PREFIX owl: PREFIX rdf: PREFIX rdfs: PREFIX xsd: PREFIX ARRIVE: PREFIX ASTM: PREFIX BFO: PREFIX CHEBI: PREFIX CL: PREFIX ECTO: PREFIX EDAM: PREFIX EFO: PREFIX ENVO: PREFIX GIVReST: PREFIX HP: PREFIX HsapDv: PREFIX ISO10991: PREFIX ISO22916: PREFIX MAMO: PREFIX MESH: PREFIX MIACA: PREFIX MISpheroID: PREFIX MP: PREFIX MmusDv: PREFIX NCBITaxon: PREFIX NCIT: PREFIX OBI: PREFIX OECD: PREFIX PATO: PREFIX UBERON: PREFIX UO: PREFIX UPHENO: PREFIX biolink: PREFIX example: PREFIX linkml: PREFIX namo: PREFIX schema: PREFIX dcterms: PREFIX skos: PREFIX sh: PREFIX vann: a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "namo" ; rdfs:comment """NAMO (New Approach Methodology Ontology) is a comprehensive schema for representing diverse in vitro and in silico model systems used as alternatives to traditional animal testing. It supports organoids, organ-on-chip systems, 3D cell cultures, computational models, and other New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) used in toxicology, drug discovery, and biomedical research. ## Schema Organization The schema follows a hierarchical structure that mirrors how NAM research is organized and conducted: The top-level entity is a [Dataset](Dataset.md), which serves as a container for related research activities. A dataset might represent all NAM models from a specific laboratory, regulatory study, or collaborative research program. Each dataset contains one or more [Studies](Study.md), which are focused investigations using specific NAM approaches. For example, a study might investigate \"Hepatotoxicity screening using liver organoids\" or \"Multi-organ drug ADMET assessment using microphysiological systems.\" Within each study, you'll find: ### Model Systems The core of NAMO is the representation of different [NAM model types](NAMModel.md): - **[Organoids](Organoid.md)**: Self-organizing 3D tissue models derived from stem cells that recapitulate organ-specific architecture and function. Examples include brain organoids for neurotoxicity testing, intestinal organoids for drug absorption studies, and liver organoids for metabolism research. - **[Organ-on-Chip Systems](OrganOnChip.md)**: Microfluidic devices that simulate organ-level physiology with precise control over cellular microenvironment. These include lung-on-chip for inhalation toxicology, heart-on-chip for cardiotoxicity assessment, and multi-organ chips for systemic drug effects. - **[Tissue-on-Chip Systems](TissueOnChip.md)**: Microfluidic models focused on specific tissue functions such as blood-brain barrier chips, skin models for dermatological testing, and kidney proximal tubule chips for nephrotoxicity screening. - **[3D Cell Cultures](ThreeDCellCulture.md)**: Three-dimensional cell culture systems including spheroids, scaffold-based cultures, and bioengineered tissues that provide more physiologically relevant environments than traditional 2D cultures. - **[2D Cell Cultures](TwoDCellCulture.md)**: Monolayer cell culture systems with specialized configurations, substrates, and culture conditions optimized for specific applications. - **[Co-Culture Systems](CoCulture.md)**: Multi-cell-type culture systems that model cellular interactions, tissue interfaces, and organ-level communication pathways. ### Computational Models NAMO supports various in silico approaches: - **[Machine Learning Models](MLModel.md)**: AI/ML systems for toxicity prediction, including deep learning models for chemical structure-activity relationships, neural networks for dose-response modeling, and ensemble methods for multi-endpoint prediction. - **[QSAR Models](QSARModel.md)**: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models that predict biological activity from molecular structure, including traditional statistical approaches and modern machine learning implementations. - **[PBPK Models](PBPKModel.md)**: Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models that simulate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion using mathematical representations of biological processes. - **[Digital Twins](DigitalTwin.md)**: Integrated computational models that combine multiple data sources and modeling approaches to create personalized, real-time simulations of biological systems. - **[Metabolic Models](MetabolicModel.md)**: Systems biology models of cellular metabolism, including flux balance analysis, kinetic modeling, and constraint-based approaches for understanding metabolic perturbations. ### Technical Specifications #### Microfluidic Design For chip-based systems, detailed [microfluidic design](MicrofluidicDesign.md) specifications capture device architecture, including channel configurations, flow control methods, sensor integration, and material properties essential for reproducibility and standardization. #### Validation and Concordance NAMO emphasizes validation through [structured concordance analysis](StructuredConcordanceResult.md): - **[Molecular Similarity](MolecularSimilarity.md)**: Gene expression profiles, protein markers, and metabolomic signatures compared to reference biological systems - **[Functional Parity](FunctionalParity.md)**: Physiological responses, barrier functions, and cellular behaviors that match in vivo counterparts - **[Reproducibility](Reproducibility.md)**: Inter-laboratory consistency, batch-to-batch variation, and quality control metrics #### Performance Metrics Quantitative assessment through standardized [functional assays](FunctionalAssay.md) that measure model performance, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy against known outcomes and regulatory endpoints. ## Use Cases NAMO supports diverse applications across multiple domains: ### Regulatory Toxicology - **Chemical Safety Assessment**: Systematic evaluation of chemical toxicity using integrated NAM approaches, supporting regulatory submissions to EPA, FDA, and ECHA - **Cosmetics Testing**: Non-animal approaches for skin sensitization, eye irritation, and systemic toxicity assessment as required by regulations worldwide - **Pesticide Evaluation**: Environmental and human health risk assessment using NAMs for neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity endpoints ### Pharmaceutical Development - **Drug Discovery**: Early-stage compound screening using organ-specific models to identify promising candidates and eliminate toxic compounds - **ADMET Profiling**: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity assessment using integrated organ-on-chip platforms and computational models - **Precision Medicine**: Patient-derived organoids and digital twins for personalized drug selection and dosing strategies ### Academic Research - **Disease Modeling**: Patient-specific organoids for studying rare diseases, cancer biology, and genetic disorders in controlled laboratory environments - **Mechanistic Studies**: Investigation of toxicity pathways, cellular responses, and molecular mechanisms using well-characterized NAM systems - **Method Development**: Innovation in NAM technologies, validation approaches, and standardization protocols ## Key Features - **Multi-Modal Integration**: Support for combining multiple NAM approaches in integrated testing strategies (ITS) and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) - **Standardization Focus**: Emphasis on reproducibility, quality control, and inter-laboratory harmonization essential for regulatory acceptance - **Literature Integration**: Comprehensive [reference](Reference.md) system linking models to peer-reviewed publications, regulatory guidance, and validation studies - **Ontology Alignment**: Integration with established ontologies including UBERON (anatomy), CL (cell types), CHEBI (chemicals), and OBI (biomedical investigations) For detailed curation guidelines, see: - [How to Curate Organoid Papers](https://monarch-initiative.github.io/namo/how-to/curate-organoid-paper/) - [How to Curate Organ-on-Chip Papers](https://monarch-initiative.github.io/namo/how-to/curate-organ-on-chip-paper/) ## Community and Standards NAMO is developed in collaboration with the NAM research community, regulatory agencies, and standards organizations including OECD, ICCVAM, and ESTIV. It supports the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) and contributes to the transition toward animal-free testing methodologies in safety assessment and biomedical research. """ ; rdfs:seeAlso ; dcterms:license "BSD-3-Clause" ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "namo" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/monarch-initiative/namo/"^^xsd:anyURI ; sh:declare [ sh:prefix "ARRIVE" ; sh:namespace "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410#"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "ASTM" ; sh:namespace "https://www.astm.org/standards/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "BFO" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "CHEBI" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "CL" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "ECTO" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECTO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "EDAM" ; sh:namespace "http://edamontology.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "EFO" ; sh:namespace "http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "ENVO" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "GIVReST" ; sh:namespace "https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2501011#"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "HP" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "HsapDv" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HsapDv_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "ISO10991" ; sh:namespace "https://www.iso.org/standard/82146.html#"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "ISO22916" ; sh:namespace "https://www.iso.org/standard/74157.html#"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "MAMO" ; sh:namespace "http://identifiers.org/mamo/MAMO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "MESH" ; sh:namespace "http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "MIACA" ; sh:namespace "https://doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2015-0393#"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "MISpheroID" ; sh:namespace "https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb10010007#"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "MP" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MP_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "MmusDv" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MmusDv_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "NCBITaxon" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "NCIT" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "OBI" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "OECD" ; sh:namespace "https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "PATO" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "UBERON" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "UO" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "UPHENO" ; sh:namespace "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UPHENO_"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "biolink" ; sh:namespace "https://w3id.org/biolink/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "example" ; sh:namespace "https://example.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "linkml" ; sh:namespace "https://w3id.org/linkml/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "namo" ; sh:namespace "https://w3id.org/monarch-initiative/namo/"^^xsd:anyURI ] , [ sh:prefix "schema" ; sh:namespace "http://schema.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ] . namo:AnimalModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch ARRIVE:animal_model ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:ModelSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:age_value ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:QuantityValue ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:age_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:environment ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:EnvironmentalExposure ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:environment ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:life_stage ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:LifeStage ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:life_stage ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:species ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:OrganismTaxon ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:species ; owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:strain ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:OrganismTaxon ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:strain ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:BiolinkEntity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Abstract parent for NAMO classes that stand in for a class in the Biolink Model." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:name ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:name ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:description ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:description ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( biolink:Cell biolink:EnvironmentalExposure biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:LifeStage biolink:OrganismTaxon biolink:PhenotypicFeature ) ] . namo:BiologicalSystem a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing . biolink:Cell a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:BiolinkEntity . namo:CellLineModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A model system based on immortalized cell lines that can be maintained in culture indefinitely. Examples: HepG2, A549, Caco-2, etc." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:TwoDCellCulture , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:authentication_method ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:authentication_method ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:passage_range ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:passage_range ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:CellRatio a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Ratio specification for different cell types in co-culture systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:Cell ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ratio ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ratio ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ratio_type ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:RatioTypeEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ratio_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:CellTypeCoverage a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Assessment of cell type representation and cellular diversity between systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type_proportions ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:CellTypeProportion ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:coverage_percentage ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:coverage_percentage ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:missing_cell_types ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:Cell ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:represented_cell_types ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:Cell ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:single_cell_method ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:single_cell_method ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:CellTypeProportion a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative comparison of cell type proportions between systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_proportion ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_proportion ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:Cell ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_proportion ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_proportion ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:proportion_ratio ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:proportion_ratio ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:CellularSystem a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Cell-based model systems that use living cells to model biological processes. Includes 2D cultures, 3D systems, and co-cultures. Conforms to MIACA (Minimal Information About a Cellular Assay) standards." ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch MIACA:cellular_assay ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:NamModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_source ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_source ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_types ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:Cell ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:culture_conditions ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:culture_conditions ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( namo:CoCulture namo:ThreeDCellCulture namo:TwoDCellCulture ) ] . namo:ChannelDimensions a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Dimensions of a microfluidic channel according to ISO 10991:2023 definitions for microchannel geometry and dimensions" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:microchannel ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:channel_name ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:channel_name ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:height ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:height ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:length ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:length ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:width ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:width ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:CoCulture a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Co-culture systems combining multiple cell types to mimic microenvironments and cell-cell interactions." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:CellularSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_ratios ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:CellRatio ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:coculture_configuration ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:coculture_configuration ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:interaction_mechanisms ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] . namo:ConcordanceResult a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type_coverage ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type_coverage ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_parity ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_parity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_similarity ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_similarity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_concordance ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_concordance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_overlap ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_overlap ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reproducibility ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reproducibility ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:CrossValidation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Cross-validation strategy and results for ML models." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cv_method ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cv_method ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cv_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cv_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cv_std ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cv_std ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:n_folds ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:n_folds ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:Dataset a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_systems ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ModelSystem ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:studies ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Study ] . namo:DigitalTwin a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Computational replicas of biological systems for real-time prediction and personalized modeling." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:InSilicoModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:personalization_parameters ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:real_time_data_sources ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:twin_scope ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:twin_scope ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:update_frequency ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:update_frequency ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:DoseResponseSimilarity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Comparison of dose-response relationships between model and biological systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:compound_tested ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:compound_tested ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:correlation_coefficient ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:correlation_coefficient ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ec_50_ratio ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ec_50_ratio ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:max_response_ratio ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:max_response_ratio ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:DrugProperties a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Physicochemical and pharmacological properties of a drug in PBPK models." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:clearance ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:clearance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:logp ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:logp ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_weight ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_weight ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pka ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pka ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:protein_binding ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:protein_binding ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:EnrichmentStatistics a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Statistical measures for pathway enrichment analysis." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:enrichment_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:enrichment_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:genes_in_dataset ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:genes_in_dataset ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:genes_in_pathway ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:genes_in_pathway ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:p_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:p_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:q_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:q_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . biolink:EnvironmentalExposure a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete event type where an organism is exposed to an environmental condition." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:BiolinkEntity . namo:FunctionalAssay a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A functional assay used to assess biological capabilities." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:assay_result ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:assay_result ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:assay_type ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:assay_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:methodology ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:methodology ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reference_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reference_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:units ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:units ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:FunctionalParity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Evaluation of functional capabilities and physiological responses between systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:conserved_functions ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:dose_response_similarity ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:DoseResponseSimilarity ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:dose_response_similarity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_assays ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:FunctionalAssay ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_similarity_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_similarity_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:impaired_functions ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] . namo:Gene a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A gene entity with identifiers and expression information." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:adjusted_p_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:adjusted_p_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ensembl_id ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ensembl_id ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:entrez_id ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:entrez_id ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:fold_change ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:fold_change ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:gene_symbol ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:gene_symbol ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:p_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:p_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:BiolinkEntity . namo:InSilicoModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Computational models that simulate biological processes without physical biological components." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:NamModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:computational_method ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:computational_method ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:prediction_scope ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:prediction_scope ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:software_platform ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:software_platform ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:validation_datasets ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( namo:DigitalTwin namo:MlModel namo:MetabolicModel namo:PbpkModel namo:QsarModel ) ] . biolink:LifeStage a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A stage of development or growth of an organism, including post-natal adult stages." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:BiolinkEntity . namo:MlModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Machine Learning and AI-based models for prediction, mechanism inference, and hypothesis generation." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:InSilicoModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cross_validation ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:CrossValidation ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cross_validation ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:feature_types ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:FeatureTypeEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ml_algorithm ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MlAlgorithmEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:ml_algorithm ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_interpretability ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_interpretability ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:training_data_size ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:training_data_size ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:MechanicalStimulation a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Specification of mechanical forces applied to the model system" ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cyclic_stretch_percent ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cyclic_stretch_percent ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:duration_minutes ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:duration_minutes ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:frequency_hz ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:frequency_hz ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pressure_pascal ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pressure_pascal ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:shear_stress ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:shear_stress ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:stimulation_type ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum ] . namo:MetabolicModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A model that simulates the metabolic processes of an organism or system. Examples: Virtual Physiological Human, ..." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:InSilicoModel . namo:MicrofluidicDesign a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Detailed specification of a microfluidic device design including its architecture, materials, dimensions, and functional features. Terms aligned with ISO 10991:2023 Microfluidics Vocabulary standard." ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:microfluidic_device ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:architecture_type ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:architecture_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:channel_configuration ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:channel_dimensions ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ChannelDimensions ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:flow_control_method ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:FlowControlMethodEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:interface_type ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:InterfaceTypeEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:material ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:DeviceMaterialEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:membrane_pore_size ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:membrane_pore_size ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:membrane_thickness ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:membrane_thickness ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:membrane_type ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MembraneTypeEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:membrane_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:number_of_channels ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:number_of_channels ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:sensors_integrated ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:IntegratedSensorEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:special_features ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:surface_treatment ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum ] . namo:MicrophysiologicalSystem a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Organ-/tissue-on-chip systems that integrate microfluidics, biomaterials, and living cells to replicate tissue-level physiology and dynamics. Conforms to ISO 22916:2022 interoperability requirements for dimensions, connections, and device classification." ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:microfluidic_device ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:NamModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:mechanical_forces ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MechanicalStimulation ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:mechanical_forces ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:microfluidic_design ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MicrofluidicDesign ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:microfluidic_design ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:perfusion_system ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:perfusion_system ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:sensor_integration ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:IntegratedSensorEnum ] , [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( namo:OrganOnChip namo:TissueOnChip ) ] . namo:ModelPerformance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Statistical performance metrics for computational models." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:accuracy ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:accuracy ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:auc ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:auc ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:r_squared ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:r_squared ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:rmse ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:rmse ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:sensitivity ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:sensitivity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:specificity ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:specificity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:ModelSystem a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:models ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ModelsRelationship ] , [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( namo:AnimalModel namo:NamModel ) ] . namo:ModelsRelationship a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_system_modeled ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:BiologicalSystem ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_system_modeled ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:concordance ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ConcordanceResult ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:concordance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:is_computed ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:boolean ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:is_computed ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:structured_concordance ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:StructuredConcordanceResult ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:structured_concordance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:MolecularSimilarity a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Detailed assessment of molecular-level concordance between model and biological systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:conserved_genes ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Gene ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:correlation_coefficient ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:correlation_coefficient ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:data_source ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:data_source ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:differentially_expressed_genes ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Gene ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:methodology ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:methodology ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:similarity_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:similarity_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:statistical_significance ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:StatisticalSignificance ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:statistical_significance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:NamModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A New Approach Methodology (NAM) model, which is a type of model system that does not involve the use of animals." ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch GIVReST:in_vitro_model , OECD:new_approach_methodology ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:ModelSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_organization_level ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_organization_level ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:complexity_level ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ComplexityLevelEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:complexity_level ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:references ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Reference ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:spatial_context ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:spatial_context ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( namo:CellularSystem namo:InSilicoModel namo:MicrophysiologicalSystem ) ] . schema:Thing a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A generic grouping for any identifiable entity" ; skos:exactMatch biolink:NamedThing ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:name ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:name ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:description ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty schema:description ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:type ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:OrganOnChip a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A model system that simulates the physiological functions of an organ using a microfluidic device. Examples: Airway-on-chip, ... Aligned with ISO 10991:2023 microfluidics terminology." ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:organ_on_chip ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:MicrophysiologicalSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_source ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_source ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_types ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:Cell ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:organ_modeled ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:organ_modeled ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . biolink:OrganismTaxon a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A classification of a set of organisms. Can also be used to represent strains or subspecies." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:BiolinkEntity . namo:Organoid a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A 3D cell culture system that self-organizes to recapitulate key structural and functional aspects of an organ or tissue" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch MISpheroID:organoid , MISpheroID:spheroid ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:ThreeDCellCulture , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:culture_system ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:culture_system ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:differentiation_method ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:differentiation_method ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:organ_modeled ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:organ_modeled ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:PbpkCompartment a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A physiological compartment in a PBPK model." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:blood_flow ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:blood_flow ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:compartment_type ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:compartment_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:partition_coefficient ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:partition_coefficient ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:volume ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:volume ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:PbpkModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic models that simulate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:InSilicoModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:compartments ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:PbpkCompartment ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:drug_properties ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:DrugProperties ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:drug_properties ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:elimination_pathways ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:species_modeled ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:OrganismTaxon ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:species_modeled ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:Pathway a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A biological pathway with activity and enrichment information." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:activity_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:activity_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:enrichment_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:enrichment_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_database ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_database ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_id ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_id ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:PathwayConcordance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Assessment of biological pathway conservation and activity between model and biological systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:active_pathways ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Pathway ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:divergent_pathways ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Pathway ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:enrichment_statistics ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:EnrichmentStatistics ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_analysis_method ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_analysis_method ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_overlap_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_overlap_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:PhenotypeOverlap a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Comparison of phenotypic manifestations between model and biological systems." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_specific_phenotypes ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:PhenotypicFeature ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_specific_phenotypes ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:PhenotypicFeature ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_ontology ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_ontology ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_similarity_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_similarity_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:shared_phenotypes ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:PhenotypicFeature ] . biolink:PhenotypicFeature a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A combination of entity and quality that makes up a phenotyping statement." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:BiolinkEntity . namo:QsarModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models that predict chemical/biological activity from molecular structure." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:InSilicoModel , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:activity_endpoint ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:activity_endpoint ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_performance ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ModelPerformance ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:model_performance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_descriptors ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:training_dataset_size ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:training_dataset_size ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:QualityControlMetric a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A quality control measure and its associated value." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:metric_name ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:metric_name ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:metric_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:metric_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pass_fail_status ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:boolean ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pass_fail_status ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:threshold ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:threshold ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . biolink:QuantityValue a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A value of an attribute that is quantitative and measurable, expressed as a combination of a unit and a numeric value. Biolink models this as an annotation rather than a named thing, so it has no identifier and is inlined by value." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty biolink:has_numeric_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty biolink:has_numeric_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty biolink:has_unit ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:Reference a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A literature reference with identifier and title for citing published work." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:authors ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:journal ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:journal ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:title ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:title ; owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:url ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:year ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:year ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:Reproducibility a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Assessment of experimental reproducibility and consistency of the model system." ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:batch_to_batch_variation ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:batch_to_batch_variation ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:coefficient_of_variation ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:coefficient_of_variation ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:inter_laboratory_consistency ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:inter_laboratory_consistency ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:quality_control_metrics ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:QualityControlMetric ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:replicate_count ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:replicate_count ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reproducibility_score ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reproducibility_score ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:StatisticalSignificance a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Statistical measures of significance for molecular comparisons." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:adjusted_p_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:adjusted_p_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:confidence_interval_lower ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:confidence_interval_lower ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:confidence_interval_upper ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:confidence_interval_upper ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:p_value ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:p_value ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:statistical_test ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:statistical_test ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:StructuredConcordanceResult a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Detailed structured assessment of concordance between model and biological systems with rich metadata, evidence, and quantitative measures." ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type_coverage ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:CellTypeCoverage ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:cell_type_coverage ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_parity ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:FunctionalParity ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:functional_parity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_similarity ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:MolecularSimilarity ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:molecular_similarity ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_concordance ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:PathwayConcordance ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:pathway_concordance ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_overlap ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:PhenotypeOverlap ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:phenotype_overlap ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reproducibility ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:Reproducibility ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:reproducibility ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:Study a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A study is a structured investigation or analysis, often involving the collection and interpretation of data, to answer specific research questions or test hypotheses." ; rdfs:seeAlso OECD: , ; skos:exactMatch OECD:OHT210_study , ARRIVE:in_vivo_experiment ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_context ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:biological_context ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:context_of_use ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:context_of_use ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:endpoints ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:endpoints ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:perturbations ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:perturbations ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:plan_comparators ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:plan_comparators ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:ThreeDCellCulture a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Three-dimensional cell culture systems including spheroids and organoids. More physiologically relevant with 3D architecture." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:CellularSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:matrix_composition ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:matrix_composition ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:size_range ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:size_range ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:three_d_architecture ; owl:allValuesFrom namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:three_d_architecture ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:TissueOnChip a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Tissue-level microphysiological systems that model specific tissue functions and multi-cellular interactions. Aligned with ISO 10991:2023 microfluidics terminology." ; rdfs:seeAlso ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:tissue_on_chip ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:MicrophysiologicalSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:anatomical_structure_modeled ; owl:allValuesFrom biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:anatomical_structure_modeled ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:barrier_functions ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:tissue_architecture ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:tissue_architecture ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . namo:TwoDCellCulture a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Conventional monolayer cell cultures grown on flat surfaces. Simple but limited in physiological relevance." ; rdfs:subClassOf namo:CellularSystem , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:confluence_level ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:float ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:confluence_level ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:passage_protocol ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:passage_protocol ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:substrate_type ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ] , [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty namo:substrate_type ; owl:maxCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . schema:description a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "A human-readable description for a thing" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . schema:name a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "A human-readable name for a thing" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:type a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:age_value a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Chronological age of the animal at the time of study, as a numeric value with a unit." ; rdfs:range biolink:QuantityValue ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:environment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The environmental conditions under which the animal model is maintained." ; rdfs:range biolink:EnvironmentalExposure ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:life_stage a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The developmental or life-cycle stage of the animal used in the model system." ; rdfs:range biolink:LifeStage ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:species a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The species of the animal used in the model system." ; rdfs:range biolink:OrganismTaxon ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:strain a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The specific strain of the animal used in the model system. Deliberately unconstrained beyond the class: LinkML dynamic enums cannot filter by taxonomic rank, so any NCBITaxon-rooted enum would be indistinguishable from SpeciesEnum." ; rdfs:range biolink:OrganismTaxon ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:authentication_method a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Method used for cell line authentication (e.g., STR profiling, mycoplasma testing)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:passage_range a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Recommended passage number range for experimental use" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cell_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The cell type for which the ratio is specified" ; rdfs:range biolink:Cell ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:ratio a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Proportion or ratio of this cell type (0.0-1.0 or absolute numbers)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:ratio_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of ratio specification (percentage, absolute, fold)" ; rdfs:range namo:RatioTypeEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cell_type_proportions a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative comparison of cell type proportions." ; rdfs:range namo:CellTypeProportion . namo:coverage_percentage a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Percentage of target cell types represented in the model system." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:missing_cell_types a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of cell types present in biological system but missing in model." ; rdfs:range biolink:Cell . namo:represented_cell_types a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of cell types present in both model and biological system." ; rdfs:range biolink:Cell . namo:single_cell_method a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Method used for single-cell analysis (e.g., scRNA-seq, flow cytometry)." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:biological_proportion a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Proportion of this cell type in the biological system." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:model_proportion a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Proportion of this cell type in the model system." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:proportion_ratio a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Ratio of model to biological proportions." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cell_source a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Source of cells (e.g., primary, iPSC-derived, immortalized cell lines)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cell_types a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Cell types present in the cellular system" ; rdfs:range biolink:Cell . namo:culture_conditions a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Standard culture conditions and media used" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:channel_name a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Name or identifier of the channel (e.g., apical, basolateral, vascular)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:height a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Height of the channel in micrometers" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:length a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Length of the channel in millimeters" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:width a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Width of the channel in micrometers" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cell_ratios a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Ratios of different cell types in the co-culture" ; rdfs:range namo:CellRatio . namo:coculture_configuration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Configuration of co-culture (direct contact, transwell, conditioned media)" ; rdfs:range namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:interaction_mechanisms a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Mechanisms of cell-cell interaction (paracrine, direct contact, mechanical)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:cell_type_coverage a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:functional_parity a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:molecular_similarity a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pathway_concordance a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:phenotype_overlap a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:reproducibility a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cv_method a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of cross-validation used" ; rdfs:range namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cv_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Average cross-validation score" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cv_std a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Standard deviation of cross-validation scores" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:n_folds a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Number of folds in cross-validation" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:model_systems a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range namo:ModelSystem . namo:studies a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range namo:Study . namo:personalization_parameters a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Parameters used for personalization (genetic, phenotypic, etc.)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:real_time_data_sources a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Sources of real-time data for model updating" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:twin_scope a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Scope of digital twin (organ, patient, population)" ; rdfs:range namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:update_frequency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Frequency of model updates based on new data" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:compound_tested a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Name of compound used in dose-response testing." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:correlation_coefficient a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Correlation coefficient between dose-response curves." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:ec_50_ratio a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Ratio of EC50 values between model and biological system." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:max_response_ratio a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Ratio of maximum responses between systems." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:clearance a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Total body clearance (L/h)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:logp a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Lipophilicity (log P)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:molecular_weight a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Molecular weight (g/mol)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pka a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Acid dissociation constant" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:protein_binding a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Fraction bound to plasma proteins (0.0-1.0)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:enrichment_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative enrichment score." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:genes_in_dataset a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Number of genes from dataset found in pathway." ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:genes_in_pathway a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Number of genes in the pathway." ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:p_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Statistical p-value for enrichment." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:q_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "False discovery rate corrected p-value." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:assay_result a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative result of the assay." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:assay_type a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of functional assay (e.g., TEER, permeability, metabolic activity)." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:methodology a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Detailed methodology for the assay." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:reference_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Reference or control value for comparison." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:units a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Units of measurement for the assay result." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:conserved_functions a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of biological functions conserved between model and biological system." ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:dose_response_similarity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Comparison of dose-response relationships for therapeutic compounds." ; rdfs:range namo:DoseResponseSimilarity ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:functional_assays a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of functional assays used to assess parity." ; rdfs:range namo:FunctionalAssay . namo:functional_similarity_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative score (0.0-1.0) representing functional similarity." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:impaired_functions a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of functions that are impaired or absent in the model system." ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:adjusted_p_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Multiple testing corrected p-value." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:ensembl_id a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Ensembl gene identifier." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:entrez_id a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "NCBI Entrez gene identifier." ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:fold_change a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Fold change in expression compared to control or reference." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:gene_symbol a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Standard gene symbol (e.g., HGNC symbol for human genes)." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:computational_method a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Primary computational method or algorithm used" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:prediction_scope a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Scope and limitations of model predictions" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:software_platform a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Software platform or programming language used" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:validation_datasets a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Datasets used for model training and validation" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:cross_validation a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Cross-validation strategy and results" ; rdfs:range namo:CrossValidation ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:feature_types a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Types of features used (molecular, phenotypic, imaging, etc.)" ; rdfs:range namo:FeatureTypeEnum . namo:ml_algorithm a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of machine learning algorithm used" ; rdfs:range namo:MlAlgorithmEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:model_interpretability a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Level of model interpretability (black box, interpretable, explainable)" ; rdfs:range namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:training_data_size a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Size of training dataset" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:cyclic_stretch_percent a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Percentage of cyclic stretch applied (if applicable)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:duration_minutes a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Duration of mechanical stimulation in minutes" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:frequency_hz a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Frequency of mechanical stimulation in Hertz" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pressure_pascal a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Pressure applied in Pascals" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:shear_stress a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Shear stress applied in dyn/cm²" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:stimulation_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of mechanical stimulation applied" ; rdfs:range namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:architecture_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The overall architecture type of the microfluidic device" ; rdfs:range namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:channel_configuration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Configuration of channels (e.g., parallel, serial, branching)" ; rdfs:range namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:channel_dimensions a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Dimensions of the channels in the device" ; rdfs:range namo:ChannelDimensions . namo:flow_control_method a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Methods used to control fluid flow in the device" ; rdfs:range namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:interface_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of interface(s) present in the device" ; rdfs:range namo:InterfaceTypeEnum . namo:material a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Materials used to construct the device" ; rdfs:range namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:membrane_pore_size a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Pore size of the membrane in micrometers" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:membrane_thickness a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Thickness of the membrane in micrometers" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:membrane_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of membrane used in the device if applicable" ; rdfs:range namo:MembraneTypeEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:number_of_channels a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Total number of channels in the device" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:sensors_integrated a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Sensors integrated into the device for monitoring" ; rdfs:range namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:special_features a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Additional special features of the device (e.g., valves, mixers, gradient generators)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:surface_treatment a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Surface treatments or coatings applied to the device" ; rdfs:range namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . namo:mechanical_forces a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Mechanical forces applied to the model system" ; rdfs:range namo:MechanicalStimulation ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:microfluidic_design a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Detailed design specifications of the microfluidic device" ; rdfs:range namo:MicrofluidicDesign ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:perfusion_system a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Description of perfusion and flow systems" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:sensor_integration a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Sensors integrated for real-time monitoring" ; rdfs:range namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:accuracy a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Overall accuracy of the model (0.0-1.0)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:auc a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Area under the ROC curve" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:r_squared a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "R-squared value for regression models" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:rmse a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Root mean square error" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:sensitivity a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Sensitivity/recall of the model (0.0-1.0)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:specificity a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Specificity of the model (0.0-1.0)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:models a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range namo:ModelsRelationship . namo:biological_system_modeled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range namo:BiologicalSystem ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:concordance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Metrics used to assess the concordance between the model system and the biological system, such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy." ; rdfs:range namo:ConcordanceResult ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:is_computed a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Indicates whether the model is computed or derived from experimental data." ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:structured_concordance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Detailed structured assessment of concordance between the model system and the biological system, with rich metadata and supporting evidence." ; rdfs:range namo:StructuredConcordanceResult ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:conserved_genes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of genes with conserved expression patterns between model and target." ; rdfs:range namo:Gene . namo:data_source a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Source of molecular data (e.g., RNA-seq, proteomics, metabolomics)." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:differentially_expressed_genes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of genes that are differentially expressed in the model system." ; rdfs:range namo:Gene . namo:similarity_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative similarity score (0.0-1.0) based on molecular profiles." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:statistical_significance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Statistical measures of significance for the molecular similarity." ; rdfs:range namo:StatisticalSignificance ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:biological_organization_level a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The level of biological organization represented by the model" ; rdfs:range namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:complexity_level a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Level of biological complexity represented (subcellular, cellular, tissue, organ, system)" ; rdfs:range namo:ComplexityLevelEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:references a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Literature references that describe, validate, or support this model" ; rdfs:range namo:Reference . namo:spatial_context a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Description of spatial organization and context captured by the model" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:organ_modeled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The organ or anatomical structure being modeled (e.g., lung, airway, alveolus)" ; rdfs:range biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:culture_system a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Culture system used (e.g., Matrigel dome, suspension culture, air-liquid interface)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:differentiation_method a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Method used to differentiate cells into organoid (e.g., directed differentiation protocol)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:blood_flow a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Blood flow to the compartment (L/h)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:compartment_type a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of physiological compartment" ; rdfs:range namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:partition_coefficient a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Tissue-to-plasma partition coefficient" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:volume a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Volume of the compartment (L)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:compartments a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Physiological compartments included in the model" ; rdfs:range namo:PbpkCompartment . namo:drug_properties a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Physicochemical and pharmacological properties modeled" ; rdfs:range namo:DrugProperties ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:elimination_pathways a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Drug elimination and metabolism pathways included" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:species_modeled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Species for which the model is designed" ; rdfs:range biolink:OrganismTaxon ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:activity_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative measure of pathway activity." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pathway_database a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Source database (e.g., KEGG, Reactome, GO)." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pathway_id a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Database-specific pathway identifier." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:active_pathways a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of biological pathways that are active in both systems." ; rdfs:range namo:Pathway . namo:divergent_pathways a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of pathways that show different activity patterns." ; rdfs:range namo:Pathway . namo:enrichment_statistics a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Statistical measures of pathway enrichment." ; rdfs:range namo:EnrichmentStatistics . namo:pathway_analysis_method a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Method used for pathway analysis (e.g., GSEA, Over-representation analysis)." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pathway_overlap_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative score (0.0-1.0) representing pathway overlap." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:biological_specific_phenotypes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of phenotypes present only in the biological system." ; rdfs:range biolink:PhenotypicFeature . namo:model_specific_phenotypes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of phenotypes present only in the model system." ; rdfs:range biolink:PhenotypicFeature . namo:phenotype_ontology a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Ontology used for phenotype classification (e.g., HPO, MP)." ; owl:deprecated "Redundant now that the phenotype slots are bound to PhenotypeEnum and ranged over PhenotypicFeature; the source ontology is carried by the CURIE prefix of each phenotype id." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:phenotype_similarity_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative score (0.0-1.0) representing phenotypic similarity." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:shared_phenotypes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of phenotypes present in both model and biological system." ; rdfs:range biolink:PhenotypicFeature . namo:activity_endpoint a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Biological activity or property being predicted" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:model_performance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Statistical performance metrics of the model" ; rdfs:range namo:ModelPerformance ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:molecular_descriptors a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Types of molecular descriptors used (topological, electronic, etc.)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:training_dataset_size a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Number of compounds in training dataset" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:metric_name a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Name of the quality control metric." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:metric_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Value of the quality control metric." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:pass_fail_status a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Whether this metric passes quality control criteria." ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:threshold a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Acceptable threshold for this metric." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . biolink:has_numeric_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "The numeric portion of the quantity." ; rdfs:range xsd:double ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . biolink:has_unit a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The unit of measurement, as a UO CURIE." ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:authors a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Authors of the publication" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:journal a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Journal or publication venue" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:title a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Title of the referenced publication or dataset" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:url a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to access the publication" ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:year a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Publication year" ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:batch_to_batch_variation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Measure of variation between different experimental batches." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:coefficient_of_variation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Coefficient of variation across experimental replicates." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:inter_laboratory_consistency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Measure of consistency across different laboratories." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:quality_control_metrics a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "List of quality control measures and their values." ; rdfs:range namo:QualityControlMetric . namo:replicate_count a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Number of experimental replicates used in assessment." ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:reproducibility_score a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative score (0.0-1.0) representing reproducibility." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:confidence_interval_lower a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Lower bound of confidence interval." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:confidence_interval_upper a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Upper bound of confidence interval." ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:statistical_test a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Name of statistical test used." ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:biological_context a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "tissue/region (anatomy), cell types, sex/age equivalents, mechanics (e.g., cyclic stretch), microenvironment" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:context_of_use a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "What decision will this inform? Care? Policy? Drug approval?" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:endpoints a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "phenotypes, function (TEER/leak, beating rate), and multi-omics" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:perturbations a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "exposure/dose/time; diet/drugs/toxicants" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:plan_comparators a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "human data, gold-standard assays, or high-quality animal references" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:matrix_composition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Composition of extracellular matrix or scaffold material" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:size_range a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Typical size range of 3D structures" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:three_d_architecture a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of 3D architecture (spheroid, organoid, scaffold-based, etc.)" ; rdfs:range namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:anatomical_structure_modeled a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "The anatomical structure being modeled — a tissue, organ, or other multicellular structure." ; rdfs:range biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:barrier_functions a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Tissue barrier functions modeled (epithelial, endothelial, etc.)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string . namo:tissue_architecture a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Description of tissue-level architecture and organization" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:confluence_level a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Typical confluence level maintained (0.0-1.0)" ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:passage_protocol a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Standard passaging protocol and frequency" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:substrate_type a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:comment "Type of culture substrate (e.g., plastic, glass, coated surfaces)" ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; a owl:FunctionalProperty . namo:AnatomicalStructureEnum a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Multicellular anatomical structures — organs, tissues, tracts and barriers alike. Rooted at the term Biolink's `gross anatomical structure` maps to." . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.CELLULAR namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.CELLULAR_NEIGHBORHOOD namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.ORGAN namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.SUBCELLULAR namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.SYSTEM namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.TISSUE ) ] . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.CELLULAR a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CELLULAR" ; rdfs:comment "Individual cell level - single cell behavior and properties" ; a namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.CELLULAR_NEIGHBORHOOD a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CELLULAR_NEIGHBORHOOD" ; rdfs:comment "Cell-cell interactions and local microenvironments" ; a namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.ORGAN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ORGAN" ; rdfs:comment "Organ-level physiology and function" ; a namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.SUBCELLULAR a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SUBCELLULAR" ; rdfs:comment "Within a cell - subcellular components and molecular interactions" ; a namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.SYSTEM a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SYSTEM" ; rdfs:comment "Organ system and whole-body physiological integration" ; a namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum . namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum.TISSUE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TISSUE" ; rdfs:comment "Tissue-level organization and multicellular structures" ; a namo:BiologicalOrganizationLevelEnum . namo:CaseOrControlEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( OBI:0002492 OBI:0002493 ) ] . OBI:0002492 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CASE" ; rdfs:label "case role in case-control study" ; a namo:CaseOrControlEnum . OBI:0002493 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CONTROL" ; rdfs:label "control role in case-control study" ; a namo:CaseOrControlEnum . namo:CellTypeEnum a owl:Class . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Channel configurations for microfluidic devices aligned with ISO 22916:2022 interoperability requirements for dimensions and connections" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.BRANCHING namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.CIRCULAR namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.PARALLEL namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.SERIAL namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.SERPENTINE namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.T_SHAPED namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.Y_SHAPED ) ] . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.BRANCHING a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BRANCHING" ; rdfs:comment "Branching channel configuration" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:branching_configuration ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.CIRCULAR a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CIRCULAR" ; rdfs:comment "Circular/loop channel configuration" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:circular_configuration ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.PARALLEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PARALLEL" ; rdfs:comment "Parallel channel configuration" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:parallel_configuration ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.SERIAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SERIAL" ; rdfs:comment "Serial/sequential channel configuration" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:serial_configuration ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.SERPENTINE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SERPENTINE" ; rdfs:comment "Serpentine channel pattern" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:serpentine_configuration ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.T_SHAPED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "T_SHAPED" ; rdfs:comment "T-shaped channel junction" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:t_junction ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum.Y_SHAPED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "Y_SHAPED" ; rdfs:comment "Y-shaped channel junction" ; skos:exactMatch ISO22916:y_junction ; a namo:ChannelConfigurationEnum . namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.CONDITIONED_MEDIA namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.DIRECT_CONTACT namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.GRADIENT namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.MICROPATTERN namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.TRANSWELL ) ] . namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.CONDITIONED_MEDIA a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CONDITIONED_MEDIA" ; rdfs:comment "Cells exposed to media conditioned by other cells" ; a namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum . namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.DIRECT_CONTACT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "DIRECT_CONTACT" ; rdfs:comment "Cells in direct physical contact" ; a namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum . namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.GRADIENT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GRADIENT" ; rdfs:comment "Cells exposed to chemical or physical gradients" ; a namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum . namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.MICROPATTERN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MICROPATTERN" ; rdfs:comment "Cells patterned in defined spatial arrangements" ; a namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum . namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum.TRANSWELL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TRANSWELL" ; rdfs:comment "Cells separated by permeable membrane" ; a namo:CocultureConfigurationEnum . namo:ComplexityLevelEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:ComplexityLevelEnum.HIGH namo:ComplexityLevelEnum.LOW namo:ComplexityLevelEnum.MODERATE ) ] . namo:ComplexityLevelEnum.HIGH a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HIGH" ; rdfs:comment "Complex system with many variables and emergent properties" ; a namo:ComplexityLevelEnum . namo:ComplexityLevelEnum.LOW a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LOW" ; rdfs:comment "Simple, well-defined system with limited variables" ; a namo:ComplexityLevelEnum . namo:ComplexityLevelEnum.MODERATE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MODERATE" ; rdfs:comment "Intermediate complexity with multiple interacting components" ; a namo:ComplexityLevelEnum . namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( OBI:0200032 OBI:0200033 namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum.MONTE_CARLO namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum.STRATIFIED_K_FOLD namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum.TIME_SERIES_SPLIT ) ] . OBI:0200032 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "K_FOLD" ; rdfs:comment "K-fold cross-validation" ; a namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum . OBI:0200033 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LEAVE_ONE_OUT" ; rdfs:comment "Leave-one-out cross-validation" ; a namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum . namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum.MONTE_CARLO a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MONTE_CARLO" ; rdfs:comment "Monte Carlo cross-validation" ; a namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum . namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum.STRATIFIED_K_FOLD a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "STRATIFIED_K_FOLD" ; rdfs:comment "Stratified k-fold cross-validation" ; a namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum . namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum.TIME_SERIES_SPLIT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TIME_SERIES_SPLIT" ; rdfs:comment "Time series cross-validation" ; a namo:CrossValidationMethodEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.COC namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.GLASS namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.HYDROGEL namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.PDMS namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.PLASTIC namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.PMMA namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.POLYCARBONATE namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.POLYSTYRENE namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.SILICON ) ] . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.COC a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "COC" ; rdfs:comment "Cyclic olefin copolymer" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.GLASS a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GLASS" ; rdfs:comment "Glass" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.HYDROGEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HYDROGEL" ; rdfs:comment "Hydrogel materials" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.PDMS a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PDMS" ; rdfs:comment "Polydimethylsiloxane" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.PLASTIC a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PLASTIC" ; rdfs:comment "Plastic (general)" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.PMMA a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PMMA" ; rdfs:comment "Poly(methyl methacrylate)" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.POLYCARBONATE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "POLYCARBONATE" ; rdfs:comment "Polycarbonate" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.POLYSTYRENE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "POLYSTYRENE" ; rdfs:comment "Polystyrene" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DeviceMaterialEnum.SILICON a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SILICON" ; rdfs:comment "Silicon" ; a namo:DeviceMaterialEnum . namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.DISEASE namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.ORGAN namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.PATHWAY namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.PATIENT MAMO:0000028 ) ] . namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.DISEASE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "DISEASE" ; rdfs:comment "Digital twin of disease progression" ; a namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum . namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.ORGAN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ORGAN" ; rdfs:comment "Digital twin of a specific organ" ; a namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum . namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.PATHWAY a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PATHWAY" ; rdfs:comment "Digital twin of biological pathways" ; a namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum . namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum.PATIENT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PATIENT" ; rdfs:comment "Digital twin of an individual patient" ; a namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum . MAMO:0000028 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "POPULATION" ; rdfs:comment "Digital twin representing a population" ; a namo:DigitalTwinScopeEnum . namo:FeatureTypeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:FeatureTypeEnum.CLINICAL namo:FeatureTypeEnum.GENOMIC EDAM:3382 EDAM:3172 namo:FeatureTypeEnum.MOLECULAR namo:FeatureTypeEnum.PHENOTYPIC EDAM:0121 namo:FeatureTypeEnum.TEMPORAL EDAM:3308 ) ] . namo:FeatureTypeEnum.CLINICAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CLINICAL" ; rdfs:comment "Clinical and demographic features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . namo:FeatureTypeEnum.GENOMIC a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GENOMIC" ; rdfs:comment "Genomic and genetic features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . EDAM:3382 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "IMAGING" ; rdfs:comment "Image-derived features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . EDAM:3172 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "METABOLOMIC" ; rdfs:comment "Metabolite concentration features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . namo:FeatureTypeEnum.MOLECULAR a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MOLECULAR" ; rdfs:comment "Molecular descriptors and chemical features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . namo:FeatureTypeEnum.PHENOTYPIC a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PHENOTYPIC" ; rdfs:comment "Phenotypic and physiological features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . EDAM:0121 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PROTEOMIC" ; rdfs:comment "Protein abundance and modification features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . namo:FeatureTypeEnum.TEMPORAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TEMPORAL" ; rdfs:comment "Time-series and temporal features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . EDAM:3308 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TRANSCRIPTOMIC" ; rdfs:comment "Gene expression features" ; a namo:FeatureTypeEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Flow control methods for microfluidic devices as defined in ISO 10991:2023" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.CAPILLARY_ACTION namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.ELECTROOSMOTIC namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.GRAVITY_DRIVEN namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.MICROVALVES namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.PERISTALTIC_PUMP namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.PNEUMATIC_VALVES namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.PRESSURE_DRIVEN namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.SYRINGE_PUMP ) ] . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.CAPILLARY_ACTION a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CAPILLARY_ACTION" ; rdfs:comment "Capillary action-driven flow" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:capillary_flow ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.ELECTROOSMOTIC a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ELECTROOSMOTIC" ; rdfs:comment "Electroosmotic flow" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:electroosmotic_flow ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.GRAVITY_DRIVEN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GRAVITY_DRIVEN" ; rdfs:comment "Gravity-driven flow" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:gravity_flow ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.MICROVALVES a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MICROVALVES" ; rdfs:comment "Integrated microvalves" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:microvalve ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.PERISTALTIC_PUMP a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PERISTALTIC_PUMP" ; rdfs:comment "Peristaltic pump-driven flow" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:peristaltic_pump ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.PNEUMATIC_VALVES a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PNEUMATIC_VALVES" ; rdfs:comment "Pneumatic valve control" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:pneumatic_valve ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.PRESSURE_DRIVEN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PRESSURE_DRIVEN" ; rdfs:comment "Pressure-driven flow" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:pressure_driven_flow ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:FlowControlMethodEnum.SYRINGE_PUMP a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SYRINGE_PUMP" ; rdfs:comment "Syringe pump-driven flow" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:syringe_pump ; a namo:FlowControlMethodEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.ELECTROCHEMICAL namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.FLOW_RATE namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.IMPEDANCE namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.OPTICAL namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.OXYGEN namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.PH namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.PRESSURE namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.TEER namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.TEMPERATURE ) ] . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.ELECTROCHEMICAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ELECTROCHEMICAL" ; rdfs:comment "Electrochemical sensors" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.FLOW_RATE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "FLOW_RATE" ; rdfs:comment "Flow rate sensor" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.IMPEDANCE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "IMPEDANCE" ; rdfs:comment "Impedance sensors" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.OPTICAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "OPTICAL" ; rdfs:comment "Optical sensors" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.OXYGEN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "OXYGEN" ; rdfs:comment "Oxygen sensor" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.PH a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PH" ; rdfs:comment "pH sensor" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.PRESSURE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PRESSURE" ; rdfs:comment "Pressure sensor" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.TEER a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TEER" ; rdfs:comment "Trans-epithelial electrical resistance sensor" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:IntegratedSensorEnum.TEMPERATURE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TEMPERATURE" ; rdfs:comment "Temperature sensor" ; a namo:IntegratedSensorEnum . namo:InterfaceTypeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.AIR_LIQUID namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.CELL_CELL namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.LIQUID_LIQUID namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.TISSUE_TISSUE namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.VASCULAR_EPITHELIAL ) ] . namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.AIR_LIQUID a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "AIR_LIQUID" ; rdfs:comment "Air-liquid interface" ; a namo:InterfaceTypeEnum . namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.CELL_CELL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CELL_CELL" ; rdfs:comment "Direct cell-cell interface" ; a namo:InterfaceTypeEnum . namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.LIQUID_LIQUID a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LIQUID_LIQUID" ; rdfs:comment "Liquid-liquid interface" ; a namo:InterfaceTypeEnum . namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.TISSUE_TISSUE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TISSUE_TISSUE" ; rdfs:comment "Tissue-tissue interface" ; a namo:InterfaceTypeEnum . namo:InterfaceTypeEnum.VASCULAR_EPITHELIAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "VASCULAR_EPITHELIAL" ; rdfs:comment "Vascular-epithelial interface" ; a namo:InterfaceTypeEnum . namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.BLACK_BOX namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.CAUSAL namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.EXPLAINABLE namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.INTERPRETABLE ) ] . namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.BLACK_BOX a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BLACK_BOX" ; rdfs:comment "No interpretability - predictions only" ; a namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum . namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.CAUSAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CAUSAL" ; rdfs:comment "Causal relationships can be inferred" ; a namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum . namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.EXPLAINABLE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "EXPLAINABLE" ; rdfs:comment "Full mechanistic interpretation possible" ; a namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum . namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum.INTERPRETABLE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "INTERPRETABLE" ; rdfs:comment "Some level of feature importance available" ; a namo:InterpretabilityLevelEnum . namo:InvestigativeProtocolEnum a owl:Class . namo:LifeStageEnum a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Developmental and life-cycle stages. Composed rather than rooted at UBERON:0000105 alone: the species-specific developmental ontologies are not asserted as subclasses of it (MmusDv:0000110 has MmusDv:0000000 as its only ontology ancestor), so a UBERON-only root would reject the species-specific terms Biolink's `life stage` lists in its id_prefixes." . namo:MlAlgorithmEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.DEEP_LEARNING MESH:D000098404 OBI:0200041 OBI:0200103 OBI:0200002 namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.NAIVE_BAYES namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.NEURAL_NETWORK namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.RANDOM_FOREST namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.REINFORCEMENT_LEARNING OBI:0000700 ) ] . namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.DEEP_LEARNING a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "DEEP_LEARNING" ; rdfs:comment "Deep learning models" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . MESH:D000098404 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GRADIENT_BOOSTING" ; rdfs:comment "Gradient boosting methods" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . OBI:0200041 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "K_MEANS" ; rdfs:comment "K-means clustering" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . OBI:0200103 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LINEAR_REGRESSION" ; rdfs:comment "Linear regression models" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . OBI:0200002 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LOGISTIC_REGRESSION" ; rdfs:comment "Logistic regression models" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.NAIVE_BAYES a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "NAIVE_BAYES" ; rdfs:comment "Naive Bayes classifier" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.NEURAL_NETWORK a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "NEURAL_NETWORK" ; rdfs:comment "Artificial Neural Networks" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.RANDOM_FOREST a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "RANDOM_FOREST" ; rdfs:comment "Random Forest algorithm" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . namo:MlAlgorithmEnum.REINFORCEMENT_LEARNING a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "REINFORCEMENT_LEARNING" ; rdfs:comment "Reinforcement learning approaches" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . OBI:0000700 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SUPPORT_VECTOR_MACHINE" ; rdfs:comment "Support Vector Machine" ; a namo:MlAlgorithmEnum . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.BREATHING_MOTION namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.COMPRESSION namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.CYCLIC_STRETCH EFO:0000534 namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.PERISTALTIC_MOTION namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.PULSATILE_FLOW EFO:0022075 namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.TENSION ) ] . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.BREATHING_MOTION a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BREATHING_MOTION" ; rdfs:comment "Breathing-like cyclic motion" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.COMPRESSION a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "COMPRESSION" ; rdfs:comment "Compression forces" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.CYCLIC_STRETCH a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "CYCLIC_STRETCH" ; rdfs:comment "Cyclic stretching" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . EFO:0000534 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HYDROSTATIC_PRESSURE" ; rdfs:comment "Hydrostatic pressure" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.PERISTALTIC_MOTION a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PERISTALTIC_MOTION" ; rdfs:comment "Peristaltic-like motion" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.PULSATILE_FLOW a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PULSATILE_FLOW" ; rdfs:comment "Pulsatile flow" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . EFO:0022075 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SHEAR_STRESS" ; rdfs:comment "Fluid shear stress" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum.TENSION a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TENSION" ; rdfs:comment "Tensile forces" ; a namo:MechanicalStimulationTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:MembraneTypeEnum.COLLAGEN namo:MembraneTypeEnum.ECM_COATED namo:MembraneTypeEnum.ELECTROSPUN namo:MembraneTypeEnum.HYDROGEL namo:MembraneTypeEnum.PDMS namo:MembraneTypeEnum.POROUS_POLYMER namo:MembraneTypeEnum.TRACK_ETCHED ) ] . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.COLLAGEN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "COLLAGEN" ; rdfs:comment "Collagen-based membrane" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.ECM_COATED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ECM_COATED" ; rdfs:comment "Extracellular matrix-coated membrane" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.ELECTROSPUN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ELECTROSPUN" ; rdfs:comment "Electrospun fiber membrane" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.HYDROGEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HYDROGEL" ; rdfs:comment "Hydrogel membrane" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.PDMS a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PDMS" ; rdfs:comment "Polydimethylsiloxane membrane" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.POROUS_POLYMER a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "POROUS_POLYMER" ; rdfs:comment "Porous polymer membrane (e.g., PET, PC)" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MembraneTypeEnum.TRACK_ETCHED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TRACK_ETCHED" ; rdfs:comment "Track-etched membrane" ; a namo:MembraneTypeEnum . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Architecture types for microfluidic devices as defined in ISO 10991:2023" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.LAYERED namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.MULTI_CHANNEL namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.NETWORK namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.RADIAL namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.SINGLE_CHANNEL namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.TWO_CHANNEL ) ] . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.LAYERED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LAYERED" ; rdfs:comment "Layered/stacked channel architecture" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:multilayer_device ; a namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.MULTI_CHANNEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MULTI_CHANNEL" ; rdfs:comment "Multiple channels (>2) design" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:multichannel_device ; a namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.NETWORK a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "NETWORK" ; rdfs:comment "Network of interconnected channels" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:microfluidic_network ; a namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.RADIAL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "RADIAL" ; rdfs:comment "Radial channel architecture" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:radial_flow_device ; a namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.SINGLE_CHANNEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SINGLE_CHANNEL" ; rdfs:comment "Single channel design" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:single_channel_device ; a namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum . namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum.TWO_CHANNEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TWO_CHANNEL" ; rdfs:comment "Two-channel design with separated compartments" ; skos:exactMatch ISO10991:dual_channel_device ; a namo:MicrofluidicArchitectureEnum . namo:OrganEnum a owl:Class . namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.BLOOD namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.BONE UBERON:0000955 namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.FAT namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.GI_TRACT UBERON:0000948 UBERON:0002113 UBERON:0002107 UBERON:0002048 UBERON:0001134 UBERON:0001969 namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.SKIN ) ] . namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.BLOOD a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BLOOD" ; rdfs:comment "Blood compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.BONE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BONE" ; rdfs:comment "Bone tissue compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0000955 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BRAIN" ; rdfs:comment "Central nervous system compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.FAT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "FAT" ; rdfs:comment "Adipose tissue compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.GI_TRACT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GI_TRACT" ; rdfs:comment "Gastrointestinal tract compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0000948 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HEART" ; rdfs:comment "Cardiac compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0002113 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "KIDNEY" ; rdfs:comment "Renal compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0002107 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LIVER" ; rdfs:comment "Hepatic compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0002048 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LUNG" ; rdfs:comment "Pulmonary compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0001134 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MUSCLE" ; rdfs:comment "Skeletal muscle compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . UBERON:0001969 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PLASMA" ; rdfs:comment "Plasma compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum.SKIN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SKIN" ; rdfs:comment "Dermal compartment" ; a namo:PbpkCompartmentEnum . namo:PhenotypeEnum a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Phenotypic abnormalities across the human and mammalian phenotype ontologies, matching the span of Biolink's `phenotypic feature`." . namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.FN namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.FP namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.TN namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.TP ) ] . namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.FN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "FN" ; rdfs:comment "False Negative" ; a namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum . namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.FP a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "FP" ; rdfs:comment "False Positive" ; a namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum . namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.TN a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TN" ; rdfs:comment "True Negative" ; a namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum . namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum.TP a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "TP" ; rdfs:comment "True Positive" ; a namo:PredictionOutcomeEnum . namo:PresenceEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:PresenceEnum.ABOVE_DETECTION_LIMIT namo:PresenceEnum.ABSENT namo:PresenceEnum.BELOW_DETECTION_LIMIT namo:PresenceEnum.PRESENT ) ] . namo:PresenceEnum.ABOVE_DETECTION_LIMIT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ABOVE_DETECTION_LIMIT" ; rdfs:comment "The entity is above the detection limit" ; a namo:PresenceEnum . namo:PresenceEnum.ABSENT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ABSENT" ; rdfs:comment "The entity is absent" ; a namo:PresenceEnum . namo:PresenceEnum.BELOW_DETECTION_LIMIT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BELOW_DETECTION_LIMIT" ; rdfs:comment "The entity is below the detection limit" ; a namo:PresenceEnum . namo:PresenceEnum.PRESENT a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PRESENT" ; rdfs:comment "The entity is present" ; a namo:PresenceEnum . namo:RatioTypeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:RatioTypeEnum.ABSOLUTE namo:RatioTypeEnum.FOLD namo:RatioTypeEnum.PERCENTAGE ) ] . namo:RatioTypeEnum.ABSOLUTE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ABSOLUTE" ; rdfs:comment "Absolute cell numbers" ; a namo:RatioTypeEnum . namo:RatioTypeEnum.FOLD a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "FOLD" ; rdfs:comment "Fold ratio relative to reference" ; a namo:RatioTypeEnum . namo:RatioTypeEnum.PERCENTAGE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "PERCENTAGE" ; rdfs:comment "Percentage of total cells" ; a namo:RatioTypeEnum . namo:RelativeTimeEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:RelativeTimeEnum.AFTER namo:RelativeTimeEnum.AT_SAME_TIME_AS namo:RelativeTimeEnum.BEFORE ) ] . namo:RelativeTimeEnum.AFTER a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "AFTER" ; a namo:RelativeTimeEnum . namo:RelativeTimeEnum.AT_SAME_TIME_AS a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "AT_SAME_TIME_AS" ; a namo:RelativeTimeEnum . namo:RelativeTimeEnum.BEFORE a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BEFORE" ; a namo:RelativeTimeEnum . namo:SampleProcessingEnum a owl:Class . namo:SpeciesEnum a owl:Class . namo:StudyDesignEnum a owl:Class . namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum.ANTI_FOULING CHEBI:3815 CHEBI:5058 CHEBI:5291 MESH:D007797 namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum.MATRIGEL namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum.OXYGEN_PLASMA CHEBI:53412 NCIT:C13288 ) ] . namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum.ANTI_FOULING a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ANTI_FOULING" ; rdfs:comment "Anti-fouling coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . CHEBI:3815 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "COLLAGEN" ; rdfs:comment "Collagen coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . CHEBI:5058 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "FIBRONECTIN" ; rdfs:comment "Fibronectin coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . CHEBI:5291 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "GELATIN" ; rdfs:comment "Gelatin coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . MESH:D007797 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "LAMININ" ; rdfs:comment "Laminin coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum.MATRIGEL a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "MATRIGEL" ; rdfs:comment "Matrigel coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum.OXYGEN_PLASMA a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "OXYGEN_PLASMA" ; rdfs:comment "Oxygen plasma treatment" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . CHEBI:53412 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "POLY_L_LYSINE" ; rdfs:comment "Poly-L-lysine coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . NCIT:C13288 a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "RGD_PEPTIDE" ; rdfs:comment "RGD peptide coating" ; a namo:SurfaceCoatingEnum . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:oneOf ( namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.BIOPRINTED namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.HANGING_DROP namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.HYDROGEL_EMBEDDED namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.ORGANOID namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.SCAFFOLD_BASED namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.SPHEROID ) ] . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.BIOPRINTED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "BIOPRINTED" ; rdfs:comment "3D bioprinted structures" ; a namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.HANGING_DROP a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HANGING_DROP" ; rdfs:comment "Spheroids formed using hanging drop method" ; a namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.HYDROGEL_EMBEDDED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "HYDROGEL_EMBEDDED" ; rdfs:comment "Cells embedded in hydrogel matrices" ; a namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.ORGANOID a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "ORGANOID" ; rdfs:comment "Self-organizing 3D structures with organ-like features" ; a namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.SCAFFOLD_BASED a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SCAFFOLD_BASED" ; rdfs:comment "Cells grown on 3D scaffolds or matrices" ; a namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum . namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum.SPHEROID a owl:NamedIndividual ; skos:notation "SPHEROID" ; rdfs:comment "Spherical 3D cell aggregates" ; a namo:ThreeDArchitectureEnum . dcterms:license a owl:AnnotationProperty . vann:preferredNamespacePrefix a owl:AnnotationProperty . vann:preferredNamespaceUri a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:exactMatch a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:notation a owl:AnnotationProperty . sh:declare a owl:AnnotationProperty . sh:prefix a owl:AnnotationProperty . sh:namespace a owl:AnnotationProperty .