:comment "GPC-1 is a class A beta-lactamase. It is part of the GPC beta-lactamase gene family. Originally found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Confers resistance to B-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005095 .
obo:ARO_3001741 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-286" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-286 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007714 .
obo:ARO_3009070 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-251" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase TEM-251." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3002083 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-70" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-70 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006424 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-254" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-254 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006825 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-458" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-458 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007843 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VRA-F" ;
rdfs:comment "VRA-F is an ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, or ATP-binding cassette." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3002245 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-6" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-6 is a beta-lactamase found in Vibrio cholerae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004941 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis ddlA mutations confer resistance to cycloserine" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within Mycobacterium tuberculosis ddlA gene resulting in resistance to cycloserine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004939 .
obo:ARO_3003258 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive DNA topoisomerase subunit parY" ;
rdfs:comment "parY is a subunit of the topoisomerase IV. It decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow for transcription or translation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000766 .
obo:ARO_3007174 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "scutellarin" ;
rdfs:comment "Scutellarin is an experimental antibiotic potentiator that inhibits bacterial sortase A and caseinolytic peptidase P. When used in combination with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, scutellarin improves activity of the antibiotic, making it an effective adjuvant in the treatment of such infections." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007222 .
obo:ARO_3005902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-695" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-695 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004339 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-76" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000145 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tylosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tylosin is a 16-membered macrolide, naturally produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It interacts with the bacterial ribosome 50S subunit to inhibit protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3000188 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "trimethoprim" ;
rdfs:comment "Trimethoprim is a synthetic 5-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid is an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of the DNA nucleotide thymidine. Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections in combination with sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000171 .
obo:ARO_3007498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "allylamine antifungal" ;
rdfs:comment "Allylamines are a group of antibiotics, particularly antifungals, that act as squalene epoxidase and ergosterol inhibitors. They have broad-spectrum activity against pathogenic fungi, especially dermatophytes. The two main allylamines are naftifine and terbinafine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007183 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Rv1258c" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the Rv1258c (Tap) efflux pump contributing to antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3008972 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-625" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-625." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanX gene in vanP cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "vanX variant in the vanP cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000011 .
obo:ARO_3001361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-178" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-178 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008240 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-110" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-110." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3001344 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-143" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-143 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3006727 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-358" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-358 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006122 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-942" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-942 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3001222 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "chalcomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Produced by Streptomyces bikiniensis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3009058 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-239" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase SHV-239." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3001957 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-98" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-98 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000840 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "JOHN-1" ;
rdfs:comment "JOHN-1 is an Ambler class B carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004202 .
obo:ARO_3002469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-22" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-22 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_0000043 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "carbenicillin" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbenicillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic belonging to the carboxypenicillin subgroup of the penicillins. It has gram-negative coverage which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa but limited gram-positive coverage. The carboxypenicillins are susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes. Carbenicillin antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009123 .
obo:ARO_3005319 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-681" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-681 is a beta-lactamase in the OXA-2 family of OXA beta-lactamases that confers resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3001533 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-345" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-345 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3001237 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GE2270A" ;
rdfs:comment "GE2270A is the model molecule of cyclic thiazolyl peptide elfamycins. GE2270A is produced by Planobispora rosea. Biosynthesis of the molecule has been shown to originate as a ribosomally synthesized peptide that undergoes significant post-translational modification. Clinical use of cyclic thiazolyl peptides is hindered by their low water solubility and bioavailability." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001309 .
obo:ARO_3008376 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-28" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-28." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3006487 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-109" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-109 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-A-12" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-A-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3005732 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-502" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-502 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007706 .
obo:ARO_3004958 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant ponA1" ;
rdfs:comment "A probable bifunctional penicillin-binding protein that is involved in the final stages of peptidoglycan synthesis. It has been shown to cause resistance to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3006566 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-187" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-187 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3'')" ;
rdfs:comment "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000114 .
obo:ARO_3008340 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-218" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-218." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-330" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-330." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009316 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycosphaerella fijiensis cytochrome b protein with mutations associated with resistance to Azoxystrobin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations conferred to the cytochrome b gene conferring resistance against strobilurin pesticides such as azoxystrobin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009301 .
obo:ARO_3001636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-104" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-104 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008263 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-137" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-137." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004054 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas aeruginosa CpxR" ;
rdfs:comment "CpxR is directly involved in activation of expression of RND efflux pump MexAB-OprM in P. aeruginosa. CpxR is required to enhance mexAB-oprM expression and drug resistance, in the absence of repressor MexR." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000831 .
obo:ARO_3007313 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KL-L9P" ;
rdfs:comment "KL-L9P is an experimental peptide used to increase the permeability of Gram-negative bacterial membranes to enhance the entry of antibiotics such as linezolid, rifampicin, and clarithromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 .
obo:ARO_3005409 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EFM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "EFM beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamase found in Qipengyuania flava." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3005705 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114e" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114e is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3009604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Kluyveromyces marxianus FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3006370 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-201" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-201 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The GOB family of beta-lactamases have been discovered in the Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and are classified as subclass B3 beta-lactamase. They confer resistance to cephalosporins, penicillins, and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3000755 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic sensitive 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "The 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit helps to stabilize the aminoacyl-tRNAs for pairing with the mRNA codons. Some antibiotics (aminoglycosides) that target the 16S rRNA lead to mRNA misreading as well as premature termination. Other antibiotics (tetracyclines) that target the 16S rRNA prevent incoming charged-tRNAs from binding to the ribosome's A-site, stopping elongation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000740 .
obo:ARO_3000218 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase (ANT)" ;
rdfs:comment "Covalent modification of aminoglycoside antibiotic hydroxyl group by ATP-dependent transfer of AMP." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007380 .
obo:ARO_3001690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-255" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-255 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3001970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-110" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-110 is a beta-lactamase found in Shigella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009378 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans AIF1 with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Deletion mutation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009376 .
obo:ARO_3002458 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-8" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-8 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3003113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-221" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-221 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3009562 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant ATIC enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "ATIC is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps of the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway in most eukaryotes. Its gene, ADE17, produces a single polypeptide chain that folds into two distinct domains. The first domain isthe 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) Transformylase domain which takes the substrate AICAR and a folate molecule to add a carbon atom. The second is the IMP Cyclohydrolase domain which takes the result of the first reaction and transforms it into a ring to create Inosine Monophosphate (IMP), which is the precursor to all DNA/RNA bases. AICAR transformylase refers to the specific functional domain of the ADE17 enzyme that is targeted or inhibited by certain chemical compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3009582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3000001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins (are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase), cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem). These antibiotics have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam. The lactamase enzyme breaks that ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties. Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to treat a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative organisms are usually secreted." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3003196 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(45)" ;
rdfs:comment "Tet45 is a tetracycline efflux pump found in Bhargavaea cecembensis strain previously isolated from a poultry-litter-impacted soil." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3002498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-2" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-2 is a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-231" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-231 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002123 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-112" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-112 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3007213 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-36" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-36 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005537 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-24" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-24 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1194" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1194." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3000931 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-63" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-63 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003232 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Lipid III" ;
rdfs:comment "Lipid III is the precursor to the wall teichoic acid. It's inhibition leads to bacterial death as teichoic acid is required to anchor autolysins which control the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000721 .
obo:ARO_3008386 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-18" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-18." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3000081 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycopeptide antibiotics are natural products produced non-ribosomally by Actinomycetales bacteria. With the exception of bleomycins, they act by binding the terminal D-Ala-D-Ala in peptidoglycan precursors of the growing bacterial cell wall and are generally active against Gram-positive bacteria. This inhibits transglycosylation leading to cell death due to osmotic stress." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3008783 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-19" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-1-19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005334 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase DfrA42" ;
rdfs:comment "DfrA42 is a dihydrofolate reductase that confers resistant to Trimethoprim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3000177 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(J)" ;
rdfs:comment "TetJ is a tetracycline efflux protein expressed in Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia, Morganella, and Proteus)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3001359 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-176" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-176 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3007892 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-109" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-109." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005937 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-732" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-732 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3005464 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-54" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-54 is a IMP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006633 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-254" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-254 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-5" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-5 is a class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3001160 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-111" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-111 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009597 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis FSK1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-1,3-glucan synthase is utilised by fungi in their cell wall synthesis. Echinocandins are a group of anti-fungal compounds that inhibit this pathway, thereby combating a fungal infection." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3005779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-555" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-555 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-43" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-43 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008916 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-569" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-569." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008535 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1117" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1117." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3004789 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FONA-2" ;
rdfs:comment "FONA-2 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Serratia fonticola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004787 .
obo:ARO_3008375 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MIR-27" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase MIR-27." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000058 .
obo:ARO_3005721 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114v" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114v is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3007631 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cadaside B" ;
rdfs:comment "Cadasides are lipopeptides with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007629 .
obo:ARO_3003918 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "apmA" ;
rdfs:comment "Plasmid-borne apramycin-resistant aminocyclitol acetyltransferase gene identified from bovine MRSA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000341 .
obo:ARO_3001823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-3" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3009519 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51A with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3007426 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ECF transporter S component" ;
rdfs:comment "ECF transporter S component genes involved in host nutrient uptake." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007425 .
obo:ARO_3003620 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-464" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-464 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3008690 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1280" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1280." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3009086 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-34" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase VEB-34." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3004390 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antimicrobial resistance test platform" ;
rdfs:comment "System of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:NCIT_85540 .
obo:ARO_3004021 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "piperacillin-tazobactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the penam beta-lactam antibiotic Piperacillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3003181 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-26" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-26 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3006266 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-72" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-72 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3008152 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-263" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-263." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004549 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrB5" ;
rdfs:comment "A dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim resistance gene identified from an integron in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3003019 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dfrA23" ;
rdfs:comment "dfrA23 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001218 .
obo:ARO_3007592 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "formicamycin D" ;
rdfs:comment "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007574 .
obo:ARO_3004469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein" ;
rdfs:comment "A subfamily of the ATP-binding cassette protein superfamily. Unlike other ABC proteins, ABC-F genes are not fused to a transmembrane domain nor associated with transport. It has been shown that ABC-F proteins confer antibiotic resistance via ribosomal protection and not antibiotic efflux as in other ABC proteins." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000185 .
obo:ARO_3008471 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1052" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-229 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1052." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007709 .
obo:ARO_3003264 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aminoglycosides sensitive Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptible to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003263 .
obo:ARO_3004607 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cfr Group" ;
rdfs:comment "The cfr groups were determined by Candela et al (2017) by determining the phylogenetic relationship using the neighbour-joining method to compare the cfr-like proteins to cfr." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000202 .
obo:ARO_3007863 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ASU1 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ASU1 is a family of class A beta-lactamase enzymes shown to confer resistance to beta-lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3006454 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-97" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-97 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3006472 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-14" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-14 is a FOX beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3007372 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosBx1" ;
rdfs:comment "FosBx1 is a fosfomycin resistance gene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3004108 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterobacter cloacae rob" ;
rdfs:comment "rob is a positive regulator for the acrAB efflux genes, and is structurally similar to SoxS and MarA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000825 .
obo:ARO_3000015 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-1 shares 68 percent of its amino acids with TEM-1 and has a similar overall structure. The SHV-1 beta-lactamase is most commonly found in K. pneumoniae and is responsible for up to 20% of the plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance in this species. ESBLs in this family also have amino acid changes around the active site, most commonly at positions 238 or 238 and 240. More than 60 SHV varieties are known." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000096 .
obo:ARO_3001405 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-10" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii and P. aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007697 .
obo:ARO_3008927 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-580" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-580." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3003895 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pseudomonas mutant PhoP conferring resistance to colistin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoP of the two-component PhoPQ regulatory system. Presence of mutation confers resistance to colistin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000834 .
obo:ARO_3006151 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-45" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-45 is a OKP beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3004480 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bifidobacterium adolescentis rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin" ;
rdfs:comment "Bifidobacterium are antibiotic resistant probiotics are prescribed to upkeep the population beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiome. However, horizontal gene transfer among gut microbes could create harmful antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lokesh et al. analyzed Bifidobacterium antitubercular drug resistance and mutations in rpoB. They found that B. animalis, B. longum and B. adolescentis showed considerable resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and streptomycin, while B. adolescentis had mutations both in the rifampicin (RIF) pocket and in regions outside the pockets, and also showed considerable resistance to RIF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000210 .
obo:ARO_3005374 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-42" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-42 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_136512070.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Cutibacterium acnes 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3008367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-85" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-85." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004009 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefradine" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefradine is a first-generation cephalosporin and broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. Cefradine binding to penicillin-binding proteins disrupts cell wall peptidoglycan cross-linkage, resulting in cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3005407 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ECM beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "ECM beta-lactamases are class B3 beta-lactamases found in Qipengyuania citrea." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3006305 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-130" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-130 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3000946 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-79" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-79 is an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003141 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-11" ;
rdfs:comment "MOX-11 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3005715 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114p" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114p is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3009331 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "derepresses" ;
rdfs:comment "Removal of negative regulation caused by repression of transcription, such as deactivating a repressor protein so transcription is unimpeded." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3005042 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mlaD" ;
rdfs:comment "mlaD from the mla system is a gene proposed to play a part in the transport of phospholipids to the outer membrane. Insertions in mlaD are shown to confer resistance to linezolid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3004142 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OprZ" ;
rdfs:comment "OprZ is the outer membrane component of the AxyXY-OprZ efflux pump system in Achromobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3003530 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Antibiotic sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA" ;
rdfs:comment "Sensitive form of 16s susceptable to antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000755 .
obo:ARO_3002134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-3 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3001496 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-234" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-234 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3005834 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-613" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-613 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3008162 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-273" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-273." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007940 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-177" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-177." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3004355 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-92" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002155 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FOX-1" ;
rdfs:comment "FOX-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000067 .
obo:ARO_3007419 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein" ;
rdfs:comment "Bifunctional aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes composed of two separate functional domains. These proteins possess activity from both enzyme components, thereby conferring resistance to the combination of antibiotics from both domains, and may include acetylation, phosphorylation or nucleotidylation activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007380 .
obo:ARO_3008524 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1106" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-63 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1106." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007732 .
obo:ARO_3000260 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "glycopeptide resistance gene cluster VanL" ;
rdfs:comment "Homologous to VanC, contains a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase. The chromosome-located vanL gene cluster is inducible and confers low resistance to vancomycin. vanL organisms remain susceptible to teicoplanin. It is the only van gene cluster with two vanT genes. Gene orientation: vanL(XY)TmTrRS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000234 .
obo:ARO_3000448 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QepA1" ;
rdfs:comment "QepA1 is a plasmid-mediated efflux pump in E. coli, shown to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance. It is regulated by sox genes, also known as global stress regulators." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3009384 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal resistant myosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Myosin involved in motor trafficking of vesicles and organelles across cellular cytoskeletons, including eukaryotes like fungi." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3004133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Brachyspira hyodysenteriae 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to tylosin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in B. hyodysenteriae 23S rRNA shown to confer resistance to tylosin and erythromycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004125 .
obo:ARO_3000106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "acylation of antibiotic conferring resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Addition of an acyl group to an antibiotic, often via acetylation by acetylCoA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0001004 .
obo:ARO_0000071 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "levofloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3007201 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PAM-3" ;
rdfs:comment "PAM-3 is a member of the PAM family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases found in members of the Pseudomonas genus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007198 .
obo:ARO_3007495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "azole antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Azoles are a group of antibiotics, particularly antifungals, that target the cytochrome P450 enzyme sterol 14alpha-demethylase, which converts lanosterol to ergosterol. They are typically fungistatic in yeasts and fungicidal in molds. The two main groups of azoles are imidazoles and triazoles." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3006169 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-40" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-40 is a GES beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3005421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LUT beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "LUT beta-lactamases are class A beta lactamases found in Pseudomonas luteola." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3004823 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-52" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-52 is a class B metallo-beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007804 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-74" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-74 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3004509 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-3.8" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-3 polymyxin (incl. colistin) resistance gene variant identified from an Aeromonas isolate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3005807 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-586" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-586 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3008828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-481" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase PDC-481." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001416 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-21" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-21 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3000710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cell membrane component targeted by antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Interaction with the cell membrane phospholipids interferes with membrane permeability and integrity, leading to the leakage of cell contents. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is particularly sensitive." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000708 .
obo:ARO_3003157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-219" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-219 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004127 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli mipA" ;
rdfs:comment "MltA-interacting protein (mipA), is an antibiotic resistance-related outer membrane protein. Deletion of mipA increases kanamycin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 , obo:ARO_3004280 .
obo:ARO_3000673 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "griseoviridin" ;
rdfs:comment "Griseoviridin is a streptogramin A antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000034 .
obo:ARO_3002198 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-7" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3007220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-43" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-43 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1265" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1265." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subunit of efflux pump conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Subunits of efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000159 .
obo:ARO_3009610 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKS1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3007664 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida spp. High Osmolarity Glycerol 1 conferring resistance to caspofungin via absence" ;
rdfs:comment "Hog1 is a stress-activated protein kinase. Deletion of Hog1 confers resistance to caspofungin through increase in exposed chitin levels in the cell wall." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007663 .
obo:ARO_3006227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-10" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-10 is a FRI beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3001782 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-48" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3000788 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MdtEF-TolC" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtEF-TolC is a multidrug efflux complex in Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli. MdtE is the membrane fusion protein, MdtF is the inner membrane transporter, while TolC is the outer membrane channel." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3000979 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-116" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-116 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase found in many species of bacteria." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3008896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-549" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-549." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008006 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-290" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-290." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001528 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-340" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-340 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3007455 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cethromycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Cethromycin is a ketolide (macrolide) antibiotic, with a similar mechanism to telithromycin, with activity against selected gram-positive, gram-negative, atypical bacteria, and even designed for tularemia, plague, and anthrax prophylaxis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3008197 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-52" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase GOB-52." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004773 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CKO-1" ;
rdfs:comment "CKO-1 is a class A beta-lactamase gene found in Citrobacter koseri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004772 .
obo:ARO_3003925 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Haemophilus parainfluenzae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Haemophilus parainfluenzae parC resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and ParC. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000619 .
obo:ARO_3006667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-297" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-297 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007993 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-277" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-277." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005277 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-105" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-105 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008106 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-33" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-33." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3000117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic A47934" ;
rdfs:comment "A47934 is an 'aglycone' glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces toyocaensis. It is a teicoplanin-like glycopeptide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3000095 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SRT beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SRT beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3005495 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-47" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-47 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3000134 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "edeine B" ;
rdfs:comment "Edeine B is a subtype of the peptide antibiotic edeine, composed of beta-tyr, beta-ser, diaminopropionic acid, diaminohydroxyazelaic acid, glycine, and guanylspermidine. Edeine B is a mixture of edeine B1 and its inactive isomer, edeine B2. Edeines bind to the 30S subunit to block fMet-tRNA interaction at the P site, inhibiting protein synthesis and subsequent structure/function processes critical for life or replication. Edeine B has also been shown to inhibit septation and cause filamentous morphology, also leading to cell death." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000119 , obo:ARO_3009657 .
obo:ARO_3002801 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrVC4" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrVC4 is an integron-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Aeromonas punctata." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3008955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-608" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-608." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002224 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-33" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-33 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3006966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PFM-2" ;
rdfs:comment "PFM-2 is a PFM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005432 .
obo:ARO_3009667 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARD*Shark" ;
rdfs:comment "CARD*Shark is a machine-learning classification algorithm developed to automate literature curation triage for the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). Trained on publications already contained in CARD, it downloads and processes newly indexed PubMed articles and identifies those likely describing first reports of novel antimicrobial resistance genes, flagging them for biocurator review." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000045 .
obo:ARO_3005638 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-215" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-215 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3004561 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Clostridioides difficile murG with mutation conferring resistance to vancomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in murG which confer resistance to vancomycin in Clostridioides difficile." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004560 .
obo:ARO_3000488 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "telavancin" ;
rdfs:comment "Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vancomycin and is a second-generation lipoglycopeptide antibiotic. Telavancin inhibits cell wall synthesis by forming a complex with the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors and preventing transglycosylation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000081 .
obo:ARO_3009483 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus fumigatus Cyp51B with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3006601 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-221" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-221 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008157 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-268" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-268." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3005089 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mef(D)" ;
rdfs:comment "mef(D) is a major facilitator superfamily efflux pump protein. It works together with the msr proteins to confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3003059 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tmrB" ;
rdfs:comment "tmrB is an ATP-binding tunicamycin resistance protein found in Bacillus subtilis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004285 .
obo:ARO_3005383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-55" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-55 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_168247883.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3005554 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-6" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-6 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3000361 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "EreA" ;
rdfs:comment "EreA is an erythromycin esterase that hydrolyses the drug's lactone ring." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000320 .
obo:ARO_3009651 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA (adenine(1067)-N)-methyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass of 23S rRNA methyltransferase enzymes which methylate adenine at position 1067, a modification associated with resistance to the peptide antibiotic thiostrepton." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004274 .
obo:ARO_3006786 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-417" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-417 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3006514 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-137" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-137 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009598 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis FSK1 beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Echinocandin antifungals inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme complex essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Mutations in FKS genes compromise this enzyme and can confer resistance to echinocandin drug compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3002966 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanXY gene in vanC cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanXYC, is a vanXY variant found in the vanC gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000496 .
obo:ARO_3000838 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "arlR" ;
rdfs:comment "ArlR is a response regulator that binds to the norA promoter to activate expression. ArlR must first be phosphorylated by ArlS." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000750 .
obo:ARO_3007165 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "gemifloxacin" ;
rdfs:comment "Gemifloxacin is a broad-spectrum, fourth generation, oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, primarily in the lungs. It has been discontinued for therapeutic use in the US over concerns of tendon and peripheral neuron toxicity, although it is still available for experimental application and elsewhere for therapeutic use. It is usually administered as a mesylate salt, gemifloxacin mesylate." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000001 .
obo:ARO_3002037 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-26" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-26 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3002022 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-11" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-11 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3006133 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-12" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-12 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3002094 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-81" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-81 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-507" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-507 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-213" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-213 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005915 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-708" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-708 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3006642 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-266" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-266 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007791 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tartrolon G" ;
rdfs:comment "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007786 .
obo:ARO_3006612 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-234" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-234 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008731 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-954" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-954." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008168 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-30" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase DHA-30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3007112 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nimJ" ;
rdfs:comment "nimJ is a nitroimidazole reductase mainly found in Bacteroides fragilis that is associated with the deactivation of nitroimidazole antibiotics such as metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations observed in isolates vary greatly depending on species, strain, and nitroimidazole treatment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007103 .
obo:ARO_3000737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "rifamycin sensitive beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB)" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-subunit of RNA polymerase is targeted as a complex. When blocked, RNA strand elongation cannot continue after the first few nucleotides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003277 .
obo:ARO_3001333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-68" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-68 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3000998 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-134" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-134 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Citrobacter koseri." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3005743 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-513" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-513 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007716 .
obo:ARO_3008636 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1226" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-48 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1226." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3006970 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PLA-3" ;
rdfs:comment "PLA-3 is a PLA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005433 .
obo:ARO_3000282 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfonamide antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfonamides are broad spectrum, synthetic antibiotics that contain the sulfonamide group. Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroic acid as part of the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor of many nucleotides and amino acids. Many sulfamides are taken with trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, also disturbing the trihydrofolic acid synthesis pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3008397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-49" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-49." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005028 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-5" ;
rdfs:comment "FRI-5 is a carbapenem-hydrolyzing Class A beta-lactamase gene found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3008387 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MOX-19" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-1/MOX family class C beta-lactamase MOX-19." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000083 .
obo:ARO_3000149 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FosA" ;
rdfs:comment "An enzyme that confers resistance to fosfomycin in Serratia marcescens by breaking the epoxide ring of the molecule. It depends on the cofactors Manganese (II) and Potassium and uses Glutathione (GSH) as the nucleophilic molecule. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, FosA catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to carbon-1 of fosfomycin, rendering it ineffective as an antibacterial drug." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000133 .
obo:ARO_3007912 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-144" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-144." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3002291 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-21" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-21 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008399 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-51" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-51." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3008184 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "FRI-12" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase FRI-12." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004796 .
obo:ARO_3006498 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-122" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-122 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000644 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefaclor" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefaclor is a semisynthetic cephalosporin derived from cephalexin. It has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009106 .
obo:ARO_3004404 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "automated testing platform vendor" ;
rdfs:comment "Vendor of automated system of analysis for determining antimicrobial susceptibility." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004438 .
obo:ARO_3006280 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-100" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-100 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3001182 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-140" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-140 is a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-21" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-21 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter pittii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003846 .
obo:ARO_3009252 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Trychophyton rubrum Mdr1 with mutations associated with resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mdr gene is responsible for synthesis of the ABC class of efflux pumps. Mutation in this gene can result in resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009425 .
obo:ARO_3006469 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "DHA-28" ;
rdfs:comment "DHA-28 is a DHA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000068 .
obo:ARO_3000336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "23S rRNA with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in bacterial 23S rRNA from the large ribosomal subunit that confer resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotics such as linezolid block peptide synthesis through peptidyl transferase activity. Mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit reduce antibiotic binding affinity at specific sites, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000328 .
obo:ARO_3007088 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "murepavadin" ;
rdfs:comment "A peptidomimetic antibiotic with specific, potent action against members of the Pseudomonas genus. Murepavadin disrupts lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis by binding to lypopolysaccharide transport protein D." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007162 .
obo:ARO_3006402 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-233" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-233 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005997 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-797" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-797 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3002437 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3008274 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-148" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-148." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3009626 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antifungal susceptible ERG3 C-5 sterol desaturase" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, C5-desaturase is usually encoded by ERG3 which is a critical enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Its primary function is to catalyze the introduction of a carbon-carbon double bond at the C5 position of the sterol intermediate episterol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009195 .
obo:ARO_3003306 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Morganella morganii gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation in Morganella morganii resulting in fluoroquinolone resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000864 .
obo:ARO_3005694 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-45" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-45 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3006977 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PST-2" ;
rdfs:comment "PST-2 is a PST beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005437 .
obo:ARO_3005446 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHN beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SHN beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Shewanella denitrificans." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007284 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-2.3" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3004333 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "triclosan resistant gyrA" ;
rdfs:comment "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. Point mutations in gyrA have been shown to decrease susceptibility to the antibiotic triclosan. Although the mechanism is unclear, it is hypothesized that changes in supercoiling activity of mutant DNA gyrase proteins alters expression of stress response pathways thereby indirectly decreasing triclosan susceptibility. It has been shown that triclosan does not interact directly with gyrA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000273 .
obo:ARO_3006327 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-153" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-153 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mutanobactin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutanobactin is produced by a polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid system encoded by the mub locus. Mutanobactin-producing S. mutans inhibits planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis and is active against other Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000053 .
obo:ARO_3006908 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CfiA14" ;
rdfs:comment "CfiA14 is a CfiA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004200 .
obo:ARO_3008061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-351" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-351." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004271 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "16S rRNA methyltransferase (G1405)" ;
rdfs:comment "Methyltransferases that methylate the G1405 position of 16S rRNA, which is part of an aminoglycoside binding site." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000857 .
obo:ARO_3008906 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-559" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-559." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002443 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OKP-B-10" ;
rdfs:comment "OKP-B-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002417 .
obo:ARO_3009615 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nakaseomyces glabratus FSK1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations associated with resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "FKS1 encodes a catalytic subunit of the beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase complex typically associated with resistance to echinocandin antifungals. Although azoles primarily target ergosterol biosynthesis, rare FKS1 mutations have been reported to confer resistance. These mutations are thought to alter cell wall integrity and membrane to cell wall interactions, triggering compensatory stress response pathways that indirectly mitigate azole-mediated growth inhibition. Such cases represent uncommon, context-dependent resistance mechanisms rather than direct target-site resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009413 .
obo:ARO_3008434 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1013" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-51 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1013." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3009239 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans mrr2 with mutations associated with resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The Mrr2 gene encodes a zinc-cluster transcription factor that is specifically associated with the activation of the MDR1 multi-drug efflux transporter. In fungi, mutations in this gene result in overexpression of MDR1 and potential azole resistance. Some evidence also suggests that it may influence the activation of other efflux pumps as well in Candida species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009299 .
obo:ARO_3007380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "aminoglycoside modifying enzyme" ;
rdfs:comment "Resistance-conferring genetic elements encoding proteins involved in the enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics through chemical modification." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000557 .
obo:ARO_3008720 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-725" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-12 family class D beta-lactamase AmpS/OXA-725." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007699 .
obo:ARO_3008794 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-23" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-2-23." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004243 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RbpA bacterial RNA polymerase-binding protein" ;
rdfs:comment "RbpA is a family of bacterial RNA polymerase-binding proteins, which acts as a transcription factor and binds to the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000507 .
obo:ARO_3003952 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "YojI" ;
rdfs:comment "YojI mediates resistance to the peptide antibiotic microcin J25 when it is expressed from a multicopy vector. YojI is capable of pumping out microcin molecules. The outer membrane protein TolC in addition to YojI is required for export of microcin J25 out of the cell. Microcin J25 is thus the first known substrate for YojI." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010001 .
obo:ARO_3000087 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-MOX beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "A grouping of the related CMY and MOX beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000085 .
obo:ARO_3001905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-43" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-43 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3002320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-10" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006767 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-398" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-398 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005193 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-163" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-163 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli. It confers resistance to cephamycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3001064 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-5" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-5 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3003737 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus fusE with mutation conferring resistance to fusidic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "The mutations to the rplF gene encoding riboprotein L6 have been shown to cause fusidic acid resistance, demonstrating a potential secondary site of action of the antibiotic that is blocked through these mutations. Several types of mutations have been identified that cause resistance, including SNPs, frameshift mutations and early stop codons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003736 .
obo:ARO_3002104 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-91" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-91 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3003602 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-446" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-446 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007702 .
obo:ARO_3002955 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanY gene in vanA cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanYA, is a vanY variant found in the vanA gene cluster." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000077 .
obo:ARO_3007320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide is a widely-used experimental efflux pump inhibitor. It has also been shown to increase Gram-negative membrane permeability and enhance the entry of antibiotics, even in efflux pump deficient strains. It is also able to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms and disrupt quorum sensing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003932 , obo:ARO_3007223 , obo:ARO_3007225 .
obo:ARO_3006999 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SST-1" ;
rdfs:comment "SST-1 is a SST beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005451 .
obo:ARO_3005675 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-26" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-26 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3004415 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "direct bioautography" ;
rdfs:comment "A developed TLC plate is dipped into or sprayed with a microbial suspension and then incubated. Live microbial cells are visualized using tetrazolium salts." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004392 .
obo:ARO_3004809 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-2" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-2 is class B beta-lactamase gene found in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3005074 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ROB-4" ;
rdfs:comment "ROB-4 is a beta-lactamase from the blaROB AMR gene family. It was found in Moraxella porci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002994 .
obo:ARO_3009395 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit echinocandin activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009246 .
obo:ARO_3005438 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PSV beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "PSV beta-lactamases are class A beta-lactamases found in Pseudovibrio." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3008117 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-180" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMY-180." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_3005367 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-35" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase kpc-35 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] Accession: WP_111273852.1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3008257 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-129" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase KPC-129." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3006010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-810" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-810 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3002525 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-Ic" ;
rdfs:comment "AAC(2')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007393 .
obo:ARO_3008905 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-558" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-558." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009247 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida parapsilosis Erg3 with mutations conferring resistance to anidulafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg3 is a distinct member of the P450 class of enzymes that encodes C-5 sterol desaturase that functions in the late ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi. It catalyzes the introduction of a C-5,6 double bond into episterol and is localized to the ER membrane. Azole-mediated inhibition of Erg11 causes accumulation of toxic 14-alpha-methylated sterol intermediates and Erg3 acts on these intermediates to produce the species that are toxic to the cell. Loss-of-function mutations in ERG3 therefore confer azole tolerance by preventing the conversion of these intermediates into their toxic form, allowing the cell to survive drug exposure despite compromised ergosterol synthesis. There may be a fitness cost due to simultaneous compromises to membrane composition." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009246 .
obo:ARO_3007281 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-5.4" ;
rdfs:comment "An MCR-5-type colistin resistance gene variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3009320 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Botrytis cinerea beta-tubulin with mutations conferring resistance against carbendazim" ;
rdfs:comment "Botrytis cinerea beta-tubulin with mutations associated with resistance against carbendazim." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009319 .
obo:ARO_3009017 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A3" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A3." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3004855 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SCO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "SCOs are Class A beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a narrow range of penams, with some minor activity on cephalosporins and carbapenems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000078 .
obo:ARO_3001118 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-63" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-63 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3009380 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Saccharomyces cerevasiae AIF1 with mutations conferring resistance against caspofungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Deletion in AIF1 conferring resistance against caspofungin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009376 .
obo:ARO_3005553 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-5" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-5 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008351 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-234" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-234." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003369 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Escherichia coli EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to Pulvomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Sequence variants of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to Pulvomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003358 .
obo:ARO_3008557 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1139" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-143 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1139." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007701 .
obo:ARO_3006685 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-315" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-315 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3000318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mphB" ;
rdfs:comment "The mphB gene encodes for MPH(2')-II. This enzymes phosphorylates 14-membered and 16-membered macrolides. It phosphorylates macrolides in GTP- dependent manner at 2'-OH hydroxyl of desosamine sugar of macrolides." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000333 .
obo:ARO_3002913 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanO" ;
rdfs:comment "VanO is a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homolog that can synthesize D-Ala-D-Lac, an alternative substrate for peptidoglycan synthesis that reduces vancomycin binding affinity. It is associated with both vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002978 .
obo:ARO_3008186 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-59" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase GES-59." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3001656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-172" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-172 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008050 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-340" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-340." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004841 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-38" ;
rdfs:comment "A class-A beta-lactamase from Klebsiella." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3002695 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cmlA5" ;
rdfs:comment "cmlA5 is a plasmid or transposon-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3007008 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "diazabicyclooctane" ;
rdfs:comment "A class of serine beta-lactamase inhibitors." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007128 .
obo:ARO_3007394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AAC(2')-II" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase enzymes which inactivate kasugamycin through enzymatic acetylation, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000341 .
obo:ARO_3008163 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-274" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase CTX-M-274." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3006691 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-320" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-320 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3005596 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-173" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-173 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007432 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "alm glycyltransferase" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycyl transferase associated with polymyxin resistance operons not interacting with lipid A." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003580 , obo:ARO_3007429 .
obo:ARO_3006360 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-191" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-191 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005974 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-770" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-770 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3000004 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class B (metallo-) beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Ambler Class B beta-lactamases are the metallo-beta-lactamases. These enzymes possess one or two zinc ions in the active site, which are used to orient a hydroxide nucleophile to attack the carbonyl on a beta-lactam ring. There are currently no inhibitors in late-stage development for these relatively new beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000001 .
obo:ARO_3006132 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PER-11" ;
rdfs:comment "PER-11 is a PER beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000056 .
obo:ARO_3000679 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vernamycin C" ;
rdfs:comment "Vernamycin C is a streptogramin B antibiotic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000050 .
obo:ARO_3005828 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-607" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-607 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3007822 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-85" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-85 is a subclass B1 carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3009637 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans Upc2 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "UPC2 encodes a transcription factor that is a master regulator of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. Its mutation is clinically important because gain-of-function mutations in UPC2 are a well-known mechanism of azole resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009636 .
obo:ARO_3002289 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-19" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-19 is a beta-lactamase found in the Enterobacteriaceae family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008877 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-530" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-530." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001478 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-193" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-193 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007730 .
obo:ARO_3003077 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Enterococcus faecalis liaF mutant conferring daptomycin resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "liaF is an accessory protein that acts as a negative regulator of liaRS signal transduction pathway. Mutations confer daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003279 , obo:ARO_3004262 .
obo:ARO_2000003 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "outer_membrane_protein_of" ;
rdfs:comment "A component of tripartite efflux systems that resides in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The outer membrane protein forms a channel or pore that spans the outer membrane, enabling the export of substrates directly into the extracellular environment." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009193 .
obo:ARO_3000929 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-60" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-60 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3001752 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-297" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-297 is a beta-lactamase found in Acinetobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007715 .
obo:ARO_3005576 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-42" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-42 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004254 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "vanV gene in vanB cluster" ;
rdfs:comment "Also known as vanVB, is a vanV variant found in the vanB gene cluster. It is found in some but not all vanB operons in E. faecalis, suggesting the existence of varied gene compositions in vanB operons." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002916 .
obo:ARO_3004586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(51)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracycline inactivating enzyme. A flavoenzyme capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3005582 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-48" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-48 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3009113 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefroxadine" ;
rdfs:comment "Cefroxadine is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefroxadine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall causing cell lysis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009105 .
obo:ARO_3000156 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "spiramycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Spiramycin is a 16-membered macrolide and is natural product produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. It binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and inhibits peptidyl transfer activity to disrupt protein synthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000000 .
obo:ARO_3002256 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IND-1" ;
rdfs:comment "IND-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Chryseobacterium indologenes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000060 .
obo:ARO_3008445 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1024" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1024." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006285 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-105" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-105 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3005248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-200" ;
rdfs:comment "A beta-lactamase gene found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004429 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BBL Mueller-Hinton Broth" ;
rdfs:comment "High thymine and thymidine content." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004424 .
obo:ARO_3007552 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pleiotropic drug resistance transcription factors" ;
rdfs:comment "Pleiotropic Drug Resistance factors (PDR) are transcription factors in fungi that regulate the expression of genes encoding for efflux pumps causing multidrug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_0000010 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistance gene cluster, cassette, or operon" ;
rdfs:comment "Clusters of antibiotic resistance genes. May be regulated by a shared promoter or repressor." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000000 .
obo:ARO_3001879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-16" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-16 is a beta-lactamase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3000816 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mtrA" ;
rdfs:comment "MtrA is a transcriptional activator of the MtrCDE multidrug efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009640 .
obo:ARO_3008810 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-5-7" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase OXY-5-7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3005686 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GOB-37" ;
rdfs:comment "GOB-37 is a GOB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004212 .
obo:ARO_3007852 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0678 with mutation conferring resistance to clofazimine" ;
rdfs:comment "Genetic variants of the transcription factor Rv0678, which regulates expression of the mmpS5/L5 efflux pump, that are associated with resistance to clofazimine antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007853 .
obo:ARO_3001024 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-158" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-158 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3000917 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-48" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-48 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004719 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tet(X3)" ;
rdfs:comment "A tetracyline resistance gene located on an approximately 300-kb plasmid, designated p47AB. It inactivates all tetracyclines, including tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline.Adjacent to insertion sequence ISVsa3 on the conjugative plasmid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000036 .
obo:ARO_3005587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CARB-53" ;
rdfs:comment "CARB-53 is a CARB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000091 .
obo:ARO_3004639 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Corynebacterium striatum tetA" ;
rdfs:comment "The tetAB genes of the Corynebacterium striatum R-plasmid encode an ABC transporter and confer tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and oxalic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010002 .
obo:ARO_3000698 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfasalazine" ;
rdfs:comment "Sulfasalazine is a derivative of the early sulfonamide sulfapyridine (salicylazosulfapyridine). It was developed to increase water solubility and is taken orally for ulcerative colitis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000282 .
obo:ARO_3002879 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "linG" ;
rdfs:comment "linG is an integron-associated gene cassette, with aadA2, encoding a lincosomide nucleotidyltransferase found in Salmonella enterica. linG confers resistance to lincosomide antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3001394 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-217" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-217 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3003470 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis gidB mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations that occurs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis gidB causing it to be streptomycin resistant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003466 .
obo:ARO_3008412 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-67" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase NDM-67." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:ARO_3005604 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-181" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-181 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007466 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BP2" ;
rdfs:comment "BP2 is a novel beta-lactam-derived beta-lactamase inhibitor, efficacious when co-administered with meropenem in K. pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3005294 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-461" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-461 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008261 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-133" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-133." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000777 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "adeF" ;
rdfs:comment "AdeF is the membrane fusion protein of the multidrug efflux complex AdeFGH." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3001208 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "methicillin-resistant PBP2" ;
rdfs:comment "In methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), beta-lactams bind to native penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and disrupt synthesis of the cell membrane's peptidoglycan layer. In methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), foreign PBP2a acquired by lateral gene transfer is able to perform peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of beta-lactams." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000381 , obo:ARO_3003040 .
obo:ARO_3006234 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-39" ;
rdfs:comment "ACT-39 is a ACT beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3005288 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-337" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-337 is a class C beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3002413 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-6-1" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-6-1 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3007303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "tiopronin" ;
rdfs:comment "Tiopronin is a drug used to prevent and manage kidney stones in cystinuria patients. It has shown inhibitory activity against various metallo-beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007136 .
obo:ARO_3002392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-1-4" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-1-4 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella oxytoca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3004920 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone resistant eccC5" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations in the eccC5 gene contributing to antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolone." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 , obo:ARO_3004916 .
obo:ARO_3002641 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-Ia" ;
rdfs:comment "APH(3')-Ia is a transposon-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. coli and S. enterica. It is identical at the protein sequence to APH(3')-Ic, an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase encoded by plasmids, transposons and genomic islands in K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, S. marcescens, Corynebacterium spp., Photobacterium spp. and Citrobacter spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007406 .
obo:ARO_3001248 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "dihydromocimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Dihydromocimycin is produced by Streptomyces ramocissimus CBS190.69." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3002325 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-15" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-15 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3002839 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "lnuF" ;
rdfs:comment "lnuF is an integron-mediated nucleotidyltransferase found in Escherichia coli." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000221 .
obo:ARO_3007656 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "antibiotic resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis nitroreductase" ;
rdfs:comment "Inactivation of the F420-dependent anti-oxidant mechanism that protects M.tuberculosis against oxidative stress and bactericidal agents plays a role in antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3001812 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-54" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-54 is a beta-lactamase found in Shewanella spp." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3005896 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-689" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-689 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007725 .
obo:ARO_3008452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1031" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-50 family oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1031." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3003190 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "QnrB78" ;
rdfs:comment "QnrB78 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000419 .
obo:ARO_3009001 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A23" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A23." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3008214 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMI-27" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase IMI-27." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3001171 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-124" ;
rdfs:comment "SHV-124 is a beta-lactamase that has been found in clinical isolates." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3008200 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "HER-1" ;
rdfs:comment "Penicillin-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase HER-1." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007870 .
obo:ARO_3006353 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-184" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-184 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3007811 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis fabG1 with mutations conferring resistance to prothionamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Specific mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis fabG1 resulting in resistance to prothionamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007841 .
obo:ARO_3003326 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations that occur within Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB gene resulting in resistance to ethambutol." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000235 .
obo:ARO_3009397 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata ERG11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3002408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXY-2-13" ;
rdfs:comment "OXY-2-13 is a beta-lactamase. From the Pasteur Institute (Genopole) list of OXY beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3002388 .
obo:ARO_3002336 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "GES-7" ;
rdfs:comment "GES-7 is a beta-lactamase found in Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000066 .
obo:ARO_3004346 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-83" ;
rdfs:comment "An AmpC-like beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3008091 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMH-16" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase CMH-16." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004776 .
obo:ARO_3003653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CMY-133" ;
rdfs:comment "CMY-133 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000069 .
obo:ARO_0000061 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ceftobiprole" ;
rdfs:comment "Ceftobiprole (Zeftera/Zevtera) is a next generation (5th generation) cephalosporin antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococci. Ceftobiprole inhibits transpeptidases essential to building cell walls, and is a poor substrate for most beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009109 .
obo:ARO_3003430 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fluoroquinolone sensitive parE" ;
rdfs:comment "ParE is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, necessary for cell survival. Point mutations in ParE prevent fluoroquinolones from inhibiting DNA synthesis, thus conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003259 .
obo:ARO_3003238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to neomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3002981 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AmrAB-OprM" ;
rdfs:comment "AmrAB is an RND efflux system that impairs aminoglycoside accumulation in clinical Burkholderia vietnamiensis strains." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0010004 .
obo:ARO_3004303 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "nonsusceptible antimicrobial phenotype" ;
rdfs:comment "A bacterial strain is said to be nonsusceptible to a given antibiotic drug if it demonstrates either an intermediate or resistant phenotype when exposed to a concentration of a drug that is associated with a high likelihood of therapeutic failure, i.e. if the bacterial strain is not susceptible to the antibiotic drug but not necessarily totally resistant under all conditions. Definition from https://clsi.org." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004440 .
obo:ARO_3009587 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to posaconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3003119 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-428" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-428 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3006212 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VEB-15" ;
rdfs:comment "VEB-15 is a VEB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000043 .
obo:ARO_3004227 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "subclass B1 PEDO beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactamases that are part of the PEDO gene family and are classified as subclass B1 (metallo-) beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3008603 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1187" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-2 family class D beta-lactamase OXA-1187." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007704 .
obo:ARO_3009573 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "low frequency variant detected" ;
rdfs:comment "The sequencing reads support a mixed population, of which a fraction encode a nucleotide variant." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009567 .
obo:ARO_3005136 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-906" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-906 is a class D beta-lactamase from the OXA-50 family found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3006392 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-223" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-223 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3003806 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "daptomycin resistant gshF" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutations to the glutathione synthetase gshF confers daptomycin resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_0000031 .
obo:ARO_3005649 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-226" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-226 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3009020 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A7" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A7." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3009092 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-88" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-88." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3006779 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-409" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-409 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3004708 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefoxitin-sulbactam" ;
rdfs:comment "An antibiotic cocktail containing the cephamycin antibiotic cefoxitin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3009468 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata Yor1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Yor1 can cause excessive efflux of azoles when mutated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009466 .
obo:ARO_3007991 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-275" ;
rdfs:comment "Extended-spectrum class C beta-lactamase ADC-275." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3009421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida auris FKS1 beta-1,3-glucan synthase with mutations conferring resistance to micafungin" ;
rdfs:comment "Glucan synthase FKS2 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in Candida spp. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antifungal drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007546 .
obo:ARO_3004238 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "sulfonamide resistant sul" ;
rdfs:comment "The sul genes encode forms of dihydropteroate synthase that confer resistance to sulfonamide." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000381 .
obo:ARO_3006653 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-279" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-279 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3007616 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "pyrrolomycin A" ;
rdfs:comment "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007615 .
obo:ARO_3007318 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "metformin" ;
rdfs:comment "Metformin is a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes. It has been shown to increase Gram-negative membrane permeability and enhance the entry of certain antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and rifampicin. Metformin is also able to inhibit antibiotic efflux pumps such as AcrAB-TolC and MdtK." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007223 , obo:ARO_3007322 , obo:ARO_3007328 .
obo:ARO_3005609 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CTX-M-186" ;
rdfs:comment "CTX-M-186 is a CTX-M beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000016 .
obo:ARO_3007101 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BcIII" ;
rdfs:comment "Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase III is a class A beta-lactamase that breaks down a number of penicillins and cephalosporins in Bacillus cereus." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007100 .
obo:ARO_3005748 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-518" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-518 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007722 .
obo:ARO_3000796 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mdtF" ;
rdfs:comment "MdtF is the multidrug inner membrane transporter for the MdtEF-TolC efflux complex." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005547 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BlaB-33" ;
rdfs:comment "BlaB-33 is a BlaB beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004201 .
obo:ARO_3008272 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-146" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-146." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003959 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "linoleic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. Linoleic acid has been found to have antibacterial activity, particularly in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacterial species." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003956 .
obo:ARO_3003297 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bartonella bacilliformis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutation of Bartonella bacilliformis gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3008427 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1006" ;
rdfs:comment "Class D beta-lactamase OXA-1006." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009641 .
obo:ARO_3009660 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 mutant conferring resistance to nafcillin and cefoxitin" ;
rdfs:comment "Mutant PBP4 in S. aureus conferring resistance to nafcillin and cefoxitin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009659 .
obo:ARO_3009508 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aspergillus niger Cyp51a with mutations conferring resistance to voriconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3009540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ramularia collo-cygni Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to epoxiconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Cyp51 enzyme system belongs to the broader P450 family. It is integral to ergosterol synthesis. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Cyp51 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3005452 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "STA beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "STA beta-lactamases are class B1 beta-lactamases found in Stigmatella aurantiaca." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000568 .
obo:ARO_3007885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ACT-102" ;
rdfs:comment "Cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase ACT-102." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000072 .
obo:ARO_3001647 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-97" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-97 is a beta-lactamase found in A. baumannii." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007728 .
obo:ARO_3006421 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "ADC-251" ;
rdfs:comment "ADC-251 is a ADC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005460 .
obo:ARO_3004286 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenotypic variant regulator" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenotypic variant regulator proteins play a role in controlling the switch between antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant forms of bacteria. The characterized member of this family is the PvrR protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which when absent, confers antibiotic resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003768 .
obo:ARO_3006540 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-161" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-161 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_0000026 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "streptogramin antibiotic" ;
rdfs:comment "Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000003 .
obo:ARO_3007578 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "fasamycin H" ;
rdfs:comment "Fasamycin congeners were named as such after they were shown to be inhibitors of the bacterial fatty acid synthase (FAS) condensing enzyme FabF." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007573 .
obo:ARO_3003948 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "efrA" ;
rdfs:comment "efrA is a part of the EfrAB efflux pump, and both efrA and efrB are necessary to confer drug resistance." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000748 .
obo:ARO_3005710 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-114j" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-114j is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007698 .
obo:ARO_3007130 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "beta-lactam derived beta-lactamase inhibitor" ;
rdfs:comment "Beta-lactam derived beta-lactamase inhibitors are molecules possessing structural similarity to beta-lactam antibiotics (i.e. beta-lactam ring) that inhibit the function of serine beta-lactamases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007128 .
obo:ARO_3009586 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cryptococcus neoformans Erg11 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase with mutations conferring resistance to itraconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Erg11 encodes a protein lanosterol-14-alpha-demethylase, which is integral to ergosterol biosynthesis. In fungi, a mutation to this gene can result in conferred resistance to azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3008304 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-178" ;
rdfs:comment "Inhibitor-resistant class A beta-lactamase KPC-178." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3003382 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella enterica soxR with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "SoxR is a sensory protein that upregulates soxS expression in the presence of redox-cycling drugs. This stress response leads to the expression of many multidrug efflux pumps." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000836 .
obo:ARO_3001322 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "phenelfamycin G" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenelfamycin G is produced by Streptomyces albospinus strain Acta 3619. Phenelfamycin G and H are isomeric and similar to phenelfamycin E and F only with the addition of a hydroxyl group at position C-30. Phenelfamycin G and H have a narrow antibacterial spectrum with potent activity against Cutibacterium acnes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3001310 .
obo:ARO_3007383 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-95" ;
rdfs:comment "KPC-95 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase found in Klebsiella pneumonia." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3000760 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cycloserine" ;
rdfs:comment "Cycloserine is an anti-mycobacterial agent, and is active against enterobacteria, streptococci, M. tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibits cell wall biosynthesis." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007154 .
obo:ARO_3005700 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NDM-30" ;
rdfs:comment "NDM-30 is a NDM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000057 .
obo:UBERON_0003135 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "male reproductive organ" ;
rdfs:comment "A male organ involved in reproduction." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004430 .
obo:ARO_3007865 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "B3SU2 beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "B3SU2 is a family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases which confer resistance to beta-lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics through enzymatic inactivation." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000571 .
obo:ARO_3009457 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida glabrata ERG11 with mutations conferring resistance to prochloraz" ;
rdfs:comment "The fungal Erg11 enzyme is lanosterol demethylase belongs to the broader P450 family. The enzyme contributes directly to ergosterol synthesis pathway. Azoles target lanosterol demethylase thereby halting ergosterol production and ultimately compromises fungal cell membrane integrity. Mutations to Erg11 genes have been shown to inhibit azole activity." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009621 .
obo:ARO_3003541 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsB gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to streptomycin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003666 .
obo:ARO_3008978 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-631" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-631." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001301 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "RlmA(II)" ;
rdfs:comment "RlmA(II) is a methyltransferase found in Streptococcus pneumoniae and confers resistance to tylosin and mycinamicin. Specifically, this enzyme adds a methyl group to guanosine 748 (E. coli numbering) of 23S ribosomal RNA." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000492 , obo:ARO_3001298 .
obo:ARO_3005515 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "VIM-67" ;
rdfs:comment "VIM-67 is a VIM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000021 .
obo:ARO_3008902 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-555" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-555." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_1000002 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "mechanism of antibiotic resistance" ;
rdfs:comment "Antibiotic resistance involves a diversity of biochemical, cellular, and genetic mechanisms." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_1000001 .
obo:ARO_3007751 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Salmonella isangi gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones" ;
rdfs:comment "Point mutations in Salmonella gyrA that confer resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid which are fluoroquinolone antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3003292 .
obo:ARO_3009241 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Candida albicans TAC1 with mutations conferring resistance to fluconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "In fungi, the Tac1 gene is a zinc cluster transcription factor that influences the transcription of several proteins related to antifungal resistance. Of particular note, Tac1 influences the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 which are multi-drug efflux transporters. Mutations to Tac1 can result in resistance against azole drugs. These types of mutations are noted to cause a loss of heterozygosity in TAC1 through mitotic recombination of the left arm of Chromosome 5." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009298 .
obo:ARO_3004362 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-535" ;
rdfs:comment "A chromosome-carried OXA-48-like beta-lactamase, OXA-535, identified in Shewanella spp. JAB-1. Likely the progenitor to the plasmid-carried OXA-436. Expression of OXA-535 in E. coli demonstrated carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity. Described by Jousset et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007721 .
obo:ARO_3007693 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMZ beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "The AMZ genes showed resistance against some beta-lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin and cephalothin, and the beta-lactamase AMZ-1 exhibited a similar substrate spectrum response. Similar to other AmpC beta-lactamases, AMZ-1 is strongly inhibited by avibactam but much less strongly inhibited by tazobactam." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:ARO_3003589 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "NmcA" ;
rdfs:comment "NmcA is a class A serine beta-lactamase isolated from Enterobacter cloacae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000018 .
obo:ARO_3008225 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-99" ;
rdfs:comment "Subclass B1 metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-99." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008885 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-538" ;
rdfs:comment "Class C beta-lactamase PDC-538." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3001349 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "SHV-174" ;
rdfs:comment "The beta-lactamase name SHV-174 has been depreciated." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000015 .
obo:ARO_3004357 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "catV" ;
rdfs:comment "A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase identified in Brevibacillus brevis and shown to confer resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2017." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000122 .
obo:ARO_3006792 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PDC-422" ;
rdfs:comment "PDC-422 is a PDC beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000098 .
obo:ARO_3009012 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "PEN-A33" ;
rdfs:comment "Class A beta-lactamase PEN-A33." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007873 .
obo:ARO_3002220 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "IMP-29" ;
rdfs:comment "IMP-29 is a beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000020 .
obo:ARO_3008356 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "KPC-240" ;
rdfs:comment "Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase KPC-240." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000059 .
obo:ARO_3004688 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "MCR-1.11" ;
rdfs:comment "A plasmid-mediated phosphoethanolamine transferase and MCR-1 variant identified from Escherichia coli as conferring resistance to colistin antibiotics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3004268 .
obo:ARO_3008513 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-1095" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-23 family carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase OXA-1095." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007710 .
obo:ARO_3009536 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pyrenopeziza brassicae Cyp51 with mutations conferring resistance to metconazole" ;
rdfs:comment "Cyp51 are subtypes of P450 genes that are essential to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. When mutated in fungal species, these genes can confer resistance against azole drugs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3009200 .
obo:ARO_3004758 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "BPU Beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "BPU is a class D beta lactamase gene family." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000075 .
obo:ARO_3002462 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "LEN-12" ;
rdfs:comment "LEN-12 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000097 .
obo:ARO_3007600 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cervimycin" ;
rdfs:comment "The polyketide antibiotics cervimycins are natural products of Streptomyces tendae HKI 0179 with promising activity against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3005171 .
obo:ARO_3007408 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "APH(3')-II" ;
rdfs:comment "A family of aminoglycoside 3'-O-phosphotransferase enzymes which inactivate kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin and butirosin by catalyzing the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of these antibiotics, thereby conferring resistance to these compounds." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000126 .
obo:ARO_3006040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-847" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-847 is a OXA beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007724 .
obo:ARO_3001485 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "OXA-207" ;
rdfs:comment "OXA-207 is a beta-lactamase. Name originally from the historical Lahey list of beta-lactamases, some of which did not include sequence data." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3007711 .
obo:ARO_3007040 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "cefotaxime-ceftiofur-tazobactam-clavulanate" ;
rdfs:comment "A combination therapy for multidrug resistant pathogens consisting of two cephalosporin antibiotics (cefotaxime and ceftiofur) with two beta-lactamase inhibitors (tazobactam and clavulanate) encapsulated in a nanoparticle. They were shown to have efficient antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000707 .
obo:ARO_3000076 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "class C beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "AmpC type beta-lactamases are commonly isolated from extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. AmpC beta-lactamases (also termed class C or group 1) are typically encoded on the chromosome of many Gram-negative bacteria including Citrobacter, Serratia, Enterobacter species, and P. aeruginosa where its expression is usually inducible; it may also occur on Escherichia coli but is not usually inducible, although it can be hyperexpressed. AmpC type beta-lactamases may also be carried on plasmids. AmpC beta-lactamases, in contrast to ESBLs, hydrolyse broad and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cephamycins as well as to oxyimino-beta-lactams) but are not inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000001 .
obo:ARO_3006140 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "TEM-99" ;
rdfs:comment "TEM-99 is a TEM beta-lactamase." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000014 .
obo:ARO_3004199 a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "CepS beta-lactamase" ;
rdfs:comment "CepS beta-lactamases are Class C beta-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing cephalosporin." ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:ARO_3000076 .
obo:IAO_0000115 a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "definition" ;
rdfs:range xsd:string .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "is_a" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_adjuvant" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_amr_gene_family" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_antibiotic" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_antibiotic_plus_adjuvant" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_drug_class" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_drug_subclass" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_efflux_component" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_efflux_regulator" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_resistance_mechanism" ;
rdfs:range .
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "classified_as_virulence_factor" ;
rdfs:range .